英语-2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（课标全国专用）

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英语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where is the bank?
A. Beside a cffee shp.
B. Next t a mvie theater.
C. Near a pst ffice.
2.What did the wman buy fr Mary?
A. A CD player.
B. A cffee maker.
C. A bike.
3.Hw did the man get t the meeting?
A. By bus.
B. By taxi.
C. By undergrund.
4.What des the man think f the test?
A. The time was limited.
B. It was difficult.
C. The questins were strange.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A cupbard.
B. A funny bk.
C. The man's friend.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题
6 .When will the exhibitin be held?
A. In 25 days.
B. In 14 days.
C. In 3 days.
7. What des the manager want t d?
A. Return sme f the parts.
B. Put ff his delivery.
C. Test the materials.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What is the man's pinin abut the wman's new class?
A. It's easy.
B. It's tiring.
C. It's demanding.
9.What relatin is the man t the wman?
A. Her trainer.
B. Her husband.
C. Her father.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. When did the wman d shpping?
A. On Saturday mrning.
B. On Saturday afternn.
C. On Sunday evening.
11.What did the man d n the weekend?
A. He visited his grandparents.
B. He did sme exercise.
C. He watched TV.
12. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Brther and sister.
B. Classmates.
C. Teacher and student.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题
13. When did the man begin t take his first serius acting jb?
A.20 years ag.
B.50 years ag.
C.66 years ag.
14.What has been the man's favrite since he gt the rle f Hamlet?
A.Films.
B. Plays.
C. Dancing.
15. Why des the man act in films?
A. T earn mney.
B. T make his life clrful.
C. T enjy the parts in sme cmedies.
16 .What is the man's plan fr the future?
A. He will sing in the theater.
B. He will retire in six mnths.
C. He will wrk as lng as pssible.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What d the data frm psychlgists shw?
A. Happiness brings success.
B. Few peple find the right path t happiness.
C. Outside things have nthing t d with happiness.
18 .What did the specialists frm the universities f Illinis try t find ut?
The secret behind success.
B. The qualities f happy peple.
C. The way t be happy.
19. What d we knw abut the study frm the universities f Illinis?
It included ver 2,000 cases.
B. It was dne by sme cllege students.
C. It shwed happy peple are mre independent.
20. What d the researchers think is the speedy way t becme happy?
Being grateful fr what yu have.
Believing in thers.
C. Being ptimistic.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Fur Best f British markets
Whether yu’re lking fr antiques, fd, cllectrs’ items r just randm junk, ur rich heritage has prduced sme f the finest markets in the wrld. Here are fur f them.
Edinburgh Farmers’ Market
Traders in Edinburgh have lng sld their gds in the shadw f the city’s spectacular castle. It takes place n Castle Terrace every Saturday and attracts a huge crwd with its lcally surced gds. The market is nw in its 15th year and champins the very best in Scttish prduce.
Billingsgate Fish Market
This hub in the heart f the East End f Lndn is the biggest inland market in Britain. Dating back t the 16th century, Billingsgate is nw served by almst every UK prt, with fish transprted thrugh the night t arrive fr trading, which starts at 4 a.m.. It is famed fr shifting 25,000 tns f fish each year.
St Gerge’s Market
Fllw yur nse alng May Street in Belfast and the smells f delicius hme-made fd frm acrss the glbe will land yu in St Gerge’s Market, nce vted the best in the UK. Cmpleted in 1896 and featuring tasty fd, the trading place is als ne f Belfast’s ldest attractins, thanks t its wide range f gds and live music perfrmances.
Frd Airfield Market
Lking fr an ld-style prsthetic leg, a ventrilquist’s dummy, r even a suit f armur? The chances are yu’ll find what yu’re after – and plenty f ther randm stuff – at ne f the hundreds f stalls here in West Sussex. Huge car-bt sales (旧货市场) are held at the weekends all year rund, cme rain r shine. The market has been running fr 25 years and is a well-knwn treasure trve fr antiques experts lking fr a bargain.
21．Which market has the lngest histry?
A．Edinburgh Farmers’ Market.B．Billingsgate Fish Market.
C．St Gerge’s Market.D．Frd Airfield Market.
22．What is the main characteristic f St Gerge’s Market?
A．Music.B．Histry.C．Fd.D．Building.
23．What d we knw abut Frd Airfield Market?
A．It is held every day.B．It clses n rainy days.
C．It is famus fr its cars.D．It features car-bt sales.
B
Hrist Hristv has been wrking with wildlife in Bulgaria's remte Rhdpe Muntains fr ver 30 years. He first came here as a bright-eyed student in the early 1990s, eager t increase the number f griffn vulture (欧亚尤雪). At the time, there were fewer than 20 birds left. Fast frward t Nvember 2020, there were mre griffn vultures. At the last cunt, a recrd 245 nw live in the Rhdpe Muntains.
As a rewilding fficer, Hrist is respnsible fr the welfare f the animals in his area, which means cnstant bservatin, and lengthy perids ut in the wild cnducting research. "This prcess is smetimes lng — yu have t live tgether with the animals," he explains." Frget everything; yu live in nature. It desn't matter if they're hrses, wild cattle r Eurpean bisn (野牛)."
This small crner f suth-eastern Eurpe is ne f the cntinent's mst eclgically diverse areas. Large animals, such as wlves, brwn bears, deer, and wild hrses, cexist here. It's als a peaceful place fr birdlife, with 300 species recrded. The ultimate gal is t create a habitat where multiple different species depend n ne anther.
Hrist's current challenge is t cntinue the reintrductin f Eurpean bisn t the wild. Since 2013, Hrist has wrked with Rewilding Eurpe, a nt-fr-prfit rganisatin which perates acrss Eurpe, t bring bisn back t the Rhdpe Muntains. In 2019, several bisn were released int the wild, and three baby bisn have already been brn, tw f thse cming in 2020. At the end f last year, anther tw females were dnated t the prject frm zs in Hungary and Slvakia. When the new animals are eventually released int the wild, they will number 13.
24．What can be learned abut griffn vultures?
A．They are nw in danger f dying ut.
B．They may live as lng as ver 30 years.
C．They can be seen in the Rhdpe Muntains.
D．They were first discvered in the early 1990s.
25．Which f the fllwing can best describe Hrist?
A．Prud but caring.B．Silent but generus.
C．Hnest and creative.D．Devted and patient.
26．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 3?
A．Develp the theme with examples.B．Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
C．Summarize the previus paragraphs.D．Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
27．What can we expect f Eurpean bisn's ppulatin in the future?
A．It will be hard t assess.B．It will start t explde.
C．It will shw prmise.D．It will be smething t wrry abut.
C
Java’s Cafe is a fundamental extensin f the Rchester experience, pening its arms t cmfrt cffee, tea, and dessert lvers alike. Fr the typical UR students, the Java’s n Gibbs St. has becme a place f slace during stressful testing times, and n mre heartwarming ccasins, a scial hub.
Slwly appraching its thirties, Java’s has enjyed a gd reputatin in its lcal. In 1978, Java Je created a cffee farm in Hawaii. With great dedicatin t his craft, the great master f cffee beans made his way t Rchester then. In 1992, Je decided t start selling cffee at the Public Market and pened up a stre n Gibbs St. with the help f Michael Calabrese. This lcatin, next t the Eastman Schl f Music, is the first f many shps Java Je pened. As a lver f the blues, Je enthusiastically decrated this flagship stre with artistic and musical influence.
After Gibbs lcatin, Je planted Java Je’s where he was first starting ut—in the Public Market. Later, Java Je’s mved t a nearby building, and received a name change—Java’s at the Market Cffee Rasters. This building served as a place where thse wh visited wuld ften catch a glimpse f Je skillfully rasting his cffee beans in the dancing flames and cultivating his drinks with care. Hwever, in 1997 he licensed “Java Je’s” t Calabrese, wh then renamed the Gibbs Cafe t what we knw tday—Java’s Café.
Je remained in the Public Market lcatin until he was diagnsed with a brain tumr. Je died f lung cancer at 68. The influence he had pured int his business is well-knwn and highly regarded. He has wn many awards in his life.
The next time yu head dwn t Gibbs St. fr yur mrning cup, keep in mind the extrardinary stry f hw that cup came t be, all thanks t Java Je.
28．What des the underlined wrd “slace” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Tensin.B．Anxiety.
C．Safety.D．Relief.
29．What is true abut Java’s Café n Gibbs St.?
A．The name f the shp keeps unchanged up t nw.
B．It was ppular with the lcals and students as well.
C．Java Je had the wnership f the shp in 1997.
D．It is the flagship stre and has wn several awards.
30．What is special abut Java’s at the Market Cffee Rasters?
A．Je’s specially-made cffee beans.
B．Its super-quality cffee and service.
C．Je’s demnstratin f cffee-making skills.
D．Its attractin t the music schl students.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The ppularity f Java’s Cafe.
B．The develpment f the cffee industry.
C．The cntributin Je made t Rchester.
D．The funder and develpment f Java’s Cafe.
D
Virtual realty can imprve brain activity that may be crucial fr leaning, memry and even treating Alzheimer’s, a study n rats has fund.
After mnitring the rats’ brain activity, researchers frm the University f Califrnia Ls Angeles discvered electrical activity in a regin knwn as the hippcampus neurns (海马体神经元) differed depending n whether the rats were placed in real-wrld r VR envirnments. The new findings are significant as the hippcampus is a primary driver f learning and memry in the brain.
When rats walk arund in real life, electrical activity in the hippcampus appears t synchrnize (同步发生) at a rate f eight heartbeats per secnd. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally knwn as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with strnger Ѳ waves seeming t imprve the brain's ability t learn and keep sensry infrmatin. When placed in a VR envirnment, the rat’s Ѳ waves became strnger.
“It turns ut that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality” said Prf Mayank Mehta frm UCLA．The scientists als fund that VR envirnments culd change different electrical rhythms (节律) in different parts f the neurns, which indicates that scientists may be able t cntrl human brain rhythms.
“This is a new technlgy that has great ptential,” Mehta said. The study als indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big part f it, Mehta puts, may be dwn t the very different set f stimuli presented in VR.
Imagine that yu’re appraching a drway in real life. Yur eyes see the dr getting larger. But hw d yu knw that yu’re mving frward and the dr isn’t cming t yu? The answer is that yur brain uses infrmatin such as the acceleratin f yur head thrugh space r the shift f weight frm ne ft t the ther－infrmatin that may nt be present during a VR experience.
32．Accrding t the passage, why are the new findings imprtant?
A．VR’s cntributins t leaning have finally been identified.
B．VR can affect electrical activity in the hippcampus neurns.
C．VR prduces the same effects n brains as real envirnments.
D．VR is likely t becme anther driver fr learning and memry.
33．What can we learn abut Ѳ waves?
A．They dn’t respnd t different brain rhythms.
B．They remain stable in different envirnments.
C．They affect hw human perceive knwledge.
D．They have lite t d with the rate f heartbeats.
34．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The ptential f the new technlgy.
B．The cntrl f human brain rhythms.
C．The change in different parts f neurns.
D．The stimulatin f the unique brain waves.
35．Hw des the authr intrduce VR’s different set f stimuli?
A．By cnducting further tests n rats.B．By cmparing different envirnments.
C．By prviding a detailed analysisD．By explaining the thery f VR.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Easy, kid-friendly ways t make tmat sauce
Yu can’t beat the cnvenience f tmat sauce frm a jar, but what abut when yu’re desiring smething a little mre hmemade? Yu dn’t need t keep an Italian grandmther n speed-dial. 36． Use tw pints (品脱) f tmates in the fllwing frmulas t make apprximately three servings’ wrth f sauce.
N-ck tmat sauce
37． Add all the ingredients t a large bwl, sprinkle generusly with salt, and stir in a few tablespns f live il. Let the mixture sit fr 2 r 3 hurs at rm temperature t allw the salt t sften the tmates and meld the flavrs.
Cherry tmat pan sauce
Slice the tmates in half and thinly slice r mince 1 r 2 garlic clves (depending n hw much yu lve garlic). 38． Cver and ck fr abut 15 t 20 minutes, stirring ccasinally, until the tmates have mstly sftened int a stirrable sauce. Taste and seasn with salt and pepper, alng with any fresh r dried herbs.
Rasted r grilled tmat sauce
Keep the tmates whle fr this versin. Preheat a cnventinal ven r taster ven t 400 degrees Fahrenheit r preheat a gas grill t medium heat. Fr ven-rasting, place the tmates in a single layer in a baking dish. Rast fr abut 20 t 25 minutes, r grill fr abut 15 t 20 minutes, until the tmates are starting t burst and the skins are starting t char. 39．
40． S yu can add ther ingredients yu may have n hand. Add mre, r cut back n, garlic depending n yur tlerance. Experiment with adding a few shallts instead f an nin. Stir in chpped fresh r dried herbs like basil, regan, rsemary and parsley. If yu like heat, add a pinch f crushed red pepper flakes.
A．This live il-based sauce is ideal fr vegetarians.
B．Rughly cut the tmates and any fresh herbs n hand.
C．Yu just need a helpful kid and sme tmates t start.
D．Carefully pur the tmates int a bwl and seasn t taste.
E.These sauce techniques are custmizable t yur family’s tastes.
F.Add mre salt t taste and chpped fresh herbs if yu have them.
G.Heat live il in a pan ver medium heat, then stir in the tmates and garlic.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“What’s the stry f yur plan?” a friend asked ver dinner. My pian just 41 in the crner f my living rm. “It has a stry?” I dubted.
“All pians have stries,” she replied. Suddenly my pian’s stry came 42 ut f me as if I’d always had this tale t tell.
I’ve lved 43 since childhd. I started with the recrder and mved n t the vilin and guitar. Playing the pian had always been my 44 which my family culdn’t affrd. I grew up in a pr immigrant family in Trnt. My father 45 tables in a restaurant and my mther wrked in a laundry. Thugh ur childhd was 46 , my brthers and I were always fed with 47 . I can’t remember which birthday it was when my mther 48 sme mney t buy me a dll. By then I’d utgrwn wanting dlls but she wrked t hard t knw that and I never tld her. I 49 accepted it.
S it was finally with my 50 . It was in my last year f high schl. I tk pian lessns fr abut a year befre university frced me t 51 . I had t make a decisin: t pursue（追求） a mre 52 gal f medical schl r my lve fr music. The realist in me 53 and I had t give up pian lessns 54 as with my dll it was t late t learn t play the way I wanted. I 55 the pian arund with me ver the next decade until my sn was brn. He shwed an early 56 in music s I put him in pian lessns. I played that pian thrugh my sn althugh guitar 57 became his chice.
I gradually realized that I’d let all my pleasures 58 fr my jb. I figured I’d get back t playing the pian when I retire. Maybe it’s time t get that pian tuned again befre it’s t late t 59 . Maybe that’s smething we shuld d right nw.
Smetimes a 60 questin can pen a path f thinking and discvery. S what’s the stry f yur pian?
41．A．hidesB．sitsC．risesD．appears
42．A．fldingB．jumpingC．spreadingD．breaking
43．A．dllsB．medicineC．perfrmancesD．music
44．A．lifeB．galC．dreamD．chice
45．A．reservedB．decratedC．waitedD．made
46．A．difficultB．lnelyC．fantasticD．happy
47．A．fdB．lveC．cnfidenceD．hardship
48．A．cllectedB．changedC．brrwedD．spared
49．A．gratefullyB．quietlyC．eagerlyD．actively
50．A．decisinB．beliefC．pianD．pinin
51．A．cnsiderB．cntinueC．refuseD．stp
52．A．perfectB．practicalC．successfulD．necessary
53．A．cmprmisedB．failedC．agreedD．wn
54．A．unlessB．tillC．becauseD．befre
55．A．fundB．playedC．abandnedD．mved
56．A．desireB．interestC．ambitinD．plan
57．A．eventuallyB．graduallyC．unexpectedlyD．bviusly
58．A．fall awayB．light upC．give utD．shw ff
59．A．experienceB．enjyC．learnD．fix
60．A．seriusB．dubtfulC．singleD．private
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianzhu 2, a carg spacecraft launched n May 29, 2021, dcked (对接) with Tianhe — the cre mdule f the cuntry’s permanent space statin — early n the mrning f May 30.
A Lng March-7 rcket,61． (carry) Tianzhu 2, was launched frm the Wenchang Space Center 62． the cast f the suthern island prvince f Hainan at 8:55 pm n May 29. After a 10-minute flight atp the 53-meter rcket, the craft entered a lw Earth rbit, unflded 63． (it) slar panels and began t perfrm the rapid autnmus rendezvus (交会) and dcking prcedures, 64． lasted abut eight hurs.
Tianzhu 2 successfully dcked with Tianhe’s back hatch at 5:01 am. Next, it was prgrammed t cnduct autnmus refueling peratins and perfrm sme equipment 65．(test).
When astrnauts frm the Shenzhu XII spacecraft bard Tianhe in the near future, they will 66．(gradual) nve living materials and missin paylads frm Tianzhu 2 t the cre mdule.
Tianhe 67． (lift) by a Lng March-5B heavy-lift rcket at the Wenchang Space Launch Center n April 29. The mdule, the largest spacecraft China 68．(build) s far, is the first part f the Chinese space statin, named Tiangng.
Befre dcking with Tianzhu 2, Tianhe carried ut 69． series f jbs t check its designs fr rendezvus, astrnaut 70． (accmmdate) and experimental equipment.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作 文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的 增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
After my little brther was brn, I lked at his eye ne day. Frm them I fund ut pure lve. Nw, I enjy spend every day with my family because it makes me feel happily. As a sister, I believe the lve f my parents are equally divided. In fact my brther always gives me the first bite f his snacks and kisses his cheeks. He wants t share and desn’t need pretend at all. If he’s pretty r ugly, he’s the cutest baby I lve mstly. My brther and parents meant everything t me.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，请写封邮件邀请你朋友王东于2022年元旦一起参观新近开放的位于苏州城西狮子山下的苏州博物馆西馆(Suzhu Museum West)。邮件内容包括:
1)发出邀请
2)参观博物馆的意义
3)具体见面时间，地点，期待回复
注意:
1)词数100左右;
2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wang Dng.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs
Li Hua