专题08 定语从句 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

专题08 定语从句（教师版）

1：语法填空

1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 　　　　　it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 

2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist 　　　　　paintings were almost lifelike. 

3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,　　　　　 she opened with her late husband Les. 

4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters 　　　　　had great experience with caring for these animals. 

5.(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work,　　　　　helps them keep fit. 

6.（2021·天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.

7.（2021·天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.

参考答案：

1.where　2.whose　3.which　4.who　5.which  6.from which  7.where

2：短文改错

1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.              　　　　　 

2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy. 　　　　　 

3.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.              　　　　　 

4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.              　　　　　 

5.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They also had a small pond,which they raised fish.

参考答案：

  1.what→that　2.what→which　3.where→when　4.what→that/which　5.在which前加in或which→where

1：考点梳理

1. 引导定语从句的关系词；
2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
3. “介词＋关系代词”的结构；
4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。

考点1　定语从句的种类

(1)限制性定语从句

从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。

This is the house which we bought last month.

(2)非限制性定语从句

从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

考点2  关系代词与关系副词

考点3　　关系代词that和which的特殊用法

1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：

(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。

I will tell you everything that I know.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。

What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?

(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。

Chatting is the only thing that interests her.

(4)先行词中既有人也有物。

The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me.

(5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?

2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：

(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。

The house in which we live is very large.

(2)非限制性定语从句中。

He changed his mind, which made me angry.

(3)先行词本身是that。

What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?

考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

考点5　关系代词as和which的区别

1. 位置不同。

as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。

As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.

Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.

2. 意义不同。

as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。

As often happened, they won the football game again.

It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.

3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。

Such books as you want are sold out.

一、单句改错

1. They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

2. The old temple that roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

3. There are three people in my family and I’m the only one child, who is common in Chinese families.

4. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.

5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.

6. I have three foreign teachers, two of them are from Canada.

7. I finally knew the reason what she didn’t talk to me and comforted her.

8. I made friends with the daughter of my home-stay family, which was a college student.

9. You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.

10. At the same time, another student, that saw everything, went up to help.

参考答案：

　1. which改为where 或在其前加in　2. that改为whose   3. who改为which/as　4. that改为which　5. which改为that   6. them改为whom或在two前加and　7. what改为why　8. which改为who　9. they改为who或在其前加 and　10. that改为who

二、单句语法填空

  1. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ____________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

3. Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard ________ is speaking to the students？　

4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ____________ they can see themselves differently.

5. Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of _____were English novels.

6. Who is the girl ____________ is wearing a red coat?

7. I live next door to a couple ____________ children often make a lot of noise.

8. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without __________ help I would never have got this far.

9. It’s one of the few countries ____________ people drive on the left. 

10. The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

参考答案：

1. which　2. whose　3. who/that　4. where　5. which　6. that　7. whose　8. whose　9. where　10. as/which　

一、单句改错

1. Actually, it is important for us to communicate with our parents because they are the dearest people in our life, whom care for us all the time.

2. Take part in activities at school, through what you can establish more friendships.

3. I am writing to complain about a sweater and a pair of shoes what I bought from your shop last month.

4. Whatever is left may be put into the refrigerator, when it will keep for two or three weeks.

5. My house is about three kilometers away from Xi’an Moslem Street where is full of local foods.

6. The days are gone that physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

7. First, the place where we’ve decided to visit is not far away from the city.

8. Many countries are now setting up national parks which animals and plants can be protected.

9. The prize will go to the writer who story shows the most imagination.

10. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from which effects the people are still suffering.

参考答案：

　1. whom改为who　2. what改为which   3. 去掉what或将其改为which/that　4. when改为where   5. where改为which/that　6. that改为when　7. 去掉where或将其改为which/that　8. which 改为where或在其前加 in　9. who改为 whose　10. which改为whose

二：语法填空

1. Sales director is a position ____________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

2. This is the very dictionary ____________ I want to buy.

3. In our school there are 2，000 students, about two fifths of ____________ are girls.

4. She came with three girls, none of ____________ I had ever met before.

5. The only thing ____________ is slower than before is the way we drive.

6. The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting ____________ he had ever done.

7. To the Egyptians, green is a color ____________ represents the hope and joy of spring.

8. She dreamed of the day ____________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”

9. The police must give the suspect the reasons ____________ they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.

10. She is late, ____________ is often the case

参考答案：

1. where　2. that　3. whom　4. whom　5. that　6. that　7. which/that　8. when　9. why　10. as/which

1：语法填空

 1.She brought with her three friends,none of 　　　　　I had ever met before. 

2.It was on the farm 　　　　　we worked that I got to know her. 

3.A person 　　　e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. 

4.You should read only such books 　　　you can understand without much difficulty. 

5.Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases 　　　　　beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 

6.The reason 　　　he wants to sell his house is that he needs a lot of money for his operation. 

7.Eric received training in computer for one year,after 　　　　　he found a job in a big company. 

8.She was pleased with the way 　　　　　he had accepted her criticism. 

9.We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of 　　　　　are healthy.At the age 　　　　　other people retire,Francis began the greatest cause in his life. 

10.They talked of things and persons 　　　　　they remembered in the school. 

参考答案：

1.whom　2.where　3.whose　4.as　5.where　6.why　7.which

8.that　9.whom;when　10.that

2：短文改错

1.This is the longest train which I have ever seen. 　　　　　 

2.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport. 　　　　　 

3.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong. 　　　　　 

4.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.

5.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned. 　　　　　 

6.Chapin,for who money is now no problem,starts a new film company with his friends.

7.It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time. 　　　　　 

8.They have decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice. 　　　　　 

9.I’ll tell you all what he told me last week. 　　　　　 

10.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.

参考答案：

　1.which→that　2.Which→As　3.去掉it　4.which→when

5.who→whom　6.who→whom　7.that→whose　8.that→which

9.what→that　10.whom→whose

3：篇章训练

（A）

Linqing City is connected to Beijing, over 400 kilometers away, through its tribute(贡品) bricks. Linqing tribute bricks, or Gong Bricks, were transported to the country’s capital through the Grand Canal for the   1    (construct) of historical buildings like the Forbidden City. Local people call the type of brick a legend   2   flows from the Grand Canal. This "legend"   3   (list) as an example of national cultural heritage on June 14, 2008.

Linqing sits at the confluence (交汇处) of the Weihe River and the Grand Canal, making transportation very    4   (convenience) .

During the Ming and Qing (1368-1912) dynasties, Linqing was a large important city   5   a population of over one million. Linging tribute bricks earned their reputation during the Ming Dynasty, when they were   6   (wide) used for imperial buildings. Apart from the transport links, the quality of the brick is one factor to make    7   famous.

The "Lianhua" soil in Linging is   8   ideal raw material for bricks. The city is located in the plain of the Yellow River. So when the Yellow River floods, there will always be a layer of fine sandy soil   9   (cover) the local soil. Over time, a layer of sandy soil and a layer of clay will form an overlapping structure, known as "Lianhua". Linging tribute bricks   10   (make) of this soil will not be out of shape easily.

参考答案：

1．考查名词。句意：临清贡砖，或称宫砖，通过大运河运往首都，用于建造历史建筑，如紫禁城。分析句子结构the ____1____ (construct) of，此处应该用名词形式，作介词for的宾语，所给词construct是动词，其名词是construction。故填construction。

2．考查定语从句。句意：当地人称这种砖为源自大运河的传说。此处是限定性定语从句，a legend是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。

3．考查动词时态及语态。句意：这个“传说”于2008年6月14日被列为国家文化遗产。这里在描述过去发生的事情，且主语This "legend"和谓语动词list之间是被动关系，所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。

4．考查形容词。句意：临清地处渭河与京杭大运河的交汇处，交通十分便利。固定搭配：make+宾语+宾语补足语，此处是形容词作宾语补足语，所给词convenience是名词，其形容词是convenient。故填convenient。

5．考查介词。句意：明清时期（1368-1912），临清是一个人口超过一百万的重要城市。固定搭配：with a population of“有……人口”，其中with的意思是“具有，和……在一起”。故填with。

6．考查副词。句意：陵贡砖在明朝时赢得了声誉，当时它们被广泛用于帝王建筑。此处used是动词，由副词修饰，所给词wide是形容词，其副词是widely。故填widely。

7．考查代词。句意：除了交通便利，砖的质量也是让它出名的一个因素。此处用代词it，指代前面的the brick。故填it。

8．考查冠词。句意：岭南的“莲花土”是一种理想的制砖原料。此处泛指“一种理想的原料”，且ideal是以元音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以当黄河泛滥时，总会有一层细沙覆盖在当地的土壤上。sandy soil和cover之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填covering。

10．考查非谓语动词。句意：用这种土壤制成的砖不容易变形。固定短语：be made of“由……制成”，此处bricks和make之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。

（B）

One of my classmates got a scholarship for his wonderful performance at school in last year. As further as I know, 50% of his scholarship is spent on daily meals. And I bought a new smartphone with another 30%. He thought that it was common for a student use a smartphone at school. In additional, he took 12% out of the scholarship to treat other student. The rest of his scholarship, 8% of the total, went on his favorite books. Personal, I think it is unnecessary for students to have a smartphone of their own. In all, at present our main task is to study. We had better spend money wise.

参考答案：

1. 考查介词。句意：我的一个同学因去年在学校的出色表现而获得奖学金。last year单独作时间状语，前面不用介词，in是多余的。故删去last前的in。

2. 考查固定短语。句意：据我所知，他将一半的奖学金都花在吃饭上了。固定短语“as far as I know”译为“据我所知”。故将further改为far。

3. 考查时态。句意见上一题。根据全文时态可知，本文讲述过去发生的事实，需要用一般过去时。故将is改为was。

4. 考查代词。句意：他用另外30%的钱买了一部新的智能手机。根据句意可知，此处表达“我的同学用他的奖学金买了手机”，所以需要用he来作句子的主语（上文的his 表明是男同学）。故将I改为he。

5. 考查不定式。句意：他认为学生在学校使用智能手机是很常见的。在固定句型It is/was+adj+for(of) sb. to do sth.中，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故在use前加to。

6. 考查固定短语。句意：此外，他还从奖学金中拿出12%用于款待其他的学生。固定搭配in addition译为“此外”。故将additional改为addition。

7. 考查名词单复数。句意见上一题。other后要跟可数名词复数形式，故将student改为students。

8. 考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我认为学生没有必要拥有自己的智能手机。此处需要用副词personally(就我而言)作状语来修饰整句话。故将Personal改为Personally。

9. 考查固定短语。句意：毕竟，我们目前的主要任务是学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“毕竟”含义，故用固定搭配after all译为“毕竟”。将In改为After。

10. 考查副词。句意：我们最好精打细算。修饰动词spend要用副词wisely。故将wise改为wisely。