主题05 著名人物-冲刺2022年高考英语“五育“”主题语篇集训（新高考专用）

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德育铸魂篇之主题05著名人物
（阅读4篇+七选五1篇+完型填空1篇）
时间：40分钟 正确率：______ /35 得分：_______ /65
答题区
第一节 阅读理解
A
（2022·山东泰安·一模）Wmen Pineers Wh Changed the Wrld
Ali Strker
Ali Strker tk the theater wrld-and, indeed, the very Internet-by strm when, n June 9, 2019, she became the first perfrmer in a wheelchair t take hme a Tny Award. After becming the first actr in a wheelchair in Bradway histry in 2015, she wn the award fr her pwerhuse perfrmance in the revival f Oklahma!
Susan B．Anthny
Susan B．Anthny participated in her first wmen’s rights cnference in 1852. Over the next 54 years, she published The Revlutin; gave speeches; called the first Wman Suffrage Cnventin in Washingtn, D．C．(1869); and was arrested fr vting (1872). She was als a vcal advcate fr ablishing slavery and imprving wrkers’ rights, higher educatin fr wmen, and training standardizatin and registratin fr nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO f the cmpany, making her the first female CEO in America. She traveled arund the cuntry selling sweepers and making deals with majr retailers t carry the Bissell brand. Eventually, she tk the brand internatinal. She was als ne f the first cmpany heads t give wrkers pensin plans.
Malala Yusafzai
When terrrists began seizing pwer in her hmetwn and attacking girls’ schls, Yusafzai gave a speech defending her and all wmen’s right t an educatin. She cntinued t speak ut even after her cver was blwn and the terrrists issued a death threat. In 2012,a masked gunman barded the bus and sht her in the head. She survived. In 2014, she became the yungest persn t win the Nbel Peace Prize.
1．What is Ali Strker nted fr?
A．Her effrts t win a prize.B．Her Bradway backgrund.
C．Her special art perfrmance.D．Her wheelchair t perfrm in.
2．Which wrd can best describe Anna Bissell?
A．Dubtful.B．Devted.C．Stubbrn.D．Outging.
3．Wh made a great cntributin t the educatin fr wmen?
A．Ali Strker and Anna Bissell.
B．Ali Strker and Malala Yusafzai.
C．Susan B．Anthny and Anna Bissell.
D．Susan B．Anthny and Malala Yusafzai.
B
（2022·辽宁·模拟预测）On Septenber 29, 2019, tw days befre the 70th anniversary f the funding f the Peple’s Republic f China, 89-year-ld Yuan Lngping was awarded the Medal f the Republic, the cuntry’s highest hnr fr his extrardinary cntributin t the natin’s fd security, the develpment f agricultural science, and glbal fd supply. “A tiny grain culd either save a cuntry r bring it dwn. The imprtance f fd security shuld never be underestimated,” said Yuan, academician f Chinese Academy f Engineering.
The 2019 State f Fd Security and Nutritin in the Wrld reprt shws that ver 820 millin peple are suffering frm hunger and the wrld is facing huge challenges in achieving the sustainable develpment gal f zer hunger by 2030. Accrding t the UN’s Fd and Agriculture Organizatin, there are fur factrs in fd security: physical availability f fd, ecnmic and physical access t fd, fd use, and stability f the ther three factrs ver time. Between 1979 and 2005, China received fd aid frm the UN Wrld Fd Prgram (WFP) which benefited ver 30 millin peple natinwide. Starting frm 2016, hwever, the partnership between China and the WFP witnessed a ttal transfrmatin: China turned frm a majr aid recipient t a leading aid dnr, supprting millins f malnurished (营养不良的) peple beynd its brders.
Innvatin (创新) in science and technlgy is ne f the driving frces behind this change. Yuan is cnsidered a pineer in the field f fd science and technlgy. He has dedicated himself t the research, applicatin and prmtin f hybrid rice fr decades. The super hybrid rice that his team cultivated can yield nearly 18.1 tn per hectare, setting a new wrld recrd. Hence, Yuan is regarded as the “father f hybrid rice.”
“Fd safety is f very imprtance t the natinal ecnmy and peple’s livelihd. As an agrnmist, I felt that I shuld fcus n this area,” Yuan tld CGTN. “My biggest hpe is t make sure that the ‘rice bwl’ is firmly held in ur wn hands s that we, as a cuntry, can feed urselves.”
4．What d we knw abut Yuan frm the first paragraph?
A．He gained much supprt frm WFP.
B．He cntributed a lt t glbal fd supply.
C．He changed peple’s wrng ideas n fd security.
D．He wn the Medal f the Republic fr the secnd time.
5．What des the authr think f the aim f zer hunger by 2030?
A．Impractical.B．Impssible.C．Necessary.D．Difficult.
6．Accrding t this passage, what has happened t China since 2016?
A．China has helped many cuntries a lt in fd supply.
B．China has still received fd supply frm the UN.
C．There have been n malnurished peple.
D．There have been n prblems f fd safety.
7．Which is Yuan Lngping’s main dream?
A．Fd safety is n mre a prblem.
B．He can imprve peple’s livelihd.
C．China can feed itself all by itself.
D．He has mre innvatin in fd.
C
（2021·山东淄博·二模）Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu, als knwn as “the First Lady f Physics,” fundamentally transfrmed mdern physical thery and changed ur accepted view f the structure f the universe.
Brn in a small twn near Shanghai, Wu attended a schl started by her father, wh believed in educatin fr girls, despite it being an uncmmn belief at that time. She went n t study physics at Nanjing University, where she first pursued mathematics but quickly switched her majr t physics, inspired by Marie Curie. And in 1936, she mved t the United States, where she pursued dctr's degree in physics frm the University f Califrnia, Berkeley in 1940. Then, she taught briefly at Smith Cllege befre being hired as Princetn University's first female instructr.
A year later, Dr. Wu accepted a pst at Clumbia University, where she became invlved in the Manhattan Prject, designing and building the wrld's first atmic bmbs. She held varius psitins with the university until her retirement in 1981, but is best knwn fr her experiments n beta decay in 1957. Dr. Wu's grundbreaking experiments prved Drs. Tsung-Da Lee and Chen Ning Yang's thery right. This resulted in Lee and Yang receiving the 1957 Nbel Prize in Physics fr their thery, while Dr. Wu's experimental prf f the thery was verlked.
In her later life, Dr. Wu devted much f her time t educatinal prgrams, prmting girls in the STEM fields bth in the US and in China. Her mtivatinal stry made her a her fr many yung wmen scientists, just as her name “Chien-Shiung” implies. She was s great that she was elected as a member f the Natinal Academy f Sciences in 1958, and in 1990, Dr. Wu became the first living scientist with an asterid named after her. Her bk Beta Decay, published in 1965, is still a standard reference fr nuclear physicists.
8．What can we infer abut Dr. Wu's father?
A．He advcated gender equality.
B．He funded Nanjing University.
C．He frced her t switch her majr.
D．He challenged the view f the universe.
9．What made Dr. Wu mst famus in the wrld?
A．Building the wrld's first atmic bmbs.
B．Varius psitins at Clumbia University.
C．Being awarded the Nbel Prize in physics.
D．Cntributins in experiments n beta decay.
10．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Dr. Wu's bk Beta Decay.
B．Dr. Wu's finding f the asterid.
C．Dr. Wu's academic and scial status.
D．Dr. Wu's name and her mtivatinal stry.
11．Which wrds can best describe Dr. Wu?
A．Enthusiastic and cnsiderate.
B．Pineering and inspiring.
C．Creative but cntrversial.
D．Well-educated but uninfluential.
D
（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）Fr the past three decades, Richard Sears, 71, has been fcused n ne thing: telling the stries behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters ges back t 1972, when he was a 22-year-ldphysics majr at Prtland State University in Oregn. “I realized nly 7 percent f the wrld speak English as a mther tngue. S, I wanted t knw what it was like t speak anther language.” By1990, Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese, but he did nt knw hw t read. T Sears, the characters were cmplex with many strkes and almst n apparent lgic.
“I’m a physicist, s I dn’t like blind memrizatin in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came frm pictgraphs(象形文字) and I wanted t knw the stries behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied, Sears realized quickly that many f the explanatins culd nt pssibly be true. In rder t pick ut the gd nes, he decided t cmputerize the characters. He scanned abut 96,000 ancient characters.
The database f ancient characters came int being, but he wanted t explain the step-by-step evlvement f these characters frm the riginal pictgraphs t the mdern simplified frms. He finally gt his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymlgy(词源), where visitrs can check fr free the evlvement f Chinese characters in varius frms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website wuld get 11,000 r 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011, clicks t the website went up t600,000 in ne day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after ne f them shared his website n Chinese scial media.
In additin t the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studi, fcusing n applying AR, animatin and artificial intelligence t telling stries f Chinese culture and character rigins, in Nanjing as part f the lcal authrity’s plan t cultivate talent in the culture sectr. “They have bth entertainment value fr yung Chinese and educatinal value and can teach the rigins f Chinese characters,” he says. “We als want t make vides with a high educatinal value fr ther platfrms bth fr Chinese and freign learners f Chinese characters.”
12．What d we knw abut Richard Sears?
A．He learned Chinese t imprve his physics.
B．He has made an explratin int Chinese characters.
C．He was fluent in reading Chinese frm the beginning.
D．He was cncerned abut the spread f his mther tngue.
13．What des the underlined wrd “nes” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Explanatins.B．Characters.C．Pictgraphs.D．Languages.
14．What can be inferred abut Sears’ website?
A．It has made a big prfit frm netizens visiting it.
B．It gained ppularity shrtly after being established.
C．It fcuses n the simplificatin f Chinese characters.
D．It brings the evlvement f Chinese characters t the public.
15．Which f the fllwing can best describe Richard Sears?
A．Enthusiastic and devted.B．Wise but careless.
C．Ambitius and humrus.D．Generus but stubbrn.
第二节 七选五
（2021·湖南师大附中二模）Alfred Nbel Rests in Peace
Peple like Martin Luther King Jr. , Nelsn Mandela, and Mther Teresa have becme famus all arund the wrld. ___16___ They are all winners f the Nbel Peace Prize. But nne f them wuld have received the recgnitin it brings had it nt been fr ne Swedish man, Alfred Nbel.
When Alfred jined the Nbel family cmpany, it had been develping explsives fr many years. His father had started the family frtune by wrking fr the Russian army t prduce landmines and sea mines. But the family made even mre mney by manufacturing nitrglycerine, which was a very dangerus explsive.
One day Alfred arrived hme t find his 20-year-ld brther Emil had been killed in a nitrglycerine explsin. ___17___ The result was dynamite （甘油炸药），which became an immediate success all ver the wrld.
Alfred Nbel always wanted dynamite t be used fr peaceful means. Unfrtunately. when the First Wrld War ended. dynamite had been used t take away the lives f thusands f yung men. ___18___T see his inventin being used in this way made him very sad.
Smetime later Alfred's lder brther Ludwig died. One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred's bituary instead f his brther's. It described Alfred as a man wh had becme rich by inventing a weapn f mass destructin. After reading the review f his life. Alfred was hrrified and decided t use the great frtune he had made t reward peple wh had been wrking t prmte gd in sciety. ___19___ The Nbel Peace Prize was awarded t the persn wh had dne the mst，r the best, wrk t prmte friendship between cuntries, t ablish armies r t hld and prmte peace cnferences.
In 1997 the Nbel Peace Prize went t an American called Jdy Williams fr her effrts t get landmines banned. ___20___ Perhaps nw, Alfred Nbel will rest mre easily in his grave.
A．And what d they have in cmmn?
B．Hence, it was a large amunt f mney.
C．Alfred was determined t invent a safer explsive.
D．He was s grieved by the accident that he even desired t give up his jb.
E．Irnically, f curse, the Nbel family frtunes had been built n mines.
F．Alfred had always hated war and cnsidered it t be 'the hrrr f hrrrs and the greatest f all crimes’
G．The five awards he created were fr physics. chemistry, medicine, literature and, mst significantly, peace.
第三节 完形填空
（2021·广东佛山·一模）Anna Kiesenhfer became the first Austrian Olympic gld medalist in Tky 2020. She wasn’t cnsidered a threat at all. “Finishing in the Tp 25 wuld have been a ____21____ result.” She said later.
N ne____22____ she wuld win. Fr the whle 85 miles, she cmpeted against a grup f ____23____ cmpetitrs — cycling superstars, wrld champins... until sme seemed nt t knw she remained up the rad, alne.
Cnfused? At least Van Vleuten was. When she crssed the finish line, smiling, arms ____24____, under the impressin that she’d wn gld, she didn’t ____25____ the race had been wn by Anna, a math Ph.D．
Anna’s win was actually mre____26____. She was the nly cyclist frm her cuntry, leaving her n teammates she culd ____27____ in the race. At the beginning, there was little hpe she might win, but it was nly ging sl fr the last 40 kilmeters when she____28____ “riding fr gld”. As it turned ut, cmpeting withut much weight f____29____ helped Anna win. She entered the race withut a prfessinal team and_____30_____ with a gld medal. She wrte a (an) _____31_____ f her wn int the histry f the Olympics.
Outside f cycling, Anna has earned a Ph.D in applied mathematics. As a successful
_____32_____, she says she has been used t slving prblems n her wn. “I like t be _____33_____, and that’s the way I apprach cycling.” Asked what wrds she wuld share t an aspiring yung rider, she respnded, “I’m nt _____34_____ t accept what makes me unique. I dare t be different. This means I’m als_____35_____, and that’s exactly what happened in the race.”
21．A．niceB．heartbreakingC．desiredD．puzzling
22．A．fundB．acceptedC．believedD．cared
23．A．sensitiveB．fierceC．lcalD．friendly
24．A．raisedB．fldedC．bentD．drpped
25．A．admitB．knwC．imagineD．hear
26．A．ridiculusB．difficultC．cnvincingD．impressive
27．A．learn frmB．cmpete withC．rely nD．get alng with
28．A．regrettedB．frgtC．cntinuedD．started
29．A．prmiseB．expectatinC．respnsibilityD．missin
30．A．leftB．cheeredC．launchedD．struggled
31．A．ruleB．prgramC．stryD．intrductin
32．A．cachB．academicC．artistD．engineer
33．A．independentB．creativeC．energeticD．lgical
34．A．willingB．certainC．eagerD．afraid
35．A．matureB．changeableC．unscialD．unpredictable题号
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