专题01阅读理解（第01期）-2022届江苏高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第01期）-2022届江苏高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读选择【江苏省镇江市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】

1.War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells
Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses of a strange-looking meteorite（陨石）in England. Not long after，it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner, What is it like for man, the dominated of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens?

2.The Dune Saga（沙丘）by Frank Herbert
Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul's descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.

3.The Space Trilogy by C．S. Lewis
This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.On these planets，the local residents are not corrupted(腐败), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.

4. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury
The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses(着迷)with the society of television but doesn't realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.

21．Where is Dr.Elwin Ransom originally from?
A．Earth. B．Venus.
C．Mars. D．Arrakis.
22．Which book explores the potential for technology to make humans less free?
A．War of the Worlds. B．The Dune Saga.
C．The Space Trilogy. D．Fahrenheit 451.
23．What do the four books have in common?
A．They show an imaginary world.
B．They each have two main characters.
C．They explore the nature of humanity.
D．They were published in the 20th century.
In 1868 six-year-old Laura Jernegan,her parents, and her baby brother,Prescott,set sail from New Bedford, Massachusetts. This was no vacation cruise.Laura's father,captain of the whaleship Roman, was hunting the mightiest animal on earth.
Unwilling to be separated from his family for three to four years while he made ocean voyages thousands of miles from home, Captain Jernegan took them with him to share in the adventure—and the danger-of life at sea. In the mid-1800s,as many as one in six American whaling, captains took their families on voyages.
What was it like to live on a whaleship? The diary Laura kept while she was at sea offers a look into her unusual childhood. She was fascinated by her father's job. When the ship's lookout spotted a whale, Laura recorded it in her diary."I hope we shall get him,"she wrote.
She watched as the men rushed to their whaleboats and chased the whales. As soon as a whale was caught, the crew began to process it. First the crew"cut in" the whale by removing its thick blanket of blubber（鲸脂）.
After throwing pieces of blubber into large pots， two men would "get in the pots and squish (挤)out the blubber,"Laura wrote. It must have been a strange sight because the sailors were "way up to their knees" in the greasy fat, she reported.
Now came the hot,smoky,and smelly par.A brick furnace(火炉)was fired up,and the blubber was tried out, or boiled into oil. One huge whale produced enough oil to fill seventy-five barrels, she noted in disbelief. When the Jernegans returned home, the oil would be sold for the best price possible.Whale oil was important during most of the nineteenth century.It was used to light lamps and to make candles.
Two and a half years after she had left New Bedford, deep-water adventure came to an abrupt end. The Jernegans were whaling in the South Pacific when several crew members mutinied(反叛). Fortunately,the mutiny was stopped before anyone got killed.Her parents were terrified.They decided that a whaleship was no place for children. Laura, Prescott,and Mrs. Jernegan headed straight back to the United States on a passenger ship, and Captain Jernegan continued his whaling voyage.
This era, often called the golden age of whaling, was over in the late nineteenth century. Yet one girl's diary has helped to ensure that this chapter in America's seafaring history will not be forgotten.
24．Why did Captain Jernegan take his family out on a whale hunt?
A．To experience the pleasant life at sea.
B．To spend a nice vacation with his family.
C．To avoid a long separation from his family.
D．To follow in the footsteps of other captains.
25．What can we learn about processing the hunted whales?
A．Laura offered help to the work.
B．It was very hard and dirty work.
C．It started from boiling the blubber.
D．The workers couldn't stand the heat and bad smell.
26．Why did Captain Jernegan send his wife and children home?
A．He worried about their safety.
B．Laura had no friends on his ship.
C．There happened to be a passenger ship.
D．They had been away from home too long.
27．What can we infer from Laura's dairy?
A．Her father stopped whaling after the mutiny.
B．Hunting whales was challenging but rewarding.
C．She thought deep-water adventures were boring.
D．The 20th century was thc golden age of whaling.
When did you last write a letter? Properly write on—by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail, is the writing on the wall for traditional pen and paper? Well, some people claim that writing still has many benefits, so maybe it's not time to ditch your ballpoint(圆珠笔)or fountain pen(钢笔)yet.
These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. Doing this on a computer means it could be saved, edited, copied and sent via email. But crafting a handwriting document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as practising your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.
Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper. This is particularly relevant for students,where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the "tactile feedback"(触觉反馈)to the brain that contact between pen and paper docs. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary,who says that "taking notes by hand involves cognitive(认知的)engagement in summarizing, adapting, organizing. concept and vocabulary mapping. Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Scribbling(涂狗)notes，shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact. Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: "In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you."
So, while digital skills remain important, don't write off your pens and pencils yet—especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!
28．What does the underlined word "ditch"mean in the first paragraph?
A．Write. B．Abandon.
C．Save. D．Choose.
29．What does the writer want to emphasize in Paragraph 2?
A．The popularity of electronic documents.
B．The convenience of electronic documents.
C．The special features of handwritten documents.
D．The basic requirements of handwritten documents.
30．Which of the following is the benefit of writing by hand?
A．It fully develops your hand muscles.
B．It helps you to practise your handwriting.
C．It strengthens the bond between pen and paper.
D．It sharpens your comprehensive cognitive abilities.
31．What can we infer from Katherine Moller's words?
A．It is necessary for us to turn off the virtual world.
B．Scribbling notes should be practised in our daily life.
C．Using paper and pen has the greatest impact on our daily life.
D．Writing a letter by hand can be a touching and valuable experience.
Recently, many climate change campaigns and organizations have marketed themselves using images of polar bears losing their habitat.This has led many people to view the polar bear as the global icon(象征物)for our climate crisis.
The polar bear has become so widespread because it does an excellent job of playing on an audience's emotions and convincing them that there is an urgent problem on Earth. The imagery of a polar bear is also much more attractive than a scientific graph(图表)or chart of increasing sea levels or extreme weather event occurrences.
However,using polar bears as the only icon of our changing climate is flawed(有错的).For one,it only represents one effect of climate change, global warming,and not climate change itself. It neglects to address other aspects such as extreme weather events, ocean acidification, etc.While global warming is an important impact of climate change, the other aspects need to be communicated as well since climate change may not even cause warming in certain parts of the world—it could lead to severe snowstorms or colder winters instead. Thus, communicating these other elements is vital because it can reduce much of the misinformation surrounding our climate and gives the audience a more comprehensive understanding of our planet.
Moreover,using polar bears is problematic because most people do not live anywhere near polar bear habitat.This makes polar bears feel far removed from our own personal reality-thus making climate change feel far removed from our lives. Since climate change is anything but a distant phenomenon, a symbol that communicates the ways in which the climate crisis affects humans could be more convincing and push more people to act.
Even though using the polar bear as the icon of climate change is limited in conveying the full scope of our climate crisis, it can act as an agent of opening up the conversation about environmental issues and inspiring viewers to dive deeper into learning about climate change.
32．Why are polar bears preferred as marketing images?
A．Their imagery is more convincing.
B．They are likely to lose their habitats.
C．They are unique victims of the climate crisis.
D．The data on them often appear in scientific graphs.
33．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Polar bears arc the only indicator of climate change.
B．Climate change is bound to result in global warming.
C．All elements of climate change have been communicated to the public.
D．Using polar bears as the only icon of climate change will cause some problems.
34．What does the underlined word"This"refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．Failing to understand our planet.
B．Refusing to take immediate action.
C．Living apart from polar bear habitat.
D．Using polar bears to explain climate change.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The occurrence of climate change
B．The possible impact of climate change
C．The dangerous symbol of polar bears
D．The importance of protecting polar bears
阅读选择【江苏省盐城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】
Graffiti
Have you ever written anything on a wall? It’s nothing new, and for thousands of years humans have been writing messages on walls, bridges, and buildings as a means of expressing themselves.
Ancient Graffiti

Some of the first graffiti artists were the Vikings. You can read some at a prehistoric site in Scotland. The Vikings broke into the burial site about 800 years ago, hoping to find treasure. Unfortunately, there wasn’t any; however, the cave was a good place to shelter from the terrible storm that night, where the Vikings left messages on the walls to pass the time. Interestingly, many of the things they wrote are typical of modem-day graffiti, for example “Benedikt made this cross.”
Political Graffiti

At times, graffiti is used to make political statements. During World Ⅱ, people in occupied Holland painted orange victory “V” signs on walls in major towns. Here’s another example: “No more wars!”
American Graffiti

During the 1970s a new type of graffiti became popular in the States: tagging (标记). Bands of youngsters slipped away into the streets at night with cans of paint and left their tags on as many walls as possible. Some people see this form of graffiti as an example of urban art; others see it as an example of urban decline.
British Graffiti

In Britain, one of the most popular forms of graffiti is known as “toilet graffiti”, which is common on the walls of public toilets all over the country. The graffiti often consists of a funny or rude comment. Occasionally it will be a response to another piece of graffiti, or at other times it will be a political comment.

21．Why did the Vikings leave messages at the prehistoric site?
A．To relieve their boredom. B．To cause a sense of mystery.
C．To display their strength. D．To show their disappointment.
22．As far as the author’s concerned, it is believed that ________.
A．the Vikings created the very first graffiti
B．political graffiti resulted in more conflicts
C．there remain some arguments about tagging
D．rude comments are not allowed on walls
23．In which of the following types can you communicate in others’ absence?
A．Ancient Graffiti. B．Political Graffiti.
C．American Graffiti. D．British Graffiti.
“Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with one about the oil.
Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle.
My student car—an old green Toyota bought for $500—was the vehicle for which my father carved his paternal affections（父爱）. I bet it’s always been so. Back in ancient Rome, the father would test the son on the state of his carriage.
Why can’t fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”？ The point is: You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase love you can be heard in the slightly lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the seal（密封圈）around the base of your toilet because I assume that thing is getting really smelly.”
The affectionate phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard, but there is the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.”
When I was 17, I went on my first road trip in that Toyota. My father stood on the comer. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and carriage. And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would repeat “horse-and-carriage” every time I sped up to overtake some other speeding vehicle.
Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so ignored was simply dad’s attempt at affection.
24．According to the author, a typical father’s greetings may start with “________”.
A．Look who it is! B．Everything OK?
C．Hi, sweetheart! D．How’s the leak in the ceiling?
25．What did the author's old Toyota mean to his father?
A．A symbol of his son’s admiration.
B．A medium for his paternal love.
C．A sign of a modernized lifestyle.
D．A turning point in the family life.
26．Why does the author mention certain daily phrases in Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．To show the fatherlish’s influence on kids.
B．To illustrate a dad’s loving concern for kids.
C．To prove the usefulness of a dad’s greetings.
D．To compare different versions of fatherlish.
27．What is probably the best title for the passage?
A．Speaking Fluent Fatherlish B．Remembering Very Moments
C．Displaying Parental Love D．Giving Practical Advice
What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
28．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists?
A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent,
C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science
29．What’s the purpose of the intervention?
A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
30．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent
31．What can we learn from the research?
A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D．Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
A terrible thing happened to me while I was watching TV recently: I realized that I had aged. Now of course I know that I am aging, it’s just that I hadn’t realized quite how old I was until I saw a participant who I recognized on a reality TV show. Well, I didn’t recognize her but I recognized her name, I’d slightly known her in my 20s when she’d been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates’ boyfriends.
However, here’s the thing that shocked me—I hadn’t recognized her because rather than the beauty I remembered, on my TV was a middle-aged mum cooking. And then it hit me: that’s what I look like too.
It’s a particularly cruel change of nature that we can’t see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed. Occasionally we might get a rude awakening when suddenly our bodies stop working as expected but, for the most part, we’re left to get on with growing old without too many reminders. But when you get a reminder...oof! Since that show aired, I have sat in front of the mirror analyzing my face and wondering how I came to look so like my mother without noticing. I’ve also realized that my waist no longer fits into baby fat but a middle-aged spread.
I also fear that I don’t know what middle age looks like for my generation. Did my mother still feel 24 when in reality she was 15 years older? And why do I not feel like I’m where I should be as I approach 40? I definitely remember writing a list of things I will have achieved by the time I’m 40 at 19. Where is the house in the South of France or the Porsche 911 she so desperately wanted?
Since then, I’ve started to redefine myself. I don’t want to put everything down to age but I can’t quite stop myself. Tired again? Must be my age. Thank God then for social media. All around me I see amazing women at the other end of their 40s. They’ve accepted their age and seem to love it, so I’m hopeful that as I move into the next decade that will be me too. And maybe I’ll get the Porsche before I’m 50.
32．What is implied in Paragraph 1?
A．The author has been friends with the TV celebrity.
B．The TV celebrity used to be popular among boys.
C．The TV celebrity now lives a life of extreme luxury.
D．The aging process doesn’t affect the TV celebrity.
33．In most cases, how do we perceive the aging process?
A．We clearly know what happens. B．It is very likely to slip our mind.
C．We can accept it quite peacefully. D．It always brings about hopelessness.
34．The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．a lady denying being old B．the ambitious self aged 19
C．a woman accepting her age D．the celebrity on the TV show
35．What is the theme of this article?
A．It matters not how long we live but how.
B．Wrinkles are just evidence of great wisdom.
C．Age is a very high price to pay for maturity.
D．The best tunes are played on the oldest violins.
阅读选择【江苏省徐州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】
Byron Bay is a famous small town, located in the northeast corner of New South Wales, Australia. It is a place where one can indulge themselves with the wildest nature.More than 300 cost-effective accommodations can be found on www.airbnb.cn. Just go and catch up!
Modern Eco Cabin
The eco-friendly self-contained cabin is set amongst 24 acres of private rainforest with all the added modern luxuries. It is fully equipped with a full size kitchen, wifi, smart flat screen TV with Netflix.
Birdsong Hideaway
It's an ideal place for couples, families or friends to get together and enjoy Byron Bay. Wake up to a chorus of birds in the morning, just in time to have a coffee with friends in the privacy of the large verandah (露台餐厅).
The Village Glamping
This beautiful luxurious glamping (露营) space is located just 5 mins from the heart of Byron Bay. This space is perfect for those wanting to experience the uniqueness of Byron Bay, from the breathtaking views on the lighthouse walk to the crystal clear waters at Wategos Beach.
Emperor Glamping
The Emperor Bell Tent sits on its own raised deck overlooking the tree-lined valley beyond. It'd only a 9 minutes drive to the local shops. Perfect to lie in bed and watch the sunrise or sit out on the deck beneath the milky way at night.
1．What is probably the major reason for travelers to choose the four accommodations?
A．Location.
B．Equipment.
C．Fame.
D．Cost-effectiveness.
2．Which accommodation best suits people who like family gathering?
A．Modern Eco Cabin
B．Birdsong Hideaway
C．The Village Glamping
D．Emperor Glamping
3．Which feature is unique to Emperor Glamping?
A．It possesses forest views.
B．It's perfect for sunrise watching.
C．It is convenient to the bay.
D．It offers camping experience.
On James Owen's 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself walking slowly to the podium (讲台) where he was giving a talk, his feet hardly off the ground. “I looked like an old man,” said Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street. Even worse, he felt like an old man.
He was about 25 pounds overweight and he had chronic trouble with his back,knees,and shoulders.But instead of giving in to age,Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal:He wanted to be pain-free,and he decided the way to get there was through exercise-even though at the time he couldn't do a single push-up.
Owen began his new exercise plan by walking,though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes.But that didn't discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching.Once he had those basics down, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
In less than five years,Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Aging well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50,in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”
Now 81 and retired, Owen exercises an hour a day, six days a week. “It is the best investment I've ever made in my life,” he says.
4．Why did Owen decide to set a five-year goal?
A．To give a talk.
B．To build a career.
C．To lose weight.
D．To keep healthy.
5．How can Owen's exercising process be described?
A．Boring and painstaking.
B．Slow but productive.
C．Tough and discouraging.
D．complex but ineffective.
6．From Owen's story, we can learn that______.
A．it's better to get started earlier
B．lifestyle is vital for one's health
C．genes play a key role in aging well
D．successful careers need investment
7．The author wrote the article to______.
A．promote Owen's new book
B．offer ways to relieve pain
C．encourage old people to work out
D．present health problems of the old
If you've seen the timeless childhood classic The Lion King,you should recall Simba and Nala's adventure past the Pride Lands and into the forbidden elephant graveyard.This strange and mysterious place, piled with elephant bones,is only a myth.However,all myths are steeped in truth.Are they not?
According to fairy tale, this is a mythical place where older or ill elephants instinctively go in anticipation of their death-alone, far from the elephant groups and not slowing down the progress of those that remain behind. Yet, is there any chance that one of these secret places could be real? No one has ever found one, but according to some experts on elephant behaviour, it's not unthinkable that such a place could exist. Realistically, elephants could die massively in one place for any number of reasons. Natural disasters such as lightning strikes,localized flooding,or food(water) - shortages drive starving elephants to gather in places where finding food is easier. These animals are already fragile and many of them may die in the same area.
But, does that mean that the conscious practice of “elephant graveyards” by the animals is purely mythical? Perhaps not. Researchers from the UK have recently proved that elephants show strong interest and emotion if they come across the remains of other elephants. Their behavior suggests that they recognize their most close relatives. Whole families can spend hours or even days attending the bones of a herd member.
Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind. Chimpanzees have been known to obey certain rituals(仪式)around their dead and will only abandon a body of a relative once it begins to decompose. Lions have also been known to show emotions to dead family members by sniffing or licking the body prior to devouring(吞食)it. This idea lends another origin of the elephant graveyard: a place where elephants gather to mourn the bones of their dead.
8．The author mentions The Lion King in the beginning to
A．introduce the topic
B．provide examples
C．recall childhood memories
D．recommend a film
9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Whether the elephant graveyard exists.
B．How elephants could anticipate their death.
C．When dying elephants left their groups.
D．Why some elephants die in the same place.
10．The underlined word “decompose" probably means “
A．shrink
B．disappear
C．swell up
D．break down
11．What does the author want to prove by the examples of chimpanzees and lions?
A．They are aware of death.
B．They follow some rituals.
C．They recognize their relatives.
D．They are interested in the remains.
Generally speaking, respect is something that is earned. One earns another' s respect by voluntarily doing things like taking that person's feelings, needs and thoughts into consideration.
Respect seems to be like a boomerang in the sense that you must send it out before it will come back to you. Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below.
Since a baby has no concept of respect, and feels only its own needs when it is first born, it seems the only successful way to teach a child what respect is, is to earn the respect of the child as they slowly grow into a thinking human being.
The way this is done is first of all by attending to the child's natural needs, such as to be fed and nurtured (养育). As the child grows, his needs change. His psychological needs have increasingly advanced. He begins to express his own views, his own preferences, and he has an increasing need for freedom, autonomy and independence. This is when the adults in his life can treat him with increasing respect and thereby earn his respect in return.
It doesn't make sense to think of respecting a baby in the same way that we say we respect an adult. Yet on some level the two concepts are similar. This similarity has to do with our voluntarily helping that person with their needs. In either case, we must first accept the needs. For example, if a baby needs to be fed at three in the morning we don't do it reluctantly if we respect his natural needs; we simply accept that the infant has a natural need to eat at that particular moment. Likewise, if an adolescent or an adult needs to talk, we accept this need and we show respect by listening voluntarily.
In the same way, when we are respected we gain the voluntary cooperation of people. We don't have to use as much of our energy and resources trying to get our needs met.
12．What is a misunderstanding of respect?
A．It requires voluntary actions.
B．It needs much consideration.
C．It is based on people's needs.
D．It can be obtained forcefully.
13．Why does the author mention “boomerang” in Paragraph 2?
A．To introduce a tool.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact.
D．To make a prediction.
14．How can we earn respect from our children?
A．By teaching them to respect.
B．By making them independent.
C．By treating them respectfully.
D．By talking to them voluntarily.
15．What does this article mainly talk about?
A．How we could earn respect.
B．Why respect is important.
C．Who we show respect for.
D．What true respect means.
阅读选择【江苏省无锡市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】
College offers you many academic freedoms. You can develop existing passions and explore new interests-and find a major that will put you on the career path you want.
Computer Science
Not only will you lean more about computers-hardware and software, but you'll also learn about the applications of such knowledge. As a computer science major, you'll be exposed to areas such as robotics, natural language recognition programs,artificial intelligence, programming languages,numerical analysis, and gaming technology. Problem solving is a major component of computer science, no matter which section of the industry you want to pursue.
Communications
Communications majors tend to be great storytellers. You'll learn about oral and written messages, audience reaction, and the varied effects of different communication environments. It will prepare you for a wealth of career options in business, advertising, human resources, public relations,
government, education, media, and social services.
Economics
Economics is the study of choices - those of individuals, businesses, governments, and societies and how they choose to spend their time and money and otherwise allocate their resources. It is also an excellent preparation for a future in business, as well as for graduate studies in law, public policy,and international studies.
1．Who is this article intended for?
A．College applicants.
B．College graduates.
C．College professors.
D．College workers.
2．What does Computer Science mainly focus on?
A．Career choosing.
B．Problem solving.
C．Data analyzing.
D．Language programming.
3．What do Communications and Economics have in common?
A．They mean a higher salary.
B．They are both difficult to learn.
C．They prepare people for businesses.
D．They offer the choices of distributing their resources.
To understand the impact of ice melting around the world,we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is a huge mass of glacial land. This ice, home to a group of diverse animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds. Many of the creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection,yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their natural habitats in search of other land on which to live. Often this means long, drawn-out journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem arises when different species are forced together onto the coast.
Since the 1990s, the caribou population has declined by 56 percent-climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter and rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, permafrost melts and releases previously trapped diseases which the caribous have no modern immunity to.
In addition, the coming threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is ever looming. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around 6 metres, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. Since 1880, sea levels have risen about eight inches, three of which we've gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly hurricanes.
While we're still a long way from losing the ice sheet all together, we've already lost too much, and if we don't take climate changes seriously now, we will surely hit the point of no return.
4．What does the author plan to do in Paragraph 1?
A．To tell what an ice sheet actually is.
B．To show serious impacts of ice melting.
C．To compare the ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland.
D．To introduce the practical ways of protecting the ice sheet.
5．Which of the following accurately explains the sharp decrease of the caribous?
A．Food shortage. B．Deadly diseases. C．Much rainfall. D．Imbalanced ecosystem.
6．What does the underlined word “looming” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Lost to the world. B．Rising to the surface.
C．Exposed to the virus. D．Coming to the end.
7．What can be the best title for the article?
A．Warning of the Climate Changes B．Risks of the Ice Melting
C．Cause of the Climate Changes D．Possibilities of the Ice Melting
September is upon us, which means one thing for parents and children alike: term time. Many will be excited to engage in-person, after months of remote learning. Unfortunately,this won't apply to everyone. It's alarming that an estimated 540,000 children will continue to stay at home, due to mental or physical health concerns directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病）．For those that aren't able to attend classes in person, maintaining some form of connection with their peers is vitally important, both to protect their educational development and to prevent them from becoming isolated(孤独）。
No Isolation, a company that specializes in understanding and reducing the impact of loneliness, has decided to take action. Throughout the summer, No Isolation worked with independent researcher,Henry Peck, to better understand the effect of lockdown on educational and emotional development in school-aged children. They collected responses from some primary and middle school students and found that about 1,320 children, or more than 75% of the surveyed, were more or less lonely during the lockdown.
There is no immediate “fix" for loneliness, but there are steps to be taken to help.Parents need to open up a dialogue around what loneliness is, and what it feels like, so as to stress that feeling lonely is completely normal and a topic that is safe to talk about. For adults, loneliness is a shame, which means that often they are not open enough about it with each other, let alone with their children. Parents need to break the taboo around loneliness by talking and encouraging children to share their emotions.They also need to learn to ask for help. Sometimes these emotions need to be talked through with family or with a professional. Now, more than ever, parents should be listening to children and helping to make sure they are heard when they feel lonely. They are facing the same pandemic,and they deserve all of the help and support they can get.
8．What may prevent many young people returning to school in the coming new term?
A．The interrupted connection with their peers.
B．The continued spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
C．The benefits of remote learning they have ever received.
D．The physical and mental impact of the pandemic on them.
9．What do the numbers in Paragraph 2 imply?
A．A bad effect of loneliness.
B．The large number of students in the UK.
C．A worrying common phenomenon.
D．The convincing accuracy of the survey.
10．How can parents help children understand that loneliness is normal?
A．By making sure their children feel safe at home.
B．By receiving education on what loneliness actually is.
C．By talking about the nature of loneliness with their children.
D．By opening up a dialogue about their struggle with children.
11．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Serious consequences of loneliness.
B．Effective ways of dealing with loneliness.
C．Possible ways of breaking the taboo.
D．Great significance of social emotion sharing.
World history has seen three ancient dramas: Greek tragedy and comedy; Indian Sanskrit drama; and Chinese opera. The first two have become historical and only Chinese opera has survived.
Chinese opera took shape in the 12th century. After developing for more than 800 years, its abundant local styles of opera are still enjoying great popularity, of which Qinqiang is one of the most ancient operas.
Qinqiang opera is a thousand-year-old local opera originating in China's inland northwestern region. It has established a unique tradition as an “opera shouted out" with its high-pitched arias(高音唱腔）。Li Mei has won a reputation as one of the four greatest Qinqiang actresses. She's also known for her passionate commitment to exploring the theatrical possibilities offered by Qinqiang.
Li Mei and her workmates are halfway through an afternoon rehearsal(排练）and most have broken into a sweat. Singing in a near-whisper, the forty-year-old opera star performs the stylized movements for the leading role-the bitter dead Lady Li Huiniang in Ghost's Hate.
Little wonder that Li Mei is such a powerful presence on stage. She's the greatest contributory actress who's able to interpret a character so persuasively and tell a story so convincingly that European audiences warmly hug this unfamiliar art form.
Li Mei said, “We performed this opera in the Netherlands to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the founding of Holland's National Theatre. We enjoyed a fifteen-minute curtain call and the audiences applauded wildly for a long time. The local press entitled me the 'Nemesis of the Orient' and the 'Chinese Venus'. Why is that so? Because they've fully understood what the opera implied－the loyalty towards love, and dead as she may be, her love persists. The reason why this opera was able to touch millions of hearts is that it has a beautiful story presented by a beautiful art form.”
12．What can be inferred about Chinese opera from the passage?
A．It made history with ancient Greek operas.
B．It consists of various dynamic local operas.
C．It has a history shorter than Indian Sanskrit drama.
D．It originated from the most ancient local Qinqiang opera.
13．What is the greatest feature of Qinqiang opera according to the passage?
A．The spirited high tone.
B．The northwestern origin.
C．The stylized movement.
D．The popular curtain call.
14．Why is Ghost's Hate starring Li Mei loved by foreigners?
A．Because its story is easy to be fully understood by foreigners.
B．Because its leading role Li Mei is famous as the “Chinese Venus”。
C．Because it conveys the popular message of loyalty towards love.
D．Because it is a perfect combination of touching plot and attractive form.
15．What is Li Mei's greatest contribution to Qinqiang opera?
A．She won a reputation as one of the four greatest Qinqiang actresses.
B．She brought Li Huiniang,the bitter dead Lady in Ghost's Hate to life.
C．She explored many theatrical possibilities offered by Qinqiang opera.
D．She spread one of Chinese traditional cultures to the other side of the world.
阅读选择【江苏省苏州中学2021-2022学年高三上学期10月学业质量评估】
The classic road trip is more popular than ever. Here are several places to hit the open road.
Colo-road Trips
The Colorado Tourism Office has made it easy for road-trippers to explore the state's 24 Scenic Historic Byways. A new microsite includes an interactive map that enables travelers to explore options by region, interest or season. Travelers seeking inspiration can also access insider tips and side-trip suggestions within more than 150 Colo-road Trip itineraries (行程). The flexible itineraries offer suggestions for historic attractions, active adventures and highlight cultural opportunities.
The Bear-tooth Highway
Visitors who travel this extraordinary path experience the visual landscape of Montana, Wyoming and Yellowstone Park, home to the Absaroka and Bear-tooth mountains. The windy,cliff-hugging 68-mile stretch introduces road explorers to one of the most diverse ecosystems accessible by auto. Amazingly beautiful, this All-American Road displays wide highlands, painted with patches (一片片) of ice blue lakes, forested valleys, waterfalls and wildlife.
Seward Highway, Alaska
The road that connects Anchorage to Seward is a 127-mile treasure, including natural beauty, wildlife and stories of adventure and endurance. Take a day or several to explore the region that has earned three-fold recognition as a Forest Service Scenic Byway, an Alaskan Scenic Byway and an All-American Road. The drive begins at the base of the Chugach Mountains, hugs the scenic shores of Turn-again Arm and winds through mining towns, national forests and fishing villages as you imagine how explorers, fur traders and gold prospectors might have fared back in the day. Expect waterfalls, glaciers (冰川), eagles, moose (驼鹿) and some good bear stories.
The Lighthouse Trail, Maine
Travel the 375 miles between Kittery and Calais, Maine, visit lighthouses along the way, and learn about the dangers that seagoing boats and their crew endured along the rocky Northeastern coast. Hear tales of shipwrecks (海滩) and of the difficult and lonely life led by those who kept the lights burning brightly. If possible, visit the Maine Lighthouse Museum, where artifacts and hands-on exhibits for children provide an attractive break.
1．What is special about each place mentioned above?
A．Tourists of Colo-road Trips are provided with adaptable plans of trip.
B．Visitors to the Bear-tooth Highway can enjoy the auto display.
C．Drivers along Seward Highway can appreciate the treasure underground.
D．The Lighthouse Trail offers travelers seagoing boats to row on the sea.
2．Which trip may favor kids according to the passage?
A．Colo-road Trips.
B．The Bear-tooth Highway.
C．Seward Highway, Alaska.
D．The Lighthouse Trail, Maine.
3．The best title for the passage is________.
A．Stories of adventure along road trips
B．American popular road trips
C．Recognition for classic places
D．All-American highway journey
Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds (杂草）killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that the 24-hour rhythms of plants leave them more defenseless to herbicides (除草剂） at different points in their daily 24 hour cycle.
They believe the findings could help farmers by reducing crop loss and improving harvests.And gardeners could benefit from knowing which weeds respond better at certain times of the day. In recent years,pesticides (杀虫剂） and herbicides have been implicated in the decline of important pollinating insects, such as bees.
Dr.Antony Dodd, senior author of the new study, said,“The research suggests that,in future, we might be able to improve the use of some chemicals that are used in agriculture by taking advantage of the biological clock in plants.”
Just like humans, plants have evolved to take advantage of cycles of night and day,with certain biological processes turning on at different times of the day.
Scientists have discovered that many drugs work much better in humans if they are given at specific hours. Aspirin, for example, has doubled the impact on thinning the blood if taken at night as opposed to in the morning. The process is known as 'chronotherapy' and researchers wanted to find out if the same concept could be applied to plants.
Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores（气孔） are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour. At the break of the day,plants are also not busy producing food through photosynthesis(光和作用）。The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at dusk.
The air is also likely to be stiller at dawn and dusk,meaning that pesticides or herbicides are less likely to be blown away to places where they are not wanted.Pesticide labels often warn against spraying on windy days in case they endanger people or animals. Many insects are active early in the morning and around dusk, also making very early morning and early evening effective times for insecticide.
Commenting on the study, Dr. Trevor Dines, Botanical Specialist at the conservation charity Plantlife,said, “This is a fascinating research which will be of great interest to many gardeners like me. This research knocks our previous assumption on its head. The opposite is true.”
4．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “implicated in" in the third paragraph?
A．restored to
B．blamed for
C．limited to
D．composed of
5．According to the research,which is one of the reasons for using herbicides in the morning?
A．The process of photosynthesis is most active in the morning.
B．Insects are more defenseless in the morning than any other time of the day.
C．Bigger pores on the plants make herbicides work more effectively.
D．The stronger morning wind blows pesticides away to more places.
6．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Gardeners were not interested in combining science with gardening.
B．A long time had passed before herbicide was applied in farming.
C．The old assumption about the use of chemicals proved right.
D．Many gardeners used to spray herbicides at the wrong time.
7．What is the main idea of this article?
A．New chemicals have been found to help kill harmful insects.
B．Biological clock of plants could help gardeners use less weed killer.
C．Plants' cycles can be taken advantage of to improve the environment.
D．The research on the effects of pesticides has enabled good harvests.
A biologist from the National Park Service discovered a rare and unusual mammoth (猛犸) skull (颅骨) buried in a 13,000-year-old rock laver on the Santa Rosa Island, the second largest landmass in the Channel Islands, California. The fossil of the extinct giant animal is leaving many paleontologists (古生物学家) scratching their heads. Despite the fact that it’s possibly the best preserved mammoth skull ever found and of high scientific importance, the species of the individual it belonged to can’t seem to be identified yet — it’s too big to be a pygmy (特别矮小的) mammoth and too small to have come from a Columbian mammoth. Some say it’s a new species while others believe the truth lies somewhere in between.
The first mammoths showed up in North America around two million years ago, but it was only during the last two ice ages that the Columbian species, which could grow to be up to 14 feet tall, made its way to the Channel Islands 100 miles west of Los Angeles. Once the ice melted, many populations became trapped on the island and evolved into pygmy mammoths, an endemic species (地方物种) to the Channel Islands which grew only to six feet tall.
Judging from its size, the newly found mammoth skull doesn’t seem to fit any of the two species, Columbian or pygmy. To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks (象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter and sloped, more like a juvenile (青少年).
This has caused some scientists to say the Santa Rosa skull may belong to a transitional species. Whatever’s the case, a following examination of the mammoth’s teeth should out the matter to rest. The analysis will also tell us how old the mammoth was when it died, so we can tell for sure whether it was an adult or juvenile.
More interesting than the mammoth’s lineage (宗系), however, might be its story. The giant mammal lived 13,000 years ago or roughly the same timeline of the “Arlington Man”, a 13,000-year-old human skeleton also found on Santa Rosa. Some 3,000 years later humans were already spread throughout the continent and the Channel Islands’ mammoth went extinct. The present finding might help reveal a link between the two.
The remains also seem to confirm a long-held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel Islands. “The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the island: during the most recent ice age 10,000 to 30,000 years ago, as well as the previous ice age that occurred about 150,000 years ago,” said USGS geologist Dan Muhs.
8．The underlined part in the first paragraph means the paleontologists feel_____.
A．excited
B．confused
C．anxious
D．frustrated
9．Which of the following is not among the reasons why the newly found skull is special?
A．It is possibly the best preserved mammoth skull ever found.
B．Its size fits neither the Columbian mammoth nor the pygmy mammoth.
C．It was found in the National Park on the Santa Rosa Island, California.
D．Its two tusks give out different information of the mammoth’s age.
10．What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?
A．Biologists don’t think the examination of the mammoth’s teeth can tell us its age when it died.
B．Mammoths and humans lived on the Santa Rosa Island around 3 000 years ago.
C．Exactly 2 mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands during different periods of time.
D．There remains no final conclusion as to how many mammoth groups migrated to the Islands.
11．This passage mainly tells us the newly found mammoth skull_____.
A．is among the best preserved, but with a mysterious story
B．has aroused a debate over what species it belongs to
C．is of little scientific importance to mankind
D．is likely to confirm a former assumption
Look around on your next plane trip. The iPad is the new pacifier (安抚奶嘴） for babies and toddlers.School-aged children read stories on smartphones. Their parents read on Kindles or skim a long list of email and news feeds. An invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture:the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies(成为···的基础）the brain's ability to read is rapidly changing.Our important “deep reading" processes may be under threat as we move further into the new digital-based ways of reading.
We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like' it is with vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further,it will adapt to that environment's requirements. If the environment advantages the reading processes that are fast, multi-task oriented(以···为方向的） and well-suited for large amounts of information,like the current digital-based reading, so will the reading circuit. As a result, less attention and time will be allocated to slower,time-demanding deep reading processes.
Increasing reports from educators and researchers in psychology and the humanities bear this out. English literature scholar and teacher Mark Edmundson describes how many college students actively avoid the classic literature of the 19th and 20th centuries because they no longer have the patience to read longer, denser, more difficult texts. We should be less concerned with students' "cognitive impatience", however than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis enough to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts.
Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the “new norm" in reading is skimming. Many readers now use an F or Z pattern when reading in which they sample the first line and then word-spot through the rest of the text. When the reading brain skims like this, it doesn't have time to grasp complexity, to understand others' feelings, to be aware of beauty, and to create thoughts of the reader's own.
Karin Littau and Andrew Piper have noted another aspect: physicality. They stress that the sense of touch in print reading adds an important part to information - a kind of“geometry(几何结构）”to words, and a kind of spatial "'thereness" for text. As Piper notes, human beings need a knowledge of where they are in time and space that allows them to return to things and learn from re-examination-what he calls the “technology of recurrence (再现）＂.The importance of recurrence for both young and older readers involves the ability to go back,to check and evaluate one's understanding of a text. The question, then, is what happens to comprehension when our youth skim on a screen whose lack of spatial thereness discourages “looking back".
12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What affects people's neuronal circuits.
B．Why deep reading is important to people.
C．Why people now prefer digital reading.
D．What will happen to our brain when we read.
13．What does the author want to stress about the college students?
A．Their lack of attentiveness.
B．Their lack of reading techniques.
C．Their inability to understand the complexity.
D．Their ignorance of various forms of literature.
14．According to Paragraph 4,the F or Z pattern
A．affects the way people skim
B．encourages people to read more
C．becomes popular among the youth
D．limits people's thinking development
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Reading physical books helps us comprehend a text better.
B．Techniques should be suited for different reading materials.
C．A reading space can help us be more attentive.
D．It is important to use all senses to learn.
阅读选择【江苏省如皋市2021-2022学年高三英语第一学期教学质量调研（一）】
The Book List
Best boss...chosen by Elizabeth Kolbert
Elizabeth Kolber's new book, Under a While Sky, explores climate engineering and other bids to address humanity's impact on nature. Below, the Pulitzer winning author of The Sixth Extinction recommends several other books.
Encounters with the Archdruid by John McPhee (1971)
McPhee's vivid portrait of David Brower, the California mountaineer considered by many to be the "father" of the modern environmental movement, is a classic. It in the process poses one of the central questions of our time: Can a developed, technological society coexist with nature, or are the two contradictory?
Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic by David Quammen (2012).
Spillover is a tour de force: It basically predicted Covid-19. For understanding how our behavior towards animals, both domesticated and wild, made the current pandemic—or one like it—inevitable, there's no better guide.
The Alchemy of Us: How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another by Ainissa Ramirez (2020).
Ramirez, a materials scientist, argues that with our technologies we have transformed not just the world around us but also ourselves. It's a fascinating idea, and Ramirez makes it come alive through the stories of inventors, some well-known, others underappreciated.
A Friend of the Earth by T.C．Boyle (2000).
Fiction about ecological disaster tends to be written in a tragic key. Boyle, by contrast, favors the darkly comic. In this novel, set in 2025, an aging environmentalist is caring for a pop star's Noah's Ark-like animal shelter when a real flood arrives.
1．What do these books have in common?
A．They are all collections of short stories.
B．They are all about people and the planet.
C．They all focused on the effects of Covid-19.
D．They all introduce the most influential people.
2．What kind of books is A Friend of the Earth?
A．A science fiction. B．A tragedy.
C．A mystery novel. D．A comedy.
3．Whose book tells about the improper treatment of animals?
A．Elizabeth Kolbert B．John McPhee
C．David Quammen D．Ainissa Ramirez
Martin Stephen lost his cousin David Jeffrey and almost lost his own life when they were swept into a strong wave as a force 10 gale hit Dunbar two days before Christmas in 1970. The pair had been climbing rocks at the entrance to Dunbar harbour to watch the storm roll in, as they had done many times before.
A sudden wave pulled 11-year-old David into the water. Martin, who was 21, jumped in after Him to try to save him but the waves were just too strong. David was never found. Martin was left struggling against the swell. The lifeboat crew at Dunbar was deployed and after a dramatic rescue mission, Martin was pulled from the sea.
Five decades later, Martin wrote to the crew to thank them once more for their brave actions which allowed him to go on and live a full and happy life. And he had the opportunity to talk via videocall to Davie Kittrick—one of the men who helped him.
David was a young volunteer and he managed to pull Martin's head above the icy water as other crew members joined the rescue. Martin was eventually pulled aboard the Margaret lifeboat, where he was resuscitated. The men took it in turns to keep him alive until they could get him ashore.
David Brunton was the crew member who pulled Martin out of the water that day. He is no longer alive, and it is only now that his son Jamie has learned the full details of the rescue. Jamie said: “I remember my dad coming home in the late afternoon soaking wet. If it hadn't been for my mother who put the plaque up on the wall that he got for the rescue, we wouldn't have known anything about it. Dad wasn't keen to talk about it.”
David Brunton was awarded the RNLI Bronze Medal for Gallantry. Martin, a retired headteacher, said; "I have been given the most extraordinary Christmas present any human being can give. One life was tragically lost on that day, but David Brunton didn't just save one life—he saved nine lives. He saved my three sons and five grandchildren."
4．What can we learn about David Jeffrey from the passage?
A．He lost his life on Christmas. B．He was a lifeboat crew member.
C．He was found dead at Dunbar. D．He was swept away by the wave.
5．When did the story most probably happen?
A．At night in winter. B．At night in summer.
C．On a winter's afternoon. D．On a summer's afternoon.
6．Which of the following can best describe David Brunton?
A．Brave and modest. B．Strict and selfless.
C．Helpful and generous. D．Clever and determined.
7．What does Martin mean by saying "he saved nine lives"?
A．David Brunton's life is the best Christmas present.
B．David Brunton's act has an impact on his family.
C．David Brunton's climbing rocks matters greatly.
D．David Brunton would save lives at Christmas.
With 137 billion citizens, Chin has the world's largest population but has one of the smallest surname (姓) pools. Only about 6,000 surnames are in use, according to the Ministry of Public Security.
There are a few reasons for this: China is less racially diverse than counties such as the us, where the large number of minority groups increases surname diversity. It also has to do with language; you can’t just add a random stroke to a Chinese character and create a new surname, the way you can add a letter to an English name.
But there's also another factor at play: technology. China's digital revolution has transformed daily life, and many of these systems rely on a limited list of standardized Chinese character. That means people with rare characters in their names, which aren't compatible with existing computer systems, can get left behind—pushing many to change their names for the sake of convenience, even if it means abandoning centuries of heritage and language.
"The culture of surnames has been passed down in our country for thousands of years, with a deep and broad influence," the Ministry of Public Security said in its 2019 annual nationwide survey on surnames.“ Throughout history, the surnames have developed and differentiated, forming more than 6,000 surnames in use today."
The first records of Chinese surnames stretch back to "the era of bronze, bamboo and silk script", according to the ministry—referring to when people wrote on raw materials in the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600-256 BC), before the invention of paper. By the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), a book called the "Hundred Family Surnames", listing several hundred of the most common surnames, had become a classic text taught to children.
China's history, full of migration, political unrest and wars, meant people's names often changed—which is partly why many have since disappeared. Sometimes, ancient rulers would adopt the names of their state or fiefdom (封地); others were granted new royal surnames by emperors.
People sometimes changed their names for convenience, too—for instance, simplifying complex characters by adopting similar-sounding ones with fewer strokes.
8．Why do Americans have many last names?
A．Their language is very flexible.
B．American surnames have a long history.
C．They don't have to carry on their family names.
D．The population of the United States is growing rapidly.
9．What does the underlined word “compatible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Capable of being used. B．Hard to understand.
C．Impossible to achieve. D．Worthy of note.
10．What can we learn about surnames in ancient times?
A．They were greatly influenced by the invention of paper.
B．Social unrest led to the disappearance of some surnames.
C．They could help reunite people during periods of conflict
D．The number of surnames was the largest in the Song Dynasty.
11．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．The cultural significance of Chinese surnames.
B．The way the ancient Chinese chose their surnames.
C．The development of Chinese surnames in history.
D．The reason why just a few surnames are in use in China.
Sport is a multibillion-dollar industry, and top teams are increasingly turning to technology to give them the edge. Until recently, gathering athletes' performance data was a hard process. Coaches and sports scientists would spend hours collecting information from games and training sessions, pulling out the information related to their players development. But technology-based performance analytics has changed that.
These days, athletes can wear devices or vests with GPS-tracking capabilities that record the speed and distance as they run, as well as the impacts on their body. The information helps coaches develop training plans to prevent athletes from becoming too tired and maximize performance for match days.
STATSports, a company based in Northern Ireland, is a leader in the performance analytics industry. Most teams in the English Premier League (EPL) use its technology, as do top American football teams. In 2018, the company secured a five-year deal with the US Soccer Federation, reported to be worth $1.2 billion, which STATSports said would see millions of US players at all levels using its devices.
“When we started the company 12 years ago, this technology was in the early stages," STATSports co-founder Sean O'Connor said. "Now, it's common throughout most sports at all levels and it's now about being able to get the maximum from it." The company's Sonra 3.0 software released in 2020 lets teams view data almost instantly from mobile devices so that even during competition, players and coaches can get feedback and make changes. Over the past year, the technology has also been used to track performance away from the training ground. As the United Kingdom went into lockdown, clubs used STATSport's devices to keep track of their players as they trained remotely.
The sports analytics industry could be worth $4.6 billion by 2025, according to Grand View Research, with the technology starting to expand to the amateur level. Companies such as Australia's Catapult- which also works with EPL teams- -and STATSports have developed systems targeted at the amateur market, letting users compare their performance to their peers' and to professionals'.
"You can create a group with your friends, compare yourself to professionals and estimate where you are in relation to that," says O'Connor. "There's a huge appetite for that and it's growing.
And the underbelly (弱点) of kids and youth football players is where the next wave of technology advances will come."
12．What does the underlined word “that" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The use of athletes' achievements.
B．The performance of professional athletes.
C．The method of training professional athletes.
D．The way to get useful data about athletes' performance.
13．What can we know about STATSports?
A．Its devotion to football skills is impressive.
B．Its technology has already been widely accepted.
C．Its development is based on national cooperation.
D．Its business has been badly affected by COVID-19.
14．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．The history of STATSports.
B．What STATSports plans to do next.
C．The development of the technology.
D．How to track athletes through Sonra 3.0.
15．Who will be the future target audience for STATSports?
A．Different football fans. B．College students.
C．Young footballers. D．Amateur players.
阅读选择【江苏省淮安市高中校协作体2021-2022学年高三英语期中】
Ultimate Expression 2021 is an international online art contest which is open for all children of age group 6 to 19 years old. It has been started to motivate artistic and creative minds. More details are mentioned as follows.
Date: June 13th-July 13th, 2021
Subject or Theme: Painting on any subject or theme is accepted except related to violence, drugs or adult themes
Entry Fees: NO entry fees
Awards/Certificates: Winners will receive Art Recognition Pack, which consists of publication of painting in the website, publication of winner's photo in the winner's gallery. Certificate of Achievement and Recognition as Star Artist, Diamond Artist and Gold Artist.
Winners will be judged on 10 point scale.
9.0 to 10.0 points
Star Artist
8.0 to 8.9 points
Diamond Artist
6.0 to 7.9 points
Gold Artist
5.0 to 5.9 points
Silver Artist(Award not offered)


Fees for Art Recognition Pack & Certificate: The fees is $1.5 for Star artists and $17 for some selected Artists.
Judgments: Innovation, Creativity, Engaging, Perfection, Age of Artist, Presentation and Artistic Ability
The entries may be REJECTED due to following reasons:
●Your art-work contains any objectionable subject or copyrighted material.
●The image of the painting is not clear.
●You don't conform to the age limit of the art contest.
●You submitted the drawings multiple times.
●Signature of the artist is not on the painting.
How to participate: Click the button below. In the next page you need to fill the form and upload the painting, and click on submit button.
21．How much will the artist pay if he is judged 7.5 points according to Art Recognition Pack &Certificate?
A．$1.5.
B．$15.5.
C．$17.
D．$18.5.
22．Which of the following will be the reason leading to rejection?
A．The participant is 17 years old.
B．The artist's name is on the painting.
C．A few of copyrighted materials are used.
D．The painting is submitted only one time.
23．Where is the text probably from?
A．A website.
B．A guidebook.
C．A newspaper.
D．A brochure.
It was a stormy evening, and all that Neil could hope was to find a shelter that could keep him protected from the chilly wind and cold rain. After work he had to get home on time, as his busy schedule was preventing him from spending quality time with his family. The bus stop on the way provided temporary shelter, where Neil was becoming increasingly agitated(焦虑不安的) with every passing minute. All his evening plans were washed out.
“Sir, why don’t you buy a pack of groundnuts(花生) from me?” Neil looked around to see a man in rag standing by his side. “Oh, no, I’m not interested right now.” “Fried groundnuts will do you a world of good now. Moreover, you can also take some for your family.” The very mention of family brought a concern to Neil. His wife had specifically told him to come home early, if not for her sake, at least for the sake of their seven-year-old son.
When he was lost in thought, the groundnut seller had filled a bag with the remaining nuts and offered him an unexpectedly low price. But, Neil refused to buy them: “I do not want to buy anything at this point!” Suddenly, he heard a voice of a kid. “Dad, I want some money to buy books for the school.” He saw a ten-year-old boy, totally drenched from top to bottom, as though he had just run a race. He was talking to the groundnut seller. “Yes, yes, I’m ready to leave now. Come! How many books do you want? Why did you get wet in the rain? Your mother must be getting worried.”
Neil turned to the seller. There was an instant when they both made the perfect eye contact. Neil had the look of what it is to be a father. The groundnut seller did not say anything and gave the packet of groundnuts without saying a word. Neil pulled a note from his wallet, placed it in the man’s hand, and walked away without waiting for the change.
24．Why did Neil become more anxious at the bus stop?
A．The rain stopped him from getting home on time.
B．The chilly wind made him feel colder and colder.
C．He thought of his boring and heavy work.
D．He couldn’t find a good place to keep off the rain.
25．Why didn’t Neil buy the man’s groundnuts at first?
A．He didn’t have enough money on him. B．His family doesn’t like groundnuts.
C．He was in a bad mood at that time. D．His family was a little poor.
26．What does the underlined word “drenched” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Wet through. B．Very excited. C．Well dressed. D．Sweat heavily.
27．What made Neil buy all the seller’s groundnuts?
A．The seller’s generous action. B．His having a pity for the seller.
C．The seller’s greatness as a father. D．His being moved by the seller’s son.
On a sunny but bitterly cold February day, a line of small children snaked their way from Dale to Dale Fort on the Haverfordwest estuary. They were the last of more than 2,000 volunteers who over the last year have collected, stored and put seagrass seeds into little bags, ready for planting. These seagrass seeds were soon to join others on the seafloor a few hundred metres off-shore from Dale to recover two hectares of seagrass meadow (草甸). This recovery is the latest attempt to change a century of destruction.
In the UK, we can only estimate the loss but in Denmark, seagrass records dating back to the 1880s give a very serious and accurate picture. At the turn of the last century, fishing was vital to the Danish economy. It was known then that seagrass meadows were a vital habitat for young sea fish and so in 1908 botanist Carl Ostenfeld was asked to study the seagrasses, then found in all the estuaries and entrance of Denmark. That study provided a clear standard against which to measure the loss of seagrass in Denmark, a loss that currently stands at 95 percent.
Why does this matter? Seagrass not only provide a nurturing habitat for fish but also stabilises the shore and absorbs energy, reducing the impact of storms. Boat anchors (船锚) are one cause of damage to seagrass; seashore development another. But the main cause is river water pollution, particularly nutrients from fertiliser and dirty water. These excess nutrients cause algal (藻类) growth that blankets the seagrass, cutting out light, and then later, when it dies off and rots, removes all oxygen.
One of the important messages is, if you stop killing sea life and protect it, then it does come back. We can turn the oceans around and we know it makes sense economically, for human health and, of course, for the environment.
28．What did the kids do in Dale over the last year?
A．Have an interesting trip.
B．Gather seagrass seeds.
C．Protect seagrass from snakes.
D．Make an important study.
29．What can we know about Carl Ostenfeld’s study?
A．It was carried out in the UK and Denmark.
B．It contributed to Danish economy greatly.
C．It showed the loss of seagrass in Denmark.
D．It made some practical measures for Denmark.
30．Which of the following affects seagrass most seriously?
A．Algal growth.
B．Seashore development.
C．Air pollution.
D．Boats anchors
31．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To show recovering seagrass is beneficial.
B．To ask people to plant much seagrass.
C．To present the dangers to seagrass.
D．To persuade people to catch fewer sea fish.
The UK government has a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal(处置）from the state to the companies that make it.
The legislation requires waste producers to pay into the system themselves or through their suppliers that is what the government termed, a “polluter pays” principal. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into play. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 that prohibits the destruction(销毁）of unsold clothing, cosmetics, hygiene products and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse,or recycle the items.
Dealing with waste is a global problem and we must deal with the over 2 billion metric tons of solid waste generated every year. The World Bank estimates that overall waste will increase to 3.4 billion tons if nothing is done to change the situation.
The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK is taking has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. Josh Bowden,co-founder of Noissue told Positive News.
What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be better invested in things like social care or parks or libraries.” Other countries have made great progress in reducing waste. Sweden's recycling program is so efficient that the country is running out of trash. The recycling rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste. Today, large companies are greening their brands and moving to sustainable packaging including Colgate,Waitrose,Nestle, and Unilever which now has recyclable black packaging. The government of the UK hopes that other companies will follow their example. A partnership between government legislation and private companies will go a long way to reducing the tons of waste going into our environment every year. Laws like the ones in the UK and France can be implemented around the world.
32．Who will pay for the costs dealing with UK's waste in the future?
A．The UK government.
B．The companies.
C．The World Bank
D．The customers.
33．How should French shops deal with unsold goods?
A．By destroying them.
B．By throwing them away.
C．By donating them to poor people.
D．By reusing them.
34．What does The World Bank think of world waste disposal problem?
A．Serious. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncontrolled. D．Hopeful.
35．What can we infer for the last paragraph?
A．Local governments will spend more money controlling pollution.
B．Almost all companies are willing to reduce the waste
C．Sweden has done a good job in dealing with waste.
D．Laws controlling waste in the UK and France is complete.
阅读选择【江苏省海门中学、淮阴中学、姜堰中学2021-2022学年高三上学期11月阶段测试（期中）】
CWA Photo Competition 2021
Calling all photographers!
We've all been spending more time indoors lately. Whether you've been killing time looking back at photos from holidays past, risking taking walking to local sites, or busy working at home, we want to see your best photos on an archaeological theme. Send then to us for your chance to win the first prize in our yearly CWA Photo Competition and have your work shown in the magazine.
The winning image and three runners-up will be featured in CWA．The overall winner will get a free 2-year subscription to the magazine.
Closing date:1 October, 2021
The judge's decision is final, and the results of prize-winners will be announced by 15 October, 2021.
Rules:
▲All photos entered must be done under an individual's name. By submitting images you confirm that you are the copyright holder and creator of the images.
▲Entrants must be 18 or over. The competition is open to all amateur and professional photographers. Amateur and professional entries will not be judged separately.
▲Entrants can submit up to 5 images — please include details of the site of artefact photographed, when each image was taken, and your contact information, including a postal address.
▲Entrants can send your entries by email to cwa@world-archaeology.com with the subject line: CWA PHOTO COMPETITION 2021 or on a disc to CWA PHOTO COMPETITION, Current Publishing, Thames Wors, Church Street, London W4 2PD
1．What subject should the entries focus on?
A．Holiday experiences. B．Archaeological findings.
C．Taking walks outside. D．Working at home.
2．What is required of participants?
A．Submitting individual pieces. B．Being a professional photographer.
C．Being a regular subscriber to the magazine D．Mailing their entries before 15 October 2021.
3．How many images at most can each competitor send?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Five. D．Six.
Microsoft won't renew the contracts for dozens of news production contractors working at its MSN website and plans to use AI to replace them.
The roughly 50 employees were informed that their services would no longer be needed beyond June 30, but a team of full-time journalists will remain.
The Microsoft spokesman said in a statement, “Like all companies, we analyze and make judgments on our activities and services on a regular basis. This can result in increased investment in some places and, from time to time,rearrangement in others.These decisions are not the result of the current pandemic.”
MSN will use AI to replace the production work its journalists had been doing. That work includes using an automated system to identify trending news stories from dozens of publishing partners and to help improve the content by rewriting headlines or adding better accompanying photographs or slide shows.
“I spend all my time reading about how automation and AI are going to take all our jobs-now it's taken mine, one of the terminated contractors said. “But with fewer human beings to monitor the technology, AI may not be fully familiar with strict editorial guidelines and could end up letting through inappropriate stories."
MSN has undergone a number of changes since its Launch as Microsoft Network in 1995. Once ii offered original content and links to news, weather and sports. In 2013, it seduced original news content and began cutting employees. By 2014. it launched a redesigned version that partnered with other news sites - paying them to redistribute their content. Today, the news service relies entirely on those partnerships with no original news content of its own. Selecting and editing stories rather than actually generating them made it easier for MSN to increasingly rely on an automated editing system.
4．What is happening at Microsoft?
A．More people are being employed to develop .
B．Some workers are being fired and replaced by Al.
C．Robots are being used to write news reports for MSN.
D．It is signing new contracts with some workers at MSN.
5．What does the Microsoft spokesman mean?
A．The will invest more in AI.
B．They frequently examine their business.
C．They provide the best services for Internet users.
D．They have been badly influenced by the pandemic.
6．The underlined word “terminated" in Paragraph 5 probably means ”？
A．scheduled
B．informed.
C．involved.
D．dismissed.
7．Which best describes how MSN works now?
A．All its news is produced by other news sites.
B．Other news websites pay it to use its content.
C．Original content is encouraged on its website.
D．Its partners help it select aid edit news stories.
Constant notifications(通知)on your phone. TV news specials in place of your favourite sports show. WhatsApp and Messenger full of COVID-19 articles your out-of-touch aunt just “had to share”.Sound familiar? If our daily news intake was counted in calories, many of us would have put on even more weight in recent months.
While audience numbers for network television news shows remain much higher than usual in many countries, ratings are, in some places, starting to decrease. In the UK, news shows have recorded their lowest audience figures since the country went into lockdown. The Nieman Journalism Lab, part of Harvard University, recently reported that “news traffic to news sites, both in the US and around the world, is pretty much back to pre-coronavirus levels”.
There are also many people who are finding themselves consumed by the news cycle mole than usual. Journalists,communications professionals, doctors, scientist and,most recently. disinfectant (消毒剂) producers are among those having to stay on top of daily comments and data in a way they've never previously experience. For many, this is happening while they are working from home and managing blurred(模糊的)boundaries between their work and private lives.
So how should we balance news fatigue and anxiety with the need to remain informed on the latest news during the crisis? John-Paul Davies. a London-based expert, argues that for most of us, checking the headlines once a day is a sensible goal. This could be reduced to once a week for those with high levels of anxiety. He says it is also important to select “a trusted news site' or radio station with a focus on “facts rather than guesses”.
For those whose work is connected to the coronavirus crisis, experts accept it may be much harder to reduce news consumption. But John-Paul Davies says it's still important to make an effort to “put boundaries” around how much information you watch or read. Liz Martin, a therapist based in London, recommends regular digital check-ins with workmates doing similar roles. “It's really important to be a support to one another,” she argues.
8．What happened to people during COVID-19?
A．They kept on putting on weight.
B．They lost touch with their relatives.
C．They were overloaded with news on COVID-19.
D．They were forced to choose between TV news and sports shows.
9．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By testing assumptions.
C．By making predictions.
D．By drawing comparisons.
10．What does the author want to explain in Paragraph 3?
A．Making a smart and successful career move is very important.
B．The boundaries between work and life vary from person to person.
C．The advantages of working from home are greater than its disadvantages.
D．Some people are strongly affected by the news cycle for professional reasons.
11．What is John-Paul Davies' advice?
A．Seeking help from others.
B．Turning to reliable sources.
C．Keeping checking the headlines.
D．Putting information in order of priority.
It may be the holiday season, but the spirit of peace and good will has not infected the streets of Los Angeles. More drivers seem to be rolling through stop signs and running red lights than ever before. Everyone seems to be in a terrible hurry.
Why is everyone in such a hurry? Where are they rushing to?
I think perhaps the answer lies in answering this question: What does that round of parties and meeting and mad rushing from place to place allow all of us to avoid confronting? T think the answer is clear- ourselves.
There is an experiment where subjects had to choose between being alone with themselves and their thoughts for approximately 15 minutes and receiving electric shocks. The majority chose the shocks-a reflection of how painful, frightening,threatening,confusing,boring(!),you name it... we find being alone with just ourselves and our thoughts.
Our desire not to be with our innermost thoughts is so great that we create and find distractions. In the car, we can make phone calls or listen to music. We live in a world of endless opportunities for distraction.
I understand the desire. Life is hard. Growing is a painfully slow process. To keep moving requires determination and strength - and giving up seems so much easier (as do those electric shocks!) We may win some battles, but the war is never over. Sometimes we arc just too tired to fight and just need that music or that book to relax. I just instinctively(本能地）tun on the radio when I get in the car; I don't even give the quiet a moment to sink in.
But it's time for a reality check; otherwise we slip into an avoidance mode. It's challenging. But let's make a change. Instead of rushing from house to car to meeting to groceries to... let's take a moment to stop and think before each activity. What do I want to achieve now? And what is the best way to do that? Maybe I could think of ways to grow.
12．Why does the author mention drivers on the streets of Los Angeles?
A．To describe a strong holiday atmosphere.
B．To present a unique social situation in America.
C．To raise his question on why people are in a rush.
D．To show that it's time to improve road safety in America.
13．Why did the majority of subjects choose electric shocks?
A．They found the innermost thoughts great.
B．They enjoyed being alone with themselves.
C．They refused painful and threatening distractions.
D．They wanted to find opportunities for distraction.
14．What does the author think of the people who chose the shocks in.the experiment?
A．They should be more courageous.
B．Their attitude to life was unexpected.
C．Their behavior was understandable.
D．They should refuse to take part in the experiment
15．What's the best title of the text?
A．Fighting distractions.
B．Being with ourselves.
C．Reviewing our mistakes.
D．Rushing from place to place
阅读选择【江苏省常州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】


NEW: Thanks to the SNCF discount card,you will never pay more than € 39 for a short trip, € 59 for an intermediate trip and €79 for a long trip in Europe, in 2nd class on a direct TGV INOUI and INTERCITES train.
It's time to pack your bag and explore the 4 corners of France!
Good to know: you can start the validity of your card up to 5 months after the date of purchase (Ex: you buy 1 card on 01/01/2022, you can start its validity on 01/06/2022, to use it until 31/05/2023).
Do you travel regularly? Discover our discount cards
Your discount card pays for itself already from the first trip
-60% for 1 child aged 4 to 11 accompanied by the card holder
Capped prices even at the last minute in France
Free exchange and refund of tickets until 3 days before departure
A new discount card, with even more advantages!
Discover the discount card and its 3 profiles to meet everyone's needs.Depending on your age,select the card that suits you and benefit from reductions all year round!
21．This piece of information is ________.
A．sent by TGV INOUI B．sent by INTERCITES
C．aimed at selling train tickets D．aimed at selling discount cards
22．Which of the following is true of the discount card?
A．It costs you €79 for an intermediate trip ticket. B．It does not work for a first-class ticket.
C．Its validity starts from the date of buying. D．It allows you to return tickets at any time.
23．If a long tip ticket to London from Paris costs €200, then an adult with a discount card and his 10-year-old son should pay ________.
A．€400 B．€280 C．€159 D．€158
An old man and his son were driving their donkey to a neighboring fair to sell him. They had not gone far when they met with a troop of women collected round a well, talking and laughing "Look there,” cried one of them, “did you ever see such fellows, to be trudging along the road on foot when they might ride?” The old man hearing this, quickly made his son mount the donkey and continued to walk along merrily by his side.
Presently they came up to a group of old men in earnest debate. "There," said one of them "it proves what I was saying. What respect is shown to old age in these days? Do you see that idle lad riding while his old father has to walk? Get down, you young scapegrace, and let the old man rest his exhausted body. “Upon this the old man made his son dismount, and got up himself.
In this manner they had not proceeded far when they met a company of women and children: “Why, you lazy old fellow," cried several tongues at once, “how can you ride upon the beast, while that poor little young man there can hardly keep pace by the side of you?” The Miller immediately took up his son behind him.
They had now almost reached the town. “pray, honest friend,” said a citizen, “is that donkey your own?" “Yes,” replied the old man. “O, one would not have thought so,” said the other, “by the way you load him. Why, you two fellows are better able to carry the poor beast than he you.” So, alighting with his son, they tied the legs of the donkey together and with the help of a pole struggled to carry him on their shoulders over a bridge near the entrance to the town.
This entertaining sight brought the people in crowds to laugh at it, till the donkey, not liking the noise nor the strange handling that he was subject to, broke the ropes that bound him and falling off the pole, fell into the river.
24．Who actually caused the old man's loss?
A．Himself. B．His son. C．The donkey. D．People who laughed at him.
25．In what logical order did the author arrange the events in his story?
A．From negative to positive. B．From reasonable to abnormal.
C．From imaginary to factual. D．From realistic to ideal.
26．What main feeling does the donkey have in the process?
A．Excited B．Relaxed C．Confused D．Worried
27．What lesson can we learn from this story?
A．Too many cooks spoil the meat soup.
B．Don' keep all your eggs in one basketball.
C．By trying to please everybody you can please nobody.
D．Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
All melodies(旋律)and harmony in Western music is typically built from just 12 notes. Whether it's a splendid symphony, flourishing concerto or your favourite western pop songs, it will contain 12 familiar tones and be based around familiar intervals(间隙)between these tones to create the melodies we know and love today.
Western music typically uses 12 notes-C, D, E, F, G, A and B, plus five fats(降调) and equal sharps(升调)in between, which are: C sharp/D flat(they're the same note, just named differently), D sharp/E flat, F sharp/G flat, G sharp/A flat and A sharp/B flat.
These 12 notes have typically been used to compose most of the Western music we listen to. The reasons music has landed on these specific notes can be summed up as a combination of convenience, science and listener preferences.
All sounds are the result of waves, and the frequency of waves determine the pitch(音高)of sounds we hear. Pitches or notes that sound high, for instance, have a high frequency. But when it comes to our familiar 12 notes, it's not all about frequency-in fact, frequency hasn't created this set of 12.
We typically use just 12 notes in Western music because of the spaces-or intervals-between the notes.
Pieces of music are familiar entirely because of these intervals. Think of the children's song 'Baa baa Black Sheep' -it's still the same 'Baa baa Black sheep' when you start on the note C as if you start on B, or indeed if it's sung by a person with a deep,low voice as if it's sung by a person with a very high voice. For performers and music theory experts, this is what 'transposing(转调))'is.
Talking about 12 notes in music generally applies to music from the West and from some other parts of the world, but certainly isn't an exhaustive system for all music. Arabic music had a 17 tone scale. Indian classical music creates colour between notes far beyond the limited 12 notes. Indonesian gamelan also uses a different scale. And there are of course many, many more different ways music makers have split the octave(八度音阶)up into different notes to create sensational melodies throughout human history.
28．Which of the following notes come between note C and note F sharp in correct order going upwards?
A．C flat, C, D,E flat,E
B．C Sharp,D,D fat E sharp, F
C．C flat, C, D, D sharp,E
D．C sharp, D, D sharp, E,F
29．Why is the song 'Baa baa Black Sheep always the same whether you start on the note Cor the note B?
A．It is always sung by people with a deep voice and then a low voice.
B．The frequency and pitch of note B and C are always the same.
C．The intervals between each of the 12 notes are always the same.
D．It is always transposed by musicians between different notes.
30．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．12 notes in music act better than a 17-tone scale.
B．Music varies in different areas around the world.
C．Western music should borrow some ways from the world.
D．The world should learn from western 12-tone scale.
31．What's the best title of this article?
A．12 Notes in Western Music
B．Difference Between World Music
C．How can We Enjoy Western Music?
D．Why is 12 Notes World Famous?
Ashlee Thomas' struggles are just one example of Instagram's potential"toxic"effect on teen girls,as highlighted in he congressional(国会的) testimony(证词)of Frances Haugen on Friday.
"I believe Facebook's products harm children,encourage division and weaken our democracy, said Haugen, a 37-year-old former Facebook product manager who worked on civic integrity issues at the company.
Facebook's own internal research,cited by Haugen,showed"13.5%of teen girls on Instagram Instagram is owned by Facebook) say the platform makes thoughts of 'Suicide and Self Injury worse"and 17% say the platform makes" Eating Issues"such as anorexia(厌食症)worse.
Its research also claimed Facebook's platforms"make body image issues worse for l in 3 teen girls."
"The company's leadership knows how to make Facebook and Instagram safer but won't make the necessary changes because they have put their profits before people,"Haugen said during her opening remarks."Congressional action is needed. They wont solve this crisis without your help."
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg took to the platform he built to defend the company against Haugen's allegations(指控),saying in a 1,300-word statement that the tech giant's research on its impact on children was being misrepresented.
"We care deeply about issues like safety, well-being and mental health,"Zuckerberg wrote.
He added, "Many of the claims don't make any sense.If we wanted to ignore research, why would we create an industry-leading research program to understand these important issues in the first place?"
In a statement, Facebook doubted the interpretation(解释) of the research and insisted th percentages are much lower.The company has also said it welcomes regulation.
Still, those familiar with the workings of the tech world say it will take much more to save teens.
"Their business model's putting kids into these kinds of loops of engagement,"said Tristan Harris, co-founder of the Center for Humane Technology."And that's what I’m really worried about...that there isn't some quick fix to this thing.It’s the intrinsic((固有的)nature of the product."
32．What issue does this article mainly talk about?
A．Facebook's development problems.
B．Children's poor eating habits.
C．Facebook's possible harm on its users.
D．Instagram's business model.
33．What does the underlined word"toxic"in the first paragraph most probably mean?
A．poisonous B．Immediate
C．beneficial D．dramatic
34．What is the main conflict between Frances Haugen and Mark Zuckerberg?
A．Whether there is a Facebook internal research.
B．Whether the result of the internal research is true.
C．Whether Facebook accepts regulation.
D．Whether Facebook cares about its users.
35．What is the best structure of this passage?
A． B．
C． D．

阅读选择【江苏省高邮市2022届高三上学期期初学情调研】
Dive with Big Sharks
Our shark dive adventures make use of hookah systems and shark cages. A hookah system is a system of providing air from the surface to divers down below. Cage divers breathe by using a regulator connected to an air hose.
Is Shark Diving Dangerous?
Yes. You could get sunburnt. You could hit your head on the top bunk getting out of bed. You could fall overboard. As for a shark attack, according to the International Shark Attack File, you are far more likely to be killed by a dog or a deer.
Pricing & Details
One day Cage Diver Adventure $ 875
Our expert shark diver team will accompany you to the best viewing areas within the Marine Sanctuary. There, we'll drop our cage and prepare to provide you with a view you'll never forget.
No dive experience is necessary. Our cages sit just below the surface. You'll be able to breathe comfortably from your snorkel or air hose while you move about the cage, taking photos and having fun.
Top Shark Adventure $ 375
If you want to see great white sharks but prefer them a little further away, we offer great top-side shark viewing from our observation deck(甲板). Help scan the horizon for fins and watch for sharks attacking their prey(猎物).
Important Note
There's No Shark Guarantee
Although we go to the best places at the best time of year, we cannot guarantee you'll see sharks. We've been very successful in past shark seasons and expect another incredible year. However, if we see no sharks, there is no refund(退款).
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the two adventures?___________.
A．Top Shark Adventure makes use of hookah systems.
B．Cage Diver Adventure offers you a view of the bottom of the sea.
C．Cage Diver Adventure is less interesting than the other.
D．Top Shark Adventure is suitable for those worried about danger.
2．We can learn from the advertisement that there might be a risk that____________.
A．you fail to achieve your purpose of the trip B．you are out of breath deep down in the sea
C．you are hurt by a shark while diving there D．you suffer from lack of skill in shark diving
3．It can be inferred from the advertisement that shark diving is____________.
A．difficult but exciting B．challenging and tiring
C．amazing and enjoyable D．expensive but popular
The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning, but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready.
Running on the beach can be a good thing. It’s certainly different from running on a track or a pavement. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平坦的) surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement. But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces. For example, your feet, ankles and lower back might feel sorer and more tired than usual after a beach run just because the surface is constantly moving and changing step to step.
You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water. If you’re going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope.
Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot — not wearing anything on feet. However, if you’re not used to barefoot running, start slowly and don’t run long distances at first. That’s because running barefoot uses more different muscles than running with shoes does, and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet. If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it!
Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage.
4．Why is it difficult to run on the beach for starters?
A．The soft surface makes people fall over easily.
B．People need to run carefully on its smooth surface.
C．Running on its uneven surface takes much effort.
D．It’s hard to keep one’s balance on its hard surface.
5．Which of the following best explains “upside” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．Advantage. B．Reason.
C．Character. D．Challenge.
6．What’s the author’s attitude to barefoot running?
A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring.
7．The passage can probably be found in ______.
A．A primary school textbook B．A tourist guide
C．A sports magazine D．A scientific report
The Gata used to look annoyed when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, an area of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months, they haven’t paid a cent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions (住宅开发项目) in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low power appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of traditional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and keeping indoor warmth winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility's power grid(电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power that they get from the grid, minus the kilowatts(千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times," says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”
What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be extremely expensive. For the consumer, it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the power bill.
8．Why is the Gata eager to see their electricity bills now?
A．They want to cut down their utility' expenses.
B．They want to know if they are able to pay.
C．They want to see how much they have saved.
D．They want to avoid being overcharged.
9．What is special about the ZEH communities?
A．They are built in harmony with the environment.
B．They have created cutting edge technologies.
C．They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.
D．They aim to be independent in power supply.
10．What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company?
A．More pressure at peak time B．Reduced operational costs.
C．Increased electricity output. D．Less profits in the short term.
11．The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community __________.
A．is a worthy investment in the long run B．is but a dream for average consumers
C．gives the owner great tax benefits D．contributes to environmental protection
We've all heard it before： to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at 3： 45 am, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3： 30 am and Richard Branson at 5： 45 am ﹣and, as we all know, "the early bird's catches the worm. "
But just because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share？ And if the idea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 am makes you want to roll over and hit snooze till next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successful life？
For about half of us, this isn't really an issue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn't really morning or evening﹣oriented, but somewhere in the middle. Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright﹣eyed early risers, and another one in four are night owls. For them, the effects can go beyond falling asleep in front of the TV at 10 pm or being regularly late for work.
Numerous studies have found that morning people are more self﹣directed and agreeable. And compared to night owls, they plan for the future more and have a better sense of well﹣being.
Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures of memory, processing speed and cognitive （认知） ability, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning. Night﹣time people are also more open and more creative. And one study shows that night owls are as healthy and wise as morning types ﹣and a little bit wealthier.
Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material？ Don't set your alarm for 5 am Just yet. As it turns out, overhauling （全面改革） your sleep time may not have much effect
"If people are left to their naturally preferred time, they feel much better. They say that they are much more productive. The mental capacity they have is much broader, " says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff. On the other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful. When they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing melatonin （褪黑素）. "Then you disrupt it and push the body to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequence. " Wulff says, like a different sensitivity to insulin and glucose （葡萄糖） which can cause weight gain.
12．What does the author do in the first three paragraph？
A．raising the problem→analyzing the problem → solving the problem
B．leading in the topic→challenging a viewpoint → discussing about the topic
C．presenting a viewpoint → providing supporting proofs→making a conclusion
D．introducing a viewpoint →raising the question→presenting author's viewpoint
13．What can we know from the 4th and 5th paragraph？
A．Morning types tend to have clear goals and better mood.
B．To beat night﹣time people ask them to do math calculation in the morning.
C．Night owls tend to sacrifice their health for their wealth.
D．Neither night owls nor morning persons perform better than the middle ones.
14．Which of the following does Katharina Wulff support？
A．Don't fall sleep in front of the TV.
B．Avoid being regularly late for work.
C．Stop setting your alarm for 5 am.
D．Better not overhaul your sleep time.
15．Why does the author write this article？
A．To explain why some people are more successful.
B．To compare the differences between early risers and night owls.
C．To advise people to get up neither too early nor too late.
D．To argue against this view that the Carly bird catches the worm.