专题01 阅读理解（最新名校模拟题）-冲刺2022年高考英语终极题型押题（全国卷专用）

这是一份专题01 阅读理解（最新名校模拟题）-冲刺2022年高考英语终极题型押题（全国卷专用），共31页。

2022年高考英语终极题型押题（全国卷专用）-阅读理解
（2022·四川宜宾·二模）Point your cameras toward the sky as February’s full moon, nicknamed the snow moon, will make its appearance from midnight Tuesday to midnight Thursday, according to NASA．
The snow moon will be at its brightest on February 16 at 11:57 a.m. American East Time, but the best time to view it will be after sunset. As a bonus, the moon will be above the east-northeastern horizon on Wednesday evening, which will place it near Regulus, a bright star.
February’s full moon will be generally visible in areas around the world that do not have dense cloud coverage. It will be below the horizon at the South Pole, though, and therefore not viewable from that area.
A large storm system forecast for the central and eastern United States is expected to bring cloud cover, making moongazing difficult Wednesday night into Thursday morning, especially for anyone east of the Rockies, according to CNN Meteorologist Haley Brink.
The best places in the US to view the full moon will be portions of the Southwest and California, where clearer skies are expected.
There are 10 full moons left in 2022, with two of them qualifying as supermoons. Here is a list of the remaining moons for 2022, according to the Farmers’ Almanac:
• March 18:              Worm moon                                 • April 16:        Pink moon
• May 16:              Flower moon                                 • June 14:        Strawberry moon
• July 13:              Buck moon                                 • August 11:        Sturgeon moon
• September 10:        Harvest moon                                 • October 9:        Hunter’s moon
• November 8:        Beaver moon                                 • December 7: Cold moon
While these are the popularized names associated with the monthly full moons, the significance of each one may vary across Native American tribes.
1．Where can people watch the snow moon most suitably this year?
A．At the South Pole. B．In the east of Rockies.
C．In the Central United States. D．In the Southwest of United States.
2．Which day is available for appreciating the Harvest moon?
A．April 16. B．September 10. C．October 9. D．December 7.
3．Who are most interested in the passage?
A．Space amateurs. B．Tourism lovers.
C．Fashion seekers. D．Sports enthusiasts.

（2022·江苏连云港·二模）
Riding a horse at a high speed on grassland covered with snow while dressed in a red cloak (披风) and a white fur hat isn't something people would normally see a Chinese government official do. So it's not surprising that He Jiaolong, a female official from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, almost instantly became an online celebrity after she posted such a video.
She came up with the idea to make the video when she was thinking about new ways to let more people know about the famous horse breed (品种) of Zhaosu County, Ili, known as “heavenly horses”.
“I never expected the video to be such a hit. At first, I really didn't like to be called an online celebrity, because l never wanted to be one. But now I'm gradually getting used to using my influence to boost local development, she said.
Besides posting short videos, she has also been promoting local agricultural products and tourist resources via livestreaming (直播). With more followers, she can now help to sell local products worth more than 2 million yuan during a livestream while sales were only about 5,000 yuan each time when she first started to livestream on social media.
While she continues to draw the public's attention to Ili, she also has to keep dealing with the stress brought by criticism, especially often being questioned if being a social media celebrity may affect her work as an official. She said that she had even thought of giving up appearing on social media several times.
“I am, above all, a government official. I will never let what I do on social media affect my job,” she said. “I want to see the locals appreciate my efforts in serving them, which is my duty. I hope people can feel the warmth and positive energy of Xinjiang officials via my videos. I am simply one of them.”
4．Why did He Jiaolong first make her videos?
A．To introduce her job.
B．To gain personal fame.
C．To promote a horse breed.
D．To advertise the local scenery.
5．What can we learn from He Jiaolong's words in Paragraph 3?
A．She enjoys being called an online celebrity.
B．She is proud of her skills of making short videos.
C．The video's success makes a difference to her life.
D．The video's success damages her image as an official.
6．What changes has He Jiaolong's livestreaming brought to Ili?
A．Sales of local products have been increased.
B．Lives of local residents have been disturbed.
C．More local officials join her in livestreaming.
D．More followers make videos of the local scenery.
7．How does He Jiaolong react to people's criticism?
A．She decides to quit appearing online.
B．She apologizes to the local government.
C．She consults experts on dealing with the stress.
D．She continues serving people through her efforts.

（2022·内蒙古·包头市第四中学一模）To persist, life must reproduce. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells, the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide-small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food,and work together in groups. They even have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks. Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans. Some Xenobots had holes in their center, which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines. Traditional robots “degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As biological machines, Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology — opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed, as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems,” said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont.
8．Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Fighting disease. B．Replacing old cells.
C．Self-cleaning regularly. D．Recovering and growing again.
9．What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3?
A．They can be widely applied to curing diseases.
B．They can serve well the research on human health.
C．They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D．They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
10．What is Bongar’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.
11．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．An experiment on African clawed frogs.
B．The trend of developing biotechnology.
C．An application of a machine in medicine.
D．The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.

（2022·安徽省舒城中学高二阶段练习）When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena's family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than I percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn't compare herself to the rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one's self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values. independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
12．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To show the significance of evaluating people.
B．To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D．To provide some background information on evaluating people.
13．Why does the author mention his two patients?
A．To measure different achievement.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
14．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It's important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one's happiness,
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Happiness: Is it all relative?
B．Self-worth: Is it measurable?
C．Self-worth: Is it based on efforts?
D．Happiness: Is it associated with achievement?

（2022·广东·深圳外国语学校模拟预测）The 93rd Academy Awards ceremony was held on April 25, 2021, rather than its usual late-February date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Winners
The nominee were announced on March15. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker. Best Actress winner Frances McDormand became the seventh person to win a third acting Oscar and the second to win Best Actress three times. As a producer of Nomadland, she also was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film. Best Supporting Actress winner Youn Yuh-jung became the first Korean performer and second Asian female to win an Oscar after Miyoshi                           Umeki, who won the same category for her role in 1957's Sayonara.
Part of awards
Best Actor
Anthony Hopkins—The Father as Anthony
Best Supporting Actress
Youn Yuh-jung—Minari as Soon-ja
Best Director
Chloe Zhao—Nomadland
Best Production Design
Mark—Production Design: Donal Graham Burt; Set Decoration: Jan Pascale
Best Picture
Nomadland—Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, and Chloe Zhao
Best Cinematography
Mank—Erik Messerschmidt
Best Costume Design
Ma Rainey's Black Bottom—Ann Roth
Best Supporting Actor
Daniel Kaluuya—Judas and the black Messiah as Fred Hampton
Rule changesDue to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021. The Academy also revised its release and distribution requirements by allowing for films that were released via video on demand or streaming to be qualified for the awards.
16．Who is the first female to win the Academy Award for Best Director?
A．Chloe Zhao. B．Kathryn Bigelow. C．Youn Yuh-jung D．Frances McDormand.
17．Which film won the most awards in 2021 Oscar?
A．Nomadland. B．The Father. C．Sayonara. D．Minari.
18．What was the deadline for feature films?
A．April 25, 2021. B．March 15, 2021. C．February 28, 2021. D．December 31, 2020.

（2022·江苏·一模）Architecture is amazing. It has changed the way I look and interact with the world and my environment.   It has trained me to be hyper-sensitive (过度敏感) to the built environment, to recognize problems and find solutions that an untrained eye would never notice.
As much as I love this profession, it is very easy to get lost in architecture. I get so focused that I have forgotten about everything else. Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的) while I was becoming an architect. I faced a lot of obstacles and challenges taking a bicycle ride across the United States. Looking back, cycling across the America was actually one of the smartest things I ever did.
I have actually bicycled across the continental USA twice; East to west. Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean, both times. Bicycling across America isn’t as hard as you think.
I rode alone on my first trip in 2005 from Virginia Beach to the coast of Florence, Oregon. In the end it was 4,547 miles over the course of 77 days.
I left for the second trip in 2007 with my two best friends from Bar Harbor, Maine to Portland, Oregon, which was a 4,886 mile ride over 90 days. At that time, I fell in love with the idea of leaving the east coast behind, starting a whole new life and career in a new city. I ended up in Portland. After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog.
I share all this not to convince anyone to go biking across America, but only to share how doing this has changed my life. Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn’t everything. Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, traveling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the internet, my dog, and even yoga. My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.
Becoming an architect is a noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about. It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.
19．What’s the advantage of cycling according to the author?
A．Changing his negative attitude to architecture.
B．Keeping himself focused on his career all the time.
C．Enabling him to find solutions without training.
D．Making him a much better architect and person.
20．What does the author think of his two cross-country bike trips?
A．They are harder than what he expected before.
B．They show the benefits of riding with friends.
C．They give him some extraordinary experiences.
D．They guarantee him a new life and career in Portland.
21．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6?
A．Don’t get completely lost in your hobbies.
B．Don’t abandon hobbies for your profession.
C．Don’t feel ashamed of stopping your hobbies.
D．Don’t weigh your family against your profession.
22．In the last paragraph, the author reminds us to ________.
A．take up the pursuit of becoming an architect
B．find what we are really passionate about
C．appreciate other people’s good intentions
D．avoid our career taking over other pursuits

（2022·北京石景山·一模）When it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is simple. Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that they have a substantial carbon footprint.”
The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essential ingredients in EV batteries are not renewable. What’s more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green.
So the question is: is it worth it? Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.
“A life cycle analysis of emissions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000 kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to power their car comes into play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a country’s renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our country’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study, are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”
So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.
23．Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made?
A．To illustrate the advantages of EVs.
B．To show how gas cars outperform EVs.
C．To weigh the environmental impact of EVs.
D．To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs.
24．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 5?
A．By giving instructions. B．By highlighting features.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
25．According to the passage, what contributes to EVs’ beating gas cars?
A．Recycling of batteries. B．Overall driving distance.
C．Manufacturing technology. D．Government’s energy policy.
26．Which of the following statements does the author support?
A．EVs are worthy of the praise they have received.
B．EVs are not successful for their environmental downsides.
C．EVs will no longer be widely accepted for their emissions.
D．EVs are not truly green until their energy sources become green.
（2022·山东聊城·一模）Do you know that forests cover an estimated 38 percent of the total land surface of the European Union (EU)? And that these extensive areas covered with trees and underbrush need to be protected so they can continue to do good for the environment for the next generation? Now the EU has just come up with is ambitious new “Forest Strategy”.
Forests can fight against climate change and prevent biodiversity loss They can reduce the impacts of climate change by cooling down cities, protecting us from heavy flooding, and reducing drought impacts. They are valuable ecosystems that are home to a major part of the world’s plants and animals. But forests also improve our health and well-being through functions like water regulation, erosion (侵蚀) control and air purification. And they serve as ideal settings for “recreation, relaxation and learning, as well as securing livelihoods”.
This new European- wide forest conservation vision takes in an impressive commitment to plant a minimum of three billion additional trees over the next decade. This is an ambitious plan but a long overdue one because forests have been battered by severe weather and human impacts, particularly the demand for wood over the last ten years. As the EU Observer puts it,“extreme weather events and the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by wood-based bioenergy and international trade, have accelerated tree cover loss in the last decade.”
This EU strategy takes into account the complexity of ; forest sustainability. Observation, knowledge exchange, ongoing monitoring and close cooperation between public and private organizations and individuals are also key elements in this new continent- wide forest protection strategy.
This is a future- focused blueprint, designed to protect these precious green areas, and ensure that the trees and greenery are here to stay!
27．Why are two questions raised in the beginning?
A．To tell us the EU’s forest coverage.
B．To call on people to protect forests.
C．To explain the reason for the strategy.
D．To encourage more forest expansion.
28．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 2?
A．The urgency of the strategy.
B．The importance of forests.
C．The background of the strategy.
D．The environmental role of forests.
29．What does the underlined word “battered” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Preserved. B．Controlled. C．Removed. D．Damaged.
30．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Planting Trees for the World
B．Irreplaceable Benefits of Forests
C．EU’s Action to Protect the Earth
D．Taking Forests into the Future

（2022·北京市第一三二中学一模）In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts.
Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.
In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.
Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.
Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies.
Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.
Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”
Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.”
31．The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________.
A．raise a question B．report a finding
C．introduce a topic D．present a theory
32．To better deal with COIs,________.
A．researchers have to quit their job at the university
B．researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist
C．institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships
D．institutions should train researchers to create management plans
33．What can we leam from the passage?
A．Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.
B．Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.
C．Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.
D．Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision.
34．What can we infer from the passage?
A．COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.
B．COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.
C．COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.
D．COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.

（2022·湖北·一模）A Kind Note from My Student
—by lewski711 , posted Dec 25, 2021
We’re working on paragraph writing in class. One of the assignments was to write one on your hero. This little bugger(小坏蛋<爱称> ) chose me. Please do not judge his incredible manuscript. We’re working that for him. Instead, judge his content.
For those who cannot read third grade :
“My hero is Mr. Lewandowski. He can do magic. He’s good at teaching. He’s good at math. Who is your hero?”
Someone’s getting an “A” for Christmas this year!

READERS COMMENTS
dotmatrix wrote: A great teacher is a true gift to our world. Beautiful. ♥.
pluto178 wrote: My son was once asked to write about his hero and he chose me! Boy! Was he sorry the next day when asked to read them out and others had people like Batman and Spiderman? Still I am sure I could rock the outfit. It’s so nice though when someone does this for you.
dance wrote: Bless the little one!
singhharry1996 wrote: That is beautiful to be a kind model for your students! It will stick with them.
butterkind wrote: How sweet!!
janfour wrote: so nice
gardenga110 wrote: Actually, I was able to translate the original third grade manuscript with little difficulty. You have a winner in your class Mr. L. :))
lt33 wrote: Aww that’s sweet he sees something in you that radiates kindness.
Rajni wrote: World owes teacher a lot for their dedication and love for teaching and thereby shape future. ideal citizens. Mr. Lewandowski, you, deserve the honor your student gave you. You are real hero.
Helenconnell2 wrote: I always think students see their teachers in a way that managers and inspectors cannot! So wonderful to see!
35．How does Mr. Lewandowski like the little bugger’s writing content?
A．Terrible. B．Poor. C．Medium. D．Good.
36．In what aspect does pluto178 empathize(有共鸣) with Mr. Lewandowski?
A．Being a true gift to the world.
B．Being chosen as a hero by their little bugger.
C．Being dedicated to shaping future ideal citizens.
D．Owning something radiating kindness in themselves.
37．Which reader can make out the pupil’s manuscript with ease?
A．dotmatrix B．Helenconne112 C．gardenga110 D．singhharry1996

（2022·湖北·一模）Crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission are scheduled to give a live lecture on Thursday afternoon from the orbiting Tiangong space station to students around the world, the China Manned Space Agency said on Monday.
The three taikonauts—Major General Zhai Zhigang, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu will show viewers how they live and work inside the space station and will then carry out experiments to display interesting physical phenomena in space such as “disappearing buoyancy” and a “water ball”. They will also answer viewers’ questions at the end of the livestreamed event, the agency said.
The activity is intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and ignite enthusiasm for science among young people. The taikonauts “sincerely invite young viewers to conduct similar experiments along with them to observe the physical disparities between space and land environments to experience the fun of exploration”, the agency said.
The agency said last week that the, lecture “will mark the launch of the Tiangong Class , China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series to popularize space science”. It added that such lectures will be based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will be presented by taikonauts. Featuring interactive teaching, the activities will be mainly targeted at youngsters as the students on the ground were able to communicate with the three taikonauts in real time during the class.
The Shenzhou XIII mission was launched on Oct 16 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station. They are scheduled to spend six months working in the station, making it China’s longest manned space mission.
The agency said that as a national space-based laboratory, Tiangong is also tasked with promoting and propagating science and technology knowledge. The orbiting outpost has abundant, unique educational resources and boasts advantages when it comes to encouraging the public, especially young people to embrace science and space exploration, it said.
38．How many parts does the lecture include?
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
39．What does the underlined word “disparities” in Paragraph3 mean?
A．inequalities. B．differences. C．complications. D．phenomena.
40．What’s the biggest characteristic of the lecture?
A．Hands-on. B．Student-oriented. C．Experiment-focused. D．Interactive.
41．Which can be inferred from the text?
A．Tiangong can become a long-term classroom in space.
B．All the space-based experiments can be done on earth.
C．The Shenzhou XIII manned space mission is China’s longest.
D．The lecture is designed to spark youths’ enthusiasm for science.

（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me? I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”
With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. “I want to wear it and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy, asking people what they want for Christmas,” the fifth-grader said.
Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says.
He also marked his birthday by donating his hair to Locks of Love, the charity that makes wigs for kids with cancer or other medical conditions. During a year of lockdown, he teamed up with some friends and grew out his hair to nine inches.
Jonah’s good deeds are not limited to birthdays. He works to help his community all year, including donating and sorting food for the homeless with the organization Feeding South Florida, and packing holiday gifts for children.
42．What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year?
A．A covid cure. B．Toys and dolls.
C．Anew Xbox. D．A Santa suit.
43．Which one of the following doesn’t belong to the good behaviour of Jonah?
A．Donating his hair to a charity.
B．Sending his birthday gifts to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
C．Wrapping holiday gifts for kids.
D．Contributing food to the homeless.
44．Which of the following best describes Jonah?
A．Kind and courageous. B．Generous and brave.
C．Caring and helpful. D．Friendly and innocent.
45．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Jonah didn’t realize his wish last year.
B．The coronavirus is still not under complete control.
C．Jonah raised $1,000 from his family and friends all over.
D．Jonah wants to wear a Santa suit and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy.


参考答案：
1．D
2．B
3．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年2月美国观赏满月的最佳地点和时间，以及该年剩余10个满月出现的时间。
1．
细节理解题。根据第五段“The best places in the US to view the full moon will be portions of the Southwest and California, where clearer skies are expected.（美国观赏满月的最佳地点将是西南部和加利福尼亚州的部分地区，那里的天空预计会更清澈）”可知，今年观赏满月的最佳地点是美国的西南部。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二部分“September 10: Harvest moon”可知，9月10日是欣赏Harvest moon的日子。故选B。
3．
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了2022年2月美国观赏满月的最佳地点和时间，以及该年剩余10个满月出现的时间。再结合第一段“Point your cameras toward the sky as February’s full moon, nicknamed the snow moon, will make its appearance from midnight Tuesday to midnight Thursday, according to NASA.（根据美国国家航空航天局的说法，2月的满月（绰号为雪月）将于周二午夜至周四午夜出现，将你的相机对准天空）”推知，太空爱好者可能对本文最感兴趣。故选A。
4．C
5．C
6．A
7．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍新疆政府官员贺娇龙通过直播的方式，推广当地的产品及旅游业。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段“She came up with the idea to make the video when she was thinking about new ways to let more people know about the famous horse breed (品种) of Zhaosu County, Ili, known as “heavenly horses”. (当时她在思考新的方法，为了让更多的人了解伊犁市昭苏县著名的马的品种——被称为“天马”，她有了制作视频的想法)”可知，贺娇龙第一次拍视频是为了介绍和推广马。故选C。
5．
推理判断题。根据第三段““I never expected the video to be such a hit. At first, I really didn't like to be called an online celebrity, because l never wanted to be one. But now I'm gradually getting used to using my influence to boost local development, she said. (她说：“我从没想过这段视频会如此受欢迎。起初，我真的不喜欢被称为网红，因为我从来不想成为网红。但现在我逐渐习惯于利用自己的影响力来促进当地的发展。”)”可知，拍视频使贺娇龙成为网红，并且非常受欢迎，贺娇龙通过自己的影响力来促进当地的发展。故推知视频的成功对贺娇龙的生活产生重要的影响，故选C。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides posting short videos, she has also been promoting local agricultural products and tourist resources via livestreaming (直播). With more followers, she can now help to sell local products worth more than 2 million yuan during a livestream while sales were only about 5,000 yuan each time when she first started to livestream on social media. (除了发布短视频外，她还通过直播推广当地的农产品和旅游资源。有了更多的粉丝，她现在可以在直播期间帮助销售价值超过200万元的当地产品，而她第一次开始在社交媒体上直播时，每次的销售额只有5000元左右。)”可知，直播帮助贺娇龙推广当地的农产品，并使销售额从5000元左右上升到200万，增加了当地产品的销售额。故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据最后一段““I am, above all, a government official. I will never let what I do on social media affect my job,” she said. “I want to see the locals appreciate my efforts in serving them, which is my duty. I hope people can feel the warmth and positive energy of Xinjiang officials via my videos. I am simply one of them.”(她说：“最重要的是，我是一名政府官员。我永远不会让我在社交媒体上做的事情影响我的工作。我希望看到当地人理解我为他们服务的努力，这是我的职责。希望大家能通过我的视频感受到新疆官员的温暖和正能量。我只是其中之一。”)”可知，面对批评，贺娇龙会继续通过自己的努力，继续服务人民。故选D。
8．D
9．B
10．A
11．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍有史以来第一个可以自我复制、有生命的机器人。
8．
词句猜测题。根据第二段“when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.”(当科学家切开一个机器人时，它会自动愈合并继续成长。)可知，机器人有自我愈合和修复功能，根据“heal itself”可猜测regenerative的意思是“再生的”，因此，D项“恢复后再次生长”，符合题意。故选D项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology-- opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.”(除了这些直接的实际任务外，Xenobots还可以帮助研究人员更多地了解细胞生物学，为人类健康和长寿的未来进步打开大门。)以及上文提到Xenobots是环境友好型机器人，有利于保护人类健康，可知，Xenobots可以很好地服务于人类健康的研究。故选B项。
10．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems’, said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the university of Vermont. ”(佛蒙特大学的首席研究员之一的Joshua Bongard说：“如果我们利用这种可塑性和细胞解决问题的能力，有很多事情是可能的”。)可知，Joshua Bongard对自我复制生物技术是积极乐观的态度，故选A项。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我复制的) living robots. ”(佛蒙特大学、塔夫茨大学和哈佛大学怀斯生物启发工程研究所的科学家们发现了一种全新的生物繁殖形式，并运用他们的发现创造了有史以来第一个可以自我复制的，有生命的机器人。)”以及通过阅读文章第一二段可知，科学家利用青蛙的干细胞创造了一个有生命的、自我修复的机器人。由此文章的主题是第一个可以自我复制的机器人的发明，故选D项。
12．D
13．C
14．B
15．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，文章通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同，幸福感不同的人说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段“When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.(当通过各种心理测试来评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现的标志。绝对性表现能反映了对某些东西的原始衡量，比如跑一英里所需的时间。相对性表现是指一个人在与其同伴的比较中如何评价自己，比如一个跑步者在比赛中所处的位置)”可知，第一段提供了一些信息：心理学家用“绝对性表现“和“相对性表现”来做评估区分。故选D项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his.(虽然这种贫困水平会导致大多数人每天醒来都很沮丧，奥马尔是我认识的最乐观、最有欣赏力的人之一。为什么?因为他最亲密的同龄人——他的兄弟姐妹和童年朋友——的生活比他糟糕得多)”可知，Omar尽管收入不高，但是他是他的圈子里钱最多的，所以他乐观；第三段第一句“In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call ‘Lena’, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level.Though Lena's family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels ‘less than’. (与奥马尔不同的是，我还有一个病人，我称她为“莉娜”，她的家庭财产超过500万美元。然而，莱娜住在一个上流社会的社区，她的家庭收入在这个社区里属于水平较低的。虽然莉娜的家庭允许她享受不到世界上1%的同龄人能分享的财产和经历，但她始终感到‘不足’)”可知，Lena在她的社区里属于下层地位，尽管她已经很有钱。通过两个案例，作者介绍了什么叫做幸福和收入的相对性表现。故选C项。
14．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.(对我们所有人来说，确定这些目标，特别是在情绪平静的时期，可有利于我们避免落入相对型表现的陷阱，它经常导致情境性心理抑郁)”可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比较方式造成的，所以我们得避免陷入它的陷阱。故选B项。
15．
主旨大意题。通读全文分析文章结构可知，第一段介绍各种心理测试评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对性表现和相对性表现的标志。第二、三段通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同，幸福感不同的人：穷的人过得很开心，富有的人感觉不到幸福，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。第四段做出总结，对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。因此推断，文章主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，所以A项“Happiness: Is it all relative?(幸福：是相对的吗?)”，符合题意。故选A项。
16．B
17．A
18．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2021年奥斯卡颁奖典礼的一些情况。
16．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker.(中国电影导演Chloe Zhao成为首位获得最佳导演奖的有色人种女性，也是继Kathryn Bigelow之后第二位获得最佳导演奖的女性。2010年，Bigelow凭借执导《拆弹部队》获得最佳导演奖)”可知，第一位获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖的女性是Kathryn Bigelow。故选B。
17．
细节理解题。根据Part of awards表格中信息，可知，获得了2021年奥斯卡奖最多奖项的电影是Nomadland。获得了最佳导演奖和最佳影片奖，故选A。
18．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Due to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021.(由于颁奖日期的变更，评委会将故事片的入围截止日期从2020年12月31日改为2021年2月28日)”可知，故事片的截止日是2021年2月28日。故选C。
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述骑车给作者带来的改变和非凡体验告诉我们，不能因为事业放弃了生活中的其他追求。
19．
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的) while I was becoming an architect. （幸运的是，我对骑自行车的热情让我在成为一名建筑师时保持清醒）”和最后一段的“It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.（这将提升你的建筑事业，最终让你成为一个更有趣的人，在我看来，这真的比成为一个愚蠢的建筑师更重要）”可知，作者认为骑自行车让他成为了一个更好的建筑师和人。故选D。
20．
细节理解题。根据第三到第六段作者两次骑车穿越美国的讲述可知，骑车让作者做了自己喜欢的事情，如交友、旅行，收获了意外的惊喜，如在新城市找到新工作，从这些可以看出骑车穿越美国的旅行给了作者一些非凡的体验。故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据第六段的“Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn’t everything. Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, traveling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the internet, my dog, and even yoga. My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.（建筑给了我美好的生活和事业，但它不是一切。谢天谢地，我也非常热爱：我的朋友、旅游、自行车、朋克摇滚、科技、互联网、我的狗，甚至瑜伽。我的建筑背景无疑让我与所有这些东西的关系更加融洽）”可知，职业并非生活中的一切，业余爱好让作者的生活更加和谐。由此推知，我们不能因为职业而放弃自己的业余爱好。故选B。
22．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Becoming an architect is a noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about. It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.（成为一名建筑师是一项崇高的追求，但你应该继续追求你所热爱的一切。这将提升你的建筑事业，最终让你成为一个更有趣的人，在我看来，这真的比成为一个愚蠢的建筑师更重要）”可知，作者提醒我们不要用事业代替其他追求，因为其他追求会提升我们的事业，让我们成为更有趣的人。故选D。
23．C
24．C
25．A
26．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。电动车更环保，但是只有电动汽车实现能源方面的绿色，才能实现真正的绿色。
23．
细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容及第三段“So the question is: is it worth it? Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.”（所以问题是：这值得吗？ 电动汽车到底能减排多少呢？幸运的是，一个生命周期评估已经完成，给了我们一些答案。）可知，对排放进行生命周期分析是为了衡量电动汽车对环境的影响。故选C项。
24．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively.”（在2018年，澳大利亚可再生能源在电力中的份额约为21%。相比之下，新西兰的这一数字约为84%。据估计，澳大利亚和新西兰的电动汽车每公里排放的二氧化碳分别为170克和25克。）可知，作者通过作比较的方法来支持陈述“作为消费者，我们的汽车是否环保取决于我们国家的能源组合。”这一观点。故选C项。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”（虽然电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的温室气体，但需要注意的是，回收电池可以用于后续电池。这可能在未来产生显著的减排效益。研究表明，在整个生命周期的排放中，电动汽车的排放量比汽油汽车低18%。）可知，电动汽车打败汽油汽车的原因是其电池的回收。故选A项。
26．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.”（所以结论是：电动汽车更环保。也许它们没有我们想的那么环保。当然还有改进的余地。但真正的挑战在于加快全球能源向绿色能源生产的转变。）可知，实现了能源方面的绿色，电动汽车才是真正绿色的。故选D项。
27．C
28．B
29．D
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。为了保护森林，欧盟提出了雄心勃勃的新“森林战略”。文章介绍了森林的重要性以及新的“森林战略”。
27．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you know that forests cover an estimated 38 percent of the total land surface of the European Union (EU)? And that these extensive areas covered with trees and underbrush need to be protected so they can continue to do good for the environment for the next generation? Now the EU has just come up with is ambitious new “Forest Strategy”.(你知道吗，欧盟的森林面积估计占总陆地面积的38%。这些被树木和灌木丛覆盖的广阔地区需要得到保护，这样它们才能继续为下一代的环境做有益的事情？现在欧盟刚刚提出了雄心勃勃的新“森林战略”。)”可知，文章一开始就提出了两个问题，是为了解释这个策略的原因。故选C。
28．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Forests can fight against climate change and prevent biodiversity loss They can reduce the impacts of climate change by cooling down cities, protecting us from heavy flooding, and reducing drought impacts. They are valuable ecosystems that are home to a major part of the world’s plants and animals. But forests also improve our health and well-being through functions like water regulation, erosion (侵蚀) control and air purification. And they serve as ideal settings for “recreation, relaxation and learning, as well as securing livelihoods”.(森林可以应对气候变化，防止生物多样性的丧失。森林可以降低气候变化的影响，使城市降温，保护我们免受洪水的侵袭，并减少干旱的影响。它们是宝贵的生态系统，是世界上大部分植物和动物的家园。但森林也通过水的调节、侵蚀控制和空气净化等功能改善我们的健康和福祉。它们是“娱乐、放松和学习，以及保障生计”的理想场所)”可知，作者在第二段中想要告诉人们“森林的重要性”。故选B。
29．
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“by severe weather and human impacts, particularly the demand for wood over the last ten years. As the EU Observer puts it,“extreme weather events and the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by wood-based bioenergy and international trade, have accelerated tree cover loss in the last decade.”(由于恶劣天气和人类的影响，特别是过去十年对木材的需求。正如《欧盟观察报》所言，“在以木材为基础的生物能源和国际贸易的推动下，极端天气事件以及对森林服务和产品日益增长的需求，在过去十年加速了树木覆盖的减少。”)”可知，森林受到毁坏。由此推知，划线词battered的意思是“破坏”，与D项意思一致。故选D。
30．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now the EU has just come up with is ambitious new “Forest Strategy”.(现在欧盟刚刚提出了雄心勃勃的新“森林战略”)”和最后一段“This is a future- focused blueprint, designed to protect these precious green areas, and ensure that the trees and greenery are here to stay!(这是一个着眼于未来的蓝图，旨在保护这些珍贵的绿色区域，并确保树木和绿色植物在这里停留！)”可知，文章讲述了森林的重要性，为了保护森林，欧盟提出的“森林战略”，确保森林能够留存到未来。由此可知，D选项“Taking Forests into the Future(让森林走向未来)”是最佳题目，能够概括文章主旨。故选D。
31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。
31．
推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimone大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合第二段的“Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them.（当一个人的个人利益——家庭、友谊、经济或社会因素——可能会损害他或她在工作场所的判断、决定或行动时，利益冲突(COIs)就会发生，考虑如何管理这些利益对职业生涯来说是很有意义的）”以及下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述推知，第一段提到DeSimone的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.（研究人员应该揭示学术生活的各个方面潜在的或存在的冲突）”可知，为了更好的应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。
33．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”（甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，那些个人与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避:‘如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。’）”可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。
34．
推理判断题。根据第五段“Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies.（塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt警告称，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。沃尔特说，在实验室里开发出一项技术，然后把它转移到他们公司的研究人员，在他们的学生看来可能会产生利益冲突。但通过起草一份许可协议，禁止将发现自动转让给调查人员的公司，就可以避免潜在的冲突。沃尔特这样做是为了让他的学生相信，他们实际上并不是在为他的私人公司工作）”推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。
35．D
36．B
37．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。Lewandowski先生的学生选择了他作为自己的英雄，Lewandowski将学生的手稿发布到了网上，引起了读者评论。
35．
细节理解题。根据文中“Someone’s getting an “A” for Christmas this year!(有人今年圣诞节得A了！)”可知，Lewandowski先生觉得这个小家伙写的很好，给了A。故选D。
36．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“We’re working on paragraph writing in class. One of the assignments was to write one on your hero. This little bugger(小坏蛋<爱称> ) chose me.(我们在课堂上学习段落写作。其中一个任务是写下你的英雄。这个小坏蛋选择了我)”以及READERS COMMENTS部分中“pluto178 wrote: My son was once asked to write about his hero and he chose me! Boy! Was he sorry the next day when asked to read them out and others had people like Batman and Spiderman? Still I am sure I could rock the outfit. It’s so nice though when someone does this for you.( pluto178写道：我儿子有一次被要求写他心目中的英雄，他选择了我！天哪！第二天，当他被要求朗读这些故事时，其他人写的是蝙蝠侠和蜘蛛侠这样的人，他会感到遗憾吗？尽管如此，我确信我能驾驭这身行头。有人为你做这些真的很好)”可知，pluto178与Lewandowski在被他们的小不点儿选为英雄方面产生了共鸣。故选B。
37．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“gardenga110 wrote: Actually, I was able to translate the original third grade manuscript with little difficulty.(gardenga110写道：事实上，我能够毫不费力地翻译三年级的原稿)”可知，读者gardenga110能轻易地辨认出这个学生的手稿。故选C。
38．C
39．B
40．D
41．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。中国载人航天局周一表示，周四下午，神舟十三号任务的机组人员将在天宫空间站为世界各地的学生进行现场演讲。文章介绍了演讲的内容、活动的目的以及重要意义。
38．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The three taikonauts—Major General Zhai Zhigang, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu will show viewers how they live and work inside the space station and will then carry out experiments to display interesting physical phenomena in space such as “disappearing buoyancy” and a “water ball”. They will also answer viewers’ questions at the end of the livestreamed event, the agency said. (翟志刚少将、王亚平大校和叶光福大校将向观众展示他们在空间站内的生活和工作，然后将进行实验，展示太空中有趣的物理现象，如“消失的浮力”和“水球”。该机构表示，他们还将在直播活动结束时回答观众的问题)”可知，演讲包括三个部分。故选C。
39．
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“between space and land environments to experience the fun of exploration”可知宇航员们“真诚地邀请年轻观众和他们一起进行类似的实验，观察太空和陆地环境的物理差异，体验探索的乐趣”划线词意思是“差异”。A. inequalities.不平等；B. differences.差异；C. complications.复杂化；D. phenomena.现象。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Featuring interactive teaching, the activities will be mainly targeted at youngsters as the students on the ground were able to communicate with the three taikonauts in real time during the class. (互动教学，活动将主要针对青少年，因为地面上的学生可以在课堂上与三位宇航员实时交流)”可知，这堂课最大的特点是互动性。故选D。
41．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The agency said that as a national space-based laboratory, Tiangong is also tasked with promoting and propagating science and technology knowledge. The orbiting outpost has abundant, unique educational resources and boasts advantages when it comes to encouraging the public, especially young people to embrace science and space exploration, it said. (该机构表示，作为国家天基实验室，天宫还肩负着促进和传播科学技术知识的任务。声明称，这个轨道前哨站拥有丰富、独特的教育资源，在鼓励公众，尤其是年轻人拥抱科学和空间探索方面具有优势)”可推知，天宫可以作为长期的太空教室。故选A。
42．D
43．B
44．C
45．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国Florida的10岁小男孩在新冠疫情期间的愿望，今年他想要一套圣诞老人服装，以此给大家传播快乐。
42．
细节理解题。根据第二段“This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”(“今年，我能请求要一件圣诞老人的服装，把你的快乐传播到世界各地吗？”)”可知，Jonah今年想要的圣诞节礼物是一件圣诞老人的服装，故选D。
43．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. (Jonah在7月满10岁，他没有向家人和朋友要礼物，而是请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西)”可知，Jonah请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西，并不是把他的礼物送给医院。故选B。
44．
推理判断题。根据第二段“This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”(“今年，我能请求要一件圣诞老人的服装，把你的快乐传播到世界各地吗？”)”及根据第四段“Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says. (Jonah在7月满10岁，他没有向家人和朋友要礼物，而是请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西。他的母亲说，他通过生日努力从所有的家人、朋友甚至包括他最喜欢的当地Publix商店的员工那里筹集了1000美元的捐款)”可知，Jonah想给大家传播快乐，给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西，捐赠了1,000美元。足以说明Jonah是爱关心人，爱帮助人，故选C。
45．
推理判断题。根据第三段“With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. (由于无情的病毒和奥密克戎变体的威胁仍然困扰着一个疲惫的国家，Jonah对圣诞老人套装有很大的计划)”可知，新冠发生了变异，没有受到完全的控制，故选B。