专题 03 代词专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典

LESSON 3

代词pron.

代词(Pronoun)是代替名词或一句话的一种词类. 大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等.

【课前检测】(5 mins)

I.单句语法填空：

1.[2020 全国I,70] Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains , could help China decide whether ________(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.

2.[2018 浙江 11 月,61]One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause________( they ) to stay awake almost all night.

3.[2017 浙江,59] " She thought I had hurt_________(I)," says Pahlsson.

4.[2016 乙卷(全国I),68] On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _________( it) mother.

5.[2015新课标全国I,63] ...rd been at home in Hong Kong.with_________( it) choking smog.

6. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,________ group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end. (2017全国 Ⅲ)

7.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made _________ impossible for the Plaza to compete(2017 全国Ⅲ)

8.Then the driver stood up and asked,“ Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It's__.__(1)”.(2014 全国Ⅱ)

9.I know I will whisper to_______(I)the two simple words " Be yourself ” . (2019北京)

10.[2015浙江,12]How would you like _________if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

课中讲解

一.代词的定义

代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

二，代词的分类和用法

1，人称代词

主格用来做句子的主语

.I often go shopping on Sundays.                     Are they from Brazil?

宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语

1)Who teaches you English this year?                  2) We often write letters to her.

【过关检测】(1min)

1.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _________every day.(2017 全国Ⅱ)

2.No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_________ (they)alive.(2018全国卷I)

2,物主代词

形容词性物主代词作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。即“形物代+名词”

Is that your umbrella?                    I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.

名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地做主语、宾语或者表语,后面不可以跟名词。即“形物代+名词=名物代”

 This is your cup, but where is mine?

Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.

【过关检测】(1 min)

1.If you have a door to _______ own office, make good use of it. (2016 全国Ⅱ)

2.A few hours earlier, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with_______(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.(2015全国I)

3.   反身代词:

反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)

 Don't play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.

在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)

The story itself is good. Only he didn't tell it well.

【过关检测】

1.People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop _____( they) off anywhere they like , locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.

2.The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use _______ to treat everything from headaches to depression.

3. When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate________(it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk customs as well as other thrilling tourist activities.

4. Before getting on the plane, train, or bus, learn from these mistakes to avoid the crowds and made the most of _______(you) holiday.

4,指示代词

指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词.

 What's this?

That model plane is made of plastic.

【辨析】

this 和 these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物

that 和those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。如:

 This is a pen and that's an eraser. This is a boy and those are girls.

用this或these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物

Now. everybody, watch this.

为避免重复，有时可用that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;

She's very friendly, and that is why we all love her.

【It用法汇集】

1.表示时间，日期，季节，天气，温度，距离，环境等

It is two hours' drive to the beach from my home.

 It is getting hotter and hotter.

It was already eleven o'clock when he arrived home.

2.指代身份不明的人或物，指代有生命但不能或不必区分性别的人或物。

Who is knocking at the door?

It must be Tom. He said he would come.

3.作形式主语，代替由不定式，动名词或从句构成的真正主语。

It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

4.作形式宾语，代替由不定式，动名词或从句构成的真正宾语。

The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country.

The thought it would be good for you to have a holiday.

【过关检测】

用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子

1.我认为我们开这个会是必要的。

I think ______________________________that we have the meeting.

2.众所周知,在世界上中国人口最多。

___________________________China has the largest population in the world.

3.据说他们都去看电影了。

_____________________________all of them have gone to the cinema.

5,不定代词

【辨析】

1.some 和 any 的用法

some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”。“一些”、“某个”，作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:

I have some work to do today.

They will go there some day.

any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”，作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:

They didn't have any friends here.

Have you got any questions to ask?

any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。如:

Come here with any friend.

2.all 和 both 的用法:

all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可代替或修饰不可数名词。

both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。如:

I know all of the four British students in their school.

-----Would you like this one or that one?

------Both.

3. either ,neither 和 none 的用法

either意思是两个中间的任何一个”

neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。如:

Either of the two will do.(我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行)

-----Will you go there by bus or by car?

-----Neither. I will go there by train.(一个都不坐,我坐火车去)

none 表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可指物,后面可跟of 短语,做主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数，三者(或以上)都不。如:

None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我)

4. other、 the other、others 和 another 的用法

another不能修饰不可数名词及复数名词，只能与单数可数名词，表示不确定的“另一个.再一个”。如:another day 另一天

而不能接复数名词和不可数名词，比如说:another days(误),another water(误)，但可以说:another cup of water(另一杯水)

然而，other可与单数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词连用，表示不确定的“另外的”，“其余的”人或物，如:

the other day 另一个男孩

Other boys   其他男孩

other water 其他水

another(另外的,再一,又一)与 the other(另外的一个)主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用 another.

This is one of your socks.Where is the other one? (这是你的-只袜子,还有一只呢?)

I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.  (我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要-块。)

other 与the other的区别:“other+名词”表示“不确定的，其他的，另外的”，若有了定冠词the限定，“the other+名词”则表示特定范围内“剩下剩余的”。

other 与 others的区别:other只能做限定词来用，其后面必须接名词，不能单独使用。比如不能说:other are..。与此相反，others只能做代词，后面不能再接名词，而只能单独使用，比如不能说:others people are...e

5.many 和 much 的用法

many 意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用 much 意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。

I don't have many friends here. (在这里我没有很多的朋友。)

Many died in the bus accident. (许多人在公交车祸中丧失、)

6.   few、little、a few、a little 的用法:

a few,few后接可数名词复数;a little,little后接不可数名词

a few,a little表示“肯定”，一些，相当于 some;

few,little 表示“否定”，几乎没有，相当于 no。

He is very poor and he has little money. (他很穷,几乎没有什么钱)

Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. (别着急,还有一点儿时间呢)

7.复合不定代词

every-， some-,any-，no+body/-one/-thing/-where

每一,某一,任一,无一人或事地方

one 与 ones 用来代替上文一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词,which等。

Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? I don’t like the green ones.

【过关检测】(5 mins)

单句语法填空

1.You are a team star! Working with_________ is really your cup of tea.(2020安徽)

2.Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is__________(2018重庆)

3.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in_________,knives and forks.(2014福建)

4.Niki is always full of ideas, but_________ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川)

5.The meeting will be held in September, but_______ knows the date for sure.(2015重庆)

6.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建)

基础练习：

I.单句填空

1.When told that it was a loss to humans , the farmer burst into laughter and responded,“Our real loss is________ ( we) decreasing income.”

2.My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down,one on each side of_________(I).

3.While it is fun to keep up with the latest news, we may actually be putting _____( we)in danger.

4.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie's story about how first aid saved ___ ( he) life.

5.I don't believe you. Did you see it ___( you)?

6.It is not his fault. I cut _________ ( my ) with a knife.

7. We should be independent of our parents. We should depend on _________( our ).

8.I think_______ necessary to learn English well.

9._________ is no use crying over spilt milk. You have to go on to the last end.

10.I would appreciate _______, to be frank, if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.

11.______ was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

12.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but________of them came.

13.It is easy to do the repair._______ you need is a hammer and some nails.

14.We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for_______.

15.No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the_______.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve your website.

2.I was so stubborn that I wouldn't say sorry to him, believing he had done nothing wrong.

3. When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge and expressed us appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little surprised at first.

4.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made it using some wood we had.

5.We asked John and Jerry , but none of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.

6.We haven't enough books for somebody; some of you will have to share.

7.I think he's just going to deal with this problem other day.

巩固练习：

1.    单句语法填空：

1.[2021江西赣州十六校期中联考,61]Here,there is a lake island famous for_______( it) cherry blossoms.

2.[2021湖南五市十校联考,58]Jupiter’s mass is more than twice than ______ of all the other planets in the solar system combined.

3.[2021河北衡水中学期中,62]Because of traffic jams,_______can be difficult to travel across major Chinese cities.

4.[2021河南洛阳统考,69]The panda's 38th birthday is a big encouragement for those who devote ___ ( they ) to

protecting those precious species.

5.[2021江苏南京学情调研,62]I’d like to make an apology for laughing at you, and I want to give something to you to make ____ up.

6.[2021湖北六校联考,44]_______is believed that washing jeans less often could help reduce the pollution effectively.

7.[2021广东新高考适应性测试，65]You give_______( you) no choice but to learn it and every reason to learn it well!

8.[2020广东六校联考,66]Compared with other major types of tea, it distinguishes itself by ___ ( it) refreshingly sweet taste and beautiful silver-needle-like shape, thus enjoying great popularity among tea drinks.

9.[2020广东惠州高三第二次调研,62]It all came from an experience with_______(he) mother when he was about two years old.

10.[2020江西南昌重点中学高三段考,69]And improved body condition makes______ easy for you to carry out daily tasks.

II.单句改错：

1.[2020全国Ⅲ改错]I tell my mom that... But he insists on us eating healthy food.

2.[2019全国Ⅲ改错】In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.

3.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]1 had done myself homework, but I was shy.

4.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]Mr and Mm, Zhang all work in our school.

5.[2016乙卷(全国】)改错]My uncle is the owner of a restaurant.., Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

6.[2016 甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.

7.[2016 丙卷(全国I)改错]At last, I will be on my own , but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

拔高练习：

A 专项语篇型填空(代词)

The party we held last Saturday was a real success. 1_________ seemed to have a good time. And the food was good. Almost2______ was left. Henry said that he really enjoyed the whole day-3______ the preparations and the party itself.

But I felt a bit upset when George complained about the jiaozi. Indeed,4_______ were so salty, which would have tasted much better if I had put less salt. Some 5______ guests shared my opinion as well, while there were a few guests who said they were6______ but salty.I'm7______ of a perfectionist, so Ill pay attention to this and do better next time.

There were more people than I had expected at the party, and nearly8_______ the food was eaten up. I feared the food was far from enough. How I wish Cathy had turned up as well, so that she might have helped me with my problem. There was a happy atmosphere there, but9_______ didn't take enough photographs. Bob had promised to buy some film for the camera, but he simply forgot to take________10.

B语法填空

[2021广东广州阶段训练]The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history. At the height of1______(it) power , the country's population doubled. The fast growing economy and strong support2_______ the rulers helped the development of technology and the expansion of knowledge. During this period, a huge number of technological innovations emerged. Many of them had significant practical_ ______3 (apply).

One particular invention from this period made a mark on the world:movable-type printing(活字印刷)- that is, individual blocks that could each print a single character and then 4______(use)again. This technology finally emerged in Europe several centuries later. The Chinese language uses a huge number of characters，5 ______most European languages use individual letters. Printing texts made up of individual letters6________ (require) fewer blocks. This invention produced an enormous change in 7______( write)communication in Europe and made it easier for a _8( grow)number of people to learn to read.

The Chinese were also the first to invent the compass , _______ 9 changed how sailors navigated the seas. Together with star charts(星图)- another Chinese invention - and maps, the compass made sea travel much_10____(safe).

C短文改错

[2021四川绵阳一诊]We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us students took part in it excited.

At 8:00 am, we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in

high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoyed the fresh air and the beautiful sceneries. When someone fall behind, others would come or offer help. About two hours later, we all reached the top. Seeing from there, the river below looked like a thin belt. We were such happy that we jumped and

cheered with joy.

The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxed myself. What wonderful time!

参考答案：

课前检测：1.itself   2.them  3.myself  4.its  5.its  6.another  7.it  8.mine 9.myself  10.it

基础练习：

1.    单句填空I..our 2.me 3.ourselves 4.his 5.yourself 6.myself 7.ourselves 8.it 9.It 10.it 11.It 12.neither 13.Al/What 14,any  15.other

Il.1.your-our  2.he 3.us-our 4.it-one 5.none- neither  6.somebody-everybody 7.other another

巩固练习：

I.1.its  2.that  3.it  4.themselves 5.it  6. it 7.yourself 8.its  9.his  10.it

II.1.he-she  2.yourselves-themselves  3.myself-my/the  4.all-both 5.our-his  6.your-our 7.whenever后加I

拔高练习：

A专项语篇型填空(代词)

本文讲述了作者举办的一次聚会，大家在聚会上都玩得很高兴，但也有美中不足之处。

1We/Everybody/Everyone/All这里表示"我们/每人/大家似乎都很开心"。

2.nothing/none 这里表示"几乎没有留下任何东西",故用nothing或 none。

3.both这里用both与后面的and 呼应,"both...and..."表示"两者都"。

4.they这里用they指代前面提到的"饺子"。

5.other"some other+可数名词复数"表示"一些其他的......"。

6.anything语境表示有些人说饺子很咸,然而一些其他的客人说一点也不咸。因此用anything but 表示"决不,根本不"。

7.something 这里用 something of 表示"算得上是......"。

8.all 前面说来的人很多,所以此处表示几乎所有的食物都被吃光了。

9.we语境说的是作者和他的朋友们在聚会中拍的照片不够多,这里

用代词we指代作者和参加聚会的那些朋友们。

10any这里用不定代词any代指前面的film,表示"一点也没有带"。

B语法填空

本文主要介绍了宋朝的一项重要发明--活字印刷,并提到中国人最先发明指南针。

1.its 考查代词。根据语境可知,此处表示"在宋朝的国力鼎盛时期"，故用形容词性物主代词its。

2.from 考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"来自统治者的大力支持",故填from,表示"来自"。

3.application(s) 考查名词。空前有形容词practical,故应填apply的名词形式,表示"应用,运用"。

4.be used 考查动词的被动语态。根据语境可知,每个单独的方块能够印一个单字,然后可以再次被使用,故填 be used。

5.while/but考查连词。根据句意可知，空前说汉语用大量的文字，空后说大部分欧洲语言用单独的字母。故此处前后形成对比或表示转折,应用while或buto

6.requires考查时态和主谓一致。此句主语是动名词短语"Printing texts"且描述的是客观情况，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式 requires。

【易错点拨】要注意made up of individual letters是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰texts。

7.written 考查词形转换。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处作定语,修饰communication,意为"书面交流",故应用形容词written"书面的"。

8.growing 考查词形转换。空前为a,空后为名词number,则此处应用形容词growing,表示"增长的,增加的",作定语修饰number。

9.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecompass,故填关系代词which。

10.safer考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示"指南针与

另一项中国发明--星图以及地图一起使海上旅行更安全”，所以需填safe的比较级形式safero

C短文改错

本文讲述了一次去九皇山的学校旅行。

1.删除on介词多用。表时间的名词前带有last,next,this,these.

that等指示性限定修饰语且其前没有冠词时,其前要省略介词。

2.excited 改为 excitedly 形容词和副词混用。take part in 为动词短语.应用副词修饰。

3.enjoyed 改为enjoying非谓语动词误用。分析句子结构可知,此处为

分词短语作状语,enjoy和we构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。

4. sceneries 改为 scenery 名词形式误用。scenery是不可数名词,没有

复数形式。

5.fall改为fell时态误用。此处表示过去发生的事,故应用一般过去时。

6.or改为and/to连词误用或不定式误用。此处表示"其他人会过来

帮忙",come和offer为顺承关系,故用and;也可以用to,不定式短语表示目的。

7.Seeing 改为Seen 非谓语动词误用。此处为分词短语作状语，see和 river之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。

8.such改为so 固定搭配误用。so...that...和 such...that..."如此......以至于......"都为固定搭配。其中such修饰名词,so 修饰形容词或副词,故用so。

9.myself 改为ourselves 反身代词误用。主语是we,所以反身代词应该

使用ourselves。

10.wonderful 前加a 冠词漏用。time在此处指一段时光,为可数名词

又该处表泛指,且 wonderful 的发音以辅音音素开头,所以其前加a。