2022届高考英语三轮复习考前冲刺特训+6.+完形填空

这是一份2022届高考英语三轮复习考前冲刺特训+6.+完形填空，共15页。

2022届高考英语三轮复习考前冲刺特训
6. 完形填空
◎命题特点及解题技巧
完形填空主要考查考生的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在语篇中考查词汇知识（含熟词生义及一词多义）、英语文化背景知识、把握上下文逻辑及整个语篇结构的能力。备考过程中，考生一方面应该注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加考纲词汇中的多义词、派生词积累，另一方面要在日常训练中结合具体语篇不断地提升技法应用能力，具体如下：

完形填空选文的体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，记叙文中，作者一般不会纯粹地就事论事，往往以叙述为主, 兼有对话或作者的观点、感受或评论。夹叙夹议文常采用“先叙后议”或”边叙边议”的写作手法，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，升华意境，表明作者的态度、观点、思想或日的。无论是记叙文还是议论文，把握文章的“双线”尤其重要，“双线”指的是显性的情节线和隐形的情感线。理清双线，文章的脉络随即就明朗了。
◎典型高考真题体悟
【2021·全国乙卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41__ Just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ____42___ of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44____ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while __45___to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ____46_____ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47____ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___ ,and was ready for discharge (出院)after four weeks.
She was __49____ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ___50____ at her recovery. As she was ____51___ she was eager to say___52____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ___53______ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ____54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just ___55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then____56____: "Oh this isn't for the ___57___ I had. I take that as a ____58____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.''
And there you have it. To many people, ___59____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an ___60____ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43.A.brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D.taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D.disappointment
51.A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52.A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D.yes
53.A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54.A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55.A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56.A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57.A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58.A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B.changing C. saving D. building
60.A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra

◎真题解析
解析：本文是记叙文，文章讲述了作者是一名刚工作的护士，开始以为表达感谢很简单，但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。
41. C根据第三段中的...to each of us in the nursing team推断，“我”是刚工作不久的一名护士。故选C项。cleaner 清洁工；chemist药剂师；nurse护士；doctor医生。
42. A由下文那位女病人用钱来表达感谢时，“我”的想法“如果我们有了一系列表达不同层面的感谢话语，那么表达感谢就很容易”才得到验证。故选A项。grade等级，层次；meaning 含义；need需求；expectation期待。
43. B通过下文一位女病人用自己的方式表达感谢的描述可知，“我”表达感谢的想法得到了检验。故选B项。brush aside 放一边去，漠视；put to the test得到检验；bring under discussion 进入讨论；take into account考虑到。
44. D根据后暗示可知，这位女病人还在膝盖替换手术恢复中。recover from在······恢复中。故选D项。
45. A因为在做膝盖替换手术，所以在术后的一天下午，这位女病人肯定是自己尝试去床上。故选A项。
46. A在尝试上床之际，她跌倒了，最终被发现是心脏病。故选A项（eventually）。本空可能会误选B项。误选的原因是认为病人跌倒了，应该是“很不幸”。而事实上，这个病人膝盖手术恢复得很好，于是她就四处活动。但当她活动后准备上床时跌倒了。这不是因为膝盖的原因，而是因为心脏病。
47. B根据前提示The collapse was disastrous可知，因为这次跌倒是灾难性的，所以她需要急救医疗队和好的团队合作来进行治疗。故选B项。
48. C尽管术后恢复很慢，但她总算恢复了，并准备在四周后出院。故选C项。
49. A根据后暗示everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her可知，这位女病人要对医护团队替她所做的事情表达感谢。故选A项。
50. B常识判断她准备出院，肯定心情愉快。于是我们分享了她的欢乐。故选B。
51. D当要离开的时候，她渴望对大家说再见。故选D项。operating操作，手术；thinking思考；hesitating犹豫；leaving离开。
52. C正当她准备离开时，他渴望对我们护理团队说再见。故选C项。
53. A根据后暗示tried to press a five-pound note into her hand可知答案选A项。句意：当她到一个护士旁边时，她尝试向她手里塞进五英镑钞票。
54. D从下文病人迷惑的神态及常识可知，我的同事拒绝接受病人的钞票。故选D项。
55. B排除法得知答案选B项。句意：我们只是在做我们本职工作。
56. C根据后面回答内容可知答案选A项。句意：当我的同事没有接受病人的感谢的钞票并说这是其分内之事后，这位病人很困惑。于是她回答（replied）出了理由。
57. D根据前提示everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her可知，这位病人说，她给钱并不是因为她得到了呵护，答案选D项。
58. B goal目标；given给予；push推动；greeting问候。她意思是，她不仅仅总是“接受”，她也要有“给予”。因为昨天有人给她做了头发，所以她要为此付钱。故选B项。
59. C本句回应全文中心话题：对于很多医护人员来说，救命（saving lives）是工作的一部分。但给人做头发就是分外（extra）之事，应该被得到奖赏。故选C项。
60. D。参见上题解析。

◎高考真题及仿真题专项练习
Passage A
1、 【2021·全国甲卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was _____41_____ at the hotel on business and planning to _____42_____ some friends in the area. They had asked him to _____43_____ some pepperini (辣香肠) from back east. So he _____44_____ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was _____45_____ that it would be too warm, he _____46_____ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was _____47_____ and well chilled (冷却) and he ____48_____.
That’s when things went _____49_____. “I remember walking down the long _____50_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____51_____ to the 4-star hotel. “The seagulls immediately went _____52_____. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____53_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real _____54_____.”
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have _____55_____ and I admit responsibility for my _____56_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____57_____, to apologize for the damage I had _____58_____ caused and to ask you to _____59_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter _____60_____. Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
41. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
42. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
43. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
44. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
45. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
46. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
47. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
48. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
49. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
50. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table
51. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
52. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
53. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
54. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
55. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
56. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
57. A. hands in pockets B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
58. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
59. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
60. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
Passage B
【2020·全国I卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41．A．relief B．target C．reason D．case
42．A．admit B．believe C．mean D．realize
43．A．gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually
44．A．result B．danger C．method D．truth
45．A．merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly
46．A．reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting
47．A．win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out
48．A．dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact
49．A．parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers
50．A．restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences
51．A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt
52．A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral
53．A．traditional B．important C．double D．original
54．A．life B．time C．reply D．history
55．A．by comparison with B．in addition to C．regardless of D．instead of
56．A．get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of
57．A．real B．typical C．similar D．limited
58．A．safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret
59．A．delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept
60．A．hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．intend
Passage C
【2020·全国II卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
42．A．finished B．delayed C．considered D．tried
43．A．attended B．reserved C．cancelled D．run
44．A．shown B．found C．kept D．hidden
45．A．nice B．familiar C．useful D．real
46．A．battled B．debated C．discussed D．bargain
47．A．held B．left C．registered D．brought
48．A．chosen B．received C．ordered D．moved
49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
50．A．concrete B．unusual C．unappealing D．natual
51．A．appreciated B．touched C．researched D．witnessed
52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
53．A．expected B．surprised C．anxious D．ready
54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
55．A．apparently B．confidently C．eventually D．temporarily
56．A．owned B．borrowed C．sold D．stole
57．A．collected B．cleaned C．framed D．studied
58．A．suitably B．actually C．rightly D．specifically
59．A．girl B．artist C．family D．police
60．A．copies B．originals C．models D．presents
Passage D
【2019·全国I卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa．They 41 with them lots of waste． The 42 might damage the beauty of the place． The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro．
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences．
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish． I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths． The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 ．
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top． Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures． This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers． At the base is a rainforest． It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants． Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass． I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand． Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 ： gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks． 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear．
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true．
41． A． keep B． mix C． connect D． bring
42． A． stories B． buildings C． crowds D． reporters
43． A． position B． age C． face D． name
44． A． silent B． skeptical C． serious D． crazy
45． A． discover B． argue C． decide D． advocate
46． A． equipment B． grass C． camps D． stones
47． A． remote B． quiet C． all D． clean
48． A． new B． special C． significant D． necessary
49． A． paying off B． spreading out C． blowing up D． fading away
50． A． atmosphere B． experience C． experiment D． sight
51． A． studied B． observed C． explored D． regarded
52． A． view B． quality C． reason D． purpose
53． A． scientists B． climbers C． locals D． officials
54． A． holding on to B． going back to C． living up to D． giving way to
55． A． changes B． clears C． improves D． permits
56． A． match B． imagine C． count D． add
57． A． village B． desert C． road D． lake
58． A． Obviously B． Easily C． Consequently D． Finally
59． A． permanent B． little C． fresh D． artificial
60． A． enjoy B． deserve C． save D． acquire
Passage D

◎答案解析
Passage A
解析：本文主要讲述了Burchill住酒店时因所带来的辣香肠招致大量海鸥闯入酒店而导致酒店一团糟，因此酒店将Burchill列入终身禁住令，直至道歉后获得解禁。
41. D 选项：studying学习；staying 暂住，逗留；looking看，瞧；packing收拾(行李)。结合下文“planning to _____22_____ some friends in the area”可知，Burchill 因出差“住(staying)”在酒店，并计划“拜访(visit)”该地区的一些朋友。
42. A 选项：visit拜访；help帮助；follow跟随，遵照；make做，制造。见上题解析。
43. C 选项：sell卖，销售；have有；bring带来；taste品尝。由“from back east”可知，朋友们叫他从东部“带(bring)”一些辣香肠。
44. A 选项：filled装满；locked锁上；abandoned丢弃，遗弃；lost丢失。由“full of pepperoni”可知，他把行李箱“装满(filled)”了辣香肠。
45. D 选项：surprised惊喜的；pleased高兴的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的。结合第26题可知，他“担心(worried)”天气太热，香肠放在行李箱会坏掉，所以拿出来“放在(laid)”窗边的桌子上。
46. D 选项：dug挖掘；cleared清除；cut切，剪；laid安放，放置。见上题解析。
47. B 选项：delicious美味的；safe安全的；soft软的，轻柔的；ready准备好的，乐意的。结合“well chilled”及第28题可知，他认为他的意大利辣香肠是“安全的(safe)”并且冷藏得很好，然后“离开(left)”了。
48. A 选项：left离开；nodded点头；waited等待；regretted后悔。见上题解析。
49. C 选项：far遥远的；funny有趣的；wrong错误的；blind盲目的。由后文可知，海鸥闯进来偷吃辣香肠，此处表示“出问题(went wrong)”了。
50. C 选项：beach海滩；driveway私人车道；hall (大楼内的)走廊；table桌子。由“opening the door to my room”及常识可知，Burchill走过长长的“走廊(hall)”，打开房门。
51. B 选项：application申请；apology道歉；request请求，要求；invitation邀请。由第五段的“to apologize for the damage”可知，此处是Burchill给酒店写的“道歉(apology)”信。
52. D 选项：hungry饥饿的；dead死亡的；missing丢失的；wild疯狂的，不受控制的。结合常识可知，人突然出现，海鸥立马“疯狂(wild)”逃跑。
53. B 选项：wake up醒来；get out出去；take off起飞，突然离开，break in闯入，破门而入。由“They rushed to the window”可知，海鸥冲向窗户想逃“出去(get out)”。
54. A 选项：mess凌乱，脏乱；puzzle疑问，困惑；fight打架，斗争；challenge挑战。由前文描述可知，房间到处都是辣香肠，窗帘和台灯掉落地上，场面一团“糟(mess)”。
55. D 选项：recovered恢复；retired退休；escaped逃跑；matured变成熟。由前文的“Older and wiser”及第36题可知，此处表示Burchill“成熟(matured)”了，即已经成年，需要为他自己的“行为(actions)”承担责任。
56. D 选项：suffering痛苦，折磨；plans计划；madness精神失常，疯狂；actions行动。见上题解析。
57. C 选项：hands in pockets手插在口袋里；nose in the air目中无人，趾高气扬；hat in hand毕恭毕敬；feet on the ground脚踏实地。由“apologize for the damage”及常识可知，既然向别人道歉，就要态度诚恳，“毕恭毕敬(hat in hand)”。
58. A 选项：indirectly间接地；deliberately故意地；cautiously好奇地；secretly秘密地。由上文可知，房间一团糟是海鸥造成的，而源头是Burchill把辣香肠放在窗户边的桌子上，即整个事件是由Burchill“间接(indirectly)”造成的。
59. C 选项：replace代替，取代；remember记得；reconsider重新考虑；renew重新开始。Burchill向酒店道歉，请求其“重新考虑(reconsider)”他的终身禁住令。
60. B 选项：arrived到达；worked工作，有效；ended结束；disappeared消失。由后文的“Burchill is now welcome to come back”可知，Burchill得到了酒店的谅解，因此他的信“起作用(worked)”了。
Passage B
【2020·全国I卷】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
41．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
42．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
43．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
44．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。
45．A考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
46．D考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
47．C考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。
48．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。
49．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
50．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
51．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
52．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
53．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
54．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when
they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
55．D考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
56．B考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
57．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。
58．C考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。
59．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。
60．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。
Passage C
【2020·全国II卷】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
41．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。
42．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。
43．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。
44．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。
45．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。
46．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。
47．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。
48．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。
49．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。
50．B考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。
51．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。
52．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。
53．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。
54．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
55．C考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。
56．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。
57．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
58．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。
59．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。
60．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。
Passage D
【2019·全国I卷】
【文章大意】文章围绕人与自然的主题，讲述了乞力马扎罗山（Kilimanjaro）环境遭到破坏的现状，同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统，旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。
41．D 根据首段第一句“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”和下文的“The 42 might damage the beauty of the place”可知，此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。keep“保留”；mix“混合”；connect“联结”。
42．C 根据首段第一句中的“40，000 people”可知，此处指人群可能破坏了这个地方的美景。crowd“人群”，符合语境。story“故事”;building“建筑物”；reporter“记者”。
43．C 根据上文的“damage the beauty of the place”和“The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing”可知，这里指冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的地貌。face“面貌，外观特征”，符合语境。position“位置”；age“年龄，时代”；name“名称，名字”。
44．B 上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏，我对这个地方开始持怀疑态度——其他的目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。silent“沉默的”；skeptical“怀疑的”；serious“严肃的”；crazy“疯狂的”。
45．A 根据下文可知，不久，我就发现，自从读到关于营地里有很多垃圾的令人不安的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。discover “发现”；argue“争论”；decide“决定”；advocate“提倡，主张”。
46．C 根据下文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，此处指营地里有很多垃圾。camp“营地”，符合语境。equipment“设备”；grass“草地”；stone“石块”。
47．D 上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化，此处指我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。此处旨在说明乞力马扎罗山营地的变化。remote“偏远的”；quiet“安静的”；tall“高的”；clean“干净的”。
48．C 由上文的“tons of rubbish”可知，此处指环境的挑战是巨大的。new“新的”；special“特别的，格外的”；significant“有重大意义的，重大的”；necessary“必要的”。
49．A 挑战虽大，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。pay off“奏效，取得成功”；spread out“伸展，散开”；blow up“爆炸”；fade away“逐渐消失”。
50．B 乞力马扎罗山最好的体验不是到达顶峰。atmosphere“气氛，大气”；experience“体验”；experiment“实验”；sight“视力，景物”。
51．D 在许多文化中，山被认为是精神之所在。study“研究”；observe“观察”；explore“探索”；regard“认为”。
52．A 在几公里的空间里，登山者经历五个生态系统，这种观点（山被认为是精神之所在）在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。view“观点”；quality“质量”；reason“原因”；purpose“目的”。
53．B 此处指登山者。scientist“科学家”；climber“登山者”；local“当地人”；official“官员”。
54．D 在乞力马扎罗山的不同海拔高度，生长着不同的植被。乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带雨林，它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断，取而代之的是低矮的植物。hold on to“保住”；go back to“追溯到”；live up to“不辜负”；give way to“被……代替”。
55．A 再往上走，天气变了——低垂的云笼罩着山坡，山坡上长满了茂密的草。change“变化”；clear“放晴”；improve“改善，提高”；permit“许可，允许”。
56．C 从我站的地方，我数了数有十二种绿色。match“相配”；imagine“想象”；count“数数”；add“增加”。
57．B 根据空后的“gravel（砾石），stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。village“村庄”；desert“沙漠”；road“道路”；lake“湖泊”。
58．D最后，你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。obviously“明显地”；easily“容易地”；consequently“结果”；finally“最后，终于”。
59．A 参见上题解析。permanent“永久的，永恒的”；little“小的”；fresh“新鲜的”；artificial“人造的，人工的”。
60．B 乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，络绎不绝的游客正在破坏和平的氛围，它值得这样赞誉吗？enjoy“享受……的乐趣”；deserve“值得”；save“节省，保存”；acquire“获得”。