2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件：语法专题9名词性从句

这是一份2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件：语法专题9名词性从句，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考点归纳，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.(2020·天津,单项填空)The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true 　　　　　Prfessr Jseph had said. what　句意:为了让Jseph教授所说的话成为现实,这个学生完成了这项实验。分析句子结构可知,make后要接宾语从句,what在此处引导宾语从句,且在从句中做had said的宾语。2.(2019·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence 　　　　　　they range all the way acrss the Arctic. that　空格前面的单词是evidence,空格后面的句子用来说明evidence的内容,由此判断是同位语从句。所填的词在句中不做句子成分,所以填that。
3.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)I’m nt sure 　　　　　is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. wh　I’m nt sure后面接宾语从句,所以用wh指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。4.(2017·北京,单项填空)Every year,　　　　　 makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. whever　句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whever在此处相当于anyne/anybdy wh,引导主语从句。
5.(2016·北京,单项填空)Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.　　　　　　 yu can d helps. Whatever　句意:你的支持对我们的工作来说十分重要,你所做的一切对我们都有帮助。“Whatever yu can d”在句中做主语,d后缺少宾语,故应用Whatever (任何事情)来引导主语从句。
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。Exactly when the ptat was intrduced int Eurpe is uncertain,but it was prbably arund 1565.马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。
What makes the bk s extrardinary is the creative imaginatin f the writer.使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。That she will succeed is certain.=It is certain that she will succeed.她肯定会成功。
2.it做形式主语的常见句型(1)It is+名词(n wnder,an hnr,a gd thing,a pity,n surprise等)+that从句。It is n surprise that we will win the match.我们将会赢得比赛这一点也不惊奇。(2)It is+形容词(bvius,true,natural,surprising,gd,funny,pssible,likely,certain等)+that从句。It is certain that he will cme.他肯定会来。(3)It is+过去分词(said,reprted,thught,expected,decided,annunced等)+that从句。It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived.据说史密斯先生已经到了。
1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hpe,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。We must find ut when Karl is cming,s we can bk a rm fr him.我们必须弄清楚卡尔会在什么时候来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。It’s gd t knw that the dgs will be well cared fr while we’re away.得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。I dn’t think (that) yu are right.我认为你不对。
2.动词find,feel,think,cnsider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。3.hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.我不喜欢他们吃着东西说话。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。I’m sure that they can make it.我确定他们会成功。
1.跟在be动词或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。The best mment fr the ftball player was when he scred the winning gal.对足球运动员来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。As Jhn Lennn nce said,life is what/whatever happens t yu while yu are busy making ther plans.正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时所发生在你身上的事情。The message f the mvie is that humans want peace,nt war.这部电影传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。
2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestin,rder,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“shuld+动词原形”的形式,shuld可以省略。His suggestin is that we (shuld) change ur curse.他建议我们改变航线。3.主语为名词reasn时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。The reasn fr the accident is that the driver was t careless.这起事故的原因是司机太大意。
4.because,as if,as thugh,as等也可引导表语从句。Frm space,the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。
同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt, news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin, explanatin,infrmatin,thught,wrd等。The fact that cllege students are financially dependent n their parents is nthing new.大学生在经济上依靠父母的这一事实并不是什么新鲜事。Peple all ver the wrld have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life.全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。
2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。—Is it true that Mike refused an ffer frm Yale University yesterday?—Yeah,but I have n idea why he did it;that’s ne f his favurite universities.——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。The thught came t him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敌人可能已逃离这座城市。
4.dubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。dubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。Yu can cmplain,but I dubt whether it will make any difference.你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。There is n dubt that we will have an exam next week.毫无疑问下周我们要考试。
whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。Whether yu are n gd terms with yur classmates will affect yur md.你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。We shuld discuss the questin whether we can finish it n time carefully.我们应该认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。
3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。It all depends n whether they will lend us the mney.这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。4.与“r nt”直接连用时。I didn’t knw whether r nt he had arrived in Beijing.我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。5.后接动词不定式时。I dn’t knw whether t g t the party.我不知道是否去参加聚会。
1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)他考试没及格令我很惊讶。He is a gd student except that he is a little careless.除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。
2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。“Every time yu eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mther used t tell me.(what 指“……说的话”)“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。A ship in harbur is safe,but that’s nt what ships are built fr.(做fr的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”)船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是这个目的。
Yu will knw what side effect the medicine brings abut.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”)你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“……的地方”)=He lives in the place that we call “spring city”.他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。Yu dn’t knw what gd students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)你不知道他们是多么好的学生。
3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tell me which bk yu like better,the red ne r the blue ne?I will buy the bk which yu chse fr yu.告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。4.A is t B what C is t D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。Air is t us what water is t fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Scientists have btained mre evidence 　　　　　　plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江苏,单项填空) that　句意:科学家们已经获得了更多的证据,表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知,后面的句子解释说明evidence的内容,所以是同位语从句,连接词在从句中不做成分,所以填that。2.It’s s imprtant 　　　　　　yu need t get a certain amunt f water each day.(2019·山东济南外国语学校模拟) that　句意:重要的是你每天要喝一定量的水。it是形式主语,所填的词在句中不做成分,所以用that。
3.This is 　　　　　　my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.(2019·辽宁八校联考) what　句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。此处是表语从句,该空在从句中做taught的宾语,所以用what引导。4.The gld medal will be awarded t 　　　　　　wins first place in the bicycle race.(2019·江苏南通模拟) whever　句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。
5.Taking a bat is the nly way t get here,which is 　　　　　　we arrived.(2019·江苏徐州一中模拟) hw　句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,is后面为表语从句。根据taking a bat可知,此处用hw引导表语从句,表示“如何”。6.They were cnsulting a map and seemed cnfused,s I asked them 　　　　　they were lking fr.(2018·宁夏育才中学模考) what　分析句子成分可知,此处是宾语从句,题空处做介词fr的宾语,故填what。7.My first task was t decide where I culd g and 　　　　　I culd get there.(2018·山东师大附中二模) hw　句意:我的首要任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据句意可知设空处表示“如何”,故填hw。
8.Success partially depends n 　　　　　yu have the patience t d simple things perfectly.(2018·福建安溪模拟) whether　句意:成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句,做介词n的宾语,意为“是否”,故填whether。9.They wanted t understand wh painted the pictures and 　　　they might mean. what　由该句结构可知,空处为宾语从句的连接词,且空处在从句中做动词mean的宾语,故用what。10.I dn’t knw 　　　　　　she will be admitted t the university.whether/if　whether/if引导宾语从句。句意:我不知道她是否能考上那所大学。
11.I have n dubt 　　　　　　my brther will pass the driving test.that　此处为同位语从句,连接词用that。12.　　　　　　 r nt a cmputer is lightweight is imprtant. Whether　根据句意“计算机是否是轻便的是很重要的”可知,空处引导主语从句,且与“r nt”直接连用,连接词只用whether不用if。13.　　　　　　 made that statement des nt knw the facts. Whever　空后的从句中缺少主语,应用whever=anyne wh,它既引导主语从句也在从句中做主语。wh“谁”,语意不合适。whever“无论谁”。14.Anne felt terrible,which was 　　　　　she was late fr the exam.why　句意:安妮感到很不舒服,这就是她考试迟到的原因。why在此处引导表语从句,并在从句中做原因状语。
Ⅱ.单句改错1.Thugh I dn’t knw exactly hw I can d fr the animals yet,I can at least fllw my brther.(2019·辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考)hw→what　此处是宾语从句,连接词做d的宾语,所以把hw改为what。2.It is nt the stry itself but that is reflected in the stry that cunts.(2019·湖南衡阳八中模拟)第一个that→what　此处是主语从句,连接词在句中做主语,所以用what。3.The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is what ne can be entirely free frm dust.(2019·豫北名校联考)what→that　is后跟从句做表语,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that。
4.It struck me mst in the mvie was the father’s deep lve fr his sn.(2019·河北正定模考)It→What　分析句子结构可知,主语从句中缺少主语,并且指事物,所以用what。5.Hwever,when they gt hme,I hesitated fr a mment and tld them that truly happened.that→what　分析句子结构可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,应用what。6.If we try ur best t get ahead,we will be able t achieve what we desire and deserve it.删除it　what在宾语从句中充当宾语,it多余,故删除it。
7.After dinner,I packed int the suitcase which my grandparents wuld need,such as clthes,glasses,an umbrella,and a map.which→what　分析句子结构可知,从句what my grandparents wuld need 做packed的宾语;连接词what做从句中need的宾语。8.I fully understand when we are nt cmfrtable abut it,but there’s n need t feel t sad.when→why　根据该句中的understand及语境可以判断,应用why引导该宾语从句。9.The fact whether I almst drwned makes me very careful abut water safety whenever I g swimming.whether→that　此处是同位语从句,又因为从句中不缺少成分,故填连词that。
10.I didn’t knw that the science museum was,s I asked the man which bus I shuld take.that→where　分析句子结构和下文暗示可知,宾语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
Ⅲ.短文改错Dear Laura,Thanks fr letting us t stay at yur seaside huse.Nw,yu might have heard frm yur neighburs abut which happened n Saturday evening.When I was ut a walk,my yunger sn,Tm,played the ftball befre yur huse.He made s much nise that the neighburs gt quite angrily.Even wrse,Tm brke ne f the windw f Mr. Wilsn’s huse.Tm and I aplgized t all the neighburs fr the unhappy happenings,but prmised t have the brken windw repair sn.Tm said that we wuld nt d such silly things any mre.I am glad that yur neighburs had frgiven us.They are really nice peple.Yurs,Betty