专题01 阅读理解（第03期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第03期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读【江苏省苏州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期初调研】
For centuries, tea has been used for far more than overcoming thirst. Around the world people drink it to relax and restore energy.
Green, oolong and black tea come from the same plant — Camellia sinensis (茶树). Green tea, however, is processed in a different way, which results in higher levels of some of the compounds that scientists believe have positive effects on our mental health.
A 2017 review of more than 100 studies found that green tea can impact the brain in three ways: reduce anxiety; focus attention; and improve brain function, especially memory. However, it was cautioned that the effects aren’t large, and current evidence is mainly provided by small-scale studies.
There are also suggestions that tea could improve the symptoms of depression, dementia (痴呆) and Down syndrome (唐氏综合征).
A 2018 study conducted in South Korea found that frequent green tea drinkers were 21% less likely to develop depression than those who were non-drinkers. However, as an observational study, it couldn’t establish cause and effect, only association.
Tea also has some benefits for our physical health — it’s linked to a longer life, could reduce some risk factors for cardiovascular (心血管的) disease such as heart attack and stroke, and may also have a weight-losing effect.
“We need better data to truly assess the benefits of tea on our mental and physical well-being,” said Gunter Kuhnle at the University of Reading, “however, with the exception of green tea pills, which have been linked to liver damage, and burning tea, which has been linked to esophageal (食道的) cancer, there’s no real downside to a cup of tea. I think most people enjoy rituals (仪式感). It’s a comforting thing. If there’s anything wrong, here it’s a cup of tea that’s needed.”
21．How is green tea different from oolong and black tea?
A．It cures depression and dementia.
B．It is never part of a complex ritual.
C．It has higher levels of certain compounds.
D．It is taken from Camellia sinensis.
22．What does Gunter Kuhnle want to express?
A．Green tea rituals give people comfort.
B．Green tea pills may cause esophageal cancer.
C．Green tea brings people more harm than good.
D．Green tea proves beneficial with no exception.
23．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Which tea prevents cancer
B．Why drinking tea might help
C．When tea causes liver damage
D．How teas are processed
【答案】21．C22．A23．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喝茶对人身体有益，特别是绿茶，喝绿茶可以缓解焦虑、提高认知记忆能力和促进脑功能。
21．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Green tea, however, is processed in a different way, which results in higher levels of some of the compounds that scientists believe have positive effects on our mental health. (然而，绿茶的加工方式不同，导致某些化合物含量更高，科学家认为这些化合物对我们的心理健康有积极影响)”可知，绿茶与乌龙茶和红茶的不同之处在于绿茶的某些化合物含量更高。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“I think most people enjoy rituals. It’s a comforting thing. (我想大多数人都喜欢仪式感。这是一件令人欣慰的事情)”可知，Gunter Kuhnle认为喝绿茶的仪式感能让人感到舒适与慰藉。故选A项。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段“green tea can impact the brain in three ways: reduce anxiety; focus attention; and improve brain function, especially memory (绿茶可以从三个方面影响大脑：减少焦虑；集中注意力；改善大脑功能，特别是记忆)”以及倒数第二段“Tea also has some benefits for our physical health — it’s linked to a longer life, could reduce some risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as heart attack and stroke, and may also have a weight-losing effect. (茶对我们的身体健康也有一些好处——它可以延长寿命，可以减少心血管疾病的一些危险因素，例如心脏病发作和中风等疾病，也可能有减肥作用)”可推知，本文主要介绍了喝茶对人体多个方面的好处。B项“为什么喝茶可能有帮助”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B项。
At first, I didn’t recognize the symptoms that we all had in common. Friends mentioned that they were having trouble concentrating. It wasn’t burnout — we still had energy. It wasn’t depression — we didn’t feel hopeless. We just felt somewhat joyless and aimless.
It turns out there’s a name for that: languishing.
Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. It feels as if you’re muddling (应付) through your days, looking at your life through a foggy windshield (挡风玻璃).
In psychology, we think about mental health on a spectrum (范围) from depression to flourishing (精力旺盛). Flourishing is the peak of well-being. Depression is the valley of ill-being. Languishing is the neglected middle child of mental health. It’s the emptiness between depression and flourishing — the absence of well-being. You’re not functioning at full capacity. Languishing dulls your motivation, disrupts your ability to focus, and greatly increases the possibility that you’ll cut back on work.
Part of the danger is that when you’re languishing, you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive. You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. When you can’t see your own suffering, you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself.
So what can we do about it? People who became more focused on their work managed to avoid languishing. Interrupted attention is an enemy of engagement and excellence. To go beyond languishing, give yourself some uninterrupted time. It clears out constant distractions (分心) and gives us the freedom to focus. And try starting with small wins by focusing on a challenge that matters to you – an interesting project, a worthwhile goal, or a meaningful conversation.
We still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. It could help to defog our vision, giving us a clearer window into what had been an unclear experience. It could remind us that we weren’t alone: languishing is common and shared.
By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness.
24．Which definition best suits the word “languishing”?
A．Feeling exhausted and without hope.
B．Becoming weaker or failing to improve.
C．Making someone want to achieve something.
D．Going beyond the usual limits of something.
25．Which of the following can be described as languishing?
A．Seeking help when you are suffering.
B．Realizing that you are not alone in despair.
C．Giving yourself some uninterrupted time.
D．Being indifferent to your lack of enthusiasm.
26．What could psychologists do to help solve the problems of languishing?
A．Give people more freedom.
B．See it as depression.
C．Name it clearly.
D．Remove it from a spectrum.
27．Why is it significant to know languishing is common and shared?
A．We can let the silent despair speak up and find a way out.
B．We can continue to learn more about languishing.
C．We can see it as basically the same as depression.
D．We can study it as the complete opposite of flourishing.
【答案】24．B25．D26．C27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种萎靡不振的精神状态——“languishing”，以及可以做些什么去改变这种精神状态。
24．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. (Languishing是一种无所作为和空虚的感觉)”以及第五段“you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive (你可能没有注意到愉悦感的减弱或干劲的减少)”和“you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself (你不寻求帮助，甚至不做很多事来帮助自己)”可推知，B项“变弱或不上进”最适合定义“languishing”。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。通过文章第五段“You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. (你不会发现自己慢慢陷入孤独；你对自己的冷漠毫不关心)”可推知，对自己缺乏热情，漠不关心就可以被描述为“languishing”。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段“We still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. (我们仍有很多东西需要了解，是什么导致了“languishing”以及如何治愈它，但为它命名可能是第一步)”可知，心理学家可以清楚地将“languishing”命名来帮助解决问题。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness. (通过了解我们中的许多人都患有“languishing”，我们就能开始说出内心的平静的绝望，照亮并走出空虚的道路)”可知，知道痛苦是普遍的和共同的是重要的，就可以将沉默的绝望大声说出来，并找到出路。故选A项。
A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?
If you answered 10 cents, you’re not alone – most people give the same answer (the correct answer is 5 cents). It’s an example of how we often rely on intuitive(直觉的)responses – answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time “reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.”
The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake(假的)news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. But “the trick with fake news is to know to verify” --- in other words, to stop and question what you know. In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain. They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was. They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain. Most volunteers rated themselves 1 out of 7, meaning they did not understand the concept.
The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery. This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works. When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of 2. The scientists’ confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.
According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion(传染病). This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics. “If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is dishonest,” Sloman says, “then you’re going to start thinking that you understand, too.”
Another explanation for the spread of fake news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Wyatz, an American management professor, “we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.”
So, in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is important, especially in online communities. “We should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.”
28．Why does the author use the example of the bat and ball question?
A．To warn that people often ignore skills that they learned.
B．To show that there are various answers to a question.
C．To illustrate that people tend to rush to a conclusion.
D．To arouse people’s interest in playing guessing games.
29．In paragraph 3, what does the underlined word “verify” mean?
A．To make sure something is true.
B．To think about something for a long time.
C．To express an opinion about something.
D．To follow your intuitive response.
30．When do more volunteers claim to understand helium rain?
A．When some of the volunteers explained it to them.
B．When Sloman and his colleagues showed them how it works.
C．When they have more confidence in themselves.
D．When they believed that scientists understood it.
31．Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”?
A．You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively.
B．You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story.
C．You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media.
D．You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so.
【答案】28．C29．A30．D31．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文通过实例和研究告诉我们，人们很容易被假新闻所误导，人们关注消息时应该核查其真伪性，这是很重要的。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s an example of how we often rely on intuitive（直觉的）responses – answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time “reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.””（这是一个我们如何经常依赖直觉反应的例子——我们认为答案是真实的。史蒂文·斯洛曼说，人们给出的答案“会突然进入他们的脑海”。我们不会花太多时间“反思和检查答案是否正确”）由此判断出，为什么作者用球拍和球的例子是来说明人们倾向于匆忙下结论。故选C项。
29．词句猜测题。根据第三段“in other words, to stop and question what you know.”（换句话说，停止并质疑你所知道的一切）由此可知，识别假新闻的诀窍是知道如何验证。故划线词的意思是“确定某事是真的”。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works. When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of 2. The scientists’ confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.”（这一次，他们说科学家们可以完全解释它是如何工作的。当被要求对他们的理解程度打分时，志愿者给出了平均2分的答案。科学家的自信让志愿者们对自己的理解有了更多的认识，Sloman说）可知，当他们相信科学家能理解的时候，更多的志愿者声称了解氦雨。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.”（我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情）由此判断出A选项“你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选A项。
Atticus was sitting in the swing, and Mr. Tate was in a chair next to him. The light from the living-room windows was strong on them.
“Well, Heck,” Atticus was saying, “Of course it was clear-cut self defense, but it’ll come before county court.”
“Mr. Finch, do you think Jem killed Bob Ewell? Do you think that?”
“You heard what Scout said, there’s no doubt about it. She said Jem got up and yanked him off her — he probably got hold of Ewell’s knife somehow in the dark… we’ll find out tomorrow.”
“Mr. Finch, hold on.” said Mr. Tate. “Jem never stabbed Bob Ewell.”
Atticus was silent for a moment. He looked at Mr. Tate as if he appreciated what he said. But Atticus shook his head.
“Heck, thank you from the bottom of my heart, but I don’t want my boy starting out with something like this over his head. Best way to clear the air is to have it all out in the open.”
“Mr. Finch,” Mr. Tate said, “Bob Ewell fell on his knife. He killed himself.”
“Heck,” Atticus’s back was turned. “If this thing’s hushed up (掩盖) it’ll be a simple denial to Jem of the way I’ve tried to raise him. Before Jem looks at anyone else he looks at me, and I’ve tried to live so I can look squarely back at him… if I allow this to happen, I couldn’t meet his eyes, and the day I can’t do that I’ll know I’ve lost him. I don’t want to lose him and Scout, because they’re all I’ve got.”
“Mr. Finch.” Mr. Tate was still planted to the floorboards. “Bob Ewell fell on his knife. I can prove it.”
Atticus wheeled around. His hands dug into his pockets. “Heck, can’t you even try to see it my way? When my children are grown I’ll be an old man if I’m still around, but right now I’m —— if they don’t trust me they won’t trust anybody. Jem and Scout know what happened. If they hear of me saying downtown something different happened — Heck, I won’t have them any more. I can’t live one way in town and another way in my home.”
Mr. Tate said patiently, “Bob Ewell fell on his knife. — Look, I can show you.”
32．Which of the following most probably happened before this part of the story?
A．Jem attacked Bob Ewell.
B．Bob Ewell attacked Jem.
C．Bob Ewell was killed by Jem.
D．Jem was killed by Bob Ewell.
33．Why does Atticus want it to come before county court?
A．He believed Bob Ewell had killed himself.
B．He wanted to hide the actual fact.
C．He wanted the judge to make the decision.
D．He wanted the public to know the truth.
34．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 9 refer to?
A．Jem’s looking at Atticus before he looked at others.
B．Atticus Finch’s looking squarely back at Jem.
C．Scout’s account of what Jem had done.
D．Hushing up the fact that Jem had killed Bob Ewell.
35．Which of the following best describes Atticus Finch as a father?
A．Shallow. B．Shy. C．Principled. D．Untrustworthy.
【答案】32．B33．D34．D35．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Atticus的儿子Jem杀了Bob Ewell，他坚信儿子是出于自卫，将案件提交到了县法院的故事。
32．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Of course it was clear-cut self defense (当然，这是明确的自卫)”以及第四段“She said Jem got up and yanked him off her — he probably got hold of Ewell’s knife somehow in the dark (她说Jem站起来把他从她身上拽了下来——他可能在黑暗中不知何故抓住了Ewell的刀)”可推知，可能是Ewell持刀想要伤害Jem，Jem才进行了自卫。故选B项。
33．推理判断题。通过文章第七段“Best way to clear the air is to have it all out in the open. (消除误会的最好办法是把一切都说出来)”以及第九段“If this thing’s hushed up it’ll be a simple denial to Jem of the way I’ve tried to raise him. (如果这件事被掩盖起来，那就等于对Jem否认我抚养他的方式)”可推知，Atticus将案件提交到县法院是想让公众知道真相。故选D项。
34．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Before Jem looks at anyone else he looks at me (在Jem看别人之前，他先看我)”以及下文“I couldn’t meet his eyes, and the day I can’t do that I’ll know I’ve lost him (我不敢正视他的眼睛，当我不能正视他的时候，我就知道我失去了他)”可推知，Atticus是Jem的人生榜样，此处指如果Atticus掩盖了Jem杀死Bob Ewell的事实，他将无颜面对Jem。所以画线词“this”指代的是Jem杀死Bob Ewell的事实。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章第九段“if I allow this to happen, I couldn’t meet his eyes (如果我允许这种情况发生，我就无法直视他的眼睛)”以及倒数第二段“I can’t live one way in town and another way in my home. (我不能在城里一种生活方式，在家里一种生活方式)”可推知，Atticus是一个公私分明，有原则的人。故选C项。
阅读【辽宁省名校联盟2021-2022学年高三9月联合考试】
The World's Coolest Bookstores
Where did you buy your last book? Chances are that you bought it on the Internet. But if you did, you missed the extraordinary experience of browsing in a real bookstore. These days bookstores offer lots of great books and plenty more.
Taipei's Eslite Dunnan Store
Time magazine once named Eslite Dunnan Store in Taipei "Asia's best bookstore ". One visit to the store tells you why. The store, spreading across five floors, offers a combination of restaurants, music and over 200,000 books. With its cosy reading spots, visitors sometimes say it's like a library. Others have called it the " 7-Eleven of bookstores" because it's open 24 hours a day.
Book Garden
The world's biggest bookstore is Tehran, Iran's Book Garden with 700,000 square feet of space. In addition to restaurants and a theater, the Book Garden features a park on the roof.
Libreria Acqua Alta
Venice, Italy, is a city surrounded by water. It seems that one of its most interesting bookstores is Libreria Acqua Alta. Its books are displayed in all things related to water such as boats, bathtubs and more.
La Caverne aux Livres
La Caverne aux Livres—the cave of books—was once a train. Today this unique French bookstore, located north of Paris, is home to thousands of second-hand books.
Bart's Books
Many readers like to sit inside with a good book. But at Bart's Books in California, guests can enjoy a good book and some fresh air. Bart's Books is believed to be the largest independently-owned outdoor bookstore in the US.
Whether you enjoy reading inside or outside, there's always an interesting bookstore to be discovered.
1．What is special about Taipei's Eslite Dunnan Store?
A．You can visit this bookstore at any time of the day.
B．You can take books from this store free of charge.
C．There are places where you can enjoy your meal.
D．It is characterized by a park directly on its roof.
2．What will you probably do in La Caverne aux Livres?
A．Admire landmarks of Paris in the distance.
B．Search for some information about trains.
C．Enjoy a good book and outdoor scenery.
D．Browse a huge number of used books.
3．What is the writer's purpose in writing the text?
A．To urge people to read books inside and outside.
B．To encourage people to go to the real bookstores.
C．To inspire booksellers to open creative bookstores.
D．To appeal to booksellers to pay attention to this list.
【答案】1．A2．D3．B
【解析】本文是应用文，短文介绍了世界上最好的几家书店。
1．细节理解题。根据Taipei's Eslite Dunnan Store 中最后一句“ Others have called it the "7-Eleven of bookstores" because it's open 24 hours a day”有人把它称为“书店中的7- 11”，因为它是24小时营业的。可知，台北诚品书店特别之处在于它24小时营业，也就是说你可以在一天中的任何时候参观这家书店。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据La Caverne aux Livres中最后一句“ Today this unique French bookstore, located north of Paris, is home to thousands of second-hand books”如今，这家位于巴黎北部的独特的法国书店是成千上万本二手书的家园。可知，在法国的La Caverne aux Livres书店，你可以浏览大量的二手书。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“ But if you did, you missed the extraordinary experience of browsing in a real bookstore. These days bookstores offer lots of great books and plenty more.”但如果你这样做了，你就错过了在真正的书店里浏览的非凡体验。现在的书店有很多好书，甚至更多。和最后一段“Whether you enjoy reading inside or outside, there's always an interesting bookstore to be discovered.”无论你喜欢室内还是室外阅读，总有一家有趣的书店等着你去发现。可知，作者通过这篇文章的描述来鼓励人们去真正的书店，享受读书的乐趣。故选B项。
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken their sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and Philosopher, is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinate by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
4．To become a specialist, you may have to ______.
A．narrow your range of knowledge
B．get pushed by the surroundings
C．know a lot more about society
D．be devoted to a special job
5．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ______.
A．is a pure specialist in medicine
B．is gifted in poetry and philosophy
C．is fully aware of his talent and ability
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
6．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Chinese culture is appealing to people worldwide.
B．One passion alone is not enough to ensure success.
C．In-depth exploration can make discoveries possible.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
7．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Turn a Generalist Into a Specialist
B．Be More of a Generalist Than a Specialist
C．Ways to Become a Generalist
D．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
【答案】4．A5．D6．D7．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作为专家需要具备的知识及作为一个多面手需要具备的东西，并对两者进行了比较与讨论，建议做一个多面手。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.”（社会促使我们专攻，成为专家。这需要致力于某一特定的职业、学科或研究。成为专家的缺点是，我们常常对越来越少的东西了解得越来越多。）可知，专家需要致力于某一特定的职业、学科或研究，所以要想成为专家，就必须缩小自己的知识面。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.”（一个既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给他的病人比良好的医疗技术更多的东西。）可知，作者认为一位优秀的医生不仅仅是纯粹的医生，他在诗歌和哲学上所知的东西也会运用到工作中去，给予病人超越医术的东西，会将其他领域的知识带到工作中去。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Toni”的例子上文内容 “Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.”（事物是相互关联的。让你在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你探索了它们的深度，你会发现它们是联系的。）可知，作者想用托妮的例子来说明表面上不相关的兴趣在某种程度上是相关的。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.(做一个多面手是有道理的，即使你是个专家)”和最后一段“These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. (这些对新世界的扩展通过给我们新的视角来帮助我们。我们开始在我们生活的方方面面，在我们自己和宇宙中，看到事物之间的相互联系。拓展广博的知识和经验。宇宙完全在你使用的探索和享受中)”及结合全文理解可知，本文主要讲述做一个多面手，而不是专家，这更能让我们生活得充实，因此推断B项“做一个多面手，而不是专家”符合文章主旨大意。故选B项。
Disturbed by reports of rising domestic violence under coronavirus lockdown, a Polish high school student launched a fake online shop to offer a lifeline to victims trapped in their homes. Her idea won a European Union prize that came with € 10,000（$12,120）.
"I heard about a French initiative（计划）, where people go to the pharmacy（药房）and ask for a special mask that lets the pharmacist know they are a victim of domestic violence, " Krystyna Paszko explained. "I thought it was so brilliant! " In April, she decided to open her shop " Camomiles and Pansies" to sell those cosmetics. When a victim writes asking to buy a cream, a psychologist responds instead of a salesperson and asks how long the "skin problems" have been going on for. If someone places an order and leaves an address, it is actually a code asking for authorities to visit their home.
After Krystyna openly wrote about her plan on her own Facebook page, she was flooded with questions. "I thought it would only be for my friends, but the shares on Facebook were big and it became a hit, " she said. With so much interest, she contacted the Women's Rights Centre, a Polish NGO（Non-Governmental Organization）, asking for assistance. In response it provided psychologists and lawyers to work with the website. Since its launch, more than 350 people have contacted the website. Most of the victims are young, under 40, and about 10% are male. The president of the Women's Rights Centre, Urszula Nowakowska, said she was "very impressed" by Krystyna's project. "There are around 70,000 domestic violence cases annually in Poland, of which 56,000 are treated as family conflicts rather than crimes. "
Krystyna credits her interest in human rights to her role in the scouts（童子军）— she leads a Warsaw scout group and created its Facebook page. After she won the prize, she claimed to put the money to good use and was pleased that a spotlight was being shone on the problem of home abuse.
8．What might have inspired Krystyna with the idea?
A．The advice from a professional psychologist.
B．The urge to win the European Union prize.
C．The French initiative to sell special masks.
D．The decreasing domestic violence cases.
9．How can a victim get help from Krystyna's project?
A．By purchasing a specially-made cream.
B．By going to her shop for skin problems.
C．By visiting her online shop to place orders.
D．By requesting support from psychologists.
10．What can we know about the website from paragraph 3?
A．Young female victims have benefited most from it.
B．Krystyna shared her success stories on the website.
C．It classifies domestic violence as family conflicts.
D．A Polish NGO offered financial assistance to it.
11．Which of the following words best describe Krystyna?
A．Caring and easy-going.
B．Sympathetic and intelligent.
C．Courageous and humorous.
D．Supportive and tolerant.
【答案】8．C9．C10．A11．B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了新冠疫情封锁期间，一位波兰高中生创建虚假在线购物网站以帮助家庭暴力受害者。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“"I heard about a French initiative（计划）, where people go to the pharmacy（药房）and ask for a special mask that lets the pharmacist know they are a victim of domestic violence, " Krystyna Paszko explained. "I thought it was so brilliant! "(“我听说了一个法国计划，人们去药店寻求特殊的口罩，让药剂师知道他们是家庭暴力的受害者”。克里斯蒂娜·帕斯科解释说。“我觉得这太棒了！”)”可推断，克里斯蒂娜的灵感来自于法国的一个销售特殊口罩的计划，故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“When a victim writes asking to buy a cream, a psychologist responds instead of a salesperson and asks how long the "skin problems" have been going on for. If someone places an order and leaves an address, it is actually a code asking for authorities to visit their home.（当受害者写信要求购买乳霜时，由心理学家会而不是销售人员回应，并询问“皮肤问题”已经持续了多久。如果有人下了订单并留下了一个地址，这实际上是一个要求当局访问他们家的代码。）可知，受害者可以假装去网站购物，下单并留下地址，就会得到相关人员的救助。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Since its launch, more than 350 people have contacted the website. Most of the victims are young, under 40, and about 10% are male.（自网站上线以来，已有超过350人联系了该网站。大多数受害者都是40岁以下的年轻人，大约10%是男性。）”可知，通过网站获得帮助的大多是年轻女性，故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“was pleased that a spotlight was being shone on the problem of home abuse.（对家庭暴力问题受到关注感到高兴。）”可推断出Krystyna努力帮助家庭暴力受害者，是富有同情心的“sympathetic”；同时根据最后一段的“she leads a Warsaw scout group and created its Facebook page.（她领导着一个华沙童子军组织，并创建了该组织的Facebook页面。）”可知，她能想带领侦查组并创立网站，说明她很聪明“intelligent”。故选B项。
Could looking through trees be the view to a greener future? Trees replacing the clear glass in your windows is not a work of science fiction. It's happening now.
Forest Products Laboratory researcher Junyong Zhu together with colleagues from the University of Maryland and University of Colorado has developed a transparent wood material that may be the window of tomorrow. Researchers found that transparent wood has the potential to outperform glass currently used in construction in nearly every way.
While glass is the most common material used in window construction, it comes with quite a few bad consequences. Heat easily transfers through glass and amounts to higher energy bills when it escapes during cold weather and pours in when it's warm. Glass production used for construction also comes with a heavy carbon footprint. Manufacturing emissions alone are approximately 25,000 metric tons per year, without considering the heavy footprint of transporting the glass.
The innovation was developed using wood from the balsa tree, which is native to South and Central America. The team treated balsa wood to an oxidizing bath, where the wood is kept in a bleach solution at room temperature to remove the light-absorbing substance from the structure. The wood is then penetrated（注入）with a synthetic polymer called polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）, creating a product that is virtually transparent. So the transparent wood is created, which is far more durable and lighter than glass.
Switching to transparent wood could prove to be cost efficient as well. It is approximately five times more thermally efficient than glass. cutting energy costs. It is made from a sustainable, renewable resource with low carbon emissions.
With all of these potential benefits for consumers, manufacturing and the environment, the case for transparent wood couldn't be clearer.
12．What is the main problem with glass used in window construction?
A．It is inefficient in letting heat out.
B．It does not reflect light and heat.
C．It cause a high ecological cost
D．It is inconvenient to transport.
13．What does the underlined part "a bleach solution" refer to?
A．A liquid to make objects white.
B．A process to solve problems.
C．A container to store liquids.
D．A way to make colors fade.
14．What does paragraph 4 focus on?
A．How to make things transparent
B．How to produce the new material.
C．The benefits of the wood material.
D．The great importance of innovation.
15．What is the author's attitude towards transparent wood?
A．Skeptical. B．Ambiguous.
C．Conservative. D．Appreciative.
【答案】12．C13．A14．B15．D
【解析】本文是说明文，研究发明了一种新型材料，透明的木材被创造出来，它比玻璃更耐用，也更轻。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Heat easily transfers through glass and amounts to higher energy bills when it escapes during cold weather and pours in when it's warm. Glass production used for construction also comes with a heavy carbon footprint. Manufacturing emissions alone are approximately 25,000 metric tons per year without considering the heavy footprint of transporting the glass”热量很容易通过玻璃传递，当它在寒冷的天气中逃逸，在温暖的天气中涌入时，会导致更高的能源账单。用于建筑的玻璃生产也带来了沉重的碳足迹。如果不考虑玻璃运输的沉重足迹，仅制造业每年的排放量就约为25,000公吨。可知，玻璃窗户会产生更高的能源账单，有严重的碳足迹，说明玻璃窗户的主要问题是不利于环境、生态代价高。故选C项。
13．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The team treated balsa wood to an oxidizing bath, where the wood is kept in a bleach solution at room temperature to remove the light-absorbing substance from the structure”研究小组将巴尔沙木材处理到氧化浴中，在室温下将木材保存在漂白剂溶液中，以去除结构上的吸光物质。 研究小组将巴尔沙木材置于a bleach solution 中可知，solution 是一种液体，且能去除结构中的吸光物质。结合常识，白色不吸光，所以巴尔沙木材会变白，可得出a bleach solution 是一种能让物体变白的液体。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。第四段最后一句“So the transparent wood is created, which is far more durable and lighter than glass.” 因此，透明的木材被创造出来，它比玻璃更耐用，也更轻。本句话是对这一段内容的总结：如何生产出这种新型材料。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With all of these potential benefits for consumers, manufacturing and the environment, the case for transparent wood couldn't be clearer” 由于透明木材对消费者、制造业和环境都有潜在的好处，使用透明木材的理由再清楚不过了。可知，作者认为透明木材对消费者、制造业和环境有潜在好处，说明作者对透明木材持欣赏的（Appreciative）态度。故选D项。
阅读【江苏省2022届高三第一次百校联考】
LOVE TO TRAVEL updated a week ago
Almost everyone who loves traveling has a Xiamen dream. It looks as if no travel list is complete without visiting Xiamen, eating satay noodles, spending time in one of the city's various coffee shops, and staying on Gulangyu Island. Xiamen has the prosperity of a metropolis, but also has the quiet and comfortable feature of an ordinary town. The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive. Xiamen is a great destination for family travel, parents, or friends. It is also a good place to travel all year round.
About scenic spots
1. Gulangyu: If you want to tour Xiamen, board Gulangyu. Gulangyu is a beautiful island called the “garden on the sea”，where you can see a block of delicate and unique small houses in the shade of trees, and have the most beautiful mood even at each corner of the street.
2. China's most beautiful university-Xiamen University, small artistic fishing village- Zengcuoan, coastal first line of landscape-a road round the island, all the way to the sea-Zhongshan Road, a popular scenic spot of Jimei Village, the home of the soul-South Putuo,these are the scenic spots on Xiamen Island. There are many web celebrity scenic spots worthy to be visited when touring Xiamen.
3. The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”。
4.Fujian Tulou: The shooting place of the movie Big Fish & Begonia. If you are lucky enough to come to Fujian, you must go and see this building!
About the mode of travel
1.Low Price Package Tours:Local tour groups are really cheap. However, the trip is too tight and tiring, and most of the core scenic spots are not arranged, including a few shopping shops. You will feel you are resold to other travel agencies, and the quality can't be guaranteed.Chances are that you will be cheated. (the last choice is to join in the local tourist group)
2. Free travel: if you play by yourself, you need to plan the hotel, tickets, bus and itinerary in advance. It will take much time, energy and expense is high, and it is easy to be trapped because you are not local. If it is the peak season travel, it is difficult to book the hotel and tickets! And if you do not understand the local language, you are likely to book the hotel at a very high price or the location of the hotel is so remote that traffic is not convenient, as is often the case. Unless you have a lot of time and energy, and are willing to arrange all the agenda, you will waste a lot of time and money engaging in all kinds of queuing, finding the ways, and other troubles.
3.Free family travel: the most recommended, the most cost-effective and the most satisfying way to travel! You can book the air ticket by yourself, contact the Xiamen tourism planner in advance, and let him plan the whole trip. You don't have to worry about it yourself, and it's much cheaper than expected. Accommodation and traffic are not only well arranged, quality is guaranteed, but also you will get the most satisfactory service with the least money.
Points for attention on Xiamen trip
1.You'd better bring sunscreen cream, sunglasses and so on just in case. If you won't get sunburnt or suntan, sunscreen must be done.
2. Ship tickets to Gulangyu and the hotel must be booked in advance, or you can turn to Xiamen tourism planner to book them in advance.
3.Do not trust the roadside solicitor! It is easy for you to be trapped with no local guides. If there is anything you do not understand, consult Xiamen local tourism planners.
21．What makes Xiamen different from other tourist cities according to the passage?
A．Its unique scenic spots and landscape.
B．Its famous university and Buddist culture.
C．Its warm weather and artistic temperament.
D．Its convenient traffic and low cost.
22．Which of the following is true according the passage?
A．Free travel is the best choice to tour Xiamen because you have the most freedom.
B．Yunshuiyao is a town which is named after the TV series.
C．The people of Xiamen are very cunning because you will go into a pit if careless.
D．There is bright sunshine in Xiamen all year round because it has a spring-like weather.
23．Where can the passage be from?
A．A travel magazine.
B．Ads from a newspaper.
C．A travel brochure.
D．Blogs on the web.
【答案】21．C22．B23．D
【解析】本文是一篇广告，主要讲的是厦门的旅游景点和去厦门可采取的旅行方式。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive”（四季如春的气候，小而清新的空气，使这座城市与众不同）可知，厦门四季如春的气候和小清新的空气使它与众不同，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据景点部分的第三点“The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”（这座充满诗意的景观小镇位于厦门周边，已有100多年的历史。它的名字来源于电视剧《云水谣》）可知，云水谣是一个以电视剧命名的小镇”，B项正确。A项由“free travel”定位到旅行方式的第2点，由此可知容易被骗，订票订宾馆都难等诸多麻烦，自由行并不是最佳选择。C项不能从此文中得出结论，在任何旅游景点，一不小心就会入坑，这不能说明厦门人就是狡猾的。D项全年气候如春，不是全年都有阳光。故选B。
23．推理判断题。由标题后updated a week ago（更新于一周前）可知，博客会经常被更新，因此本文可能来自于网上的博客。故选D。
The human criterion for perfect vision is 20/20 for reading the standard lines on a Snellen eye chart without any problem. The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different sizes from 20 feet away. But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned.
Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped (缺陷）。 The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building. It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones per square millimeter in its retina (视网膜）。 And in water, humans are farsighted, while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish, can see well in both the air and water because it is endowed with two foveae (凹窝）－areas of the eye, consisting mostly of cones, that provide visual distinctions. One fovea permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. Once it hits the water, the other fovea joins in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time. A frog's vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant motion picture. Known as “bug detectors”， a highly developed set of cells in a frog's eyes responds mainly to moving objects. So, it is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn't see them as food and would starve.
The bee has a“compound”eye,which is used for navigation. It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots, or mosaic. With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. A bee's eye also gauges (测量） flight speed. And if that is not enough to leave our 20/20 “perfect vision” paling into insignificance, the bee is capable of seeing something we can't-ultraviolet light. Thus, what humans consider to be “perfect vision” is in fact rather limited when we look at other species.
However, there is still much to be said for the human eye. Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.
24．How is hawk's eyesight better than ours?
A．It can identify small items more quickly than we do.
B．It can see at a longer distance than we do.
C．It has more cones in the retina than any other species.
D．It has bigger eyes than we do.
25．Monocular vision enables the kingfisher to
A．avoid farsightedness
B．be able to see underwater
C．move one eye at a time
D．focus its eyes on the prey
26．A bee finds its direction by
A．dividing what it sees into thousands of dots
B．constantly gauging its flying speed
C．using the sun as a constant point of reference
D．measuring the angle of the sun
27．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The differences between human eyes and other species' eyes.
B．The advantages of other species' eyes in comparison with human eyes.
C．The factors that make other species' eyes better than human eyes.
D．The standard that determines the "perfect vision" of human eyes.
【答案】24．B25．C26．C27．A
【解析】本文是说明文，本文主要通过举例说明人类和其他物种在视力上的不同。
24．细节理解题。由题干中的“hawk”定位到第二段第二句话“The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building. ”例如，这只鹰有一双锐利的眼睛，它栖息在帝国大厦顶上时，可以看到人行道上的一角硬币。由此句可知，鹰从帝国大厦顶部可以看到人行道上的一个硬币，强调远距离，故选B项。
25．细节理解题。由题干中的“monocular vision”定位到第二段第五句和第六句“One fovea permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. ”一个中央凹允许鸟在空中时用一只眼睛一次扫描下面的水。这被称为单眼视觉。所以单眼视觉能够让中央凹一次移动一只眼睛，故选C项。
26．细节理解题。由题干中的“bee”定位到第三段第三、四句“With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. ”在这种视野下，蜜蜂只把太阳看作一个单一的点，一个恒定的参照物。因此，眼睛是一种极好的导航仪器，它不断地测量自己的飞行线与太阳的角度。可知，蜜蜂通过把太阳看成是一个永恒的参照点来找寻方向，故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。由首段最后一句“ But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned.”但就其他物种而言，能够阅读视力表上的底线并不是近乎完美的。可知，人类视力不如其他物种，第二、三段通过 hawk、kingfisher、frog、bee 四个例子来证明以上观点，最后一段“Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.”在所有的哺乳动物中，只有人类和一些灵长类动物能够享受色觉的乐趣。指出人类视力也有优于其他物种的地方。所以本篇文章主要在讲人类和其他物种在视力上的不同。故选A项。
People in their sixties should go to university to retrain because they will be expected to work for longer before retirement, the government has suggested.
Older workers who take courses to keep their skills up to date will be more likely to keep their jobs,claims David Willetts, the higher education minister. Mr. Willetts said the age limit on student loans to cover tuition fees (学费） had been lifted, making a degree course “great value” for older people. This would help them cope with the pressure they would face to keep up to date as they worked well into their sixties, he suggested.
His comments followed a government report which found that the country's future economic success would depend on the skills and contributions of older workers.
Campaigners for the elderly voiced doubts that prospective pensioners would be willing to commit to challenging degree courses and increased levels of debt to continue working. One in four people will be older than 65 by 2033 and economists have warned that the ageing population will place an unsustainable (无法持续的）burden on taxpayers unless more people work for longer. The state pension age is to rise to 67 by 2028. Ministers have warned that they have no idea when younger workers in their thirties will be able to retire.
Mr. Willetts, urged workers older than 60 to give further education serious consideration. “There is certainly a pressure for continuing to get retrained and upskilled,” he said. “Higher education has an economic benefit in that if you stay up to date with knowledge and skills you are more employable. ” “Education is such a good thing it is not reserved for younger people,” he said.“There will be people of all ages who will want to study. There is great value in lifelong learning.”
Under previous rules, students in England were eligible(符合条件的）for a loan to cover tuition fees only if they were younger than 54. Latest figures showed that only 1,940 under-graduates starting courses last year were older than 60, out of a total of 552,240 students in Britain. Some 6,455 were aged between 50 and 60, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency.
28．Why is it "great value" for older people to take a degree course?
A．Because they can get training without paying student loans.
B．Because they can cover the college tuition fees by themselves.
C．Because they are allowed to apply for student loans.
D．Because they face the age limit when applying for the tuition fees.
29．Who will most probably refuse to continue to work through taking a degree course?
A．Elderly workers.
B．Prospective pensioners.
C．Mature taxpayers,
D．Young students.
30．According to Mr. Willetts, what is the advantage of higher education?
A．It allows people at various ages to get good education paying no tuition fees.
B．Younger people have more chances to achieve a higher degree than the old.
C．Older workers can take the opportunity to fulfill their dreams of learning.
D．Up-to-date knowledge and skills can increase people's probability of being hired.
31．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_______.
A．People older than 54 now can't apply for student loans to cover their tuition fees
B．Older people who are willing to get retrained now are becoming fewer and fewer
C．The older people become, the fewer of them will receive higher education
D．Undergraduates older than 50 account for more than 7% of students in Britain
【答案】28．C29．B30．D31．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。英国政府呼吁年逾花甲者回归校园接受培训，以应对老龄化问题。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Mr. Willetts said the age limit on student loans to cover tuition fees (学费） had been lifted, making a degree course “great value” for older people.(威莱茨说，学生贷款支付学费的年龄限制已经取消，这使得学位课程对老年人来说“很有价值”。)”，可知，用于支付学费的助学贷款的申请年龄上限已经取消，老年人学习学位课程“超值”，因为老年人也可以申请学生助学贷款，故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Campaigners for the elderly voiced doubts that prospective pensioners would be willing to commit to challenging degree courses and increased levels of debt to continue working.(为老年人权益奔走呐喊的活动家怀疑那些有可能成为养老金领取者的人是否愿意为了继续工作而学习学位课程，并承担更多的负债。)”可知，有可能成为养老金领取者的人很可能会拒绝继续攻读学位课程。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段的““There is certainly a pressure for continuing to get retrained and upskilled,” he said. “Higher education has an economic benefit in that if you stay up to date with knowledge and skills you are more employable. ” “Education is such a good thing it is not reserved for younger people,” he said.“There will be people of all ages who will want to study. There is great value in lifelong learning.”(“再次接受培训、提高工作技能自然存在压力，”他说。“接受高等教育会产生一定的经济效益，因为如果你不断更新知识与技能，你就更能胜任工作。” 他说，“教育诚可贵，并非只为年轻人提供。任何人不论年龄多大，只要想学都可以。要知道，终生学习受益匪浅。”)可知，Willetts先生希望60岁以上的工作者接受继续教育，虽然继续接受培训和提高职业技能有些压力，但是如果工作者能够在知识和技能方面与时俱进，就会受益匪浅，因此推断也会更可能被雇佣。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Latest figures showed that only 1,940 under-graduates starting courses last year were older than 60, out of a total of 552,240 students in Britain. Some 6,455 were aged between 50 and 60, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency(最新数据显示，在英国总共552,240名学生中去年开课的大学本科生中只有1940人年龄超过60岁。根据高等教育统计署的统计，有约6455人年龄介于50到60岁之间。)”可知，本段阐明60岁以上的大学生有1940人，50岁到60岁之间的大学生有6455人，通过计算可知，两者占学生总数不到2%，由于50岁到60岁之间的大学生有6455人，而60岁以上的大学生只有1940人，由此可以判断，老年人年龄越大，他们之中越少的人会接受高等教育，故选C。
Holly O'Brien didn't know Meagan Hughes, another Korean American nurse working on the same floor-and the same shift-at Doctors Hospital of Sarasota. After O'Brien and Hughes finally met, they did begin to notice parallels' in their lives. They were both certified（持证的） nursing assistants.They were both orphans who had been adopted by American families. And their reasons for ending up at the orphanages (孤儿院） were the same: abandonment.
Suddenly, the coincidences seemed more than merely interesting. +In fact, for years, O'Brien sensed that she'd had a half-sister in Republic of Korea. Though her mother had disappeared when she was an infant and she was only five when her father was killed by a train, she had a memory of her and her father living, briefly, with his second wife and a baby girl. O'Brien was ultimately adopted by a loving couple from Alexandria, Virginia, but her Korean childhood never left her. She remembered one night, when she was about nine years old, she woke up from a dream and screamed, “My daddy died. I have a sister. I need to find her. ” O'Brien's adoptive family contacted the orphanage in Korea for information, but there was no record of a sibling.
Hughes wasn't haunted by lingering memories; instead, she was haunted because she didn't have any. Adopted when she was four by a family in Kingston, New York, she couldn't remember either of her biological parents. “My whole life has been a question in my mind, and emptiness,” she said.
Now the coincidence of meeting O'Brien offered the chance to fill in the blanks. A year ago, the nurses decided to take at-home DNA tests and mailed the samples away to be analyzed. Less than two weeks later, O'Brien got an e-mail. Their DNA matched-they were half-sisters.
“Is this really happening?” said Hughes. O'Brien was shocked but also relieved. “In my heart , I knew," she said "I knew she was out there somewhere." After more than for long decades O'Brien had finally found the missing piece of her pest, working just a few feet away from her.
Today, the sisters wear special necklaces, each with a heart-shaped charm, as a symbol of their bond."She will always be in my heart,"said O'Brien.
32．Which is true about Holly O'Brien and Meagan Hughes according to the passage?
A．They worked on the same floor,during the same period in the same hospital.
B．They ended up in the same orphanage for the same reason.
C．They were adopted by the same American family.
D．They were both qualified nurses.
33．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．O'Brien actually remembered she had had a half-sister in another American family.
B．Their parents were both killed in a traffic accident
C．O'Brien was haunted by lingering memories but Hughes wasn't.
D．O'Brien's adoptive family treated her in earnest.
34．Which of the following is the best to replace the underlined word“lingering”？
A．existing
B．never fading be
C．refreshing
D．earliest
35．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Half-sisters
B．Special necklaces
C．Two orphans
D．Tight bonds
【答案】32．A33．D34．B35．A
【解析】本文是记叙文，短文 叙述了两个被遗弃的姐妹Holly O'Brien 和Meagan Hughes再次重逢的故事。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Holly O'Brien didn't know Meagan Hughes, another Korean American nurse working on the same floor-and the same shift-at Doctors Hospital of Sarasota. ”霍莉·奥布莱恩不认识梅根·休斯，她是萨拉索塔医生医院的另一名韩裔美国护士，和她在同一层楼，同班工作。可知， 霍莉·奥布莱恩和梅根·休斯在同一楼层，同一时期在同一家医院工作。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“O'Brien's adoptive family contacted the orphanage in Korea for information, but there was no record of a sibling.”奥布莱恩的收养家庭联系了韩国的孤儿院，但没有兄弟姐妹的记录。可知，奥布莱恩的收养家庭对她很好。故选D项。
34．词义猜测题。由第二段最后两句“but her Korean childhood never left her. She remembered one night, when she was about nine years old, she woke up from a dream and screamed, “My daddy died. I have a sister. ”（但她的韩国童年从未离开过她。她记得有一天晚上，当她大约九岁的时候，她从梦中醒来，尖叫道：“我爸爸死了，我有一个妹妹。）以及划线词后的句子“instead, she was haunted because she didn't have any.”（困扰她的是，她什么也不记得）可知，Hughes被没有像O'Brien的记忆那样萦绕不去，她什么也不记得了。由此可知，划线词的意思是“ 永不褪去”的意思。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕两姐妹的经历展开，根据第四段“Their DNA matched-they were half-sisters.”，她们的DNA匹配——她们是姐妹。所以短文的最佳标题为“姐妹”。故选A项。
阅读【山东省师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期开学考试】
Have you ever had trouble choosing suitable books for your children? Here we introduce three books that will make your children look forward to bedtime.
Alone
One day, Maddie decides to stay at her grandparents’ empty apartment alone without telling her parents. However, an unexpected middle-of-the-night evacuation (撤离) leaves her completely alone in Colorado town, without power or any way to communicate with her loved ones. With only the neighbor’s dog by her side, Maddie spends the next three years fighting against bad weather, hunger, wild dogs and loneliness. (Ages 10-up)
Time for Kenny
It describes a day in a kid’s life. Painted in the artist’s characteristically loose, rounded line, brown-skinned Kenny is first seen playing thoughtfully with a large toy bus. “It’s time for Kenny to get dressed for the day,” the narrator announces. Can Kenny wear his father’s shirt or his mother’s shoes? No. His parents smile as he tries them on, and admire him once he’s properly dresses. Such a small, everyday event conveys that Kenny is an innocent child cherished by his family. (Ages 4-up)
The Animal Rescue Agency #1: Case File: Little Claws
In the story, Esquire, a fox, and Mr. Pepper, an elderly rooster, set out to save Little Claws，a young polar bear. Because a villainous (邪恶的) fur-wearing animal dealer planned to sell the baby bear to a Florida zoo. Living up to their motto — “To each animal, it has the right to live its natural life”, the team prevented the dealer’s plan and took the risk of setting all the Arctic animals in a house free. It provides a light-hearted read with environmental conservation at its core. (Ages 8-12)
1．What has Maddie struggled with in the Colorado town for three years?
A．Caring for her dog.
B．Surviving on her own.
C．Hiding from her parents.
D．Rescuing people in need.
2．What kind of kid is Kenny?
A．He is the apple of his family’s eye.
B．He is a child with many ideas.
C．He has a good sense of humor.
D．He often upsets his parents.
3．Which of the following can best describe Esquire and Mr. Pepper?
A．Funny and clever.
B．Honest and sincere.
C．Kind and courageous.
D．Confident and cautious.
【答案】1．B2．A3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三本适合儿童睡前阅读的书籍。
1．细节理解题。根据Alone中“With only the neighbor’s dog by her side, Maddie spends the next three years fighting against bad weather, hunger, wild dogs and loneliness.( 在邻居的狗的陪伴下，Maddie在接下来的三年里与恶劣天气、饥饿、野狗和孤独作斗争。)”可知，Maddie在科罗拉多镇挣扎着独自生存了三年。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Time for Kenny中最后一句“Such a small, everyday event conveys that Kenny is an innocent child cherished by his family.( 这样一个小小的日常事件表明Kenny是一个被家人珍视的天真的孩子。)”可知，Kenny是全家的掌上明珠。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the story, Esquire, a fox, and Mr. Pepper, an elderly rooster, set out to save Little Claws，a young polar bear.( 故事中，狐狸Esquire和老公鸡Pepper先生出发去救小北极熊Little Claws。”可知，因为狐狸Esquire和老公鸡Pepper先生出发去救小北极熊Little Claws，所以狐狸Esquire和老公鸡Pepper善良；再结合“the team prevented the dealer’s plan and took the risk of setting all the Arctic animals in a house free. (该小组阻止了经销商的计划，冒着风险把所有被关在放在一间房子里北极动物释放。)”可知，狐狸Esquire和老公鸡Pepper先生冒险救了被关北极动物，所以它们是勇敢的；由此可知，狐狸Esquire和老公鸡Pepper先生既善良又勇敢。故选C。
I had just delivered a memorable speech, and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt the drum rolled in my heart.
The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner, still not me. At last, the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter.
Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.
I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but again I did not place.
I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.
4．How did the author feel after finishing his speech?
A．Delighted. B．Annoyed. C．Thrilled. D．Nervous.
5．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．He was regretful about his not being fully prepared.
B．He felt upset for getting up early on a chilly morning.
C．He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old.
D．He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest.
6．Why did the author decide to enter the second contest?
A．He was eager to prove himself to be the best contestant.
B．He was inspired by the never-give-up spirit of Lincoln.
C．He was willing to enjoy the warmth and joy of victory.
D．He was determined to win the prize money and praise.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A memorable hero in my life B．Never mind others’ judgments
C．Losing is an indescribable feeling D．Stand up from where we tripped over
【答案】4．D5．D6．B7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加演讲比赛失败了，但在林肯的鼓舞下，决定参加第二届比赛，虽然还是没有得到好的名次，但是通过学习关于林肯的故事，作者发现自己可以成功地失败。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I felt the drum rolled in my heart.(我感到心里在打鼓)”可知，作者结束演讲后感觉紧张。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group.(然而，这是一种难以形容的感觉，开了200英里的往返路程，在一个寒冷的周六早晨起得很早，但仍然在四名参赛者中名列第四)”可推知，结果他是他组的最后一名。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest!(林肯失败过很多次，但他从不让失败打败他的精神和雄心，所以我不会放弃第二次比赛！)”可知，作者决定参加第二届比赛是因为他被林肯永不放弃的精神所鼓舞。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.(我无法接受在我如此努力的事情上失败了两次的事实，直到我想到了我的英雄。尽管失去了奖金和赞扬，但通过学习关于林肯的故事，我发现我可以成功地失败)”结合文章主要讲述了作者参加演讲比赛失败了，但在林肯的鼓舞下，决定参加第二届比赛，虽然还是没有得到好的名次，但是通过学习关于林肯的故事，作者发现自己可以成功地失败。可知，D选项“从我们绊倒的地方站起来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
In November 2020, US climber Emily Harrington, 34, took on EI Captain—a 3,000 foot (917 meters) rock formation (岩层) in Yosemite National Park, US. She accomplished her feat (壮举) within a day and became the first woman to free-climb the Golden Gate route.
It used to take weeks for rock climbers to reach the top of EI Captain, even with the help of a partner and climbing aids. In recent years, only three people—all me—had free-climbed the Golden Gate route on EI Captain in under 24 hours, according to CNN.
The number of female climbers has been rising in recent years. Even in the pandemic, many of them have made great achievements and pushed human limits. “I had never expected to earn my place to a Yosemite climber. But throughout this experience I have learned that there is no formula to achievement up there,” she said.
The rising number of female climbing enthusiasts should come as no surprise. According to the website Climbing.com, “Climbing is one of the few sports where it’s possible to level the playing field. Women’s superior strength-to-weight ratio (比例）helps offset (弥补) anything we may lack in power or reach, bridging the gap between the sexes.”
Legendary Austrian climber Angela Eiter is another strong female figure in the climbing world. In 2020 Eiter made news as she climbed the unknown face she calls Madame Ching in her home country.
According to New York Post, the route was free of traces. That means Eiter had to search for the holds and predict how the moves were going to play out by herself. Worse still, the rock there is really fragile and some holds had to be fixed with glue. But after intensive indoor training to visualize the route and build up the strength, Eiter, who stands 154cm high and weighs 46kg, made it.
“I am not the strongest woman and I am very small, and I am happy that I can show other women that they can also do it,” she told the reporter.
8．What did Emily Harrington accomplish?
A．She reached the top of EI Captain in less than a day.
B．She free-climbed the Golden Gate route within weeks.
C．She was the first person to take on EI Captain successfully.
D．She free-climbed the Golden Gate route without climbing aids.
9．What does the underlined phrase “level the playing field” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Give a sense of belonging.
B．Give someone an advantage.
C．Make a situation more balanced.
D．Allow someone to prove themselves.
10．What difficulty did Angela Eiter meet with when climbing Madame Ching?
A．There were no holds to use.
B．There were no beaten path to follow.
C．There was a lack of necessities like glue.
D．Her prediction about the route was wrong.
11．What can we learn from Harrington and Eiter?
A．Always battle others.
B．Find where you belong.
C．Work hard to be a role model.
D．Be brave and pursue your goal.
【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了杰出的女性攀岩者艾米丽·哈林顿成功攀爬3000英尺岩层，创造纪录的故事，并借此引申报道了女性近年来在攀岩运动中的亮眼成就。
8．细节理解题。根据文章首段的介绍“In November 2020, US climber Emily Harrington, 34, took on El Capitan--a 3000 foot(917 meters) rock formation(岩层) in Yosemite National Park, US. She accomplished her feat(壮举) within a day and became the first woman to free-climb the Golden Gate route（2020年11月，34岁的美国攀岩者艾米丽·哈林顿登顶了酋长巨石——美国约塞米蒂国家公园的一个3000英尺高，约合917米的岩层。她在一天之内完成了这一壮举并成为第一个徒手攀爬金门路线的女性徒手攀岩者）”可知，她在一天之内就登顶了酋长巨石，A选项符合原文，故选择A项。
9．词义猜测题。根据下文“Women’s superior strength-to-weight ratio (比例）helps offset (弥补) anything we may lack in power or reach, bridging the gap between the sexes（女性优越的力量与体重比有助于抵消我们身体力量上的不足，弥合了两性之间的差别）”结合句中的offset (弥补)及bridging可知，上文表达的是，攀岩这项活动是少数能够让男女公平竞争的运动之一，A. Give a sense of belonging.感觉到归属感；B. Give someone an advantage.给某人一个优势；C. Make a situation more balanced.使情况能够平衡；D. Allow someone to prove themselves.让某人能证明自己。C项“Make a situation more balanced.使情况能够平衡”与“level the playing field创造公平竞争的环境”意思相近，故选择C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段首句中“According to New York Post, the route was free of traces. That means Eiter had to search for the holds and predict how the moves were going to play out by herself . （根据纽约邮报报道，这一路上没有前人探索出来的路径。也就是意味了Eiter必须自己寻找支撑点，并预测这些行动将如何进行）”可知， Eiter面临的困难是无迹可寻。故选择B项。
11．推理判断题。本题要求得出我们可以从这两位主人公身上学到什么，实质上是要求判断两位主人公的品质。纵观全文，Harrington和Eiter的身份都是female climbers（女性攀岩者），且文中使用了great（伟大的）和legendary（传奇的）等词进行修饰，攀岩运动是一项极限运动，作为杰出的现代女性，对其发起挑战，这体现了她们的勇敢（brave）；同时，文中分别讲述了她们经过长时间的练习和准备，对高难度岩层发起挑战，并取得成功的故事，且全文最后一句“Women have decided to follow their hearts.”（女性决定依心而行），表明她们会追逐心中的目标（pursue your goal），综上，故选择D项。
AI, 5G, cloud computing and other digital technologies are not only changing our lives but shaping the economy as well.
China’s six major commercial banks are stepping up digital wallet efforts to provide new drive for the e-CNY (数字人民币) trials in the country, as reported by Shanghai Securities News on March 23.
“The functions and properties of the-CNY are exactly the same as those of the paper currency, except that the form is digital,” said Mu Changchun, head of the People’s Bank of China’s Digital Currency Research Institute.
Many people are puzzled by e-CNY and electronic payments. “Digital currency has the characteristics of both paper money and electronic payment,” said Wu Qianhong, a professor at the School Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University. “In theory, digital currency can replace paper money, Alipay and WeChat payments.”
Compared with Alipay and WeChat payments, e-CNY features anonymity (匿名性) and security. E-commerce platforms that accept payments via e-CNY will not have access to user’s personal information. E-CNY users can open an anonymous digital wallet by registering a mobile phone number, and telecom operators cannot disclose (泄露) customer information to the central bank or any third-party institutions. Mu noted that e-CNY user’s privacy protection is at the highest level among all the existing payment tools.
Similar to Alipay and WeChat payments, using e-CNY requires an account. After obtaining the other party’s account number, users can enter the amount of digital money to transfer (转钱) and then enter the payment password to complete the transaction (交易). However, the process behind these transfers are different. For electronic payments, the transfer has to go through a third party, and the receivers will get the transferred money only when they withdraw money from banks. But e-CNY transfers only need a payer and a receiver to complete a transaction. Therefore, it guarantees risk-free payments, according to Wu.
In simple terms, e-CNY can be considered “money”, while electronic payments are like “wallets”.
12．What can we know about e-CNY?
A．It is issued by six major commercial banks.
B．It combines paper money and electronic payment.
C．It is designed to replace Alipay and WeChat payments.
D．It has exactly the same function as other payment tools.
13．How does e-CNY protect user’s privacy?
A．By limiting access to personal information.
B．By storing personal data in the central bank.
C．By opening a unique digital wallet for each user.
D．By linking telecom operators to a mobile phone number.
14．What can be concluded from Paragraph 6?
A．E-NCY transfers require to go through a third party.
B．E-NCY is more convenient than other electronic payments.
C．E-NCY can be transferred without the receiver’s information.
D．E-NCY and electronic payments ensure security in the same way.
15．What’s the main purpose of the text?
A．To promote the use of e-NCY.
B．To inform readers of digital RMB．
C．To compare different types of payments.
D．To describe the impact of digital technologies.
【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人工智能、5G、云计算和其他数字技术不仅在改变我们的生活，也在塑造经济。由此讲述了e-CNY（数字人民币）的功能，性质和特点等。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many people are puzzled by e-CNY and electronic payments. “Digital currency has the characteristics of both paper money and electronic payment,” said Wu Qianhong, a professor at the School Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University. “In theory, digital currency can replace paper money, Alipay and WeChat payments.（很多人对e-CNY和电子支付感到困惑。北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院教授吴倩红表示：“数字货币兼具纸币和电子支付的特点。”“从理论上讲，数字货币可以取代纸币、支付宝和微信支付。”）”由此可知 e-CNY结合了纸币和电子支付。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段“Compared with Alipay and WeChat payments, e-CNY features anonymity (匿名性) and security. E-commerce platforms that accept payments via e-CNY will not have access to user’s personal information. （与支付宝和微信支付相比，e-CNY具有匿名性和安全性。接受e-CNY支付的电子商务平台不会获取用户的个人信息）”由此可知通过限制获取用户的个人信息来保护e-CNY使用者的隐私，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段“For electronic payments, the transfer has to go through a third party, and the receivers will get the transferred money only when they withdraw money from banks. But e-CNY transfers only need a payer and a receiver to complete a transaction. Therefore, it guarantees risk-free payments, according to Wu.（如果采用电子支付方式，则需要通过第三方进行转账，接收者从银行取钱时才能得到转账的资金。但是e-CNY转账只需要一个支付者和一个接收者来完成交易。因此，它保证了无风险支付。）”这样，e-CNY要比其他支付方式方便并且无风险。由此可推断，e-CNY比其他电子支付方式更方便，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“China’s six major commercial banks are stepping up digital wallet efforts to provide new drive for the e-CNY (数字人民币) trials in the country, as reported by Shanghai Securities News on March 23. （据《上海证券报》3月23日报道，我国六大商业银行正在加大电子钱包的力度，为国内试点人民币提供新的动力。）”以及下文对e-CNY (数字人民币)功能、性质和特点等的介绍，可知本篇文章目的就是要告诉读者关于e-CNY (数字人民币)的相关信息，故选B。
阅读【江苏省如皋市2021-2022学年高三上学期期初调研】
Things to Do in London This Weekend
Now, some of the most cherished London venues have opened their doors again. Take a look at our lists of exactly what is opening up in London.
Columbia Road Flower Market
The Columbia Road Flower Market is reopening this weekend, but it will be quite different. Stands will be spread out. Nearby roads will be closed and there will be a limit on the number of people who can enter the market. The statement is also calling on locals to support the market but advises people not to visit frequently in order to avoid overcrowding.
Lambeth Country Show
The festival of countryside won' t be held in its usual home of Brock well Park this year. However, it is being taken online instead. All your favourite aspects of the fair will be part of the virtual edition this weekend, including the highly popular Vegetable Sculpture Competition and other usual lower show competitions, local-themed talks, craft market and virtual music performances.
Walthamstow Garden Party
The free two-day festival in E17 is going online this year. Over the weekend you can tune in to music and take part in online workshops from crafting to Tai Chi. Don't miss the highlight of the weekend: East London Radio' s first-ever live show taking place across the weekend with behind-the-scenes chats with local artists, live music from St Mary's Church and much more.
Brixton Courtyard
A new beer garden is opening in Brixton with D sets, wine tastings and more in a safe environment. South London music venue Brixton Jamm has improved its outdoor space with spaced-out booths and picnic benches.
21．What measure will be taken in Columbia Road Flower Market?
A．Canceling the stands
B．Forbidding travelers to visit.
C．Limiting the customer number.
D．Checking the temperature of travelers.
22．What are Lambeth Country Show and the festival in E17 in common?
A．Both are held online. B．Both last for two days.
C．Both include competitions. D．Both present virtual music.
23．Which of the following will you recommend if someone wants to have a drink?
A．Columbia Road Flower Market. B．Lambeth Country Show.
C．Walthamstow Garden Party D．Brixton Courtyard.
【答案】21．C22．A23．D
【解析】本文是应用文，介绍伦敦一些重新开放的场所。
21．细节理解题。根据文中第二自然段中“Nearby roads will be closed and there will be a limit on the number of people who can enter the market.”（附近的道路将被封闭，进入市场的人数也将受到限制。）可知Columbia Road Flower Market重新开放后会限制客流量。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据文中第三自然段中“The festival of countryside won' t be held in its usual home of Brock well Park this year. However, it is being taken online instead.”（今年的乡村音乐节不会在布洛克威尔公园举行。然而，它被放到了网上。）和第四自然段中“The free two-day festival in E17 is going online this year.”（今年，E17两天免费的音乐节将在网上直播。）可知Lambeth Country Show 和the festival in E17都将转到网络上。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据文中第五自然段中“A new beer garden is opening in Brixton with D sets, wine tastings and more in a safe environment.”（一个新的啤酒花园在布里克斯顿开放，你可以在这个安全的环境里品尝葡萄酒和做一些其它事情。）可知在Brixton Courtyard可以品尝葡萄酒，如果有人想喝一杯，你会推荐Brixton Courtyard。故选D项。
The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science.
Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class，and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.
The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.
Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone's eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed), her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.
This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn't get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid, a HUGE new kid, who had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.
The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn't fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.
Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: "Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year's Honors Physical Science class." Jada sighed loudly."But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You'll be partners. You'll be working closely together all year."
Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. "Hi, I'm Robert. I'm new here."...
24．What can you learn about Jada from the first two paragraphs?
A．She found she didn't like science as she thought.
B．She was angry that her mother made her go to school.
C．She wasn't willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.
D．She thought this year's chemistry class would be a breeze,
25．The writer described Jada's appearance in paragraph 4 in order to_______.
A．reveal how different she was from her classmates
B．explain why she was late for school that morning
C．imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance
D．give readers a general impression of science students
26．In paragraph 5, the phrase "that group of jocks" refers to _______.
A．the new kid B．football players
C．Jada's teacher D．Jada's classmates
27．What can we learn about the new kid according to the passage2?
A．He was shy. B．He was rude.
C．He liked sports. D．He looked sad.
【答案】24．C25．C26．B27．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上化学课迟到的经历以及她的心理活动。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class.（铃声响了。杰达叹了口气，慢慢地从她一直倚靠的储物柜里走出来，朝走廊走去上化学课）”和文章第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class，and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.（Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课很轻松，但是得了吧，荣誉化学?她不认识班里的任何人，他们可能也不认识像她这样的人）”可知，Jada对于上化学课有些抵触，所以才会在第一次上课时，响铃之后，慢悠悠的起身去教室，并且在新班级也没有任何认识的人。由此可推知，她不愿意上化学课。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance.（糟糕的是，这让她看起来像是在隆重登场）”和第四段“They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed), her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket.（他们盯着她乌黑的头发(刚染的)，黑色的口红，黑色的指甲油，还有她在旧货店买的黑色皮夹克）”可知，Jada已经预料到了迟到会让她的出现看起来很隆重，第四段里作者描述Jada与众不同的外表，更能凸显出她因为迟到受到大家的注意而感到心虚和抱歉。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据上文“She hated football players. They thought they were so great.（她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很了不起）”以及该词组所在的句子“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.（在自助餐厅附近闲逛的那群运动员总是取笑她）”可知，that group of jocks指代前文的“football players”。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down.（新来的孩子低着头向她的桌子走去）”以及“He shot Jada a glance and turned red.（他朝杰达瞥了一眼，脸就红了）”可推知，新来的孩子很害羞。故选A。
For millions of years, Arctic sea ice has expanded and shrunk in a rhythmic dance with the summer sun. Humans evolved in this icy world, and civilization relied on it for climatic, ecological and political stability. But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019’s minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic.
Although most people have never seen the sea ice, its effects are never far away. By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth’s air conditioner. Once dark water replaces brilliant ice, Earth could warm substantially, equivalent to the warming caused by the additional release of a trillion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and declining sea ice threatens wildlife, from the polar bear to algae that grow beneath the sea ice, supporting the large amount of marine life.
To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. In the 1950s, countries raced to claim the Antarctic continent for resources and military installations. Enter the scientists. The 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year brought together scientists from competing countries to study Antarctica, and countries temporarily suspended their territorial disputes (争议). In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to preserve the continent for peaceful scientific discovery rather than territorial and military gain.
Sixty years later, we must now save the Arctic. A new Marine Arctic Peace Sanctuary (MAPS) Treaty would protect the Arctic Ocean as a scientific preserve for peaceful purposes only. Similar to Antarctica, MAPS would prohibit resource exploitation, commercial fishing and shipping, and military exercises. So far, only 2 non-Arctic countries have signed MAPS; 97 more need to sign on to enact it into law. Scientists can help—just as they did for the Antarctic—by giving statements of support, asking scientific organizations to endorse (支持) the treaty, communicating the importance of protecting the arctic to the public and policy-makers, and above all, by convincing national leaders to sign the treaty. In particular, Arctic nations must agree that recognizing the arctic as an international preserve is better than fighting over it. In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible.
Humans have only ever lived in a world topped by ice. Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return?
28．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．wildlife relies on sea ice for food and water.
B．The Arctic would be ice-free in 30 years.
C．Sea ice slows down the global warming.
D．The melting of sea ice releases CO2.
29．The Antarctic is mentioned in the passage in order to ________.
A．remind readers of the past of the Antarctic
B．propose a feasible approach for the Arctic
C．stress the importance of preserving sea ice
D．recall how the Antarctic Treaty came into being
30．The word “moratorium” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ________.
A．battle B．ban
C．memo D．protection
31．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Antarctic: a Successful Comeback? B．Sea Ice and Global Warming
C．Arctic: the Earth’s Future D．Life Without Ice?
【答案】28．C29．B30．B31．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少，如果不加以保护，未来将会出现基本无冰的现象，并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth’s air conditioner. (通过反射阳光，北极冰起到了地球空调的作用)”可知，海冰减缓了全球变暖。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. (为了避免这种后果，科学界不仅应该提倡降低温室气体排放，还应该提倡保护北极不被开发。南极就展示了这种办法)”可知，文中提到南极是为了展示一种保护北极可以效仿的方式。故选B项。
30．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible. (2018年，这些国家通过谈判成功达成了在北极公海________商业捕鱼16年的协议，证明了此类协议是可能的)”由谈判成功，可知这些国家达成了在北极公海停止商业捕鱼16年的协议，moratorium意为“停止，禁止”，与ban意思最为接近。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019’s minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic. (但是现在世界越来越接近一个没有冰的未来。美国国家冰雪数据中心报告称，2019年北极海冰的最小范围是有记录以来第二低的。北极夏季将在30年内基本无冰，如果目前的趋势继续下去，时间可能会更早。随着北方海冰的减少，全世界必须团结起来保护北极的残余)”和最后一段中“Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return? (我们现在能共同努力保护北极生态系统，保持北极和平，让海冰恢复吗?)”可知，本文主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少，如果不加以保护，未来将会出现基本无冰的现象，并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰，因此本文的最佳标题选项D“没有冰的生活？”符合题意。故选D项。
When it comes to being fit and healthy, we're often reminded to aim to walk 10,000 steps per day. This can annoy many, especially when we're busy with work and other commitments---and yet where did this number actually come from?
The 10,000 steps a day target seems to have come about from a trade name pedometer sold in1965 by Yamasa Clock in Japan. The device was called "Manpo-kei", which translates to "10,000 steps meter". This was a marketing tool for the device and has seemed to have stuck across the world as the daily step target. It's even included in daily activity targets by popular smartwatches, such as Fitbit.
Research has since investigated the 10,000 steps a day target. But while some research has shown health benefits at 10,000 steps, recent research from Harvard Medical School has shown that, on average, around 4.400 steps a day is enough to significantly lower the risk of death in women. This was when compared to only walking around 2,700 steps daily. The more steps people walked, the lower their risk of dying was，before leveling off at around 7,500 steps a day. No additional benefits were seen with more steps. Although it's uncertain whether similar results would be seen in men, it's one example of how moving a little bit more daily can improve health and lower risk of death.
Recent research at the University of Texas has also demonstrated that if you're walking fewer than 5,000 steps a day, your body is less able to metabolize(新陈代谢) fat the following day. A buildup of fat in the body can also increase a person's likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This is further supported by previous research which shows people who walked less than 4,000 steps a day could not change this decreased fat metabolism.
If you want to increase how many steps you get daily, or simply want to move more, one easy way includes walking to work if possible, or taking part of an online exercise program if you're working from home. Meeting with friends for a walk --- rather than in a cafe or pub --- can also be useful.
32．What does the author think of the 10,000 steps per day?
A．It is an upsetting target to achieve.
B．It is likely to go out of style quickly.
C．It is a rising tendency of mental health
D．It is effective in reducing pressure on work.
33．What does research from the Harvard Medical School suggest about the target?
A．It matters as much as 7500 steps a day.
B．The more steps, the lower risk of death.
C．A bit more than the target can improve health.
D．About half that target appears to be beneficial.
34．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Absence of previous research.
B．Recent findings of fat buildup.
C．Problems of less daily walking.
D．Possible causes of physical challenges.
35．Which of the following is one of the suggested ways according to the passage?
A．Working at home.
B．Treating friends in a cafe or pub.
C．Driving lo work.
D．Signing up for online exercise programs.
【答案】32．A33．D34．C35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了10000步有关健康发展历史的由来，说明了保持健康的不同人群每天应走的步数以及健康的重要性。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When it comes to being fit and healthy, we're often reminded to aim to walk 10,000 steps per day. This can annoy many…（说到保持健康，我们经常被提醒每天要走1万步。这可能会惹恼很多人……）”可知，作者认为每天一万步是一个令人苦恼的目标。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But while some research has shown health benefits at 10,000 steps, recent research from Harvard Medical School has shown that, on average, around 4.400 steps a day is enough to significantly lower the risk of death in women.（虽然一些研究表明走1万步对健康有益，但哈佛医学院最近的研究表明，平均每天约4400步就足以显著降低女性的死亡风险）”可知，每天走大约4400步，即一万步目标的一半似乎是有益的。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Recent research at the University of Texas has also demonstrated that if you're walking fewer than 5,000 steps a day, your body is less able to metabolize(新陈代谢) fat the following day.（德克萨斯大学最近的研究也表明，如果你每天步行少于5000步，第二天你的身体代谢脂肪的能力就会下降）”可知，第四段主要告诉我们日常步行减少带来的问题。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you want to increase how many steps you get daily, or simply want to move more, one easy way includes walking to work if possible, or taking part of an online exercise program if you're working from home.（如果你想增加每天的步数，或者只是想多运动，一个简单的方法是，如果可能的话步行去上班，或者如果你在家工作的话，参加一个在线锻炼项目）”可知，根据文章，报名参加在线锻炼项目是建议的方法之一。故选D。
阅读【河北省2021-2022学年高三上学期9月大联考】
This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills．
What topics will it cover?
● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process
● The job application
● Planning for the interview
● Developing interview skills
What will you achieve?
By the end of the course，you'll be able to...
● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view
● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly
● Model a well-written job application
● Plan for a job interview
Who is the course for?
While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work．
Who develops the course?
Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition．
1．What will students learn if they take the online course?
A．The way to write a resume．
B．The way to put an advertisement．
C．The skills of talking with others．
D．The skills of improving reading．
2．Who is the online course intended for?
A．Trainers． B．Interviewers． C．Job seekers． D．College students．
3．Which of the following best describes the online course?
A．Cheap． B．Practical． C．Long-standing． D．World-class．
【答案】1．A2．C3．B
【解析】本文是一篇广告，主要介绍的是一门针对求职者的网上课程。
1．细节理解题。根据What will you achieve? 部分的By the end of the course，you'll be able to...Model a well-written job application（在课程结束时，你将能够模拟一份写得很好的工作申请）可知，参加网络课程的学生将学会如何写简历，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Who is the course for 部分的While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work（虽然本课程对实习生和毕业生很有吸引力，但它也适用于希望提高求职信心和成功率的更广泛群体的求职者）可知，这是一门面向求职者的在线课程，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning（我们的课程与行业一起设计，许多课程包括实践学习经验和基于项目的学习）可推知，描述在线课程最佳的词是“实用的”，故选B。
The British poet Matthew Byrne moved to Beijing in 2013 and felt that the capital city's poetry scene was lacking．His obsession（痴迷）for starting poetry events led to the foundation of the Spittoon Collective in May 2015．“At that time，the literary activity in Beijing was The Bookworm based in Sanlitun，”Byrne says．
While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene．
Byrne describes the Spittoon Collective as a platform for people to share ideas，from literary works to different forms of art，with projects developing from the creative energy within the community．
Spittoon originally started as a poetry night at the Mado Bar in Dongcheng District 's Baochao Hutong． Byrne says，“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area．”
He adds，“The objective now is to discover Chinese voices and broadcast them to the rest of the world．We create a kind of theme park-like atmosphere where every Thursday is occupied by a different literary style or art form．”
The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages．
Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country．
4．What can we know about the Spittoon Collective?
A．It was closed in 2019．
B．It was set up in 2013 in Beijing．
C．It's popular with literature lovers．
D．It's a community just for foreigners．
5．Why did Byrne start the Spittoon Collective in Baochao Hutong?
A．To attract students' love of poetry．
B．To expand China's literature globally．
C．To make Beijing's hutongs famous．
D．To combine poetry with the hutong．
6．What effect would the Spittoon Collective have on Chinese culture?
A．Beneficial． B．Negative． C．Challenging． D．Controversial．
7．What is the author's attitude to the Spittoon Collective?
A．Unclear． B．Intolerant． C．Doubtful． D．Favorable．
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是英国诗人马修·伯恩在北京成立的名为Spittoon Collective的读书组织。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene”（尽管北京的一些文学机构将在2019年秋季关闭，但Spit-toon将继续发展，成为一个诗人、作家、音乐家和其他创作领域的社区）可知，Spittoon Collective很受文学爱好者的欢迎，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area”（在北京，你可以在这些美妙的胡同和古老的建筑中漫步，参观很酷的酒吧，所以我认为举办一个诗歌活动会很好，因为诗歌似乎是这个地区的自然之物）可知，拜恩在宝潮胡同创办了Spittoon Collective是为了将诗歌与胡同结合起来，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages”（读书会主要用英语进行，但在国际社会的帮助下，一个名为“翻译中的诗歌”的新栏目开始了，其中有中文、法文、阿拉伯语、俄语、西班牙语和其他语言的作品）可知，Spittoon Collective对中国文化是有好处的，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country”（参加像Spittoon这样有组织的活动对那些陷入无聊生活的人来说是一个很大的帮助。对于移居中国的人来说，这尤其重要，因为他们需要在不同的国家建立新的关系）可知，作者对于Spittoon Collective的态度是赞许的，即Favorable，故选D。
I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.
It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.
Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.
However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.
I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.
Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.
8．What is the author’s belief?
A．People should live alone.
B．People can’t always be happy.
C．People can’t always achieve their goals.
D．People should pursue true achievements.
9．What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to?
A．Their strongly believed values. B．Their different needs.
C．Permanent happiness. D．The pursuit of hedonism.
10．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author?
A．By being honest to others. B．By changing true nature.
C．By keeping realstically optimistic. D．By pursuing pleasure constantly.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．What is the meaning of eudaimonia?
B．What should we do to keep positive?
C．How can we keep happy forever?
D．Why can’t people be happy all the time?
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了真正的幸福快乐是什么，以及在情感上诚实和灵活有助于提升幸福感。
8．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve. (我一直相信积极的生活并不是每天每一分钟都保持乐观。那种永久的快乐状态不是我们的目标，因为它不可能实现)”可知，作者认为人们不可能总是快乐的。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values. (相反，情感的灵活性是一种技能，帮助人们判断日常生活的复杂性，并坚持他们根深蒂固的价值观)”可知，感情上灵活的人遵从自己坚信的价值观。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“true happiness comes from authentic positivity (真正的幸福来自真实的积极性)”以及文章倒数第二段“Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. (相反，幸福感鼓励我们追求意义和真实、成长和诚实的快乐)”可推知，作者认为，保持真实乐观可以获得幸福感。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章倒数第二段“recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model. (最近的心理学思想倾向于将幸福感作为一种更可持续、更令人满意的模式)”可推知，本文主要介绍了什么是幸福感，真正的幸福快乐是什么。A项“幸福感的含义是什么？”符合文意，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners． Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys （赛马骑师） and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．
Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，another mathematician， took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．
The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)， a medium one (1,900 meters)， and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction from the track surface．
The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can be devastating as well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
12．What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?
A．Make a good start． B．Plan for the race early．
C．Run slowly on the starting line． D．Try running quickly all the time．
13．What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?
A．The experience and data from previous horse races．
B．The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．
C．The success in studying runners' winning strategies．
D．The performance of horses on different race distances．
14．What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?
A．Boring． B．Damaging． C．Astonishing． D．Puzling．
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．Runners have the same energy output of muscles．
B．Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．
C．What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．
D．World champion runners made a contribution to the study．
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。阿夫达里昂通过分析跑步运动员在比赛中的表现，发现了一些赢得比赛的策略。通过进一步的研究，她发现这些策略还适用于比赛中的马。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．（她发现短跑运动员在起跑猛，并逐渐放慢至终点线时，他们往往会获胜。而在中距离赛跑中，运动员起跑猛，逐渐减弱，然后以冲刺结束，往往表现更好）”可知，跑步运动员要争取好的开始，这样有助于他们赢得比赛。故选择A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．（阿夫达里昂想知道哪个策略更适合赛马）”结合第二段和第三段中介绍的阿夫达里昂关于跑步运动员的比赛策略，可知，运动员的比赛获胜策略的研究成果，是阿夫达里昂对赛马研究的基础。故选择C项。
14．词句猜测题。根据上文“If the start is too strong（如果开始太过于强烈）”以及下文“leaving the horse tired by the end（使得马在最后阶段感到疲惫）”可知，太过猛烈的开始，对参赛马匹也是有危害的，故选择B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish.（这个结果可能会让那些在最后一圈阻止马爆发能量的骑师感到吃惊）”可知，阿夫达里昂对于赛马展开的研究可以为骑师提供一些比赛策略，这可以帮助参赛马匹赢得比赛。故选择B项。
阅读【广东省2022届高三8月阶段性质量检测】
World's best scuba diving destinations
If you are planning to go on a scuba diving vacation in the near future, here is a list of some of the best destinations in the world that you can consider.
The Red Sea, Egypt
One dive underneath the surface of the Egyptian Red Sea, and all you can see is a huge variety of marine life all around you. This is one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. You can experience a fantastic swim with the dolphins and sharks. And a variety of colorful coral and sponges (海绵动物) in the reefs look absolutely astonishing.
Bali Island, Indonesia
Considered to be the “Jewel of Indonesia”, Bali Island is undoubtedly one of the most unusual holiday destinations in the world. And that is certainly true when it comes to a scuba diving vacation as well. The most popular underwater attraction for the divers gathering here is Mola mola, the world's heaviest-known bony fish. Bali Island is known for some of the world's best scuba diving instructors and diving spots.
Half Moon Caye, Belize
If you are looking forward to doing a wall dive, then the Half Moon Caye is the perfect place for you. Once you begin diving downwards, you will be excited by seeing the variety of marine life. There are numerous tunnels filled with a variety of sponges and monster groupers. The most noticeable sightings are those of eagle rays, logger head turtles, barracudas and the rosy razor fish.
1．Which of the following is in agreement with the author?
A．The Red Sea is the richest marine ecosystem in the world.
B．Most divers might be attracted to Bali Island because of its jewels.
C．There are some top class scuba diving instructors in Bali Island.
D．Half Moon Caye excites the divers with the walls and wrecks in the depths.
2．What do the Egyptian Red Sea and the Half Moon Caye have in common?
A．Numerous tunnels.
B．A variety of sponges.
C．Being a perfect place for wall dives.
D．Allowing divers to swim with sharks.
3．What's the purpose of the passage?
A．To educate. B．To inform.
C．To amuse. D．To advertise.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上几个最适合人们潜水的好地方。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bali Island is known for some of the world's best scuba diving instructors and diving spots.(巴厘岛以世界上最好的潜水教练和潜水点而闻名)”可知，巴厘岛有一些顶级的水肺潜水教练。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“And a variety of colorful coral and sponges in the reefs look absolutely astonishing.(珊瑚礁中的各种彩色珊瑚和海绵动物看起来绝对令人惊讶)”以及第四段“There are numerous tunnels filled with a variety of sponges and monster groupers.(有许多充满各种海绵动物和石斑鱼的隧道)”可知，红海和半月岛的共同之处在于都可以看到各种各样的海绵动物。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you are planning to go on a scuba diving vacation in the near future, here is a list of some of the best destinations in the world that you can consider.(如果你计划在不久的将来去潜水，这里有一些你可以考虑的世界上最好的旅游目的地的清单)”可知，本文是向读者推荐一些潜水的好地方，是给这几个地方做广告。故选D项。
As a winner of the NSLI-Y Scholarship in high school, and then the Critical Language Scholarship in college, I lived in China for two summers with host families, studying Chinese for nine hours a day. Tack on to that the approximately 2,000 classroom hours I spent learning Chinese as an undergraduate, and it seems fair to say that a small fortune of resources has been invested in my Chinese ability.
Yet even with so much practice, I am not still achieving fluency, and it's unclear whether I’ll use my language skills regularly in my career. This leads me to reflect: What is it that drives me to drill tones and memorize characters?
Many people are quick to point out the value of language skills in an increasingly competitive workforce. However, language is about much more than just the ability to communicate. Foreign language study is tied to increased levels of empathy (同理心)，enhanced cognitive development, and more creative insight on the human condition. Increasingly, research shows that these benefits also apply to those with exposure to multiple languages, and not just those who achieve fluency.
A beneficial future for the US and China will be built upon understanding, respect and recognition. Language exchange can provide cultural insight and strengthen the common ground we stand on.
It is not the economic potential of my language skills that leads me to persist. Studying Chinese is the most modest way I can think of to approach China, a nation with over 5 ,000 years of complex history. From this point, I have experienced the beauty, hospitality of China. And my experience of studying Chinese has helped me form a sense of curiosity and a commitment to understanding and respect-and that's a start.
4．What do we know about the author?
A．He has worked hard at learning Chinese.
B．He has won many scholarships in China.
C．He began to learn Chinese in high school.
D．He has enjoyed his life living in China.
5．What does the author think of the language learning?
A．It just needs to drill tones and remember words.
B．It needs the experience of living with a host family.
C．It can promote learners' mental development.
D．It is only used for effective communication.
6．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．The US and China will certainly have a bright future.
B．The US and China always respect and recognize each other.
C．Language exchange can help the US and China understand better.
D．The US and China start to share the same cultural insight.
7．Why does the author stick to learning Chinese?
A．To get some economic profits. B．To show off his language talent.
C．To achieve the language fluency. D．To have a close look at China.
【答案】4．A5．C6．C7．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过自己学习中文的经历，作者明白了语言的学习不仅仅是为了说得流利，而且还能促进个人的心理发展。此外，语言的交流也能促进国与国之间的进一步了解。作者之所以坚持继续学中文是为了能够更加了解这个具有5000千多年历史的国家。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的I lived in China for two summers with host families, studying Chinese for nine hours a day. Tack on to that the approximately 2,000 classroom hours I spent learning Chinese as an undergraduate, (我在中国和寄宿家庭一起居住了两个暑假，每天学习中文9小时。除此之外，我在大学期间花了大约2000个课时学中文)可知，作者一直努力学习中文。A. He has worked hard at learning Chinese.(他努力学习中文)符合以上说法，故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的However, language is about much more than just the ability to communicate. Foreign language study is tied to increased levels of empathy (同理心)，enhanced cognitive development, and more creative insight on the human condition. (然而，语言不仅仅是交流的能力。外语学习与同理心水平的上升、增强认知发展，和对人类生存状态更有创造性的洞察力密不可分。)可知，作者认为外语的学习可以促进学习者的心理发展。C. It can promote learners' mental development.(它能够促进学习者的心理发展)符合以上说法，故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段Language exchange can provide cultural insight and strengthen the common ground we stand on.(语言交流可以提供文化洞察、并加强我们的共同点。)可知，语言交流可以加强中美的共同点。由此推测，语言交流可以帮助中美更好的了解对方。C. Language exchange can help the US and China understand better.(语言交流能够帮助中美更好的了解对方)符合以上说法，故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Studying Chinese is the most modest way I can think of to approach China, a nation with over 5 ,000 years of complex history. (学习中文是我能想到的接近中国的最谦逊的方式，一个有着5000多年复杂历史的国家。)可推测，作者学习中文是为了更好的了解中国。D. To have a close look at China.(为了更好的了解中国)符合以上说法，故选D项。
Evidence of a worm-like creature about the size of a grain of rice has been uncovered in South Australia, and researchers believe it is the oldest ancestor on the family tree that includes humans and most animals. The creature lived about 535 million years ago. It is considered to be an evolutionary step forward for early life on Earth.
Researchers have been trying to find evidence of the common ancestor of most animals. Developing its body structure and organization successfully allowed life to move in specific, purposeful directions. This includes everything from worms and dinosaurs to amphibians(两栖动物) and humans. But for our common ancestor, they knew that fossils(化石) of the tiny , simple creatures they imagined would be nearly impossible to find because of its size and soft body. Then, they turned to fossilized burrows, dated to the Ediacaran Period, found in South Australia.
For 15 years, scientists knew the burrows were created by the creature. There was no evidence of what made the burrows and lived in them until researchers decided to take a closer look at the burrows. Geology professor Mary Droser spotted impressions shaped like ovals near the burrows.
A 3-D laser scan revealed the impressions containing evidence of a body shaped and sized like a rice grain, with a noticeable head and tail which suggested it had muscles. The muscles would have enabled the creature to move and create the burrows, like the way a worm moves. And the size of the creature matched with the size of the burrows they found.
The researchers involved in the study named the creature Ikaria wariootia. The first name translates as “meeting place” in the Adnyamathanha language. Adnyamathanha is the name of Australian people that live in the area where the fossil was found.
8．What does the underlined word “It” mean in the first paragraph?
A．A worm-like creature.
B．A grain of rice.
C．A family tree.
D．An evolutionary step.
9．What did the researchers do during the study?
A．They developed the creature in the expected way.
B．They studied a large number of worms and dinosaurs.
C．They observed the burrows close up.
D．They went back to the Ediacaran Period some years ago.
10．What inspired the scientists to explore the origin of the burrows?
A．A 3-D laser scan. B．The impressions.
C．Some good ovals. D．More burrows.
11．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．The researchers worked very hard in the burrow.
B．The worm-like creature may be animals' ancestor.
C．It is very difficult to name a new kind of creature.
D．Australian people like fossils of many creatures.
【答案】8．A9．A10．B11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类来自哪里，动物又是从哪里起源？本文讲述了科学家在澳大利亚的一个洞穴里找到了潜在的答案。他们发现像虫子一样的生物可能是人类最早的祖先。
8．指代猜测题。根据第一段“Evidence of a worm-like creature about the size of a grain of rice has been uncovered in South Australia, and researchers believe it is the oldest ancestor on the family tree that includes humans and most animals.(在南澳大利亚发现了一种类似蠕虫的生物，其大小约为一粒大米，研究人员认为它是包括人类和大多数动物在内的家谱上最古老的祖先)”可知，此处的“It”意为一种类似蠕虫的生物。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Developing its body structure and organization successfully allowed life to move in specific, purposeful directions.(发展它的身体结构和组织成功地让生命朝着特定的、有目的的方向运动)”可知，研究人员在研究期间以预期的方式使这种生物进化。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Geology professor Mary Droser spotted impressions shaped like ovals near the burrows.(地质学教授Mary Droser在洞穴附近发现了椭圆形的痕迹)”可知，这个印记激励了科学家探索洞穴的起源。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“Evidence of a worm-like creature about the size of a grain of rice has been uncovered in South Australia, and researchers believe it is the oldest ancestor on the family tree that includes humans and most animals.(在南澳大利亚发现了一种类似蠕虫的生物，其大小约为一粒大米，研究人员认为它是包括人类和大多数动物在内的家谱上最古老的祖先)”可知，课文主要讲述了蠕虫状生物可能是动物的祖先。故选B项。
One of the most common connections I see as a university professor of architecture is between that of art and nature. To be specific, the designs in nature are now admired and commercialized in modern day architecture.
Surely you have seen patterns in nature--whether it is the radial(光线的) pattern of the sun or the unsteady ant hill--being applied to lots of schools, churches, or apartment buildings. In this text, I want to discuss one of the ways I believe to be most important for those trying to gain art, architecture, or natural science degrees. It is traveling. I also want to discuss why the experiences and real-world knowledge you gain cannot be beaten. The knowledge that you acquired in the classroom finally clicks when you see the real-world examples and apply the knowledge directly.
In my own example, I discuss the trip I had to Iran. I stayed in Tehran for three days, and there I was amazed by the architecture upon landing. The buildings are under the influence of ancient. Egyptian and modern Western architecture. And I was surprised to see the diverse groups of buildings and combination of various styles into one. Instead of seeing these in a textbook in a lecture hall, I was able to see them in person while traveling. Next, I took a bus to Tabriz, got my hiking sticks, and climbed Eynali, a range of mountains in Tabriz. I was able to see the nature, the change in air pressure, the clouds, and the other facts that I had read about in my biology textbook. However, for once, it was by experiencing it.
Never again will I forget these interesting pieces of knowledge because they are now associated with other experiences-ones that I had through traveling.
12．What does the author regard patterns in nature as?
A．Inspiration for architecture.
B．Common teaching material.
C．Commercial opportunities.
D．Enjoyment in spare time.
13．What does the underlined word “clicks” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Stands out finally.
B．Fades away quickly.
C．Falls behind gradually.
D．Makes sense suddenly.
14．What did the author do in Tehran?
A．He got very close to nature.
B．He designed his own patterns.
C．He explored local architecture.
D．He prepared textbook for a lecture.
15．What does the author mainly suggest in the text?
A．Understand the link between art, nature, architecture, and travel.
B．Apply your professional knowledge while you're travelling.
C．Try to learn from the reality rather than your textbooks.
D．Experience what you have learned in different cultures.
【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名大学建筑师教授，他通过自身的经历，讨论了旅行和自然、艺术、建筑等之间的关系，认为旅行是我们获得知识的重要方式。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“the designs in nature are now admired and commercialized in modern day architecture.(大自然中的设计现在在现代建筑中受到赞赏和商业化)”可知，作者认为这些自然界的图案形态是建筑领域的来源灵感。故选A项。
13．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“apply the knowledge directly(直接应用知识)”可知，当你看到真实世界的例子并直接应用这些知识时，你在课堂上获得的知识才会真正发挥作用。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据文中第三段“In my own example, I discuss the trip I had to Iran. I stayed in Tehran for three days, and there I was amazed by the architecture upon landing. The buildings are under the influence of ancient. Egyptian and modern Western architecture. And I was surprised to see the diverse groups of buildings and combination of various styles into one.”在我自己的例子中，我讨论了我去伊朗的旅行。我在德黑兰呆了三天，在那里我一着陆就被那里的建筑所震撼。这些建筑受到了古代的影响。埃及和现代西方建筑。我很惊讶地看到了不同的建筑群和不同风格的组合。可知，在德黑兰时，作者探索了当地的建筑。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“One of the most common connections I see as a university professor of architecture is between that of art and nature.”作为一名大学建筑学教授，我认为最常见的联系之一，就是艺术与自然之间的联系。根据最后一段“Never again will I forget these interesting pieces of knowledge because they are now associated with other experiences-ones that I had through traveling.”我再也不会忘记这些有趣的知识，因为它们现在与我在旅行中的其他经历联系在一起。以及全文可知，作者首先讲述了艺术和自然的关系，再通过自身的例子强调了旅行的重要意义。由此可知，作者的主要建议是：理解艺术、自然、建筑和旅行之间的联系。故选A项。
阅读【河北省邯郸市2022届高三上学期开学摸底】
Shopping in Singapore
Orchard Road
Surrounded by local and international department stores and big malls on both the ends, Orchard Road is the most famous spot for best shopping in Singapore. From budget clothes and electronics to discount stores for high-end fashion labels and housewares, you can find everything under one roof.
Timings: Most of the stores and markets open from 9 or 10 a.m., and close by 10 p.m. But on every Saturday, almost all the shops extend the shopping hours till 11 p.m.
Marina Bay
Known for being the most glorious attraction, the area of Marina Bay is home to a lot of famous malls in Singapore. From local brands to international ones which you may have never heard of, everything can be spotted here at a price you might not have to think about twice.
Timings: While most malls stay open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., the shops here stay open till 11 p.m. every day, and till 11:30 p.m. on Friday and Saturday.
Chinatown
This market area is one of the most fascinating and best shopping places in Singapore for those on a budget. It is certainly a great place to buy spices, souvenirs, and clothes. Also, you can heartily bargain here until you feel satisfied with your buy!
Timings: While some stores stay open till 6 p. m., some close late in the night by 11 p. m.
Little India
The most colorful and active place for shopping in Singapore, Little India is a paradise for every tourist looking to shop his or her heart out. The easy connectivity of the lanes makes shopping and walking around a cakewalk. From spices and rich sari fabrics to flowers, jewellery, and silverware, you can find anything here!
Timings: While the Mustafa Centre stays open for 24 hours, the other shops mostly remain open till 10 p.m.
1．What is the common feature of Orchard Road and Marina Bay?
A．They feature local brands.
B．Both have a full range of goods.
C．They have the same business hours.
D．Both are open seven days a week.
2．How do customers usually feel while bargaining in Chinatown?
A．Joyful. B．Tough.
C．Ashamed. D．Exhausted.
3．Where could you go if you want to buy something after midnight?
A．Orchard Road. B．Marina Bay.
C．Chinatown. D．Little India.
【答案】1．B2．A3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了新加坡的四个购物中心。
1．细节理解题。根据第一部分中“you can find everything under one roof(你可以在同一屋檐下找到所有的东西）”和第二部分中“everything can be spotted here（这里什么都能看到）”可知，这两个地方的商品类型都很齐全。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Chinatown部分的“you can heartily bargain here until you feel satisfied with your buy（您可以在这里尽情地讨价还价，直到您满意为止）”可知，在这里讨价还价是一件很痛快、很享受的事。故选A。
3．细节理解题。对比每个购物中心的Timings部分，且根据最后一部分的“While the Mustafa Centre stays open for 24 hours, the other shops mostly remain open till 10 p.m.（Mustafa中心24小时营业，其他商店大多营业到晚上10点）”可知，四个地方只有位于Little India的Mustafa Centre是24小时营业的，所以午夜后购物应选择这个地方。故选D。
The last year has been unbelievably tough for so many people. There's been a mix of insecurity and fear, as well as grief for those who’ve lost loved ones due to COVID-19. And with the pandemic (流行病) being far from over, people are continuing to struggle and in need of a smile.
With this in mind, we wanted to share the story of Jaden Hayes, whose take on sadness and anxiety is totally refreshing.
When Jaden Hayes was only 4 years old, his dad passed away. Two years later his mom died in her sleep. “I tried and I tried to get her awake — I couldn’t,” the orphan (孤儿) explained in an interview. However, in his grief he realized how difficult it was for him to see others around him feeling sad. So he wanted to do something to make them smile. With the help of his aunt and guardian at the time, Barbara DiCola, he went and bought lots of little toys to hand out to passers-by in Savannah, Georgia, whom he felt needed to have their spirits raised.
All little Jaden Hayes wants in return is to make people smile. Unsurprisingly his efforts have worked! “It’s like absolute joy came out of this child, and the more people that he made smile, the more this light shone,” explained his aunt. While he readily admitted that he was still sad about his mother's death, the smile mission had given him a sense of purpose.
Now, a few years later, Jaden is still keeping up his good work. His Facebook page, Jaden’s Journey, describes how this young “smile maker” is still bringing joy to others.
His initial aim was to make 33,000 people smile through his kind gesture, but by spreading his story we’re pretty sure he’s managed to inspire many more smiles — and perhaps a few tears.
4．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “take” in Paragraph 2?
A．Influence. B．Experience.
C．Suggestion. D．Interpretation.
5．What do we know about Jaden Hayes?
A．He gives toys to anyone passing by.
B．He wants people around him to be happy.
C．He forgets the pain of his mother’s death.
D．He does his good work without expecting anything in return.
6．What does the author mean to do by telling the story of Jaden Hayes?
A．To encourage people to cheer up.
B．To call on people to do good things.
C．To introduce Jaden Hayes to the public.
D．To praise those who make people smile.
7．What is the title for this text?
A．A Time Full of Grief B．Ways Out of Sadness
C．An Orphan Who Spreads Joy D．Kindness That Requires No Return
【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个孤儿克服了自己的悲伤，为他人带来微笑的故事。
4．词句猜测题。划线词所在句为第一段与下文内容之间的过渡句，划线词是对下文故事的一个概括，根据下文内容可知，这个故事讲述了Jaden Hayes对悲伤和焦虑的不同诠释。故D选项Interpretation“理解，诠释”符合语境。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, in his grief he realized how difficult it was for him to see others around him feeling sad.”（ 然而，在他的悲伤中，他意识到对他来说，看到周围的人感到悲伤是多么困难）以及第四段中“All little Jaden Hayes wants in return is to make people smile”（ 小Jaden Hayes想要的回报就是让人们微笑）等可知，Jaden Hayes不愿意看到别人悲伤，希望看到人们的笑脸。故选B。
6．推理判断题 。根据第一段中“people are continuing to struggle and in need of a smile”（ 人们在继续奋斗，需要微笑）以及第二段内容可知，作者讲述Jaden Hayes的故事是为了让人们从不同角度理解并克服失去亲人的悲伤，用微笑面对生活，所以作者鼓励人们振作起来。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一个孤儿用赠送玩具的方式给需要的人带来快乐和微笑，因此C选项An Orphan Who Spreads Joy（一个传播欢乐的孤儿）可作为最好的题目。故选C。
Kite surfing is a sport that takes place on the surface of the water, on top of boards that are similar in design to wakeboards (尾波滑水板), with the surfer pulled by a kite. The popularity of kite surfing has grown, although it is rather difficult to master. Kite surfing uses the same equipment as kite boarding, but is generally given more to riding on top of waves, rather than on smaller lakes or other calm bodies of water.
Early experiments in kite transportation took place through the 19th century, and at the dawn of the 20th century Samuel Cody crossed the English Channel using kites and a small boat. Kite surfing itself, however, wasn’t really born until the late 1970s. Beginning in that decade, more people became involved in using kites for personal transport and sport. Kite technology itself advanced enormously during the 1970s, with kites becoming much more controllable.
The early kite surfing was rather accidental, but innovators continued to develop the technology to make it easier to control and safer. By the late 1990s, kite surfing was becoming popular off the coast of Maui, France and throughout the world. In 1997, a special kite system was built specifically for kite surfing, which helped kite surfing into the mainstream.
Because of the high speeds and the dangers, it is generally recommended that would-be kite surfers take at least a few basic classes to learn the fundamentals. The main attraction of kite surfing is the potential for amazing tricks. The kite allows the surfer to experience enormous jumps, flying through the air for large distances before hitting the water in a controlled fashion. Like skateboarding, kite surfing makes use of a number of board grabs, with complex tricks possible due to the long period of time the surfer can remain in the air.
8．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．What is kite surfing. B．Where to go kite surfing.
C．How to enjoy kite surfing. D．Why people like kite surfing.
9．In the 19th century, people intended to use kite for ________.
A．sport B．experiment
C．entertainment D．transportation
10．What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．Kite surfing often leads to accidents.
B．Maui is home to kite surfing.
C．Kite control is the key to kite surfing.
D．Kite surfing came into being in the 1990s.
11．What is most charming for people surfing?
A．Its potential for tricks. B．Its long time in the air.
C．Its speed across the water. D．Its big distance over the water.
【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了风筝冲浪的出现、发展以及特点。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Kite surfing is a sport”（ 风筝冲浪是一项运动）以及“Kite surfing uses the same equipment…”（风筝冲浪使用同样的设备）等可知，本段是对风筝冲浪的概念进行解释。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Early experiments in kite transportation took place through the 19th century”（ 风筝运输的早期实验发生在19世纪）可知，风筝运输的早期实验贯穿了整个19世纪。所以当时的人们试图把风筝作为交通工具使用。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“but innovators continued to develop the technology to make it easier to control and safer”（但创新者继续发展这项技术，使其更容易控制和更安全）以及“In 1997, a special kite system was built specifically for kite surfing, which helped kite surfing into the mainstream.”（ 1997年，一种专门为风筝冲浪设计的特殊风筝系统问世，帮助风筝冲浪成为主流）可知，风筝的控制是风筝冲浪的关键。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The main attraction of kite surfing is the potential for amazing tricks.”（风筝冲浪的主要吸引人的地方是它可能会有惊人的技巧）可知，风筝冲浪最吸引人的地方是它潜在的惊人绝技。故选A。
Researchers found that those with strong, close bonds with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, popularity—defined as lots of people liking you generally, but not closely—wasn’t found to have the same benefit as close friends. “Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood,” according to the authors of the study. Popularity actually had the opposite—negative—effect.
The University of Virginia researchers who ran the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade, which means that their data are pretty strong. The scientists weren’t relying on recollections (回忆) of the types of relationships people had years later; they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured.
Each year, the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends—who their besties (好朋友) were and what their relationships were like with other friends. Through interviews and assessments, they were asked about “anxiety, social acceptance, self-worth and symptoms of depression; teens’ close friends also reported on their friendships and were interviewed,” according to the release.
Then the researchers analyzed the 10 years of data to understand how people handle stress over time. Those who were merely popular did worse on several measures of mental health compared to people with strong high school friendships.
The study shows that being well-liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of forming deep, supportive friendships. Because these experiences stay with us, over and above what happens later. As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends, focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority.
12．What makes the result of this study reliable?
A．A variety of experiments. B．Ten years of following up.
C．Cooperation of participants. D．The high level of the researchers.
13．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?
A．How the data are collected. B．Who are interviewed each year.
C．What the study concentrates on. D．Why close friends are important.
14．Which might be the author’s suggestion?
A．Use modern technology. B．Make some close friends.
C．Increase your popularity. D．Make as many friends as possible.
15．In which section of the Internet can you find this text?
A．Technology and Life. B．Schools and Families.
C．Health and Psychology. D．Network and Security.
【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过十年的跟踪发现高中时期交的亲密朋友比普通朋友对青少年未来的生活意义更大。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The University of Virginia researchers who ran the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade, which means that their data are pretty strong.(弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员十年来每年都跟踪这169个实验对象, 这意味着他们的数据非常可靠)”可知，这项研究对169名参与者进行了长达十年的跟踪，所以他们的研究很可靠。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Each year, the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends…(每年，这些研究对象和研究人员谈论他们的朋友……)”以及“Through interviews and assessments…(通过采访和评估……)”等可知，本段主要想告诉我们信息收集的方法和途径。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中最后一句的“As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends, focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority.(因为科技使得建立一个普通朋友的社交网络越来越容易，集中时间和精力和几个人培养亲密关系应该是首先考虑的事情)”可知，作者建议，优先考虑把时间和精力放在培养几个亲密朋友上。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers found that those with strong, close bonds with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later.(研究人员发现，那些在15岁时与朋友关系密切的人未来身体健康和幸福的可能性最大)”可知，本文主要讲述与朋友的亲密关系影响着青少年未来的健康和幸福。所以本文最有可能出自健康和心理栏目。故选C。
阅读【浙江省“七彩阳光”新高考研究联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期返校考】
Over the years, Rachel and her family witnessed a severe change in the landscape of their home in Pennsylvania. The population grew, and the town got dirtier and polluted as it became more industrial.
“I’m going to be a writer,” Rachel told her good friend Olga. “And, I’m going to write about my love of nature. I want to show how industrialization and progress can cause damage and changes to animals, birds, and plants.”
When Rachel went to college, she majored in English. But because of her love of nature, she soon switched to biology and later worked for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
In 1945, Rachel first became aware of the possible dangers of pesticides. Pesticides (杀虫剂), like DDT, are chemicals that kill insects that might hurt plants and crops. Years later, her friend Olga witnessed this danger firsthand. “It was horrible,” she told Rachel. “After the use of DDT, seven songbirds died in one place. Then for days after, we’d find more birds dead.”
“I know,” said Rachel. “True, DDT kills harmful insects, but it also kills the good insects we need for pollination and other purposes. It stays in the environment. When birds eat the poisoned insects, they get sick. If the bird doesn’t die, the poison can harm its offspring.”
Olga waved her arms wildly. “We have to do something about this.” Rachel went to her desk and grabbed a handful of papers. She handed them to Olga. “I’m writing a book from all the research I’ve gathered. It will be called Silent Spring. I’ll show how pesticides and other harmful chemicals can hurt nature.”
Olga raised her eyebrows. “You know the chemical manufacturers will fight you. If the government believes pesticides are harmful, they’ll begin an investigation and possibly outlaw them. The manufacturers will lose money.” Rachel lowered her eyes. “I know, but it’s a battle worth fighting. We have to protect the environment.”
21．What motivates Rachel to become an environmentalist?
A．Her family’s support. B．Olga’s constant encouragement.
C．Her switch of major in college. D．Negative effects from development.
22．What do we know about the book Silent Spring?
A．It is based on the result of Rachel’s research.
B．It’s about the damage caused by industrialization.
C．It is intended to raise people’s awareness of the risk from chemicals.
D．It tells the story about Olga’s witness of several birds’ death from poison.
23．What’s the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Olga was worried about the harmful pesticides.
B．The government will take action about pesticides.
C．Rachel was determined to protect the environment.
D．Chemical manufacturers will probably oppose Rachel.
【答案】21．D22．C23．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rachel和家人见证了随着工业化的加剧，人口的增长，环境受污染，也更脏了。她立志成为一名作家，写下自己对大自然的爱和工业化对动植物的危害。在1945年，她和朋友意识到杀虫剂DDT的危害，决心不怕打击报复，写书来号召政府采取行动的故事。
21．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“The population grew, and the town got dirtier and polluted as it became more industrial. (随着人口的增长，随着工业的发展，城镇变得越来越脏，污染越来越严重)”以及第二段“I want to show how industrialization and progress can cause damage and changes to animals, birds, and plants. (我想展示工业化和进步是如何对动物、鸟类和植物造成损害和改变的)”可推知，发展带来的负面影响促使Rachel成为了环保主义者。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第三段“When birds eat the poisoned insects, they get sick. If the bird doesn’t die, the poison can harm its offspring. (当鸟吃了有毒的昆虫，它们就会生病。如果这只鸟没有死，毒素会伤害它的后代)”以及倒数第二段“I’ll show how pesticides and other harmful chemicals can hurt nature. (我将展示杀虫剂和其他有害化学品是如何伤害大自然的)”可知，《寂静的春天》一书中介绍了有害化学品的风险，从而推知，该书的目的是提高人们对化学品风险的认识。故选C项。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“I know, but it’s a battle worth fighting. We have to protect the environment. (我知道，但这是一场值得的战斗。我们必须保护环境)”可推知，本段主要介绍了Rachel决心要保护环境。故选C项。
To determine if dogs display jealous (妒忌的) behavior, investigators set up a testing condition where the dogs could imagine that social interaction between their owner was taking place with another dog. For safety’s sake, they didn’t use another real dog, but rather a realistic model of a dog that might be viewed as a potential competitor for attention. As a control comparison, they used a cylinder (圆柱) that was wrapped in wool.
The test started out with the dogs tied on one side of the room. The dogs observed the “dog competitor,” sitting next to their owner. While the dog watched, a barrier was rolled into place between the dog and its potential “competitor” so that they could only see their owner from the waist up. Although the dogs could not see what their owner was doing with his hands, they could see him or her bending over and repeating some loving phrases like “What a good boy!”.
The chain that the dog was tied to was attached to the equipment that could record how hard the dog was pulling on it. Thus the measure of the degree of jealousy was how powerfully dogs attempted to reach their owners when they appeared to be petting the competitor “dog” behind the barrier. It was determined that this pulling really was based on jealousy because, in the condition where the owners were petting a wool-covered cylinder rather than the model dog, the dogs pulled with far less force. Remember that all of these activities happened just because of the dog’s mental picture as to what was going on since everything below the owner’s waist was hidden by the barrier.
Dogs’ ability to connect the dots and infer that their owners’ actions were directed toward a hidden competitor suggests that dogs not only are capable of mentally representing social interactions but also specifically do so when interpreting interactions that might threaten the social bond they have with their owners. This means that dogs, like people, can feel the strong negative emotion that Shakespeare called “the green-eyed beast.”
24．Why is a cylinder wrapped in wool used in the study?
A．To hide the owner’s waist.
B．To control the model dog.
C．To act as a comparison to the competitor dog.
D．To provide comfort for the dogs feeling jealousy.
25．How is the dog’s degree of jealousy measured?
A．How their owners pet the cylinder.
B．How forcefully the dogs pull on the lead.
C．How often the loving phrases are repeated.
D．How their owners show love to the model dog.
26．What makes the dogs show their jealousy?
A．The model dog was sitting nearby.
B．Their owners were bending over to repeat loving words.
C．Below the owner’s waist was a wool-covered cylinder.
D．Some competitor dog was stealing their owner’s love away from them.
【答案】24．C25．B26．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了测验狗是否有嫉妒行为，调查者做了一个测试情境，让狗去想象他们的主人正在与另外一条狗互动，来查看狗的反应。结果表明狗确实也有嫉妒心理和行为。
24．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“a realistic model of a dog that might be viewed as a potential competitor for attention. As a control comparison, they used a cylinder that was wrapped in wool. (使用一只可能被视为潜在竞争对手的真实狗模型。作为对照，他们使用了一个用羊毛包裹的圆筒)”可知，在研究中使用羊毛包裹的圆柱体是为了与作为竞争对手的狗模型作比较。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。通过文章第三段“Thus the measure of the degree of jealousy was how powerfully dogs attempted to reach their owners when they appeared to be petting the competitor “dog” behind the barrier. (因此，衡量嫉妒程度的标准是，当主人们似乎在抚摸栅栏后面的竞争“狗”时，它们试图接近主人的力度有多大)”可知，衡量狗的嫉妒程度的标准是检测狗拉着绳子的力量有多大。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“the dogs could imagine that social interaction between their owner was taking place with another dog (狗可以想象主人与另一只狗之间的互动)”以及文章最后一段“Dogs’ ability to connect the dots and infer that their owners’ actions were directed toward a hidden competitor (狗能够将这些点连接起来并推断出它们的主人的行为是针对一个隐藏的竞争对手的)”可推知，让狗表现出嫉妒的原因是狗认为主人的爱被其他狗所占有了，一些作为竞争对手的“狗”偷走了它们主人的爱。故选D项。
Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct. It’s a state of contentment discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.
Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, an American minister. He invented “positive thinking”, a concept now deeply rooted in our culture and steadily growing in influence.
Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you’ll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don’t think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of sustained happiness. We are not designed that way.
It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffering, as it is based on the idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable possibilities, which is much more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.
I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes.
27．Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree?
A．Happiness is a goal that can be achieved.
B．Happiness is an idea created by human being.
C．Popular culture helps discover the secrets of happiness.
D．Happiness enables people to fight against our survival dangers.
28．What’s the writer’s attitude towards positive thinking industry?
A．Disapproving. B．Supportive.
C．Sympathetic. D．Indifferent.
29．What does the writer mean by saying "the devil always has the best tunes" in last paragraph?
A．Happiness industry has strong influence on people.
B．People begin to accept that life is full of challenge.
C．Reducing suffering can guarantee life-long happiness.
D．Unhappiness will not necessarily dominate people’s life.
30．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Happiness in Suffering B．The pursuit of Happiness
C．The Happiness Fantasy D．Happiness Chasing Industry
【答案】27．B28．A29．A30．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章认为快乐不是自然就存在的，是人们自己架构出来的。追求快乐就像追逐影子一样。挪威人 Peale 发明了正向思考来解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是人生中不可避免的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静，但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct.”（幸福不是自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）由此可知，幸福是人类创造的一种观念。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段“This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don’t think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome.”（这很简单，很明显，不是真的。我认为没有必要解释生活中的许多障碍和不幸是不可避免的，或者是无法克服的）由此判断出，作者对正向思考持反对的态度。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据上文“I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world.”（我相信接受生活本来的样子，而不是像幸福告诉我们的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会更加平和地面对自己和世界）再综合全文的语篇架构，第一段讲快乐的状态会让人们降低对危险的警醒，第二段又讲正向思考根深蒂固，有很大的影响。第三四两段表明作者不同的观点，第五段强调作者的观点，然后用了转折意义的词“Unfortunatefuly”来说明快乐的“魔力”快乐对人有很大的影响。所以判断出，通过划线词的意思作者意在表明快乐对人有很大的影响。故选A项。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct.（幸福不是自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）”和第二段的“Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. （追逐幸福就像追逐影子，但积极思考行业声称知道它的秘密）”结合下文，挪威人 Peale 发明了正向思考来解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是人生中不可避免的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静，但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。所以短文的最佳标题为“幸福幻想”。故选C项。
阅读【浙江省山水联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期开学联考】
It differs greatly between wanting to become a great magician and actually doing it. In high school, I staged a show and my entire world came out to watch—friends and family members, everyone I want to impress. The audience all looked on in horror, fascination and pity, sitting there mute, enduring the spectacle and waiting for the show to end.
A few years later, I staged a Harry Houdini-style underwater escape in the river that flowed through the middle of the campus of the University of Iowa, where I went to school. I stood on a boat in the middle of the river wearing nothing but biking shorts and weights around my wrists and ankles. The sky was dead and gray, and the water was dead and gray, and a freezing breeze blew across its surface.
Technically, I succeeded. I jumped into the water, sank to the bottom, and escaped from the locks and the chains before swimming to the surface. But it didn't feel like a success. When Houdini did it, thousands of people turned up to watch, I had about a dozen who stopped on their way to class, and the police showed up because someone thought I was going to kill myself.
I am living proof, though, that if you throw enough time and effort at something—maybe even anything—you can become good at it. I found inspiration in Houdini's words: "The real secret to my success is simple: I work from seven in the morning to midnight and I like it." This quote lived on a piece of paper stuck to the wall by my bed for ten years. I had hit Malcolm Gladwell's 10,000 hours of practice by the time I turned 22, and he's right—I got pretty good.
The week after I finished school, I drove to Los Angeles to begin my career as a professional magician. I have never held another job.
1．What can you learn about the show the author staged in high school?
A．It was a total failure.
B．The audience loved it.
C．He was fully prepared for it.
D．He earned a good reputation.
2．Why did the author say that his water escape didn't feel like a success?
A．The police caught him.
B．He escaped being drowned.
C．Almost no one watched it.
D．It took him too long a time.
3．The author wanted to tell the readers through his story that ________.
A．doing is better than saying
B．a good beginning makes a good ending
C．all good things came to an end
D．nothing is impossible to a willing heart
【答案】1．A2．C3．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者成为一个魔术师的经历，作者认为世上无难事只怕有心人。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It differs greatly between wanting to become a great magician and actually doing it. The audience all looked on in horror, fascination and pity, sitting there mute, enduring the spectacle and waiting for the show to end.”（想要成为一个伟大的魔术师和真正做到这一点是有很大区别的。观众们惊恐地、着迷地、怜悯地看着，默默地坐在那里，忍受着这一幕，等待着表演的结束。）由此判断出，作者高中时的表演彻底失败了。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But it didn't feel like a success. When Houdini did it, thousands of people turned up to watch, I had about a dozen who stopped on their way to class, and the police showed up because someone thought I was going to kill myself. ”（但感觉并不成功。当胡迪尼表演时，成千上万的人前来观看，而我的表演，有十几个人在去上课的路上停下来，警察也出现了，因为有人认为我要自杀。）由此可知，为什么作者说他的水下逃脱不成功是因为几乎没有人看表演。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I am living proof, though, that if you throw enough time and effort at something—maybe even anything—you can become good at it.”（我就是活生生的例子，如果你在某件事上投入足够的时间和精力——甚至是任何事——你就能成功）由此判断出，作者想通过他的故事告诉读者世上无难事只怕有心人。故选D项。
You're stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or pull a Michael Douglas in the movie Falling Down, leaving your car idling on the freeway while you set off on foot (please don't do this).
Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver; delivery concept the company has labeled the "Traffic, Jam Whoopper."
Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept, said the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers," Lauria added.
Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7,000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible. Burger King's Mexico app activities the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1.8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.
Early on, Lauria wrote, the initiative was met with skepticism. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time geolocation data was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.
Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.
4．What does the "Traffic Jam Whopper"(paragraph 2) refer to?
A．A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours.
B．An initiative which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars.
C．A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones.
D．An association supervising whether drivers are observing traffic rules.
5．Burger King is launching the Traffic Jam Whopper mainly to ________.
A．promote its corporate culture
B．make a shift in its sales pattern
C．achieve an increase in its profit
D．expand its business into more cities
6．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of pedestrians.
B．Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams.
C．Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process
D．Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger King's app.
7．Burger King is ________about the Traffic Jam Whopper.
A．cautious B．ambitious
C．doubtful D．concerned
【答案】4．B5．C6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Burger King推出的一项新的送餐计划——将餐食直接送达给因堵车而饥饿的司机，但也面临着一些困难。
4．词句猜测题，根据上文“a direct-to-driver”（直接将食物送到司机手中）根据下文“the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers,”（新的方法使汉堡连锁店能够利用一天中城市糟糕的交通通常会减慢生意的这段时间。”对于Burger King来说，这是一个从饥饿的司机身上获取新利润的机会）由此可知，Traffic Jam Whopper指的是一项允许司机将食物直接送到车上的计划。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers,”（新的方法使汉堡连锁店能够利用一天中城市糟糕的交通通常会减慢生意的这段时间。”对于Burger King来说，这是一个从饥饿的司机身上获取新利润的机会）。由此可知，Burger King 发起了Traffic Jam Whopper 主要目的是增加利润。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1.8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.”（该公司表示，顾客只有在应用程序确定司机将在交通堵塞中至少30分钟，而且他们距离汉堡王餐厅1.8英里以内的情况下，才能下订单。）根据倒数第二段“making sure real-time geolocation data was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.”（确保实时的地理定位数据足够准确，并创造了一种免提的方式来接受手机订单，在这个国家，对开车使用手机的司机采取了严厉的惩罚措施。）由此判断出，技术障碍可能会阻碍交通堵塞中运送餐食的过程。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.”（尽管Burger King没有提供时间表，但它预计将在其他拥挤的城市，如洛杉矶、圣保罗和上海，推出这项堵车送餐计划。）由此判断出，Burger King对Traffic Jam Whopper雄心勃勃。故选B项。
Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each year. Compared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person's carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.
How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions? The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person.
While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a "rebound effect" occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid(混合动力的)car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO2 emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person's carbon footprint by making it bigger!
Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints? According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long distance travel and buying fewer smartphones and tablets that have large energy cost to produce and deliver. Another way is to add a CO2 tax on food, housing, and transportation. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.
8．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles
B．argue against the world's misunderstanding of US lifestyles
C．reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are
D．stress the impact of carbon footprints on American people's life
9．Which of the following is an example of the "rebound effect"(paragraph 3)?
A．Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week.
B．Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money.
C．Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.
D．David had a good knowledge of what harm CO2 emissions would do.
10．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How Can We Change Our Lifestyles?
B．Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller?
C．Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important?
D．What Makes Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions?
【答案】8．C9．A10．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国人每人每年贡献约20吨温室气体，即使那些使用能量最少的美国人，其碳排放量仍比全球人均水平高出一倍。美国人能减少他们的碳足迹吗？根据研究，这是可能的，但这需要改变人们的生活方式。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each year. Compared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person.”（全球平均每人每年的碳足迹约为4吨，而美国人均每年排放约20吨温室气体。与其他国家相比，即使是美国使用最少能源的人，其人均碳排放量仍是全球平均水平的两倍）由此判断出，第一段旨在揭示美国人的碳足迹有多少。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The MIT study revealed that a "rebound effect" occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid(混合动力的)car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip.”（麻省理工学院的研究表明，当某人努力减少碳足迹时，就会产生“反弹效应”。以一个人为例，他故意选择购买一辆混合动力汽车而不是一辆大型SUV，以节省汽油成本。很多时候，这个人会用他存下来的钱做其他事情，例如，长途飞机旅行）可知，“反弹效应”是指在一个方面节约能源，却在另一方面大量消耗。由此判断出A选项个“玛丽节食一周后吃了一顿大餐”为反弹效应。故选A项。
10．主旨大意题。根据的主要内容，尤其第一段“While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each year. Compared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person.”（全球平均每人每年的碳足迹约为4吨，而美国人均每年排放约20吨温室气体。与其他国家相比，即使是美国使用最少能源的人，其人均碳排放量仍是全球平均水平的两倍）和最后一段“Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints? According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes ”（美国人能减少他们的碳足迹吗？根据研究，这是可能的，但需要改变生活方式）可知，短文介绍了美国人每人每年贡献约20吨温室气体，即使那些使用能量最少的美国人，其碳排放量仍比全球人均水平高出一倍。美国人能减少他们的碳足迹吗？根据研究，这是可能的，但这需要改变人们的生活方式。由此判断出短文的最佳标题为“我们能减少我们的碳足迹吗？”。故选B项。