2022届高考英语三轮复习考前冲刺特训+2.+阅读理解记叙文

2022届高考英语三轮复习考前冲刺特训

2. 阅读理解记叙文

◎命题特点及解题技巧

阅读理解记叙文是一种以以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。高考常考的主题包括新闻报道、人物传记轶事等。阅读理解记叙文一般难度不大。

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络及情节，也就是我们常说的“5W1H”即who(何人)、when(何时)、何地（where）何事（what）为什么（why）和怎样（how）。像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型, 而寓意类推理题题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。记叙文的阅读流程如下：

下面介绍几种阅读理解记叙文的常用解题技巧：

一、顺藤摸瓜。

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

二、左顾右盼。在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

三、刨根问底。如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from···?”或是What does the author imply in···?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

四、拨云见日。每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要“左顾右盼”，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

◎典型高考真题体悟

【2021·全国甲卷，C】

When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.

Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.

When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.

When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”

“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”

1. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?

A. He felt disappointed.          B. He gave up his hobby.

C. He liked the weather there.     D. He had disagreements with his family.

2. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?

A. Be careful!  B. Well done!      C. No way!  D. Don’t worry!

3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?

A. To join the skateboarding.     B. To make new friends.

C. To learn more tricks.         D. To relive his childhood days.

4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?

A. Children should learn a second language.

B. Sport is necessary for children’s health.

C. Children need a sense of belonging.

D. Seeing the world is a must for children.

◎真题解析

【语篇解读】：本文讲述了滑板运动陪伴作者成长，给予其归属感，表达了作者对滑板运动的深厚感情。

1. A 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句“I felt at a loss and out of place”可知，搬到伦敦后，作者觉得茫然不知所措，并且觉得自己格格不入，由此可推断作者搬到伦敦后觉得很失望，故选A项。

2. B 推理判断题。画线词所在句及后一句句意为：当我玩弄落地技巧时，我的朋友们大声地拍板喊道：“Safe! Safe! Safe!”这是重要的——落地技巧以及成为一名优秀的滑板运动者。由语境可推断，此处在称赞作者滑板滑得好，故选B项。

3. D 细节理解题。倒数第二段中提到，作者在那些匆匆滑过的滑板少年中穿梭，找到了通往横杆的路。接着又提到作者与一个瘦削的滑板少年的对话与互动，由此可见作者难以忘怀以前滑滑板时的快乐日子，作者在重温自己的童年时光，故选D项。

4. C 主旨大意题。本文讲述了滑板运动陪伴作者成长，给予其归属感，表达了作者对滑板运动的深厚感情。作者想借此向各位读者传达了孩子需要归属感。故选C项。

◎高考真题及仿真题专项练习

Passage A

【2021·全国新高考1卷，B】

By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova -not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”

Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.

“A lot of skills are needed for the job You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of"nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.

But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”

Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.

“My husband is the worst page turner,”she laughed.“He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: Turn, turn! Robert is the best page turner I've' had in my entire life”

1. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?

A. Read music.   B. Play the piano.   C. Sing songs.   D. Fix the instruments.

2. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?

A. Boring.      B. Well-paid.     C. Demanding.   D. Dangerous.

3. What does Titterton need to practise?

A. Counting the pages.      B. Recognizing the"nodding".

C. Catching falling objects.   D. Performing in his own style.

4. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband“the worse page turner”?

A. He has very poor eyesight.      B. He ignores the audience.

C. He has no interest in music.     D. He forgets to do his job.

Passage B

【2020·全国卷II，D】

I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.

My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.

As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .

Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.

As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

1. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?

A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.

2. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Pleasure from working in the library.

B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.

C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.

D. A closer bond developed with the readers.

3. What does the author call on other writers to do?

A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.

C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge

B. My Idea about writing

C. Library: A Haven for the Young

D. My Love of the Library

Passage C

【2020·新高考全国卷I卷，B】

Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.

Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.

Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.

Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ‘‘Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,’’ she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s pretty powerful.

1. What did Jennifer do after high school?

A. She helped her dad with his work.

B. She ran the family farm on her own.

C. She supported herself through college.

D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.

2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield?

A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.

C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.

3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

A. Her health. B. Her time with family.

C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.

4. What can we learn from Jenifer’s story?

A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.

C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.

Passage D

【2022·河南省名校联盟高三2月教学质量检测，B】

A first grade teacher from Suffolk, Virginia found a way to teach her students about black history by taking them back in time to meet celebrated black figures. For each day of Black History Month, LaToya McGriff has dressed up like a famous African-American pioneer and taught her students about their significant contributions to the U. S.

    On Monday, February 3, she dressed up as Virginian native Mary Jackson and began her creative class. “She was a mathematician who worked as an aeronautical（航空的） engineer whom people referred to as a human computer,” McGriff wrote on Facebook. She shared a photo of herself in 1960s clothing, like Jackson would have worn when she worked for NASA.

    Jackson was one of the three “human computers” described in the book and film Hidden Figures, which revealed the African-American female mathematicians whose efforts helped put men on the moon.

    Once McGriff started dressing up, she kept going. By February 18, McGriff’s Black History Month lessons were starting to gain attention online. She was interviewed by CBS News, and said she works at a majority-black school and “wanted students to see that people who look like them contribute”.

    She said that the seeds for this project were planted in her years ago by a teacher who did something similar. “That’s what I remember, having a teacher come dressed as a storybook character. Well, I could dress up as a different figure, an African-American figure from the past or present so they can see themselves represented,” McGriff said.

    “My students will want to know who I will be tomorrow. Today, they just said ‘Are you going to be so-and-so?’ Because they want to know and kind of prepare themselves for it so that they can tell me something they know about the person,” she said.

    McGriff said bringing history alive kept her students curious and asking questions, and she’s hoping the overall project will give them the confidence to know that, like these historic figures, they can be great, too.

1. What can we learn about LaToya McGriff from the text?

A. Her students are all black.

B. She is a primary school teacher.

C. Her lessons receive little attention online.

D. She posted a 1960s-style photo of Mary Jackson on Facebook.

2. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A. The result of McGriff’s project.

B. McGriff’s reflections on teaching.

C. How McGriff came up with this teaching method.

D. Why McGriff’s students can see themselves represented.

3. How are her students according to McGriff’s words in the last two paragraphs?

A. They have a lot of energy and determination.

B. They have a strong desire to know about something.

C. They give serious attention to what is quite challenging.

D. They show the ability to invent and develop original ideas.

4. Why is McGriff carrying out the project?

 A. To help her students get high grades.

 B. To introduce African history to her students.

 C. To stress big figures’ contributions to the US.

 D. To encourage her students to trust themselves to do better.

◎答案解析

Passage A

【2021·全国新高考1卷，B】

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Robert Titterton在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合钢琴家演出的故事。

1. A。直接信息题。根据题干be able to do to be a page turner定位到第一段not as a musician but as her page turner和but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance可知，Robert Titterton学会了阅读音乐，不是作为一个音乐家，而是作为乐谱翻页者，目的帮助钢琴家Maria演出，故答案选择A项。

2. C。观点态度题。根据题干定位到第三段A lot of skills are needed for the job和第四段Being a page turner requires plenty of practice可知，Robert Titterton乐谱翻页工作需要大量的练习以获得技能，其工作难度大、要求高，故答案选择C项。3. B。间接信息题。根据题干定位到第四段each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner可知，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格，他需与翻页者一起大量练习乐谱翻页，故答案选择B项。

4. D。间接信息题。根据题干Why及the worse page turner定位到最后一段He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’可知，因为Robert Titterton对音乐很感兴趣，常常沉浸在感受着每一个音符，忘了翻页工作，他妻子需不时地提醒他翻页，答案选择D项。

Passage B

【2020·全国卷II，D】

【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。

1. C推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。

2. B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。

3. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。

4. D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

Passage C

【2020·新高考全国卷I山东卷，B】

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

1. C细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。

2. A细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。

3. B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。

4. C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。

Passage D

【2022·河南省名校联盟高三2月教学质量检测，B】

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位美国黑人历史女教师在黑人历史月的每一天穿着像出名的非裔美国人，并教给她的学生有关他们对美国的贡献，用以提升她的黑人学生的信心。

1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A first grade teacher from Suffolk, Virginia found a way to teach her students about black history by taking them back in time to meet celebrated black figures. ”McGriff是一年级老师，可知她是小学教师。
2. C 段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She said that the seeds for this project were planted in her years ago by a teacher who did something similar. ”可知McGriff的这种教学方式是仿照另一位教师的相似教学方式。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 McGriff的学生总是追问她来日要扮演哪个非裔美国重要人物和最后一段中的“McGriff said bringing history alive kept her students curious and asking questions”McGriff的历史课有趣生动让她的学生充满好奇心并不断提问，可知他们的求知欲强。
4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“she’s hoping the overall project will give them the confidence to know that.like thesehistoric figures,they can be great,too,”可知McGriff的项目是鼓励她的学生增强自信以便做得更好。