专题 04 形容词副词专题-备战2022年艺术类高考英语语法冲刺宝典

LESSON 4

形容词和副词 adj.&adv.

在前面的三章里，我们讨论了名词、冠词和代词，现在该讨论修饰限定成分一形容词和副词了，

形容词(Adjective简称adj)，很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。形容词主要用来描写或修饰名司或代指表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性。

副词(Adverb简称adv)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，副词使用比较灵活，要注意副词在句子中位置。

因此，本章内容安排如下

【课前检测】（5mins)

1.[2021辽宁六校期中联考,45]It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a _______( globe) celebration of joy and love.

2.[2021安徽五校联考,66]If you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose, you are________ ( likely) to become infected than those who wash their hands.

3.[2021江苏四市调研,36]It is not only an important part of________( tradition) Chinese culture but also a way of life for people of all classes.

4.[2021广东四市名校联考,44]California, Oregon and Washington state have seen historic wildfires that have burned faster and_________( far) than ever before.

5.[2021 江西名校第二次联考,67]From late February to early March the following year, a large number of birds begin to fly to the__________(north)part.

6.[2021江苏盐城统考,57&58]_______(hope)，the program will influence behaviors, like choosing__________( little) packaging，throwing away fewer items and finally decreasing use of disposable(一次性的) materials.

7.[2021 安徽合肥调研,61]But the deep sea remains__________( large) unexplored.

8.[2021江西南昌摸底测试,61] China's South-to-North Water Diversion(转移)Project，perhaps the world's_________( large) of its kind , has served as the lifeline of water supply for the dry north.

9.[2021浙江五校联考,65]Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cold,_______( rain ) weather.

10.[2021四川泸州一诊,42]I wasn’t an easy decision, but ________(lucky)，I made it.

课中讲解

一、形容词副词的定义

形容词(Adjective)，形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。

副词(Adverb)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词

二，形容词和副词的用法以及相互转化

1.形容词的基本用法

形容词修饰名词 说明事物和人的性质特征，通常单个形容词放在名词之前，或者系动词之后和不定代词之后

He is a really honest boy.

There is nothing wrong with you.

The old man was very friendly to us.

 2.-ing形容词以及-ed 形容词的区别

(1)-ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving,surprising.worrying 等)主要用于说明事物)表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。

(2)-ed 结尾的形容词(如 delighted,excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。

That play is really exciting.

He is interested in this film.

【过关检测】(3 mins)

一、单句填空

1. However, be _________(care) not to go to extremes. (2017 全国 I)

2. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a_________ (shine) object. (2017浙江)

二、单句改错

1. Mom was grateful and moving.(2016 四川)

2.I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. (2011陕西

3. I am awfully tiring, but I know I will never fall asleep.(2013 浙江)

4.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.(2018全国卷

3.副词的基本用法

副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。

You should think about this problem carefully.(副词修饰动词)

He knew Zhoukou very well. (副词修饰副词)

Obviously, you are wrong.(副词单独做状语，修饰整个句子)

【过关检测】(3mins)

一，单项填空

1.The title will be________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. (2016全 国 1)

2.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which______ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

4.形容词变副词的转换具体规则如下:

1)一般情况下直接加“ly”。如:

quick-quickly;:   polite-politely:   sad-sadly   recent-recently

2)少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e。再加-ly。如 true-truly; due-duly

3)     绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:

polite-politely;   wide-widely;   wise-wisely;   nice-nicely

4)     以“y”结尾的，且读音为 /i/， 先将"y”改成“i”，再加"ly”，如:

 happy-happily;  heavy-heavily; angry-angrily;  busy-busily

但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly.如:  dry-dryly;  sly-slyly   ;shy-shyly

5以ic结尾的词，加ally如

economic-economically,    basic-basically,    scientific-scientifically;

automatic-automatically;   energetic-energetically;但是puplic-publicly例外。

6)以辅音字母加le 结尾时,去e 加y，如:

simple-simply;   considerable-considerably;   terrible-terribly;    gentle-gently;

possible-possibly;   probable-probably;   incredible-incredibly

元音字母加le时加ly，如:sole-solely。但是 whole-wholly 例外。

7)以-11 结尾时，只须加-y，如:

dull-dully;    shrill-shrilly

需注意:有些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如

friendly people;  motherly care;  lovely dog;  monthly exam;  heavenly peace

☆高考中常见的形容词:

regular  official  slow  possible;  great  terrible  lucky; recent  gradual actual  sudden soft mental warm  merry

【过关检测】(3mins)

一,单句语法填空

1.Are you sure you locked the gate? You could___________(easy) have forgotten.

2.She found it difficult to get on with her,___________( possible)because of the difference in their ages.

3.I’m_________(true) sorry that things had to end like this.

4.We are all________(entire) responsible for our actions and for our reactions.

5.There have been some problems but________( basic) it's a good system.

6.She glanced__________(shy)at him out of the corers of her eyes.

三，形容词副词的比较级和最高级

1.形容词副词的比较级和最高级的变形

1)一般单音节词和少数以-er,ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加“est;

①单音节词。如:

small-smaller-smallest                      long-longer-longest

tall-taller-tallest                            warm-warmer-warmest

②双音节词。如:

clever-cleverer-cleverest                   narrow-narrower-narrowest

2)以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;如

large -larger-largest      nice-nicer -nicest       able- abler -ablest

3)在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如:big-bigger-biggest   hot- hotter-hottest   fat-fatter-fattest  sad-sadder-saddest

4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如:

easy- easier-easiest              heavy- heavier- heaviest

busy-busier- busiest             happy-happier-happiest

5)其他双音节词和多音节词(一个元音为一个音节)比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加 most;如:

beautiful-more beautiful -most beautiful   different-more different-most different  easily-more easily-most easily

注意:形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the 副词最高级前可不用。

The Yangzi River is the longest river in the world.

形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。

It is a most interesting film.

6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如

good/well-better-best                 ill/bad-worse-worst  

old-older/elder-oldest/eldest            little-less-least

many/much-more most                far~further/farther~furthest/farthest

2.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1)“A+ be +形容词比较级+than+ B”意思为“A 比B 更......”。如:

This book is thicker than that one.. 这本书比那本书厚。.

注意:

1.在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同-范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。如:

Her friends are more than me. (误)

Her friends are more than mine(=my friends).(正)

2.在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如:

An apple is much bigger than an egg

2)     ”比较级+and+比比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示来越来越....如:

The weather is becoming warmer and warmer 天气变得越来越暖和了。

Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.

3)“the+比较级.，the+ 比较级”，表示“越.....越.....”。如:

The more friends you have, the more you will get.

4)形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最......”的意思。如:

Mary is the youngest in our class. 玛丽是我们班最小的。

5）修饰比较级的词:a bit,  a little  ，much  ，far，still, even 等。

6)表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as+形容词或副词的愿级+as”的句型。如:

This desk is as long as that one.

He runs as fast as his father.

表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用”not so/as+形容词或副词原级+as”的句型，如:

It is not as/so cold today as yesterday.

He did not come as/so early as Tom.

【基础练习]

I.单句语法填空：

1.[2020 全国I,62]Landing on the moon's far side is-__________( extreme) challenging.

2.[2020全国Ⅱ,69]Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The_________( beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.

3.[2020全国Ⅱ,66] __________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.

4.[2020全国Ⅲ,62] One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their____________( fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

5.[2019 全国I,62]It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been__________( poor) studied...

6.[2019 全国I,68] Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚 集)around human settlements , leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are_________(high) than they actually are.

7.[2019全国l,61]On our way to the house, it was raining_________ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.

8.[2019全国,70] But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's___________( wonder).

9.[2018 全国I,69]Running is cheap, easy and it's always_________( energy).

10.[2018 浙江,62]The obvious one is money ; eating out once or twice a week may be _______( afford) but doing this most days adds up.

11.[2017 乙卷(全国I),66]Even________( bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

II单句改错：

12.[2019 全国【改错]I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.

13.[2018 全国【改错]I felt happily that their life had improved.

14.[2018 全国Ⅲ改错]Immediate, I raised my hand.

15. Remain optimistically about your future. A positive attitude towards life can be of great help for your spirit.

16. Nowadays, a large number of people tend to go abroad to be farther educated in order to stand out in this competitive job market.

17.New York can be a very dangerous city, especially at night.Many people dare not go out lonely after dark.

18. Traditional Chinese culture is deep rooted in our belief, and it influences our behavior and thinking patterns.

19.I hope the newspaper can cover the later serious news happening in the city instead of that concerning entertainers or stars.

巩固练习：

1.[2020全国Ⅲ,68]As the small boat moved _________( gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.

2.[2020全国新高考I(山东),36]In the 18th and 19th centuries,________ ( wealth) people travelled and collected plants , historical objects and works of art.

3.[2020 北京,10]They were much stronger than modern humans. but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were._________( smart ) than the Neanderthals.

4.[2020浙江1月,62]This is_________(particular) true in the US.

5.[2019 全国Ⅱ,63]Her years of hard work have________( final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.

6.[2019 浙江,65]School uniforms are ______( tradition)in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.

7.[2019 北京,10]Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and_______( meaning)college experience.

8.[2018全国Ⅱ，67]According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _______( globe)

fertilizer consumption.

9.   [2018全国Ⅱ,63]A taste for meat is_______( actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

10. [2019 浙江,60] When the children are walking or cycling to

school on dark mornings, car drivers can(easy) see them.

11.[2018 全国I,61] According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _________( long) than non-runners.

12.[2018 全国Ⅲ,63]He screams the___________(loud) of all.

13.[2018浙江11月,58] ________(recent)，caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.

14.[2018浙江,63]There could be an even________( high) cost on your health.

15.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),66]...it must have been_______( fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

拔高练习：

A专项语篇型填空(形容词和副词)

It's 1 _______(obvious)right to say that living in the city is _2_______( interest), but compared with living in the country, there are 3______( many ) unpleasant and annoying things, such as traffic jams. Air pollution is also a big problem in the city, especially in winter.4________( addition),the city is very noisy. Life in the country is _5_______(health)in many ways. I always want to escape city life to have a good rest and enjoy the6______( beauty) scenery in the country.

7_______, some people think country life is so slow and boring! Life is sometimes not_ 8______(convenience). As for me, I like the city for its9________(color) and good life, and want the country life for its quiet. When I'm married and have children, Ill move to the country while working in the city. I'm not so sure, _10_

B 语法填空

Passage1(2021广西南宁普通高中10 月摸底测试改编)

During the best of times , many people are doing everything they can to realize their dreams of serving others and making the world a_1_____(good) place. The COVID-19 pandemic(流行病)has made their jobs much 2______( hard). But they have3 _______( quick) changed the way to serve others to keep their communities supported and __4_____( connect).

Maria Rose Belding and her team run the food rescue app MEANS. They connect businesses with extra food to charities that feed the5_______ ( hunger).Despite the restaurant shutdown, she says they recently have had_6_______( much) than half a million pounds of food donated through their platform.

Leslie Morissette knows the importance of keeping kids together. Through Grahamtastic Connection, in the_7____ 21 years she has spent much time providing free technology to children battling serious illnesses, making sure that they stay in touch8 ______their classes and friends. She is now calling on Internet companies to provide their services for free to kids in need.

When COVID-19 hit, Ned Norton had to close his Warriors on Wheels gym, where he has trained members of Albany， New York's disabled community,_9______ over 30 years. He knew his members not only missed their friends but were also10_______(scare).So，Norton recorded a video on Facebook to reconnect while trying to reproduce the fun and laughs from the gym.

Passage2(2019安徽省重点高中大联考改编)

After a few days in Venice we took the train to Florence and my sister left back to the US. It was hard saying goodbye but we were 1_______(excite) to go to Cinque Terre! This is2_______(probable)the most3________(natural) beautiful place I have ever been. There are five small towns that lie along the bay of the Mediterranean Sea.It is so beautiful! You can hike between the five 4________( difference) trails that look over the water. The trails are no joke and some have been pretty hard5_______( especial) in the heat of the day. Today we saw a blind woman holding on to her husband's backpack from behind doing one of the hardest hikes. It was very 6______ ( impress ) that she had the courage and strength to do it. My mom was complaining about her knees before that because they often hurt. However , after she saw the blind woman she said she had nothing to say every day we have spent hiking, swimming, and eating lots of7_________( well) seafood. We are staying in Vernazza and yesterday we lay on the beach in Monterosso which is the 8________( big) town and most9_______(live).I have had an_10_____(amaze) time hiking and swimming every day. Tomorrow we are off to Paris, France for a week! Our last destination of my trip.

passage1(2021山西怀仁上学期期中改编)

I am a student from No. 1 Middle School. Informed that you are looking for a student to serve as an spokesman for pandas, I am very exciting. I hope that I can get the opportunity to do something else for pandas. I have been a panda lover since my childhood. Pandas are too lovely that it bring us comfort and pleasure. They are referred to as a symbol of our country.Unfortunate，such a lovely species is now faced with the dangerous of becoming extinct. What I am eagerly to do is raise people's aware of protecting pandas. I would appreciate if I could be chosen as a spokesman.

passage 2(2020四川资阳上学期一次诊断改编)

Dear Peter,

Our school sports meet will take place in next month. So I’d like to invite you to come and enjoy its opening ceremony with the theme of Ancient Art and New Stage.

The opening ceremony, as an unique event in our school,is to be held on 25th November. It will be quite difference from previously ones since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditionally Chinese culture. Chosen students dressed in costume will perform T'ai Chi, which must be one of the most attraction parts. Additional, traditional Chinese drums will be played, These special performances are surely to impress everyone presently.

I do hope you'll accept my invitation. I'm looking forward your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

参考答案：

课前检测：

1.   global  2.more likely  3.traditional  4.farther/further  5.northern  6.Hopefully,less   7.largely  8.largest 9.rainy 10.luckily

基础练习：

I.1.extremely  2.beautiful  3.Certainly  4.finest  5.poorly  6.higher 7.so  8.wonderful  9.energetic 10.affordable  11.worse

II.单句改错：

12.hardly-hard  13.happily-happy  14.Immediate-Immediately 15.optimistically-optimistic 16.farther-further  17.lonely-lone 18.deep-deeply  19.late-latest

巩固练习：

1.   gently  2.wealthy  3.smarter  4.particularly  5.finally  6.traditional  7.meaningful  8.global  9.actually 10.easily  11.longer  12.loudest 13.Recently  14.higher 15.fairly

拔高练习：

1. 1.obviously  2.interesting  3.more  4.Additionally  5.healthy  6.beautiful 7.However  8.convenient  9.colorful 10.though
2. Passage 1

1.   better  2.harder  3.quickly  4.connected  5.hungry 6.more  7.last/past 8.with  9.for  10.scared

Passage 2

1.   excited 2.probably 3.naturally  4.different  5.especially 6.impressive 7.good  8.biggest 9.lively 10.amazing

短文改错：

Passage1

1考查冠词。句意:得知你们正在寻找一名学生担任大熊猫的代言人,我非常兴奋。错误处后的 spokesman在本句中表示泛指,错误处需用不定冠词;但 spokesman的第一个音素不是元音音素而是辅音音素故将an改为a。

2考查形容词。错误处作表语,表示“感到兴奋的”,需用 excited而非exciting(令人兴奋的)，故将 exciting 改为 excited。

3考查副词。句意:我希望我能有机会为大熊猫做些事情。根据上下文可知错误处的else是多余的,本句没有“别的事情”的意思,故将else 删除。

4考查副词。句意:大熊猫如此可爱以至于它们给我们带来了安逸和快乐。根据错误处后面的that可知需将too改为so。

5考查代词。错误处指代本句中的pandas(名词复数形式),故将it改为they。

6考查副词。句意:不幸的是，这样一个可爱的物种现在正面临灭绝的危险。错误处修饰后面整个句子，应该用副词而非形容词作状语，故将Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately。

7考查名词。错误处作with的宾语,需用名词而非形容词,故将dangerous 改为 dangero

8考查形容词。句意:我渴望做的是提高人们保护大熊猫的意识。错误处作表语,意为“渴望的,热切的”需用形容词而非副词,故将eagerly 改为eagero

9考查名词。根据错误处前的名词所有格可知错误处需用名词而非形容词,故将aware 改为 awareness。

10考查代词。句意:如果我被选为代言人,我将感激不尽。I would appreciate it if...为固定句式，故在 appreciate后加it。

Passage 2

考查介词。句意:我们的校运动会将在下个月举行。由“this/that/these/those/last/next/every/each+名词”作时间状语,前面不必加介词,故将in删除。

2考查冠词。句意:开幕式将于11月25日举行,这是我们学校的一项独特的活动。错误处表示泛指,且后面的unique以辅音音素开头,故将an改为ao

3考查形容词。句意:它将与以前的比赛有很大的不同,因为它的目的是通过中国传统文化来弘扬体育精神。错误处作表语,表示主语特征,需用形容词而非名词,故将 difference 改为 different。

4考查形容词。错误处作ones的定语,需用形容词形式,故将previously 改为previous。

5考查形容词。错误处修饰名词culture,作定语,需用形容词而非副词形式,故将traditionally改为 traditional。

6考查形容词。句意:人选的学生将穿着太极服装表演太极拳,这一定是最吸引人的部分之一。错误处作名词parts的定语,需用形容词形式,故将attraction改为 attractive,意为:吸引人的。

7考查副词。句意:此外,还将表演传统的中国鼓。错误处应该用副词additionally,相当于in addition besides,意为:此外。

8考查形容词。句意:这些特别的表演一定会给在场的每个人留下深刻的印象。be sure to do sth意为:肯定会做某事。

9考查形容词。形容词present作后置定语,意为:在场的。

10考查动词短语。句意:我真希望你能接受我的邀请。期待你早日回信。look forward to为固定短语，意为:期盼。