专题04 语法填空-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（新高考专用）(32537808)

专题04  语法填空-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（原卷版）

语法填空作为高考英语全国卷必考题型之一，主要考查学生词汇的词性转换、动词时态的辨析、各种从句以及固定搭配等知识点。分为给提示词和不给提示词两种填空类型。题材比较容易考查说明文和记叙文，较少考查议论文。

一、说明文语法填空

例1              China shows first high-definition pictures of Mars taken by Tianwen I

The China National Space Administration made public on Thursday morning the first high-definition pictures of Mars taken by the nation's spacecraft.

The pictures - two black-and-white and one color - were shot 56． (recent) by China's Tianwen 1 robotic probe when 57． spacecraft was travelling in Mars orbit, according to the administration.

The two black-and-white 7-meter-resolution 58．(image) were taken by the high-definition camera on Tianwen I's orbiter when the probe was about 330 to 350 kilometers above the Martian surface. Craters, mountain ridges and sand dunes on the red planet are clear on the pictures.

The color picture was generated by another camera on the orbiter, 59． (show) Mars’ north pole.

Tianwen 1, the country's first 60． ( independence) Mars mission, 61． (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23, 2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, kicking off the nation's planetary exploration program.

The 5-metric ton probe, 62．consists of two major parts - the orbiter and the landing capsule - has flown for 224 days and about 475 million km. Currently, it is about 212 million km away 63．Earth, according to the administration.

It entered 64． (it) preset parking orbit above Mars on Feb 24 and would fly in this orbit for about three months before releasing its landing capsule, said the administration.

All of the seven mission payloads(承载) on the orbiter will be activated during the probe’s stay in the parking orbit 65． (carry) out scientific tasks and also to observe and analyze the landforms and weathers of the optimal landing site.

二、记叙文语法填空

例1  Pan Shixue, a silversmith (银匠) in Maliao village in Guizhou Province, used to dream of people living 56． abundant life in his village, where nobody has to work far away from home and customers go there for beautiful silver jewellery. Now his dream has come true.

Maliao village is famous for its silver jewellery. In fact, Miao ethnic silversmith technique 57． (list) as China's national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006. But with cheaper, machine-made trinkets (小首饰) 58． (rule) the market, they couldn't rely on the old technique to survive.

At that time, most people in the village lived under the poverty line, 59． means they could simply afford food and 60． (base) clothing, but seldom purchase things like bicycles or televisions. So many villagers left their hometown 61． (hopeless). But in 2018, the government allocated 580,000 yuan of poverty funds to set up the Silverware and Embroidery Workshop of Maliao Village, helping Maliao villagers fight poverty 62． their own crafts.

Since that year, most young craftsmen 63． (return) to their hometown and found a bright future. With the help of the government, they learned 64． (fashion) trends and how to meet clients' various 65． (request). Instead of holding on to old ideas and existing design, villagers enhanced their skills and made their products customized.

1. 选材特点

（1）          短文通常为一篇200词左右的短文，选材一般以说明文为主，记叙文和议论文为辅。

（2）          题材多样，符合考生认知水平，可读性强

（3）          难度适中，与课本中的阅读材料难度相当，语篇与语句的结构变化多样

2. 设题特点

（1）          篇首一般不设空，为考生提供一个完整的背景信息，有提示词和无提示词类填空题的比例一般为6:4

（2）          考点设置广泛，主要考察考生对重点词汇（以实词为主）和基础语法知识的掌握情况

（3）          考察重在基础，突出重点，对介词，冠词等的考察一般涉及一道小题，而对动词，形容词，副词，名词，连接词的考察相对较多。

（4）          答案的规律，无提示词类填空题往往填冠词，介词，代词，并列连词，从句的引导词等，有提示词的，给出的单词的词形变化是有规律可循的。

3. 解题方法

 1.有提示词类

  （1）提供动词

当设空出提供动词原形时，一般考察动词的时态语态，非谓语动词或词类转换

  （2）词形转换

当提示词为名词，形容词，副词时，设空处考察词形转换的可能性比较大

（3）形容词或副词的比较等级

      当括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，除了考虑词性转换外，也有可能是考察其比较等级

①       句中通常会有信号词，比如than

②       句中含有带比较等级的固定句型，或并列结构中使用比较等级

③       有时要根据上下文语境来确定比较等级

（4）名词的数

       括号中所给词为名词时，有时可能不是考察词形转换，而是考察名词复数

①       所填词前通常有many, several, one of等修饰可数名词复数的标志性词语

②       所填词为可数名词，但其前没有限定词修饰时，通常考虑复数形式

③       根据句意确定名词的数

（5）          提示词为代词

当提示词为代词时，设空处所填词一般有以下三种情况：

①       做定语：填形容词性物主代词

②       做主语：填名词性物主代词

③       做宾语：填代词宾格，名词性物主代词或反身代词

2.无提示词类

  首先，分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。其次，根据上下文逻辑关系及语义确定具体用哪个词

（1）          缺少主语或宾语，要填it或关系代词

①       缺主语

如果在谓语动词前设空，应首先考虑以下两种情况：

◆it：指代上文提到的某物或某事，或固定句式中作形式主语，或强调句型中用it。

◆关系代词：在定语从句中作主语的关系代词that, which, who等

②缺宾语

  如果空前为及物动词，及物动词短语或者介词，要考虑以下两类

      ◆it：指代上文提到的某事或某物，或在固定句式中作形式宾语

◆关系代词：在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom等

   （2）在名词，代词，动词ing前设空，可以考虑用限定词或介词

     ①限定词

       如果在名词前设空，应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯，名词前一般要有限定词。常考察的限定词包括冠词（a, an, the），关系词（whose等），疑问代词（what, which,等）和不定代词（no, some, any, each, every, either, neither,many等）。

②       介词

如果在名词或代词前设空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语，表语，也不作动词的宾格，该空很可能填介词。此时要特别注意所填词语空前的词是否可以构成固定搭配

（3）若两个或多个单词/短语之间或两个句子间没有连接词，可能要填连词，常考察的有表示承接，平行，递进等关系的and，表示选择关系的or和固定结构或句式中的连词

 （4）若两个句子（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般考虑填从句的引导词

  （5）在形容词或副词前设空，表示程度要考虑用how, so, too等；在名词前设空，如果是感叹句考虑用what等；不定式前设空，要考虑用疑问代词或疑问副词。

  （6）若句子结构较完整，空后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下文在时态或与主语在数上不一致，很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do, does, did等）。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词（do, does, did, have, has, had等）或情态动词（can, may等）。

Singles’ Day falls on November 11th every year in China，which ____41____ (recognize) as a day for people who have no girlfriend or boyfriend. Couples and lovers have Valentine’s Day in celebration of their love，but how about the singles? There must be a day they can celebrate even ___42___ a partner. That’s ___43___ people created Singles’ Day.

___44___ Singles’ Day many singles choose to say goodbye to ___45___ single lives，attending blind date parties，and some people even decide to get ___46___(marry) with strangers. But this day has recently become more of a time for ___47___(shop)，because many shops online will give customers great discount to promote their goods.

More and more people are willing to shop online to get ___48___ they want，and I am one of them. I just can’t help ___49___(buy) things whether I need them or not. ___50___(honest) speaking，some of the things that I bought have been put aside forever in my closet.

1.【2021年江苏省无锡市模拟卷】

In the closing ceremony of the 2018 0lympic Winter Games. China put on "See You in Beijing in 2022", directed by Zhang Yimou. The show centered on the talents of a team of 24 roller-skating ___41___(perform) from Beijing Sport University. Two of them___42___(dress) as "Panda Captains" led the performance. The performance reviewed China's ancient times, ___43___(show) the country's rich cultural heritage (遗产)and singing about the present. as well as the future that ___44___(lie) ahead.

In addition to traditional symbols including the Great Wall and lucky animals___45___the Chinese dragon and the Chinese phoenix, the performance also showed China's recent engineering and___46___(technology) achievements. Towards the end of the performance, the Olympic rings ___47___(rise) on the stage, as well as images of a global village, children's smiling faces, olive branches and plum blossoms(梅花),___48___stood for China's promise to promote global peace and building a better future for mankind. Finally, the skaters travelled a path on ice ___49___(draw) the “Winter Dream" sign of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. The performance ___50___(successful) sent Chinese people's goodwill and invitations to the world for Beijing 2022.

2.【2021年江苏省南京市模拟卷】

Food production is the course of changing raw ingredients into prepared food products.Food production includes industries___36___take raw food products and change them into items that can be sold in the market.Home food production includes ____37____(change)into forms for long-term storage.

The food production industry takes fruits,vegetables and grains directly in their harvested farms and _____38_____(make)these food into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets.Food production includes both simple processes,such as cleaning and packaging,  ___39___complex processes like adding different ingredients and artificial things.Food production processes create products with _____40_____(long)shelf lives than raw food ingredients.

Some food production skills,like smoking and salting meats for long-term storage,go back ___41___prehistoric times.In the 19th century,canning ______42______(become)a popular method food production.Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production skills ____43____(produce)food for their families.

Food production skills make food products have long shelf lives,they also have disadvantages. During high-temperature processing,for example,raw foods lose nutrients.Food production industries also add artificial colors to make food ____44____(attract).Although governments test all these artificial things,many people question _____45_____ it is totally safe to use them too much in food.

3.【2021年江苏省苏锡常镇四市第二次模拟卷】

Wearing blue jeans, Gary stood in front of an expensive     56  (tailor)shop. After hesitating for several moments, he finally went in and asked to see the suit in the window. The shop assistant looked     57    on Gary because of the way he     58    (dress). Glancing at him     59    (impatient), he whispered to the owner nearby. With the owner's     60    (permit), he said that the suit had already been sold. Gary was angry that he was judged by     61    he was wearing. The next day he returned to the same shop, dressed more properly this time. After seeking out     62    assistant, he asked to see an expensive-looking suit on an upper shelf. Not realizing who Gary was, the assistant was eager to carry out his duty properly this time. With great patience and difficulty, he climbed up to bring the suit down,   63    (apologize) for keeping Gary waiting. The moment Gary looked at it more closely, 64    he said he did not like it. He enjoyed     65    (he), making the assistant bring almost everything in the shop to him before he finally settled on buying a tie. Would you do the same if you were Gary?

4.【2021年江苏省南通市模拟卷】

Peking Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theater that56．   ( appear) in Beijing in the late 18th century.57．   (combine) music, song, dance and acrobatics (杂技动作) in a lively and colorful display, it is a 58．   ( relative) new style of drama, compared to other types of Chinese theater.

In the early years of Peking Opera, all the actors were men,59．    the roles of women played by young boys. The stories fell into two main 60．   ( category) -wen, or civil theater, which focused on love, marriage and other civilian concerns, and wu,or military theater, which focused on the theme of war and was known for featuring thrilling stage actions.

In the first half of the 61．   (twenty) century, the most famous actor of Peking Opera was Mei Lanfang,62．    played a key role in popularizing Peking Opera and introducing Chinese theater to the West. Additionally, Mei also took the bold step of taking on female students, which was 63．   highly risky and unconventional step at the time.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Opera performances, which dealt with contemporary and revolutionary themes, were encouraged. Despite 64．   ( it) ups and downs, Peking Opera was revived(复兴) in the 1980s and continues to 65．   (perform) today.

1.【2021年全国高考I卷】

The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible  ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.

After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!

We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.

2.【2021年全国高考II卷】

Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.

Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:

·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.

·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.

·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.

·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.

3.【2021年新高考I卷】

Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song" The Long and Winding Road".     56     is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we    57     

(human) are.

The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will     58       (undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the       59      (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is-always leaving us       60      (astonish).

What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it     61  

(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure       62      offers a place where you can sit down to rest your      63      (ache) legs.

As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in      64      (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is      65    must to visit!

4.【2021年浙江高考卷】

It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.

When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.

Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.

___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.