第2讲+有提示词填空+提示词为动词+2022届高考英语二轮复习+语法填空专项精准讲练讲义

高考英语二轮复习语法填空专项讲练

第二讲     有提示词填空---提示词为动词

◎提示词为动词解题方法---“一定三思”法

◎提示词动词作谓语动词解题方法

1.分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语动词，如果缺少谓语，则应填谓语动词（注意高考常在从句中考察谓语动词）；

2.根据时间标志词、并列谓语、上下文语境或固定句式确定用哪种时态；

3.根据主语和谓语之间的主被动关系确定是否用被动语态；

4.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，即要符合主谓一致原则。

例 1：(2021年全国新高考1卷·61) You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

例 2：(2021年全国甲卷·61) The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It__________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

例 3：(2021年浙江卷) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,  ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.

微技能1：确定谓语动词时态的四种方法

方法 1：慧眼识别时间标志词

1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·61)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.

3. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said,  “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________(make) over the years.

4. (2020年 浙江高考)By about 6000 BC, people ___________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise．Later, they learned to work with the seasons...

链接：重要时间标志词速记

1.一般现在时( do/does; am/is/are):every day、always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等。

2.一般过去时(did; was/were):yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day (前几天)、one rainy day、in 2021、once (曾经)等。

3.现在完成时(have/has done; have/has been): already、lately、recently, for+一段时间、since+过去的时间点、so far/up to now/till now(到目前为止), ever since、in/over/during the last/past/recent+一段时间等。

4.一般将来时(will; will be):tomorrow、next year、in a week一周后、in the future、soon等。

5.现在进行时(am/is/are doing): at present、now、at this moment等。

6.过去完成时(had done; had been):two days before, by/by the end of+过去时间点。

方法 2：瞻前顾后找并列

1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When  he  asked the villagers  on the banks of the river where  he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

3. (2020年江苏卷改变) There, he not only did well as a student but also _________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.

小结：常用并列连词速记：and,but,or, neither...nor...,not only...but aslo...等，同一个主语的两个或两个以上的谓语动词时态一般要保持一致。

方法 3：常用句式记心间

1. (2021·沈阳监测）This was the first time I _________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.

2.(天津卷）I _________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

3. (2021·梧州一模）I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exercise and you_________ (feel) better.”

4. (2021·济宁模考）Therefore, it is high time that we_________(take) effective measures to improve th ecurrent situation.

链接：常用句式速记：

1. sb was/were doing sth when sb did. . . 某人正在做某事这时突然...

2. It is/has been +一段时间 since sb did... 自从某人做某事已经...长时间

3. This/It/That is/was the first/second. . .time that sb have/had done. . . 某人第...次做某事

4.祈使句＋and/or+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时

5. It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth 是某人应做某事的时候了

方法 4：认真体会辩语境

1. (2020·浙江高考）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64　   　rise of science, changes began. New methods________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming．

2. (2021 江西重点高中联考) As a result, as the number of qubis (量子位) ________(increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.

小结：如果分析句子结构，发现没有时间标志词和其它提示词，应根据上下文语境判断谓语动词的时态。通常和上下文保持时态一致性。

微技能2：确定谓语动词的语态

1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented  his  masterpiece to  the  emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.

2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·69) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay,  we _____________ (invite) to  attend  a private concert on a beautiful farm…

3. (自编题) The book which is based on a true story _________(sell)  so well that it_____________(sell) out since two days ago.

小结：1. 主语和谓语动词是主动关系，用主动语态；若是被动关系则用被动语态。

2. 被动语态基本形式：一般现在时：am/is/are done；一般过去式: was/were done

现在完成时：have/has been done 含有情态动词+be done

3. 主动表被动形式也要注意：The book sells well and is worth reading. The plants need/want/require watering(=to be watered).

微技能3：主谓一致三原则

1. (2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers , ______(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 

2. (2021 湖南名校联盟高三联考) Chinese American shef, Ken Hom, who______(work)

on British TV for over 30 years, says: “Chinese food in the 1980 in the UK was mainly sweet.”

3. (自编题)Not only the children but also their father______(move) deeply by the moving story at that time.

链接：主谓一致三原则：

语法一致原则：主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to 等时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致即就远原则。

就近一致原则：由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。

意义一致原则：单数名词/不可数名词/to do 不定式/动名词doing/不定代词/主语从句作主语一般表单数概念，谓语动词用单数；定语从句从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致

◎提示词动词作非谓语动词解题方法

若所给提示词为动词，分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词，考虑填非谓语动词。

例 1：(2021年全国新高考1卷·60) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is always leaving us________(astonish).

例 2： (2021年全国甲卷·63) It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

微技能 1 巧解非谓语动词作主语

1. (2021 江西省第二次联考)__________ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.

2.  (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.

小结：1. 句子缺少主语，找到句子的谓语动词，确定用动名词 doing 作主语还是不定式 to do 作主语。

2. 牢记it为形式主语，动名词doing 和 不定式 to do 作真正主语的句型：

It’s+adj. for sb+to do sth. :It is beneficial for us to walk on a regular basis.

It’s+adj.(表品质性格) of sb+to do sth. : It is generous of you to help the people in need.

It is no use/good doing sth. :It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。

It takes sb some time to do sth. :It took us almost an hour to get there.

It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. ：It is worthwhile spending/to spend time studying English.

微技能 2 巧解非谓语动词作宾语

1. (2021年全国甲卷·64)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!

2. (2021年全国乙卷·70)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.

3.(2018年全国Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.

小结：1. 介词后常跟doing 作宾与，构成介宾结构 。

2. 牢记只跟doing作宾语的动词和短语：喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid)；不禁放弃大冒险(cannot help、give up、risk)；感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth)；介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off)；允许完成是期望(allow、permit、finish、look forward to)；建议继续勤操练(suggest、keep on、practise)；致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on)；注意成功不错过(pay attention to、succeed in、miss)

3. 牢记只跟to do作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise)；两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse)；设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide、determine)；不要假装在选择(pretend、choose、select)；打算提出一计划(intend、offer、plan)；申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford)

；准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)

4. 跟doing和to do 作宾语意义不同：mean to do sth  打算作某事/mean doing sth意味着做某事; remember to do sth 记得要去做/remember doing sth 记得做过；try to do sth 尽力做某事/try doing sth尝试做某事

微技能 3 巧解非谓语动词作定语

1. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

2. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·65) Picking  up  her “Lifetime  Achievement” award,  proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

3. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·68) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

4. (2015卷I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

1. 现在分词 doing 作后置定语修饰名词表主动关系或正在进行；表心理状态的现在分词形容词，意为令人...的；过去分词 done 表被动关系或完成；表心理状态的过去分词形容词，意为感到...的。

2. 由 first、second、last等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰的名词时常用不定式作定语；抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、plan、promise、attempt、desire等后常用不定式作后置定语。

微技能 4 巧解非谓语动词作状语

1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·66) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4  ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

4. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·70) China’s  approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its  citizens  “offers  useful  lessons  for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.

5. (2021年 江西重点中学联考) _________(compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can caculate 100,000 times faster.

1. 现在分词 doing作状语, 句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 表伴随、时间或条件、自然而然的结果等；when/while doing 当做某事时。

2.过去分词 done 作状语, 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者。

3.不定式作状语可以用作目的状语; only to do sth作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果; 形容词或过去分词作 后接不定式作原因状语。常见词有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。

微技能 5 巧解非谓语动词作表语和宾语补足语

1. (2021年全国乙卷·61) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions....

2. (2014年全国2卷) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________ (disappoint).

3. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·69)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·63) They are required  __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

小结：1. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。表心理状态的现在分词形容词作表语修饰物, 意为“令人……的”,而过去分词形式作表语修饰人, 意为“感到……的” 。

2. 常用不定式作宾语补足语: tell/order/allow/require/permit/enable/encourage/ask/invite sb to do sth等;现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行:see/notice/watch catch/find/keep/have/hear sb doing sth等；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have/make/get/see/notice/watch/hear sb/sth done等。

3. have的固定用法：have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直做; have sth done 让某事被做；have sb do sth 让某人做某事

◎提示词动词词性转化解题方法

所给提示词为动词，既不作谓语动词，又不作非谓语动词，考虑词性转化,一般转化为名词或形容词。

例 1：(2021年浙江卷) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _________(marry) ceremony in 1842.

例 2：(2021高三联考题) We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful.

微技能：句子成分分析法巧解动词词性转化

1.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a  _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·66) In recent years some  Inuit  people  in  Nunavut  have reported  increases  in  bear  sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.

3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let  us  know  of an  interesting ____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.

4. (自编题) There is no doubt that he is a _______ (rely) person.

1. 动词转化为名词：在句中作主语、宾语（2.3）或表语；

2. 动词转化为形容词：在句中作定语（4）、宾补或表语（1）

◎真题演练

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _______（prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it _______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _______（marry）ceremony in 1842.

When the house was built, it was much_______（small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _______（paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of   _______ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.

Although Mary loved flowers, _______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _______ (plant) flowers in the front yard.

   _______ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______ （sell）most of their furniture.