解密16 读后续写与概要写作要义(讲义+分层训练)-【高频考点解密】2022年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练(浙江专用)

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解密16 读后续写与概要写作要义  考点热度   ★★★★☆内容索引核心考点1 读后续写与概要写作的特点核心考点2 读后续写与概要写作的方法 第一部分  读后续写的细节刻画一、动作描写1. 动作描写的3个原则①要准确：表现一个动作可以利用许多动词，但应恰当利用最准确的动词，刻画对应的动作。②有过程：展示人物个性的动作时，应通过细节描写展示出动作的过程，在续写时，应按动作的先后顺序叙述整个过程。③用修饰：在描写动作时，可利用各种状语，说明时间、地点、原因、伴随等情况，使动作描写更丰富。2. 动作描写常用的高分素材与肢体语言相关的动作描写素材(1)head①She turned and headed for the door.她转身朝门走去。②He buried/put/held his head in hands, greatly annoyed.他双手抱头，非常生气。③Many people in the audience nodded in agreement.许多观众点头表示赞同。④I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow.头一碰枕头我就睡着了。⑤He hung/dropped/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.他羞愧地低下了头。(2)face①Her face paled with fright.她吓得脸都白了。②A bright smile appeared on/spread across/crossed his face.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。③Her face lit up/brightened/glowed when I gave her the present.我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩。(3)cheek①Color rushed/flooded/rose to her cheeks when she realized she was being watched.意识到有人在看她，她顿时涨红了脸。②He felt his cheeks burning with shame.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧。③Her cheeks were wet with tears.她泪流满面。(4)eye①He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.听到门把转动的声音，他向门那边看去。②Tina squeezed her eyes shut and bit her lip.蒂娜闭上双眼，咬了咬嘴唇。③She looked at her father straight in the eye and answered his question truthfully.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。④She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Joan's face.她试图坐起来，双眼紧盯着琼的脸。⑤I felt tears well up in my eyes.我感到泪水在眼里涌出来。(5)mouth①Our mouths dropped open in surprise.我们惊奇地张大了嘴。②My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。③My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都提到嗓子眼了。(6)hand①She took the child's hand and helped him climb the steps.她拉住孩子的手牵着他爬上台阶。②He reached for her hand and held it tightly.他伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。③She shrugged and spread her hands. “That's all I can tell you.”她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。”④She shivered, rubbing her hands together fiercely.她一边颤抖，一边使劲搓着双手。⑤Her hands shook/trembled as she lifted the glass to her lips.她的手颤抖着把杯子送到唇边。(7)arm①He was running forward, waving his arms.他挥舞着胳膊向前跑着。②He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.他交叉着双臂站在那里，看上去怒气冲冲。③She folded her arms and stared at him.她交叉着双臂注视着他。 二、心理描写1. 心理描写的2种方法心理描写可以揭示人物的内心世界，表达人物的性格、特点、感情和思想等。心理描写可以运用直接描写和间接描写两种方法。①直接描写：直接写主人公的想法、感受、打算等，在具体写作时，可用“I felt”“she thought”“he would”等句式。②间接描写：人物的性格不同，情绪不同，其所表现出的动作和神态也就不同，因此可以利用人物的动作和神态体现其心理，也可以利用语言描写表现人物心理。2. 心理描写的高分素材(1)表“害怕”的心理①My throat tightened and my knees felt weak.我喉咙发紧，双膝发软。②I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.我吓呆了，一动也不动。(2)表“愤怒”的心理①Her face clouded with anger.她满脸怒气。②His voice trembled with anger.他气得声音发抖。③He let out cries of anger.他发出愤怒的喊声。(3)表“悲伤和绝望”的心理①His heart sank at the news.听到这个消息，他的心一沉。②Overcome with bitter disappointment, he locked himself up in his room.由于极度失望，他把自己锁在房间里。③He was abruptly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.他突然被抛进一个黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。(4)表“尴尬、紧张”的心理Sweat was pouring down my face.汗水从我脸上滚落下来。(5)表“震惊”的心理①She froze with shock, as if rooted to the spot.她吃惊得呆住了，就像在原地生了根似的。②Her eyes widened further and his mouth opened.她的眼睛睁得更大了，他的嘴张开了。三、对话描写1. 对话描写的3种表现形式①提示语在前，如A few minutes later, she said, “Grandmother, I am finished now.”②提示语在后，如“Here is Susan！” the girls cried.③提示语在中间，如“I'd like to go with you，” replied Susan, “but I cannot finish the task grandmother set me to do.”2. 对话描写的3个原则在进行续写时，应根据故事情节发展和人物特征灵活运用对话描写优化续写部分的语言。利用对话描写时，应注重3个原则。①控制对话的比重。对话虽有助于推动故事情节的发展，但不能代替故事情节。读后续写的对话部分所占比重不应高过叙事部分的比重。②对话内容应符合人物特点。不同的人物有不同的身份和性格，因此他们的话语应与原文人物特点吻合。③对话内容应紧扣原文主旨。所写对话应围绕某一中心或话题，且应与原文主旨一致，这样续写部分的思路才是清晰明朗的，才能契合故事情节的发展。如果没有一个固定的中心，随意对话，就会显得不知所云，偏离故事的主题。例如攻略3中的例题第一段中可利用母亲与父亲的简短对话体现母亲健忘的性格。四、外貌性格描写1. 外貌性格描写的3个原则①进行外貌描写时，可写对一个人的总体印象，也可以抓住人物重要的外貌特征或性格特点进行描述。如攻略3例题原文中第一段对妈妈性格的描写，采用了loving, sweet, absent­minded和forgetful等形容词，使一个可爱又健忘的妈妈的形象跃然纸上。②可以具体描述人物的五官、着装，甚至可以配上动作描述。③在描写人物片段时，可写你对人物印象最深的一两点，再加上一两句人物评价。2. 外貌与性格描写的高分素材外貌描写(1) 她圆圆的脸上有一双蓝色的眼睛，还有两个可爱的酒窝。①On her round face are a pair of blue eyes and lovely dimples. (倒装句型)②She is a girl with a pair of blue eyes and lovely dimples on her round face. (with引导的介宾结构作后置定语，补充说明人物信息)(2)李老师三十多岁，身材适中，常梳着马尾辫。①Miss Li is in her thirties with a medium build and has her hair in a ponytail. (由and连接的并列句；with短语用作状语，表示伴随状态)②Miss Li is a medium­sized woman in her thirties who often wears/ties her hair in a ponytail. (定语从句补充介绍人物特征)③Miss Li, in her thirties, is of medium size, and often has her hair tied in a ponytail. (“be of ＋ adj. ＋ n. ”结构表示人或物具有某种特征。常用的名词有：size, height, weight, build, age, shape等)性格描写①Such is Ms. Han, an easygoing, kind and warm­hearted woman.韩老师是一个随和善良又热心肠的女人。②Though he comes from a poor family, he is a person of great determination and courage.他虽出身贫寒，但拥有坚强的意志和勇气。五、环境描写1. 环境描写的4个原则①选择与主题和情节设置一致的环境要素，以营造故事发生的特定环境。②细致深入。所选的景物一定要运用所学的词汇和句法进行细致深入的描写。③添加附加信息，如天气变化和周边的景物等，如昏暗的路灯、摇曳的树影等。④环境细节描写一定要与动作和心理活动等相结合，才能更好地完成续写任务。例如：攻略3第一段续写中可适当描写一下在帐篷中过夜时周围的环境，突出作者内心的祥和、快乐。2. 环境描写的高分素材①It was beginning to snow, and snowflakes were blinding my eyes.天开始下雪了，雪花让我看不清了。②The sun was breaking through the blanket of mist.太阳穿过薄雾。③Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are flash gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets of white frost.夏天，水稻生长群山绿意盎然。秋天漫山铺金，冬天银装素裹。 ④A little way off was a little brook, rushing and sparkling along between green banks.不远处有一条小溪，在绿色的两岸之间奔流不息，波光粼粼。第二部分  概要写作的语言优化一 、优化你的语言1. 替换单词、短语在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。①利用同义词(短语)或近义词(短语)代替原文单词或短语。②将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。2. 调整句式除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。二、恰当过渡衔接概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。3种使上下文连贯的衔接手段①词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。②逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如besides, in addition, therefore等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。③语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。替代：用代词替代前面的名词(短语)和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。