03 代词和介词-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
03 代词和介词
【知识框架】
代词
I. 代词可以分为以下八大类
1
人称代词
主格
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
形容词性物主代词
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性物主代词
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
2
反身代词
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
3
指示代词
this, that, these, those, such, some
4
疑问代词
who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
5
关系代词/连接代词
that, which, who, whom, whose, as
6
不定代词
one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
7
相互代词
each other,one another
II. 不定代词用法注意点
类 别
区 别
例 句
one, some，
any和it
one可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones
①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet.
A.one B.ones C.it D.them
②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.
A.one B.ones C.it D.those
some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等
—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________?
A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle
some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个
①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
—________way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either
one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。
—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?
—No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it
some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句
①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________.
A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any
②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.
A.none B.either C.any D.each
③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk.
A. any B. many C. some D. much
each和every
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上
①Each student has a pocket dictionary.
Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.
②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
none和no
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以
①There is no water in the bottle.
②How much water is there in the bottle? None.
③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
other和another
other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他
词连用，如：the other day, every other
week, someother reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others
①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.
A. another B. the other C. neither D. each
②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，
复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或
事”
①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month．
A．the other B．some C．another D．other
②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
③Some like football, while others like basketball.
either和neither
前者意思为：两者都（两者中任何一方都）；后者意思为：两者都
①—Do you want tea or coffee? — ______, I really don't mind.
A. none B. neither C. either D. all
②It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither C. both D. each

英语中的方位介词
介词的种类很多。有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in（在……里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。
on
(强调与物体的表面相接触)


（不必与物体表面相接触，但强调与物体的位置垂直）
over


（不必与物体表面相接触，也不必与物体的位置垂直）
above

通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:

介 词
图 示
意 义
例 句
1
in

在……之内
The students are reading in the classroom.
学生们在教师里读书。
2
on


在……上面
The boat is on the river.
那条船在河上。
3
over

在……（正）上方
There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
4
under



在……（正）下方
The boat sailed under the bridge.
船在桥下行驶。
5
obove



在……上方
The plane flew above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
6
below


在……下方
The sun sinks below the horizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
7
By

在……旁边
Our house is by the river.
我们的房子在河边。
Beside
Come and sit beside me.
过来坐在我旁边。
8
near


在……附近
I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre .
我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心
9
next to


紧挨……
My best friend sits next to me in class.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
10
behind


在……后面
Olive hid behind a tree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
11
before



在……之前
He made a speech before a large audience.
他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
12
outside



在……外面
He parked his car outside the heater.
他把汽车停在剧场外面。
13
to

到……去
We walked to the fruit shop.
我们步行到水果店。
14
from

从……来
We traveled to London from Edingburgh.
我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。
15
(a)round

围绕……
All sat around the table.
所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
16
between

在……之间（指二者）
The letter B is between A and C.
字母B在A和C之间。
17
among

在……之间（指三者或三者以上）
The house stands among the trees.
房子在树丛中。
18
across


横过、越过……
If the road is busy, don’t walk across it.
如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。
19
through


穿过……
We drove through the tunnel.
我们开车穿过了隧道。
20
onto

向上
The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.
人们把篮子运上卡车。
21
into


进入到…之内
They put the apples into the baskets.
他们把苹果放进篮子里。
22
out of


从……出来
Don’t look out of the window in class.
上课时不要朝窗外看。
23
along


沿着
Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.
沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。
24
up


向上
The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas.
猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
25
down

向下
The ball is rolling down the hill.
球正往山下滚。

【能力提升】
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式．
Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however, neither to be troublesome,1．would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make2．(he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals3．came into the yard．
Once when his master was sick, Fido4．(lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 5． (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 6． him than ever．
Fido even had a chance of 7．(save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly8．dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking9．( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and10．( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well．
【答案】
1．nor
2．himself
3．which/that
4．lay
5．was admitted
6．of
7．saving
8．the
9．to awake
10．gently
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。
1．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。
2．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用反身代词。故填himself。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“______3______came into the yard”是定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。
4．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。
5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。
6．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。
7．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填saving。
8．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。
10．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。
2
While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand. 11． was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.
“ Shall I offer you 12． lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. 13． (strange)enough, the old woman didn’t say a single word all the way. Her only 14． (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.
Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, 15． were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized 16． the lady was a man! After 17． (stop) the car, Linda said, “can’t see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it 18．me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.
When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady 19． (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it 20．two sharp knives.
【答案】
11．It
12．a
13．Strangely
14．response
15．which
16．that
17．stopping
18．for
19．had left
20．were
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下，让一位老妇人打车，发现老妇人是伪装的劫匪后机智甩开的故事。
11．考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气，故填It。
12．考查冠词。offer sb. a lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。
13．考查副词。设空处在句 中作状修饰整个句子，需用 strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。
14．考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句 中作主语，需用respond的名词形式。故答案为response。
15．考查关系词。设空处引导 非限制性定语从句修饰the lady's hands ,且在从句中作主语，故填 which。
16．考查连接词。句意：她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整， 故填引导词that。
17．考查动词-ing形式作宾 语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系，且设空处作After 的宾语，故填动名词stopping。
18．考查介词。句意：你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”， 故填for。
19．考查过去完成时。leave 表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作 found之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故答案为had left。
20．考查倒装与主谓一致。句意：里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这 是一个完全倒装句，主语是后面的two sharp knives ,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。

3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As English learners, we have the alphabet clearly in our mind, in order, from a very young age. You can say the ABCs21．rapid speed and some people can even say them backwards without 22．(think)about it. We certainly can't imagine the alphabet being in any other order. but how did the order we know today come to be?
There’s23．(real) not an easy answer. No one woke up and decided to put the 24．(letter )in that order, the alphabet 25．(evolve)slowly over a long period of time to become 26．it is today. Our alphabet can date back to ancient Egypt. This first alphabet 27．(improve)by the Phoenicians around1000 BC,28．(early)than the Greeks by 200 years, and we have them to thank for vowels (元音 ) From Greece, our alphabet traveled to Rome, and the Romans turned 29． into the“modern”alphabet, with letters we recognize today.
So why that order? While we don’t know for sure. some scholars assumed that the order came from memory cells in our brains meant 30．(help)people remember it-some kind of sentence where each letter became a full word, like the technique you used in school to remember the order of the planets.
【答案】
21．at
22．thinking
23．really
24．letters
25．evolved
26．what
27．was improved
28．earlier
29．it
30．to help
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了大家很熟悉的26个英文字母的由来以及探究了为什么是现在这个顺序呢？
21．考查介词。句意：你可以以很快的速度说ABCs，并且有些人还可以不假思索的将其倒背如流。空格位于名词短语前，和后边的名词短语一起做say的状语，所以空格处应填介词，与其后名词组成介词短语作状语。“以很快的速度”应使用介词at，故填at。
22．考查动名词。句意同上。空格位于介词without后，括弧中给出的是动词think，所以应填动名词作宾语。故填thinking。
23．考查副词。句意：真的没有一个简单的答案。空格处单词位于be动词后，修饰be动词或者整句话，应用副词形式。故填really。
24．考查名词的复数形式。句意：没有一个人醒来就决定把这些字母按那个顺序排列，字母是经过长时期的演变才变成今天这个样子的。我们知道字母表有26个字母，所以空格处应填letter（字母）的复数形式。故填letters。
25．考查一般过去时。句意同上。这句话将字母的演化过程，且由“over a long period of time”可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故填evolved。
26．考查宾语从句。句意同上。这是一个宾语从句，主句缺宾语，从句缺表语，所以应使用what做连接词。故填what。
27．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：第一个字母表是由腓尼基人在公元前1000年左右改进过的，比希腊人还早200年。这句话第一个空格处的单词作句子的谓语，This first alphabet与improve之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词使用被动语态。This first alphabet为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数。又由around1000 BC可知，句子使用一般过去时。故填was improved。
28．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。这句话将腓尼基人改进字母表的时间与希腊人对比，所以空格处应填形容词比较级，故填earlier。
29．考查代词。句意：罗马人将它变成了现代的字母表，就是我们现在认识的这样。由and可知，and后是一个完整的句子，分析句子成份，句子缺少宾语。“turn sth. into…”意为“将……变成……”。根据句意，sth.应指代前边提到的the alphabet，故用it替代。故填it。
30．考查不定式作宾语。句意：一些学者认为人们记忆中的这个顺序意味着帮助人们记住它。“meant to do sth.”意为“意味着做某事”，故填to help。
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.
When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly 31． (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 32．(show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. "People who forgive show33．(little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Fre deric Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 34．(feel) more energetic."
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something 35．gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an 36． (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in 37．same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time."
Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 38．(accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person's perspective. You may realize that he 39．she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 40．(you) from that person's point of view.
【答案】
31．beneficial
32．has shown
33．less
34．to feel
35．that
36．apology
37．the
38．accepting
39．or
40．yourself
【解析】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在生活中我们要学会原谅别人，宽恕别人。并且详细的分析了为什么要原谅别人的原因和如何原谅别人的方式。
31．考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是可能的——而且它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。系动词后且由副词surprisingly修饰用形容词。此处应使用benefit的形容词形式。故填beneficial。
32．考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人有更多的精力、更好的食欲和更好的睡眠。此处陈述客观事实，且研究已经完成且强调对现在的影响，用show的现在完成时。So far是现在完成时的时间状语，故填has shown。
33．考查形容词比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据句意此处含有比较的意味，此处的愤怒是与没有宽恕之前做对比。little的比较级是less。故填less。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以它可以帮助减轻免疫系统的疲劳，让人们感到更有活力。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为:允许某人做某事。故填to feel。
35．考查定语从句。句意：做几次呼吸，想想能给你带来快乐的事情。此处that引导的定语从句做不定代词something的定语。且从句缺少主语。故填that。
36．考查名词。句意：别等着道歉。冠词修饰名词。空格前的“an”非常清楚的告诉我们此处应该为apologize的名词形式。故填apology。
37．考查定冠词。句意：他们可能是想伤害你，或者只是看事情的方式不一样。in the same way为固定搭配。意为：以同样的方式。故填the。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来要记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受让你不安的人的行为。该句的谓语为mean，表示“意味着”用动名词形式作宾语。故填accepting。
39．考查连词。句意：你可能意识到他或她是出于无知。此处连续出现两个代词，应为并列的关系，又因为“他”或“他”，根据句意知此处为选择的意思。故填or。
40．考查反身代词。句意：为了获得观点，你可能想从那个人的角度给自己写一封信。自己以别人的角度当然是给“自己”写信。句中主语和宾语是同一个人，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 41．(busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 42．(create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 43． version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 44．(end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 45． into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 46．(respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend, 47． online shopping for Christmas begins.
Last year, 48．(businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 49．(make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 50． about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year.
【答案】
41．busiest
42．was created
43．a
44．to end
45．it
46．response
47．when
48．businessmen
49．making
50．with
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“光棍节”及有关事宜。11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。
41．考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此处是形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。
42．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day 和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为was created。
43．考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处用不定冠词a，结合句意可知答案为a。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to end。
45．考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day，故答案为it。
46．考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处China’s是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答案为response。
47．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
48．考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故答案为businessmen。
49．考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。
50．考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和------在一起”，故答案为with。
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake51．(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 52． the cheeks. This is also common in France, 53． the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 54．universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,55．(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends56．(hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 57．(frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 58．(stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 59．(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 60．(wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
【答案】
51．is considered
52．on
53．where
54．a
55．leaving
56．to hug
57．frightened
58．strangers
59．enjoyable
60．widely
【解析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。
51．考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。
52．考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。
53．考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
54．考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。
55．考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
56．考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。
57．考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
58．考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
59．考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
60．考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class61．March 1st on movable type. This is62．ancient Chinese printing system.
The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term. An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus，63．major responsibility is to teach students how64．(use) the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of mova type along with65．(interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document， 66．(apply) the knowledge they’ve learned. One student printed her 67．(new) written essay “Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?”
68．(know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China， movable type printing69．(invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty， and it is the world’s first system of movable type printing.
The school said the course is aimed at improving the students’ awareness of Chinese characters and their70．(appreciate) of Chinese culture.
【答案】
61．on
62．an
63．whose
64．to use
65．interesting
66．applying
67．newly
68．Known
69．was invented
70．appreciation
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。为了提高学生对汉字的认识和对中国文化的欣赏，浙江省的一所小学开设了一门有关中国印刷文化的课程，并邀请了一位专家来教学生如何使用古老的印刷技术。学生在课上也印刷了属于自己的文件，将所学用于实践。
61．考查介词。表示具体某一天要用介词on，故填 on。
62．考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词，在文中为单数形式，所以要填一个冠词修饰system。根据句意这里是泛指“一个系统”，所以用不定冠词修饰。ancient为元音开头，故填an。
63．考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词An expert in Chinese characters culture指人，空格处在从句中作定语，故用whose引导这个定语从句，故填whose。
64．考查不定式。句意：一位中国汉字文化专家被邀请到校园，其主要职责是教学生如何使用古老的印刷技术。分析可知，how加空格处作teach的宾语，所以用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，故填to use。
65．考查形容词。空格处修饰名词classes要用形容词，表示“有趣的”，故填interesting。
66．考查现在分词。print为句子的谓语动词，所以apply用非谓语形式，apply与其逻辑主语they之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填applying。
67．考查副词。空格处修饰形容词written，应该用所给词的副词形式，故填newly。
68．考查过去分词。invent为谓语动词，所以know用非谓语形式，know与其逻辑主语movable type printing之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用其过去分词作伴随状语，故填Known。
69．考查语态和时态。invent是句子的谓语，和主语movable type printing是被动关系，根据时间状语in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知，动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时。movable type printing为单数，谓语动词也要用单数。故填was invented。
70．考查名词。their后要接名词，故填appreciation。
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 71． (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 72． its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 73． the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.
In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 74． (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 75． (sweet) to the locals.
In mid-September, 76． their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes77． (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 78． (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put79． in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 80． (burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.
【答案】
71．better
72．with
73．and/while
74．juicy
75．sweetness
76．when
77．to be transported
78．hang
79．it
80．burning
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆的特产——葡萄。
71．考查副词比较级。句意：因为新疆比其他地方更适合种植葡萄。“than”表明此处用副词比较级形式，故填better。
72．考查介词。句意：由于新疆的海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，新疆出产的水果含糖量极高。此处用with+名词表示“由于……”，故填with。
73．考查连词。句意：每年秋天，都有大量的葡萄从新疆运往其他地区，（而）其余的则做成葡萄干，这样便于存放。根据句意可知此处表示顺承或对比关系，故填and/while。
74．考查形容词。句意：大量皮薄、大而多汁的葡萄被生产出来。修饰名词grapes用形容词，故填juicy。
75．考查名词。句意：这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和甘甜。作动词bring的宾语用名词，故填sweetness。
76．考查时间状语从句。句意：九月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民正忙着采摘将被运往全国各地的葡萄。根据句意可知此处表示“当……的时候”，故填when。
77．考查不定式。句意同上，grapes与transport之间是被动关系，而且动作发生在将来，所以用不定式的被动式作定语，故填to be transported。
78．考查时态。句意：葡萄藤上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的白葡萄，等待采摘。此处的hang为不及物动词，不用被动语态，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故填hang。
79．考查代词。句意：如果你摘一粒放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记在新疆的烈日下和来自沙漠的风中生产出来的葡萄的甘甜。此处指代“一粒葡萄”，故填it。
80．考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词sun用形容词，burning表示“火辣辣的”，故填burning。
9
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the American Civil War, a young man 81． (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well.
The army needed 82． (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 83． (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 84． (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 85． second chance.
Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 86． (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 87． (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.”
That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 88． display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 89． reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 90． (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness.
【答案】
81．named
82．soldiers
83．was sentenced
84．begging
85．a
86．admirable
87．is
88．on
89．which
90．vastly
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美国内战期间林肯总统宽恕逃兵的故事。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国内战期间，一个叫罗斯威尔·麦金泰尔的年轻人被征召入伍。Name sb. (as) sth.“将某人命名为...”，man与name之间为被动关系，即用过去分词作定语，named的过去分词形式为named。故填named。
82．考查名词。句意：军队急需士兵，以致于他没有经过训练就被派上战场。根据语境可知，军队需要许多的士兵，所以要使用可数名词的复数形式。故填soldiers。
83．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：后来，他因逃亡被判处枪决。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，又sentence是“判决”的意思，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sentenced。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯韦尔的母亲乞求林肯总统，他的儿子年轻，没有经验，需要第二次机会。句子中已经有谓语appealed，故此处用非谓语动词作状语，Roswell' s mother 与beg之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填begging。
85．考查不定冠词的用法。a+序数词为固定搭配，意为“另外几个”。故填a。
86．考查形容词。句意：然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词为形容词。admiration 的名词形式为admirable意为“令人钦佩的” 故填admirable。
87．考查一般现在时及主谓一致。句意：Roswell McIntyre将被重新投入军队。由下文可知此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。故填is。
88．考查介词。句意：那封由林肯总统签署的信在国会图书馆展出。on display意为“在展出中”为固定短语。故填on。
89．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旁边还有一张纸条，上面写着：“……”。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词anote,且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。
90．考查副词。句意：现在你可能会对宽恕的力量大为吃惊。修饰形容词surprised应为副词，vast的副词形式为vastly，意为“非常”。故填vastly。
10
My name is Li Kang. I live91．Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is my first day at senior High school and I’m writing down mw 92．（thought）about it.
My new school is very good and the teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly. The classrooms are 93．(amaze). Every room has a computer 94． a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write in the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They’re brilliant.
The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman 95．(called) Ms Shen. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She 96．(think) that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too.
Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with 97．(spell)games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the 98．（behave）of the other students shows that they like her, too.
There are sixty-five students in my class--more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. 99． other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a 100．(describe) of the school where we will work and live. I'm looking forward to doing it!
【答案】
91．in
92．thoughts
93．amazing
94．chatting
95．called
96．thinks
97．spelling
98．behaviour
99．in
100．description
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在石家庄上高中的情况，包括那里的学校、班级和老师。
91．考查介词。句意：我住在石家庄，一个离北京不远的城市。固定搭配：live in“住在------地方”。故答案为in。
92．考查名词复数。句意：我把我的想法写下来。此处用名词复数，故答案为thoughts。
93．考查形容词。句意：这些教室是令人惊讶的。此处是“物”作主语，用-ing形式的情感形容词作表语，故答案为amazing。
94．考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：每个房间都有一个电脑聊天的特殊屏幕，几乎和电影院的屏幕一样大。此处是现在分词作后置定语，故答案为chatting。
95．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：老师是一个非常热情的女老师——沈女士。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故答案为called。
96．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她认为阅读理解很重要，但我们在课堂上也说了很多。此处指目前的情况，句子用一般现在时态，主语是单数第三人称she，故答案为thinks。
97．考查动词名词。句意：我们用一种通过拼写游戏和其他活动的有趣的方式做这件事。此处是介词后面用动名词作宾语，故答案为spelling。
98．考查名词。句意：我非常喜欢她的态度，其他学生的行为表明他们也喜欢她。定冠词the用在名词前面，故答案为behaviour。
99．考查固定搭配。句意：换句话说，女生的数量是男生的三倍。固定搭配：in other words“换句话说”，故答案为in。
100．考查名词。句意：今晚的家庭作业，我们必须写一篇关于我们将要工作和生活的学校的描述。不定冠词用在名词前面，故答案为description。