14.语法易错、易漏点总结-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

这是一份14.语法易错、易漏点总结-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车，共43页。试卷主要包含了形容词 副词的比较级，介词，代词，反意疑问句，动词的时态，情态动词，句法，其他等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第14讲： 语法易错、易漏点总结



考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接

v 语法易错 易漏点归纳、例题
一、 形容词 副词的比较级、最高级及基本用法
1. 特别注意倍数关系的表达方法:

说明: 其中倍数 / 分数词也可为half, twice, three times等，同级比较时则可省去
例题
1) I would have paid _____ for the dress if the sales girl had insisted, because I really wanted it.
A. as much twice B. twice as much C. twice more than D. more than twice
2) Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills _____ people each year as automobile accidents.
A. as seven times many B. seven times as many
C. as many as seven times D. seven times as
3) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _____ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
4) Paper produces every year is _____ the world’s production of vehicles.
A. as three times heavy as B. the three times weight of
C. three times heavier than D. as heavy as three times
5) During the promotion, all the second-hand computers were sold at a price _____ before.
A. 30% as lower as B. as 30% low as C. lower 30% than D. 30% lower than
2. 特别注意复合形容词的表达方法:
three-year-old boys, man’s four-legged friend, etc.
特别注意 -ed型及 -ing型形容词的不同之处:
前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修饰引发该感受的人或事；或说，
前者通常带有被动或完成意义，后者则通常带有主动意义，如
boiling water (沸腾的水) Û boiled water (煮开了的水)
a pleasing voice (悦耳的嗓音) Û a pleased look (满意的表情)
例题
1) The three judges in China’s Got Talent were moved to tears by the _____ story of the young couple.
A. touch B. touching C. touched D. being touched
2) Wen Jiabao, Premier of the RPC, tends to comfort _____ victims on the spot as soon as he can.
A. disasters-stricken B. disaster-stricken C. disasters stricken D. disaster stricken
3) Every day the dustmen collect as many as _____ from the river.
A. ten tons’ garbage B. ten-ton-garbages C. ten ton’s garbage D. ten tons garbages
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4) Many students signed up for the _____ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A. 800-metre-long B. 800-metres-long C. 800 metre length D. 800 metres length
5) It is believed that if a book is _____, it will surely _____ the reader.
A. interested…interest B. interesting…be interested
C. interested…be interesting D. interesting…interest
3. 特别注意so / such的结构:
such修饰名词(直接置于名词词组前，如a nice girl → such a nice girl)，so修饰形容词或副词(故其后直接跟形容词或副词)，such / so结构类似于what / how的固定结构；当such修饰可数名词单数时可将其与so结构互换；若such修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时则无法互换；当many, few, little, much表“多少”修饰名词时只能用so；若little不表多少，且修饰可数名词单数时只能用such
特别注意the more …, the more … 结构:
其中形容词、副词根据其对应的比较级形式替换“the more”，结构中常伴有省略或倒装
特别注意too much与much too的区别:
too much + n. [U] 而much too + a. 谨记“什么结尾接什么”，如too一般修饰形容词，故词组以too结尾后接形容词
注意too … to … 的结构常带有否定含义，注意其搭配:
too nice a man to be true
例题
1) Leukemia (白血病) is _____ disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into our heart.
A. a so dreadful B. so dreadful a C. such dreadful D. a such dreadful
2) Generally speaking, the harder your work is, _____.
A. the less you’ll have free time B. you’ll have less free time
C. the less free time will you have D. the less free time you’ll have
3) The more skill a man has, _____.
A. the more he has opportunities for jobs B. the more opportunities he has for jobs
C. the more opportunities does he have D. the many more opportunities has he
4) We were in _____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so anxious a rush D. such anxious a rush
5) It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _____.
A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much
6) The London Philharmonic Orchestra is going to play a Mozart symphony at the Shanghai Grand Theatre next month, which is _____ to miss.
A. a too nice chance B. too nice a chance C. too nice chance D. too a nice chance
4. 特别关注比较级、最高级词组的深层含义，如
He is the last one I want to meet. = I don’t want to meet him.
I have never seen a higher building. = This is the highest building I have ever seen.
He is taller than any other student. = He is the tallest student.
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例题
1) The teachers are so boring. I have never attended a _____ tutorial center before.
A. bad B. worst C. worse D. better
2) – Did you enjoy your journey to Hainan?
– Yes. I have never been to a _____ place before.
A. beautiful B. most beautiful C. more beautiful D. less beautiful
3) Of all the times I’d ever talked with him, this was _____ conversation we’d ever had.
A. the strangest B. the stranger C. a stranger D. a strange
4) Of the two sisters, Alice is _____ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
5) Of the two phones, I’d choose _____ one to spare some money for books.
A. the most expensive B. the more expensive C. the least expensive D. the less expensive
5. 特别注意常见的as … as … 词组，如
as long as, as far as, as soon as
特别注意形式相近的词组，如
more … than …, more than, no more than, not more than
能根据题意选择合适的比较级或最高级
例题
1) After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _____ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as
2) A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds _____ strong as 113 miles per hour.
A. too B. very C. so D. as
3) In my view, London’s not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _____ in traffic.
A. the most organized B. more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as
4) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _____ of my friends.
A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully
5) Some think you can relieve stress by throwing plates against a wall _____ you can because of worst financial crisis.
A. as harder as B. as hard as C. as much as hard D. as hard so
二、 介词
6. 重点掌握常见的介词用法及固定搭配，如
at the end of, within / beyond
重点区分如between与among等词之间的区别
注意从句中介词的搭配，如
to some extent
I don’t have a pen to write with.
例题
1) Some people always take the risk of crossing the street _____ moving vehicles.
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A. among B. in C. along D. between
2) It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which price changes will affect supply and demand.
A. from B. with C. for D. to
3) There was an accident _____ the crossroads at midnight last night.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
4) Many households in my neighborhood hire housemaids, who are paid _____ the hour.
A. to B. for C. by D. over
5) People often hurry the child _____ his natural learning speed but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and great worry in the child.
A. beyond B. from C. in D. by
6) We talked _____ a cup of tea.
A. with B. by C. over D. at
7) It saves much time and raises efficiency in class to have what you use a lot _____ easy reach.
A. near B. upon C. within D. around
8) A newly designed robot can show the customers _____ the exhibition hall and say farewells at the end of the tour.
A. around B. about C. into D. at
9) The small shopkeeper was busy from dawn _____ dust but he was always well organized.
A. at B. on C. till D. in
10) An international conference _____ community service is going to be held next month.
A. at B. in C. for D. on
7. 重点掌握常见的含介词的动词词组搭配，如
congratulate sb. on, shake hands with, provide sb. with sth., provide sth. for sb.
accuse / assure / convince / cure / inform / relieve / remind / rob / warn sb. of sth.,
blame sb. for sth., blame sth. on sb.
例题
1) What I am convinced _____ is that the world’s population will grow to an unforeseen extent.
A. for B. in C. with D. of
2) It was not until the second year that he adapted himself _____ the college life.
A. in B. to C. at D. on
3) Washington, the capital of the United States, is named _____ a former president in American history.
A. of B. after C. to D. as
8. 除需掌握常见的介词搭配外，介词试题还需特别审题，以免直接根据固定搭配作出判断忽略句子成分，大意失荆州，如
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.
此处若根据搭配differ from选择from则忽略了in size and shape此处作状语
例题
1) The Internet is growing rapidly because it provides fast access _____ news and a chance to comment on it.
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A. for B. of C. to D. with
2) What is the difference _____ pronunciation between these two words?
A. from B. in C. of D. by
3) A new study shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts ____ stress and help you become healthier.
A. in B. of C. on D. at
4) We should prevent pollution _____ happily.
A. to live B. for living C. from living D. living
9. 许多动词、名词、形容词后常可跟许多不同的介词(或副词)表示不同的含义，或根据介词宾语的不同调整介词，也需关注
常见的可跟不同介词(或副词)的动词包括agree, break, call, come, get, give, go, keep, look, make, put, set, take等，常见的可跟不同介词的形容词包括be famous for / to / as …, sth. be familiar to sb. Û sb. be familiar with sth. 等
例题
1) Barcelona is famous, among other things, _____ its outstanding architecture.
A. as B. for C. of D. to
2) How can we make it _____ to them for all the worry we’ve caused them?
A. off B. for C. out D. up
3) With the economic crisis ____ hand, and the unemployment rate on the rise, career planning will definitely benefit you.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
三、 代词
10. 能根据句意区分意思相近的代词，如
both, all, either, neither, every, each, any, no one
表示“全体”可用all和both，但all指三个或以上的人或物，both指两个人或物
表示“全体都不”的意思，当指三个或以上的人或物通常用none，间或也可用no one，但no one只能指人，若表示两个人或物则通常用neither
表示全体中的“每个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上的人或物，通常用every，若该“全体”含两个或以上的人或物，通常用each；every与each区别还在于every指“每个”，侧重于“全体”，近乎all的含义，而each则指“各个”，侧重于“个别”
表示全体中的“任何一个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上，通常用any，若该“全体”只包含两个，通常用either；特殊地，在on either side, on either end等词组中either可兼指两个
又如the other(s), other(s)
带 -s的词(指others / the others)为代词，不带 -s的可修饰名词；the other指的是一定范围内除去一部分后的全体，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全体
例题
1) Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for _____ two weeks.
A. another B. other C. the other D. other’s
2) No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _____.
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A. others B. the other C. either D. another
3) I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out.
A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone
4) – Do you want tea or coffee?
– _____. I really don’t mind.
A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All
5) – Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
– But _____ of them are in fashion now.
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
11. 反身代词、物主代词、人称代词等也是高考的一个重点
反身代词常与dress, seat, buy, find, enjoy, behave, stretch, express, help等搭配
另一考点在于宾格、属格的选择问题上，常见于动名词，如
ü I don’t mind John / John’s / him / his buying another one.
ü They caught him cheating on the exam.
û They caught his cheating on the exam.
ü His coming late made me angry.
û Him / He coming late made me angry.
例题
1) – Who called me this morning when I was out?
– A man calling _____ Robert.
A. him B. himself C. his D. /
2) Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
3) The teachers asked their children to behave _____ when they were in class.
A. them B. they C. themselves D. their
四、 反意疑问句、并列句、感叹句
12. 反意疑问句是高考间或出现的一个语法项，需特别注意:
反意疑问句陈述部分出现如never, seldom, hardly的词
否定前移问题
缩略式’s (或’d)的含义问题
祈使句的反意疑问句
反意疑问句的简短问句中的代词问题
“看主不看从”，并列句就近原则
let’s与let us
能根据句意判断并列句所用词，注意诸如furthermore, however等词非连词
在判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词时，注意句子中的and, or等词是否存在，句子是否为祈使句
感叹句结构类似于so / such结构
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例题
1) You and I can hardly work together, _____?
A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we
2) That they failed to collect enough money for the project discouraged the manager, _____?
A. did they B. did it C. didn’t they D. didn’t it
3) The photography exhibition was a great success in the United States, _____ the organizers have decided to take it to the UK.
A. but B. although C. for D. so
4) _____ several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it properly.
A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. I’ve shown her
5) ______ to dive into water from high board!
A. What a fun it is B. How funny it is C. How fun it is D. What fun it is
6) There must have been something wrong with him, _____ he had never lost his way in a big city.
A. for B. and C. but D. or
7) The boys have been playing computers for a long time, and they should have stopped doing it, because they will have to prepare for the exam tomorrow, _____ they?
A. have B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. didn’t
五、 动词的时态、语态 非谓语动词
13. 当句子结构、成分复杂时，许多学生很难分清哪里该填谓语动词、非谓语动词，若单凭句意解题很容易导致错选，此时“结构最大(Structure First Principle)”原理就能派上大用场了，“结构最大”指的是
一般情况下，一句句子中只允许有一个谓语动词；若要添加一个谓语动词，则需加入一个连词；若不增加连词，则需将谓语动词转变为非谓语动词；一般情况下，将句中所省略的连词全部补全，若有连词个，则从句有个，谓语动词有个
非一般情况: 谓语动词n联动，如
During the holiday, we visited the scenic spots, discovered the forest, enjoyed the traditional food and had a spa experience in the village.
例题
1) To balance a budget is to show that the sum of a man’s earnings _____ the sum of his expenditures.
A. equals B. equal C. equaled D. equaling
2) _____ several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it properly.
A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. I’ve shown her
3) The kind of books an author writes _____ on the kind of man who he is.
A. depending B. depend C. depended D. depends
14. 谓语动词(词组)的时态、语态需注意:
根据上下文情况(包括对话语气、内容以及last year等的时态提示词)设定基准时态(过去、现在、将来)，判断空格动作与已知动作的时态先后关系；熟记一些常见短语时态搭配关系(如when引导的时间状语从句等)；注意动词是否为不及物动词(即一般不用被动语态，如take place)；注意特殊动词(如belong to)一般不用将来时，无被动；注意真正的被动语态定包含①8
be或其变形②动词过去分词两部分，在注意动词是否该使用被动语态时，还需注意诸如be doing, had done, have been doing等都非被动语态；注意特殊动词(如prove, taste, blame)一般不用被动；注意最常见的“主将从现”
例题
1) Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _____ home.
A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write
2) – Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
– Terry? Never! She _____ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
3) In recent years many football clubs _____ as business to make a profit.
A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run
4) Once a satellite _____ into orbit round Pluto, scientists will be able to find a great deal.
A. will be put B. has been put C. would be put D. was put
5) – Did you tidy your room?
– No, I was going to tidy my room but I _____ visitors.
A. had B. have C. have had D. will have
15. 非谓语动词中的一大考点即to do与doing的选择，弄清哪些动词后必须直接跟doing，哪些动词后必须直接跟to do，哪些动词后可加宾语再加doing或to do，哪些动词后跟doing, to do意思有区别等(一般将诸如advise sb. to do记作固定搭配即可)
注意to到底是不定式符号还是介词
注意let, see等动词对非谓语动词的选择情况以及to的还原问题
注意动词不定式的to省略问题
注意分清句子结构再确定该选择何种非谓语动词
例题
1) I’m sure that the editor will spare no effort to do everything he ought to _____ informed of what is going on in the world each day.
A. keep us B. keep us be C. to keep us be D. to keep us
2) Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use _____ with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. have argued
3) There is nothing more I can try _____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
4) The day we had been looking forward to _____ at last.
A. come B. came C. coming D. be coming
5) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
6) Do you mean that you object to them _____ burning cigarette ends about?
A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left
7) David made up his mind to devote all his life _____ the sick _____ a better life.
A. to helping…living B. to helping…to live C. to help…to live D. to help…living
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16. 非谓语动词虽无时的标记，但却有体、态的变化，即也需考虑时态、语态，如doing可根据情况变换为having been done, having done等；特别注意不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词的不同句法功能(可以不过多区分动名词、现在分词)；注意being done / having done / having been done等都是动名词或现在分词的变形，而非过去分词的变形，过去分词只有done一种形式，故being done可作句子主语而done不行；注意非谓语动词的主语
例题
1) The advertisement has been heard _____ three times today.
A. to broadcast B. have broadcast C. broadcasting D. broadcast
2) _____ to the sun for at least two hours every day is helpful to the growth of our bones.
A. Exposed B. Exposing C. Being exposed D. Having exposed
3) More and more trees were found _____ for lack of water in that area.
A. having died B. died C. to die D. to be dying
4) According to a WHO press release, studies show that young people are more likely to start smoking if _____ to tobacco advertising.
A. they expose B. being exposed C. exposing D. exposed
17. 非谓语动词还有许多细节地方需要引起注意，如
否定词(not等)、人称代词的位置问题、主语一致性问题
特殊的动词have也有些需注意的地方，如
have … do / doing / done / to be done的区别
例题
1) _____ Sichuan cuisine before, we had to watch our stomachs.
A. Never having tried B. Never have we tried C. Having never tried D. Never been tried
2) Returning from class, _____.
A. he found a letter in the mailbox B. a letter was in the mailbox
C. a letter was found in the mailbox D. the mailbox had a letter in it
3) Tiger Woods said that he needed to have his attention _____ on being a better husband, father and person.
A. focusing B. focus C. be focused D. focused
六、 情态动词
18. 了解常见情态动词的基本含义，能根据句意选择合适的情态动词，如
can / could表能力、允许、请求，否定形式can’t表不可能
may / might表允许、请求、祝愿
must表必须，否定形式mustn’t表不许，needn’t作“没必要”也可为must否定形式
shall表允诺、警告、命令
should / ought to表应该，表示“惊奇”、“赞叹”等情绪
will / would表意愿、征求意见
特别注意上述情态动词表示推测的可能性大小:

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例题
1) You can’ imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
2) Black holes _____ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
3) His appearance has changed so much that you _____ not recognize him.
A. may B. need C. must D. ought
19. 特别注意“情态动词 + be doing / have done”含义，如
modal auxiliary + be doing一般表示现在或将来，有应当、想必、可能正在等含义
can’t / couldn’t have done 过去不可能 must have done 过去必然发生
may / might have done 过去可能发生却未发生 ought to / should have done 过去应该做却未做
could have done 过去可以完成却未完成(委婉、遗憾)
needn’t have done表示没必要做但已做完，didn’t need to表示没必要做且未做
注意边际情态助动词(即兼作实义动词的情态动词)的判别(need / dare)
例题
1) – Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
– Great! You _____ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
2) I was really worried about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. shouldn’t leave B. needn’t have left C. couldn’t leave D. shouldn’t have left
3) He _____ a restless person. He kept moving from country to country.
A. might be B. must have been C. should be D. could have been
4) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t. He _____ his mind.
A. can’t have changed B. wouldn’t have changed
C. must have changed D. shouldn’t have changed
5) They dared not ask the librarian for help, _____ they?
A. did B. dare C. dared D. didn’t
七、 句法（从属分句）
20. 确定较复杂句子中的连词问题，可先划分句子结构做出选择，再通过“结构最大”原理复核一遍连词数量与谓语动词数量是否符合关系
例题
1) One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that what C. that D. which
2) Mother made a promise _____ I passed the college entrance examination she would buy me a mobile phone.
A. that B. if that C. that if D. that weather
21. 英语语法中存在着以下的对立关系，如
主动语态Û被动语态 陈述句Û疑问句 简单句Û复合句
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在做句法题目时，不必拘泥于试题，如果疑问形式不方便选择则可以变成陈述形式选择，如果复合句不方便选择则可以先去除修饰成分变成简单句选择；选择题时经常会用到排除法(或称排斥法)，在完全排除的选项旁做好记号可以有效避免误选
例题
1) Who _____ has common sense will do such a silly thing _____ you did?
A. which…what B. who…as C. whom…that D. that…as
2) Is this _____ we met each other two years ago?
A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which
3) That is the only way we can imagine _____ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
4) Is it in that factory _____ Red Flag cars are made?
A. in which B. where C. that D. which
22. 做有关从句的试题时，分清从句类型(即分句类型)能一定程度上降低选择难度
判断是何种从句的方法:
从句在整个句子中所充当的成分即从句类型，这不同于连词在从句中充当的成分
此时结合一些“规律”则可排除一些可以答案，这些“规律”可以是
what一般不作定语从句连接词
此外，对于可省可不省的连词，牢记“不省总是对的”
从句问题还需注意其语序问题，这也是一个考察点
例题
1) I believe _____ you’ve done your best and _____ things will improve.
A. that…/ B. /…/ C. what…that D. /…that
2) I can tell you _____ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
3) His success was because of _____ he had been working hard.
A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact
4) Now we can see _____ problem the population is.
A. a what serious B. such serious a C. how serious a D. so a serious
5) I really don’t know _____ I had my money stolen.
A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that
23. 名词性从句、状语从句试题需特别注意:
whether与if的选择问题是一个考点，两者各有优劣，whether在表示“是否”含义时的适用范围比if大，而在表示“如果”含义时则只能用if，注意特殊动词doubt表示“有疑问”，故其后一般使用whether，若为not doubt则表示肯定，故其后一般使用that；还需注意whether的拼写(whether vs. weather)
特殊地，一些被称为边际从属连词的名词或名词短语(如the minute, each time, the first time等)可直接充当连词引导时间状语从句，根据“结构最大”原理，一般无需when等词一起引导
-ever系列需与两组词分清区别，一组是no matter系列，一般地，能用no matter系列的地方12
都可用 -ever代替，但反之则不然，原因是no matter系列只能引导让步状语从句，故易得 -ever系列比no matter系列用途广，另一组需要区分的是 -ever系列与无 -ever系列(即whatever与what)，两者区别在于一般 -ever系列强调“任何”含义，故其一般无特定范围
注意相近词的区别，如when vs. while, because vs. for
特别注意同位语从句等从句中的割裂
正规语体中，还需特别注意the reason的表语从句的固定形式为
the reason why … is / was that … ①
正规语体中套色词that不能替换为because，此外，①句型也可转化为②句型
This / That / It is because … that … ②
例题
1) The reason _____ he didn’t come was _____ he was injured.
A. that…because B. why…that C. why…because D. that…that
2) You see the lightning _____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant B. for an instant C. the instant when D. in an instant
3) They have a doubt _____ this scientist can make of such material.
A. what B. whether C. how D. if
4) _____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
24. 定语从句中的语法细节较多，其中需特别注意的包括:
无论何种定语从句，定可使用还原法
“众所周知”的多种表达方法，如as is known to all / as we all know / it is known to all that
what一般不引导定语从句，that既可引导定语从句也可引导其他从句(如宾语从句)
that vs. which及连接词的省略情况
the way的定语从句
定语从句the one / one的区别、the one of与one of的主谓一致问题
the same / such … as / that结构选择as / that的区别；those / anyone / he who的主谓一致
prep. + whom / which / whose + (n.) 结构
in which等仅在定语从句中才有可能与where互换
特殊的in that表示因为
注意定语从句的割裂现象，划分清楚从句成分再选择
定语从句介词补全问题、介词选择问题
区分同位语从句与定语从句
例题
1) Don’t leave the chocolates _____ Cathy can get them. They are not good for teeth.
A. whether B. in which C. where D. unless
2) The old man, _____ help we visited Tibet last year, was one of the first professional guides.
A. who B. under whose C. with whose D. whose
3) Never let those who are too weak _____ such a heavy box.
A. to carry B. carrying C. carry D. carried
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4) He spent as much as he could _____ me a book.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought
5) _____ is generally accepted, protecting water resources will become an issue of the utmost importance in the new century.
A. What B. That C. Which D. As
6) They could only read such stories _____ had been rewritten in simple English.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
7) The Great Wall of China is such a good place _____ everyone wants to go and visit _____ it is well-known all over the world.
A. that…that B. as…as C. as…that D. that…as
25. 倒装句需特别注意的包括:
前置引起倒装
留心会引起倒装的词汇(如only、否定词等)，能一眼识别
留心虽前置词汇但不引起倒装的情况(如only + 主语、副词在句首但主语是人称代词等)
特别注意as的倒装结构(无冠名词)，倒装结构中as (虽然)必须倒装，though可倒装可不倒装，although绝不能倒装
特别注意hardly (scarcely, etc.) … when及no sooner … than结构
not only … but also … 的倒装(but also倒装吗?)
so, neither的倒装(主语一致不倒装，主语不一致反而要倒装)
not … until句型的倒装
例题
1) – Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.
– _____.
A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does
2) I got in his old truck and off _____ to one of the far corners of the farm to fix the fences.
A. did we go B. we went C. we did go D. went we
3) So involved with their computers _____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
A. became the children B. become the children
C. had the children become D. do the children become
4) Two hours away from the tall buildings of New York _____.
A. some of the world’s largest bears live
B. there lives some of the world’s largest bears
C. do some of the world’s largest bears live
D. live some of the world’s largest bears
5) Not until the game had begun _____ at the sports ground.
A. he arrived B. he would have arrived
C. did he arrive D. should he have arrived
6) _____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quite student as he may be
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C. Quiet student as he may be D. As he may be a quiet student
八、 其他（主要包括强调句、it结构、存在句、省略、替代、平衡结构）
26. 强调句间或会出现在高考语法选择题中，需特别注意的有:
强调句可表示为It is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 其余成分
判断强调句的方法: 去掉It is / was 与that / who 后语序稍作调整，句子结构仍然是完整的
在判断是强调句之后则可确定其结构，此时也可确定that / who而非where, what等词
注意强调句的疑问句式
区别强调句与一些类似强调句的句子结构
例题
1) It is _____ he often fails in exams _____ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what…that B. that…what C. that…that D. /…that
2) It was _____ he went to college _____ to learn Japanese.
A. not until…that he began B. until…that he didn’t begin
C. until…that he began D. not until…be didn’t begin
3) _____ crime in this area has increased so much over the last 20 years?
A. Why is it that B. Why it is that C. Why is it D. Why it is
27. it / there句型间或也会出现在语法选择题中，需要注意的包括:
it作形式主语、形式宾语句型，特别注意并非任何动词词组都可以转变为it的形式宾语句型，常见动词包括think, consider, believe, find, feel, make等，特别注意it的形宾结构的真正宾语可为不定式或that从句，若句中存在后置的名词(短语)作动词的宾语，则无需使用it作形式宾语，常见于make … possible句型中
it / there存在着许多的固定搭配，需牢记在心，并分清哪里用it，哪里用there，特殊句型中的时态也需引起重视
例题
1) The efforts made by the researchers _____ possible the appearance of a new life-saving medicine.
A. were made B. made C. made it D. were made it
2) _____ is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them.
A. This B. As C. There D. It
3) _____ can be no doubt _____ genetic engineering is a wonderful new tool, whose possibilities are limited only by man’s imagination.
A. There…that B. There…whether C. It…whether D. It…that
28. 省略、替代需特别注意的有:
分清从句连词何时可省，何时不可，哪一类从句连词不能省略
对于可省可不省的连词，牢记“不省略总是对的”
注意替代词的区别，that指物不指人，可特指[C]单数或[U]，指代复数名词改用those；the one则可指代人也可指代物，且特指[C]单数
注意句中的“平衡结构”
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例题
1) The information he gave us is more important than _____ we got ourselves.
A. one B. those C. that D. the one
2) By the end of last term, he had written to a number of colleges, received three letters of acceptance, and _____ two campuses.
A. saw B. seen C. seeing D. to see
3) I was advised _____ write the hotel for reservations.
A. to either telephone or to B. either to telephone or to
C. that I should telephone or to D. I ought either to telephone or
4) Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people _____.
A. do B. hear C. do them D. hearing it
v 编后语
由于英语语法的某些板块中涉及的内容较广，细节较多，所以即使是精通英语语法的人，在语法选择题上犯错误也是难免的。对语法功底并不扎实的考生更是如此。常言道，吃一堑长一智，如果在犯错之后，考生能够加以分析，并将其记录下来，在考试之前再进行审查，一定程度上就能避免再次在同一点上犯错的几率。


v 综合演练
说明：以下附上的是从近年各类试题中精选出的语法综合题，每套16题，难度各有不同，供选用
(1)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. I thought there would be many colleagues who had already arrived, but to my surprise, when I got in, I found _____.
A. none B. no one C. nobody D. nothing
2. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m., so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. until B. after C. by D. around
3. _____ mainly for the invention of telephone, Alexander Graham Bell mostly devoted his life to helping the deaf.
A. He is remembered B. To remember C. While remembering D. Though remembered
4. His explanation was so clear that everyone could understand it with _____.
A. possibly the least effort B. the least effort possibly
C. the possible least effort D. the least possible effort
5. I didn’t expect them _____ for me when I arrived there.
A. to wait B. to be waiting C. were waiting D. to have waited
6. – Would you like to go to the concert with me, Mary?
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– I have got no interest in it; _____, I have lots of work to do.
A. otherwise B. besides C. however D. therefore
7. More than 3, 000 students will take part in the contest, _____ 200 will be picked out for the finals.
A. where B. of them C. of which D. when
8. Though I _____ to go abroad, I changed my mind and decided to stay with my family.
A. had wanted B. wanted C. would want D. did want
9. The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to _____ by others.
A. be noticed B. being noticed C. having been noticed D. have been noticed
10. _____ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.
A. Taken B. Taking C. Being taken D. Having been taken
11. Nothing in my life has meant _____ to me as his praise.
A. as much B. more C. that much D. as good
12. The prize winner stood on the platform, _____. He could hardly keep back his tears.
A. excited B. excitedly C. exciting D. calmly
13. The first question, probably too difficult for the students, needn’t _____.
A. answering B. to be answered C. be answered D. answer
14. Will you see to _____ that my birds _____ after well while I’m away?
A. it…will be looked B. yourself…are looked C. it…are looked D. me…will be looked
15. By industry, I don’t mean _____ usually thought of when that word is associated with companies and factories.
A. that we B. what is C. as you D. all has
16. _____ does business with that man is sure to lose money.
A. No matter who B. Whoever C. Who D. Anyone
(2)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Like healthy diet, physical activity plays an important role _____ a healthy lifestyle.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. You may choose _____ of the two books and leave the other for your desk mate.
A. both B. neither C. either D. all
3. The man you saw in the meeting room just now _____ be Mr. Johnson; he is on a business trip in Asia.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4. Taking the functions into consideration, I finally bought _____ expensive one of the two cameras.
A. the most B. the more C. most D. more
5. Green plants can make their own food, _____ there is sunlight, carbon dioxide in the air and water and minerals in the soil.
A. so long as B. even though C. so that D. even if
6. According to the scientists, the growth of wisdom continues after the 40s, 50s and even 60s, _____?
A. is it B. doesn’t it C. don’t they D. do they
17
7. I felt bored and was about to turn off the TV _____ something interesting suddenly attracted my attention.
A. while B. because C. when D. since
8. So little _____ French that I had a lot of trouble in communicating with local people when travelling in France.
A. I did know B. I knew C. I know D. did I know
9. The opening ceremony _____ as planned tomorrow morning unless it rains.
A. will hold B. is held C. will be held D. holds
10. _____ on volunteers many times, the new medicine for bird flu will be put into market pretty soon.
A. To be tested B. Having tested C. Having been tested D. Being tested
11. Sydney has many attractions _____ tourists can enjoy — Koala Bear Park, the Opera House — just name some.
A. which B. where C. what D. when
12. Then came an announcement over the speaker, saying Flight MU565 from Sydney _____ for an hour.
A. had delayed B. had been delayed C. was being delayed D. had been delaying
13. We have plenty of Coke and juice in the fridge. _____ is no need to buy more drinks.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
14. Some students enroll themselves in various tutorial centers, simply _____ more and have better performance in exams.
A. learning B. learned C. learn D. to learn
15. A recent survey reveals that thirty-six percent of home Internet users have been spending less time _____ TV since they started using the Internet.
A. to watch B. watching C. watch D. to watching
16. The fact _____ English is a global language is not surprising when considering the great number of speakers of English throughout the world.
A. whether B. how C. that D. which
(3)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The company has now introduced a policy that pay rises are related _____ performance at work.
A. for B. to C. on D. of
2. The first information you see or learn about someone weighs more heavily than any that you learn _____.
A. late B. later C. latest D. the latest
3. A true friend is the one that is coming in the door while _____ else is going out.
A. everyone B. no one C. nobody D. somebody
4. It is really surprising that the hotel _____ heavily booked even at this time of the year.
A. should be B. would be C. must be D. might be
5. If you read a lot of books, you’re considered well-read. _____, if you watch a lot of TV, you’re not 18
considered well-viewed.
A. Furthermore B. However C. Meanwhile D. Therefore
6. “As long as I have breath left to me.” he said, “I _____ to do this work.”
A. am continuing B. continue C. will continue D. would continue
7. One way of gradually getting learners to understand most of a text the first time _____ they hear it, is to use parallel texts.
A. / B. when C. where D. which
8. Hackers (黑客), worms and virus have more opportunities to attack your computers is you _____ to the Internet constantly.
A. are connected B. are connecting C. will connect D. will be connected
9. Augustus was one of the first teachers in his country _____ disabled students to pursue a secondary education.
A. encouraged B. encouraging C. being encouraged D. to encourage
10. A large part of the workforce (劳动力) once _____ in agriculture has now rushed into big cities.
A. employed B. employing C. being employed D. was employed
11. The better prepared teachers are, the more likely it is that teachers will be ready to deal with _____ happens in the class.
A. whatever B. whenever C. no matter what D. no matter when
12. Very few houses were left _____ in the village after the tsunami.
A. stand B. stood C. standing D. to stand
13. Some people take the view _____ a newspaper is like a store with many windows, each of _____ should be dressed to the same high standard.
A. /…which B. that…them C. which…them D. that…which
14. I didn’t see anyone in the garden that night. _____ any noise there.
A. Either I didn’t hear B. Neither heard I C. Neither I heard D. Nor did I hear
15. The little boy tried to play truant yesterday, _____ by his father.
A. had been caught B. having been caught C. always being caught D. only to be caught
16. It was only when I reread the poem recently _____ I began to appreciate its beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. when
(4)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. It was reported that the employment fair was crowded _____ so many university graduates.
A. of B. to C. for D. with
2. To handle the delicate situation, you must be _____.
A. more than careful B. more carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful
3. Unlike _____ blood cells, white cells can divide and reproduce.
A. another B. other C. the other D. others
4. He never realized that it was impolite to be late for the party, _____?
A. was it B. wasn’t it C. didn’t he D. did he
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5. He was _____ exhausted after running for nearly an hour _____ lift his legs.
A. so…as to B. very…to C. too…to D. so…that
6. I _____ Vague when he telephoned me, telling me that amazing news.
A. am reading B. was reading C. read D. would read
7. _____ I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.
A. As though B. As much C. Much as D. Little as
8. Each time he saw the nice picture sent by his French pen-pal, he feels like _____ a trip to Paris to visit the Eiffel Tower.
A. to make B. making C. made D. make
9. Never take _____ he says for granted. He is not reliable.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
10. It is rather cold here. They _____ have turned off the heater several hours ago.
A. can B. must C. ought to D. need
11. I don’t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
12. He transplanted the rare flowers to the botanic garden _____ it was the best time for them.
A. where B. when C. until D. that
13. That Senior Three student expressed his wish that he could enjoy a care-free winter holiday, _____, unluckily, was hardly possible.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
14. No advertisement so far _____ can have the same effect as this one.
A. made B. has been made C. being made D. to be made
15. Just in front of our house _____ with a history of 1, 000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
16. It is not how much you read but _____ you read _____ counts.
A. that…that B. that…what C. what…that D. which…what
(5)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, whose days are limited, is full _____ difficulties.
A. with B. in C. to D. of
2. We have _____ reason to believe that he will succeed.
A. all B. each C. every D. any
3. Children’s being addicted to the Internet is _____ to be dealt with by education department alone.
A. too a complex and serious a problem B. too complex and serious a problem
C. much complex and serious a problem D. so complex and serious a problem
4. – Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?
– No, you _____ because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to D. ought not to
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5. I’m sure you’d rather he stayed in London, _____?
A. wouldn’t you B. aren’t I C. didn’t he D. hadn’t I
6. Sorry, we are late. We _____ the wrong turning.
A. had taken B. were taking C. took D. are taking
7. Fashion designers are very creative: not only _____ the material into different shapes, but also make patterns form different colors.
A. they change B. do they change C. they have changed D. have they changed
8. Every city came up with its own individual program to have visitors thoroughly _____ during the World Cup.
A. being entertained B. entertaining C. entertained D. to entertain
9. The doctor decided to have the _____ part _____, because the patient was seriously injured.
A. infecting…removed B. infected…removed C. infecting…removing D. infected…removing
10. The king who ruled ancient Egypt more than 3, 000 years ago, very likely died from an infection _____ from a broken leg.
A. resulted B. resulting C. having resulted D. to result
11. _____ on the new definition of a planet in August 2006, Pluto is no longer a planet.
A. Being based B. To base C. Based D. Having based
12. AIDS is said _____ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. that is has been C. to be D. to have been
13. EBay, Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites _____ people can sell goods to each other.
A. where B. which C. when D. whose
14. _____ students with difficulties in their studies want most of all is more love and concern.
A. That B. When C. What D. Those
15. _____ we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few.
A. That B. While C. Since D. Once
16. That e-book is no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen _____ you can read novels.
A. in which B. that C. where D. of which
(6)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The president refused to comment _____ the election result.
A. to B. in C. of D. on
2. She does her work a great deal _____ than anyone else in the office.
A. much careful B. more careful C. much carefully D. more carefully
3. – My desktop computer recently crashed, and I lost all the pictures we had collected.
– I can’t believe we did all that work for _____.
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
4. What he had discovered in the experiment helped us a lot, _____?
A. hadn’t he B. didn’t he C. hadn’t it D. didn’t it
21
5. Pumpkins are believed to have originated in North America, _____ seeds from related plants have been found dating back to 7000 B.C.
A. as B. which C. where D. whose
6. The photography exhibition was a great success in the United States. The organizers have decided, _____, to take the exhibition to the UK.
A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. furthermore
7. _____ you promise to come to my house warming party, I don’t mind what time tomorrow you arrive at my place.
A. So long as B. So far as C. In case D. Unless
8. Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still survives — now history lovers _____ to choose a new list of seven.
A. have invited B. are being invited C. have been inviting D. are inviting
9. The Beatles were the first British band _____ major success in the United States.
A. to achieve B. achieving C. achieved D. having achieved
10. Not until the beginning of the 19th century _____ that all matter is made up of atoms.
A. scientists knew B. knew scientists C. that scientists knew D. did scientists know
11. Did he tell you _____ he came here for the day before yesterday?
A. when B. why C. what D. which
12. In order to jump, your body changes the chemical energy _____ in the food you have eaten into mechanical energy.
A. stored B. storing C. being stored D. having stored
13. You are saying that everyone should take equal responsibility, and that is _____ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
14. She _____ have written to him because he phoned her shortly afterwards.
A. ought to B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
15. Getting good sleep may be one of the answers to _____ a healthy weight.
A. maintain B. have maintained C. be maintained D. maintaining
16. If you stay over four years in this country, you will have to have your visa _____ to one more year.
A. extend B. to extend C. extending D. extended
(7)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Though the two musical instruments are different in appearance, they are _____ the same quality.
A. of B. from C. at D. with
2. Alice doesn’t know which reference book is more suitable for her, so she will read _____.
A. all B. both C. each D. either
3. David _____ full marks in the test, but he was so careless as to make a few spelling mistakes.
A. can gain B. must have gained C. may gain D. could have gained
4. Although I _____ English for ten years before I came to the U.S., I still felt that I could not communicate with others freely.
22
A. have learned B. had learned C. have been learning D. was learning
5. I feel it a great honor _____ to speak and share my ideas with you.
A. to invite B. to be invited C. to have invited D. to have been inviting
6. It is a custom for North Americans to make frequent eye contact when _____.
A. talking B. are talking C. talked D. having talked
7. It is still unknown _____ the tickets for the football match can be available on the Internet.
A. what B. that C. how D. whether
8. When he woke up last night, he heard his mother _____ with someone on the phone.
A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. to be talking
9. To make Shanghai greener, _____.
A. more trees and flowers are being planted
B. many more trees and flowers need to be planted
C. our city needs more trees and flowers
D. we must plant more trees and flowers
10. Having your own apartment means that you can decorate it in _____ style you like.
A. however B. what C. whatever D. no matter what
11. No one denies the fact _____ air pollution is an extremely serious problem.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
12. _____ you say is important but how it is said makes the influence.
A. Which B. What C. Why D. When
13. As we all know, many things _____ impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering B. to consider C. being considered D. considered
14. Sea level is the point _____ we often measure how high things are.
A. whose B. which C. from which D. about which
15. _____ it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is lifelong learning.
A. Before B. After C. When D. While
16. On the Huangpu River _____, which attracts millions of visitors from all over the world.
A. stands the Oriental Pearl TV Tower B. stand the Oriental Pearl TV Tower
C. does the Oriental Pearl TV Tower stand D. the Oriental Pearl TV Tower stands
(8)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these failures _____ a necessary part of the learning process.
A. like B. as C. for D. to
2. People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against _____.
A. another B. others C. each other D. neither
3. – Did you lock the door?
– No. I _____, but I forgot.
23
A. should B. must have C. must D. should have
4. For me, art doesn’t have to show anything real. The less realistic a painting is, the _____ it fascinates me.
A. more B. most C. less D. least
5. The United States is one of the few countries in the world that have an official day _____ fathers are honoured by their children.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. for which
6. _____ all the required tests for a driving license, Mary felt a great weight taken off her mind.
A. Passed B. Passing C. Having passed D. Having been passed
7. At least 107 people were reported _____ in the accident yesterday.
A. were killed B. to be killed C. killed D. to have been killed
8. Many a time in life, whether a thing is worth doing or not really depends on _____ you look at it.
A. whether B. that C. what D. how
9. – You haven’t said a word about the theme of the class meeting, David. What’s your idea?
– I’m so sorry I _____ about something else.
A. was thinking B. thinking C. am thinking D. had thought
10. Nowhere else in the world _____ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.
A. you can find B. you have found C. can you found D. find you
11. In many countries, _____ kills an endangered animal could receive a serious fine.
A. anyone B. whomever C. who D. whoever
12. He has made up his mind to send his daughter abroad for schooling _____ it means he has to live a very poor life.
A. unless B. even if C. as if D. because
13. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
14. _____ by many successful models available, more and more young Chinese are now considering starting their own business.
A. Inspiring B. Being inspired C. Having inspired D. Inspired
15. My happiest moment was _____ I met my favorite author in a bookstore.
A. that B. what C. when D. because
16. Young people always prefer the quick pace and excitement of city life, _____ older people would rather live a peaceful life in the country.
A. while B. so C. as D. though
(9)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. In order to change the attitude _____ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
A. in B. with C. towards D. for
2. Everyone I know who has tried it has hurt _____ somehow.
24
A. itself B. herself C. themselves D. ourselves
3. To our surprise, some whales, even if _____ to the sea, seem very determined to re-strand (重新搁浅) themselves on the beach.
A. returning B. being returned C. returned D. to return
4. The life the businessman had long been used to _____ soon after the big failure of his business.
A. changing B. changed C. change D. changes
5. Jack Thompson has written a number of interesting short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the more B. the most C. better D. the best
6. As he never listened to others, I was surprised at his _____ your suggestion without any hesitation.
A. accepting B. to accept C. being accepted D. to be accepted
7. The interviewer should take down some notes while the person _____ is answering questions.
A. to be interviewed B. having been interviewed
C. being interviewed D. interviewed
8. What I don’t believe is _____ Chinese herb medicine doesn’t have any side effect on the patients who have taken it.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
9. In some countries where democratic system is adopted, _____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all the people there.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
10. You may borrow this dictionary _____ you keep it clean and return it in two weeks.
A. so far as B. as long as C. in case D. even if
11. – I was surprised that Kate wasn’t at the meeting yesterday.
– I guess that she _____ about it.
A. might not know B. should have know
C. shouldn’t have known D. might not have known
12. _____ most wolves rely on their groups for food and companionship, they have developed a system of signals to keep the groups together.
A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Where
13. In order to search for the escaped prisoner, the police decided to question _____ comes along the road.
A. those who B. who C. whoever D. whomever
14. What _____ Mrs. Miller, together with her family, bought in the shopping center the other day?
A. it was that B. was it C. was it that D. it was
15. The news came, as expected, _____ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
16. Peter has been busy these days and seldom _____ time to come over to have a chat with me.
A. does he have B. doesn’t he have C. he has D. hasn’t he

25
(10)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. There are some young ladies who spend a large amount of their income to keep up _____ the latest fashion.
A. to B. on C. with D. by
2. – You must have got _____ ready for next week’s meeting. See how relaxed you are.
– Not yet. I am still working on the invitation letters and seating arrangements.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of their children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
4. Moving to another city in the US is _____ bringing one’s belongs and remembering one’s nine-digit social security number.
A. as easy as B. as easily as C. so easy as D. so easily as
5. This newly-built stadium holds _____ the old one.
A. 10 times people as many as B. 10 times as many people as
C. as 10 times many people as D. people as many as 10 times
6. By the time the last joke _____, everyone burst out laughing, tears streaming from their eyes.
A. has been told B. is told C. had been told D. told
7. The train was ten minutes late, so I _____ have run all the way to the station.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
8. Brian told you there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, _____?
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. did he D. didn’t he
9. True friendship is like sound health. The value of it is seldom known _____ it is lost.
A. when B. though C. until D. since
10. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correcting B. to correct C. corrected D. being corrected
11. _____, but he still couldn’t understand the logical connection of the two subjects.
A. Having told many times B. Having been told many times
C. He was told many times D. Many times as he was told
12. _____ for young men to give their seats to the old or women with children on the bus!
A. How good manners they are B. What good manners they are
C. How good manners it is D. What good manners it is
13. I felt like going back to my worry-free childhood _____ I was innocent and natural and my very ambitious youth which was full of ideals.
A. that B. which C. when D. while
14. Join us on an exciting Circle Line Cruise and discover _____ over 50 million people have chosen Circle Line as the way to discover New York.
A. when B. whether C. if D. why
15. Because of the unexpected changes, they postponed _____ us a reply.
A. to give B. giving C. to giving D. given
26
16. Although first _____ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austin have remained popular around the world.
A. publishing B. being published C, published D. was published
(11)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. This company only hires people _____ some working experience and positive characters.
A. of B. for C. with D. in
2. _____ air pollution will rebound (反弹) in the coming years remains a great concern not only for the government, but also for local residents.
A. If B. That C. Whether D. /
3. I tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Smith without hurting the feeling of _____, but failed.
A. none B. either C. all D. neither
4. At the opening ceremony, athletes from different nations walked into the National Stadium, proudly _____ their countries’ flags.
A. waved B. waving C. to wave D. being waved
5. This feature on the website _____ yet, so nobody can use it.
A. isn’t activated B. hasn’t activated
C. hasn’t been activated D. didn’t activate
6. Meeting with difficulties, some see a hopeless end, _____ others see an endless hope.
A. so B. however C. while D. otherwise
7. Many graduates are feeling the cold of financial crisis this winter, _____ is having a severe effect on the job market.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
8. Li Na is China’s top ranked player and the first _____ into the world’s top 20.
A. breaking B. to break C. broken D. having broken
9. – I didn’t hear the cell phone. Did you call me just now?
– You _____ have heard it when you were in such a noisy crowd.
A. should B. couldn’t C. must D. might
10. When we read the book a second time we discover important things we _____ the first time.
A. missed B. missing C. have missed D. had missed
11. _____ certain measures are taken to fight the climate change, the beautiful islands will go forever.
A. If B. In case C. Unless D. On condition that
12. _____ 30 to 60 minutes before the voyage, the tablet is very effective against seasick.
A. Taking B. Having taken C. To take D. Taken
13. One of the reasons for risk-taking is _____ our body produces a chemical when we are doing extremely exciting things.
A. whether B. that C. what D. why
14. _____ made Barack Obama Time’s 2008 “Person of the Year”?
27
A. What was B. Was it what C. Why was it that D. What was it that
15. In the past few years, the Southern Asian nation witnessed its islands _____ by a tsunami (海啸) and typhoons.
A. to be destroyed B. having been destroyed
C. been destroyed D. destroyed
16. So little _____ to the plan that we had to make a new project.
A. did they agree B. agreed they C. they agreed D. didn’t they agree
(12)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Though men may be better _____ weightlifting, few jobs actually require physical strength these days.
A. to B. for C. with D. at
2. The victim said he was _____ awake at that time and knew exactly what was happening.
A. very B. so C. wide D. well
3. You can’t but hear commercials: _____ few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertising something or other.
A. every B. each C. another D. any
4. Walking in the dark street on a windy and rainy day, lonely Mary was scared. She thought she _____ her mother’s suggestion that she not go out alone.
A. might have followed B. must have followed
C. should be followed D. should have followed
5. – Why do you look so worried?
– Jane left the company half a month ago. Her work _____ unfinished since.
A. left B. has left C. was left D. has been left
6. In Mexico, weddings are big social events _____ large amounts of money are spent before the big day.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
7. It is the first time Spain _____ the semi-finals of a major tournament since they got to the final of the European championships in 1984.
A. reaches B. has reached C. had reached D. reached
8. Advertisers have to be highly culture-conscious _____ they want to carry out an international advertising programme in a foreign country.
A. though B. when C. until D. so that
9. In the United States, people usually do not say they will attend an invitational occasion _____ they truly plan to do so.
A. if B. because C. since D. unless
10. Thanksgiving is a day when people take time to reflect on _____ they are grateful for in their lives.
A. that B. why C. what D. who
11. A billion years from now, as the sun slowly expand, the ocean will evaporate (蒸发), _____ the 28
atmosphere with water vapour.
A. to fill B. filling C. filled D. having filled
12. The idea _____ one can score full marks without hard work is wrong.
A. how B. which C. that D. why
13. Could it have been on her birthday _____ her parents gave her his DV as a present?
A. since B. that C. when D. before
14. Hairspray, a musical about an ordinary girl chasing her dream, will not only have a strong effect on Shanghai audience, but also help make the dreams of children _____ in the Sichuan earthquake come true.
A. be caught up B. catch up C. having caught up D. caught up
15. When the sailor came into the cafe, I noticed a surprised look _____ over the waitress’ face although she didn’t say anything.
A. come B. to come C. to have come D. has come
16. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulties, great _____ it is.
A. however B. whatever C. as D. whether
(13)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The old man placed an order _____ 5 bottles of famous wine with the store.
A. of B. for C. at D. from
2. Owning a new is one thing, while keeping it running smoothly is quite _____.
A. another B. the other C. other D. others
3. TV sets produced every year is four times _____ the world’s production of vehicles.
A. as heavier as B. much heavier C. of the weight of D. the weight of
4. Restaurants, clothing stores and book stores _____ from providing free plastic shopping bags.
A. have prohibited B. are prohibiting C. have been prohibited D. will prohibit
5. We had a great time at yesterday’s party. You _____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. shouldn’t have C. needn’t have D. ought to have
6. – Can the bridge be finished as planned?
– Sure, _____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. having got B. getting C. to get D. get
7. _____ you have got scholarship, you may pay for the tuition yourself.
A. While B. Even though C. Now that D. For
8. – How about the dishes, dear?
– The salad is OK, but not the beef. It _____ too long.
A. cooked B. had cooked C. was cooked D. has cooked
9. _____ by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.
A. For being tied B. Having been tied C. What he did see D. His hands tied
10. We invited Dr. Smith to give us a report on _____ he saw and heard in Korea yesterday.
A. where B. what C. which D. that
29
11. Who is your class teacher going to _____ a picture for the wall newspaper in the classroom?
A. have draw B. has drawn C. have drawn D. has draw
12. Is it _____ the 29th Olympic Games that makes China the focus of the world?
A. held B. to hold C. holding D. having held
13. The chances never occurred to him _____ he would enter such a big company with good reputation.
A. that B. / C. when D. how
14. Many people sleep with the charging phones right next to their heads, _____ could increase the chances of getting cancer.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
15. You may see some dull advertisements _____ people to buy their products while watching TV.
A. to encourage B. encourages C. encouraging D. encouraged
16. She liked the painting very much, so she would like to buy it _____ it costs.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
(14)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. If you want to develop your relationships _____ people around you, developing your emotional intelligence is the best thing you can do.
A. among B. in C. of D. with
2. The teacher asked us students to be strict with _____ in everything.
A. himself B. themselves C. ourselves D. herself
3. English is a language that many people around the world _____ not speak perfectly but can at least understand.
A. shall B. may C. must D. should
4. The higher the oil price is, _____ to the global economy.
A. the more damage it will cause B. the more it will cause damage
C. the more damage will it cause D. the more damages it will cause
5. No decision _____ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A. is being made B. is made C. will be made D. has been made
6. It is reported that all 3, 000 Chinese _____ in Thailand have returned home safe and sound.
A. strand B. stranding C. stranded D. to strand
7. A top yoga trainer has recently posted an advertisement, _____ he will provide door-to-door service and live with customers for a week.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. is said
8. Many times people lie _____ the feelings of other people and there’s nothing wrong with that.
A. to be protected B. to protect C. protecting D. being protected
9. He had no idea how difficult the experiment would be _____ he was half-way through it.
A. when B. until C. after D. before
10. Artificial crystal brands have won the hearts of many young fashionable girls, _____ women prefer to buy natural crystals.
30
A. as B. if C. while D. when
11. Almost every day we come across situations _____ we have to make decisions in one way or another.
A. for which B. from which C. on which D. in which
12. We often put too much emphasis on test scores, ignoring that it is the learning process _____ really matters.
A. which B. what C. how D. that
13. Technology is here to stay and _____ it improves our lives or ruins the planet depends on how we make use of it.
A. whether B. why C. what D. how
14. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. which B. that C. what D. who
15. In that vast desert ____, which really is a wonder of nature.
A. does a large lake lie B. a large lake lies C. lies a large lake D. lying a large lake
16. When you have a talk with others, try to leave them a good impression _____ you are a good listener.
A. what B. since C. that D. which
(15)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Students’ complaints _____ too much study burden were soon taken into consideration by the school.
A. of B. for C. in D. with
2. The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital, but _____ came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help.
A. none B. no one C. someone D. anyone
3. The college entrance examination _____, and it is high time we should get into our preparation.
A. approaches B. is approaching C. approached D. has approached
4. There _____ be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in the school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5. With _____ left, it doesn’t seem likely that the young girl will be able to reach the airport ahead of schedule.
A. so short time B. such short a time C. such a short time D. so a short time
6. When you are dressed in the latest style, dancing to the most fashionable music after watching the latest film, you feel marvelous, _____?
A. don’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. are you
7. Besides the Internet, television is another major way of communication _____ us to see the performer as well as to hear the voice.
A. permitting B. to permit C. being permitted D. permitted
8. _____ two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and enjoy 31
together?
A. They have been given B. I have been given
C. I am given D. They have given to me
9. After a long journey across the whole Europe from north to south, they found themselves _____ out as well as their clothes.
A. wear B. wore C. wearing D. worn
10. Obama’s face is easily recognized _____ more and more media covered his president-elect victory.
A. that B. while C. because D. though
11. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving, but _____ our work, we turned down the offer.
A. not finished B. not having finished C. not finishing D. having not finished
12. Just like a voyage at sea, our life, _____ days are limited, is full of uncertainties.
A. which B. that C. its D. whose
13. The possibility never occurred to me _____ I would unexpectedly enter such a big bank and work in Wall Street.
A. when B. that C. / D. how
14. The elevated roads are flooded with large outdoor signboards of ads, which are intended _____ by passing car drivers.
A. to read B. to be reading C. to have read D. to be read
15. _____ the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, students here had no access to education.
A. If B. As C. Before D. After
16. The behavior of gases is explained by _____ the kinetic (运动的) theory.
A. what do scientists call B. which it scientists call
C. scientists call it D. what scientists call

易错 易漏点归纳、例题参考答案：
1. BBDCD 2. BBAAD 3. BDBCB B
4. CCACD 5. ADBDB 6. DDCCA CCACD
7. DBB 8. ABBA 9. BDD
10. ABDCD 11. BCC 12. DDDDD AB
13. ADD 14. DDBBA 15. DBDBB BB
16. DCDD 17. AAD 18. AAA
19. CDBCC 20. BC 21. DCBC
22. DDCCC 23. BAAD 24. CCCCD DC
25. ABDDC C 26. CAA 27. BDA
28. CBBA

综合演练
(1)
1~5 ACDDB 6~10 BAAAC 11~16 AACCB B
(2)
1~5 ACDBA 6~10 BCDCC 11~16 ABBDB C
(3)
1~5 BBAAB 6~10 CAADA 11~16 ACDDD B
(4)
1~5 DACDC 6~10 BCBAB 11~16 BBCAB C
(5)
1~5 DCBCA 6~10 CBCBB 11~16 CDACB C
(6)
1~5 DDBDC 6~10 AABAD 11~16 CABDD D
(7)
1~5 ABDBB 6~10 ADBDC 11~16 ABDCC A
(8)
1~5 BCDAA 6~10 CDDAC 11~16 DBBDC A
(9)
1~5 CCCBC 6~10 ACADB 11~16 DACCB A
(10)
1~5 CDBAB 6~10 CCDCB 11~16 CDCDB C
(11)
1~5 CCBBC 6~10 CDABA 11~16 CDBDD A
(12)
1~5 DCADD 6~10 DBBDC 11~16 BCBDA C
(13)
1~5 BADCD 6~10 CCCDB 11~16 ACAAC B
(14)
1~5 CDBAB 6~10 CCDCB 11~16 CDCDB C
(15)
1~5 AABCC 6~10 AABDC 11~16 BDBDC D