专题01 阅读理解（第07期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第07期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读选择【福建省福州市八县（市、区）一中2021-2022学年高三上学期期中联考】
You may hope to have healthy diets and a healthy body. You may want to eat tasty food that is easy to prepare. You may be inspired to exercise and stay in shape. The good news is that there are apps to help you.
Paprika
Paprika is an app to help users plan meals, shop and cook. You can save recipes from websites and from other apps to Paprika. The app can help keep a record of the foods you have in your home, so when you go shopping, it can remind you what are the required foods.
MealBoard
MealBoard is another app that can suggest recipes and help you plan meals. This app can suggest recipes based on the food you already have in your home. MealBoard can keep a list of what food you have and what you expect to buy. This app can scan bar codes (条形码) to add items to your list. Using this app, you can also note the expiration dates (保质期), so you know when your food is no longer usable.
MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. For example, you can search for recipes that have “chocolate” in them.
IEatWell
The IEatWell app supports healthy eating by giving users rewards for eating the right foods. If you like earning rewards for meeting your goals, IEatWell may work well for you. Instead of measuring how much you eat, IEatWell measures how well you eat. Tell the app what you are eating for your meal. You can even add a photo. The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well.
21．What do the apps Paprika and MealBoard have in common?
A．They can scan bar codes.
B．They can let you know what you need to buy.
C．They can keep a record of the meals you eat outside.
D．They can tell if the food has passed the expiration dates.
22．What can IEatWell do if you eat a healthy diet?
A．It can measure how much eat. B．It can give you a reward.
C．It can give you a picture. D．It can provide you with recipes.
23．What is the author ’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To make some comparisons among game apps.
B．To introduce some ways about how to stay healthy.
C．To introduce several apps to help people keep fit.
D．To call on people to buy these apps.
【答案】21．B22．B23．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍几款帮助读者保持健康饮食的生活习惯的软件。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段“it can remind you what are the required foods. (它可以提醒你需要购买的食物)”和第三段“MealBoard can keep a list of what food you have and what you expect to buy. (MealBoard可以保存一份你拥有的食物和要购买的食物的清单)”可知，这两款软件的共同点是可以提醒你要购买哪些食物。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well. (这款软件会对你吃的食物的健康度评分，并且如果你能健康饮食，就会给你一个奖励)”可知，IEatWell可以在你选择健康食物后给你一个奖励。故选B项。
23．目的意图题。根据第一段“You may hope to have healthy diets and a healthy body. (你可能希望健康饮食，并且有一个健康的身体)”和“The good news is that there are apps to help you. (好消息就是以下有几款软件可以帮助你)”可知，这篇文章的写作目的是介绍几款软件，帮助大家保持健康。故选C项。
Many factories and businesses around the globe have been struggling to deal with the severe economic realities of the recession(衰退), so they are having their employees take compulsory unpaid leave to save money. For some workers, their salaries have been cut by 20 percent, forced to stay home one out of every five working days. For some businesses, though, the economic downturn is actually a goldmine.
Instead of going out to fancy restaurants to dine with the whole family, many choose to stay at home. "People are eating out less and staying home more, which is driving our sales," reports Domino's Pizza chief manager Chris Moore. Pizza is very popular, and it is also very affordable for a family that has little extra money to spare. Domino's business in England rose 15 percent in the first six weeks this year compared with the previous year. Moore believes that the customers now will remain loyal when the financial situation rights itself. "By exceeding(超越) their expectations in terms of product quality and speed of delivery... these customers will stay with Domino's when the economy becomes better." said Moore.
Delivered pizza is not the only winner in the stay-at-home economy. Almost all online games have been reporting record-high income since the middle of 2008. Online games are designed to enable players to let off steam by interacting with each other socially in the comfort of their own homes. A Shanghai-based online game producer recently joked: "The game businesses are worried about economic recovery."
Another business that has boomed during the recession is camping equipment. Luxury vacations for families are down, but people still want to get away from their dull lives. This means that sales of tents, sleeping bags, and other outdoor equipment have gone up as families are trying to still have fun even though their bank accounts aren't as good as they once were. There have been reports that sales of fishing equipment are on the rise because many people believe this can help lower their grocery bills.
24．What is true about Domino's in economic hard times?
A．It is giving its employees a 20 percent cut.
B．It has added four or five new cheaper pizzas.
C．It has to close 15 percent of its stores.
D．Its business is increasing quite rapidly.
25．What does the phrase "let off steam" mean in the third paragraph?
A．Save money.
B．Free one's feelings.
C．Kill another player online.
D．Make money from an online game.
26．How does the author present his point?
A．By giving examples.
B．By showing a sequence.
C．By explaining causes and effects.
D．By making comparisons and contrasts.
27．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Domino's Pizza B．In-house Economy
C．Booming Businesses D．Economic Recession
【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。全球许多工厂和企业一直在努力应对经济衰退的严峻现实，因此，为了省钱，他们让员工强制休无薪假期，因此，对一些企业（外卖、游戏）来说，经济低迷实际上是一座金矿，他们利用人们休闲在家而产生的生意。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Domino's business in England rose 15 percent in the first six weeks this year compared with the previous year.”（今年前六周，达美乐在英国的业务比去年增长了15%。）可知，在困难时期，达美乐的业务增长相当快。故选D。
25．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“ by interacting with each other socially in the comfort of their own homes.”（通过在自己舒适的家中与他人进行社交互动）可知，在线游戏是为了让玩家能够在家舒适的玩游戏，结合下文的“A Shanghai-based online game producer recently joked: "The game businesses are worried about economic recovery.”（上海的一家网络游戏生产商最近开玩笑说:“游戏企业担心经济复苏）可知，let off Steam是指释放他们的情感。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Instead of going out to fancy restaurants to dine with the whole family, many choose to stay at home.”第三段第一、二句“Delivered pizza is not the only winner in the stay-at-home economy. Almost all online games have been reporting record-high income since the middle of 2008.”和最后一段第一句“Another business that has boomed during the recession is camping equipment.”可知，作者通过举例子来表达他的观点。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。全球许多工厂和企业一直在努力应对经济衰退的严峻现实，因此，为了省钱，他们让员工强制休无薪假期，因此，对一些企业（外卖、游戏）来说，经济低迷实际上是一座金矿，他们利用人们休闲在家而产生的生意。因此，本文讲述的是关于家庭经济。选项B“家庭经济”为最佳答案。故选B。
We have heard some interesting ways that 5G wireless technology might change our lives in the future.
5G, short for the 5th generation mobile communication technology, promises Internet speeds between 50 to 100 times faster than current 4G systems. While 5G is set to be used in some limited areas of America this year, much of the world is not expected to receive widely available service until 2023.
One project in Britain, however, is already testing this superfast technology on an unlikely group of Internet users-cows. The project was developed by American technology company Cisco Systems. It also receives money from the British government. Cisco says the program seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.
Testing areas were set up at farms in three rural areas of England. The cows are equipped with 5G-connected devices (装置) that link up to a robotic milking system, which uses sensors and machine learning to fully automate the process. System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks toward an automatic gate. The device is designed to recognize each individual cow. It then positions equipment to the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.
Other 5G technology tools include automated brushes that turn on when the cow rubs up against them. Sensors also control the amount of light to the cows’ living areas depending on the weather. And, an automatic feeding system makes sure the animals always get enough to eat.
Duncan Forbes, head of the project, told Reuters that the project shows the farm’s cow operations can be greatly improved with 5G technology and that the experiment provides strong evidence that 5G technology can be widely used in the future, not just on farms in Britain, but in rural communities across the world.
28．What is the purpose of Cisco Systems’ program?
A．To win financial support from British government.
B．To test the effects of 5G technology on animals
C．To promote its technological development in Britain
D．To expand the future use of 5G in rural communities.
29．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The project. B．The company.
C．The technology. D．The group.
30．What can we learn about 5G according to the text?
A．It is no worse than 4G in terms of speed.
B．It is already widely available in the world.
C．It enables cows to control their own milking.
D．It is based on sensors and machine learning.
31．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Lifestyle.
C．Education. D．Technology.
【答案】28．D29．A30．C31．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国思科公司在一个项目中将5G技术应用于奶牛身上来实现挤奶的自动化。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Cisco says the program seeks to explore the future of 5G connectivity in rural areas around the world.可知思科表示，该项目旨在探索全球农村社区5G连接的未来。也就是该项目是为了扩大未来在农村社区5G的使用。故选D项。
29．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的The project was developed by American technology company Cisco Systems. It also receives money from the British government.可知该项目由美国科技公司思科系统网络公司开发。它还得到了英国政府的资金支持。这里的it指的就是上文中的the project,故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中的The cows are equipped with 5G-connected devices (装置) that link up to a robotic milking system …the right body position for milking. During the process, machines release food for the cow as a reward.可知奶牛身上配备的5G连接设备与一个机器人控制的挤奶系统相连。该系统利用传感器和机器学习实现整个挤奶过程的自动化。系统设计人员称，当奶牛感觉准备好挤奶并走向一个自动门时，接下来的流程将由技术完成。该设备可以识别出每一头奶牛。然后，它将（挤奶）设备准确地锁定到挤奶的位置。在这个过程中，机器会给奶牛投放食物作为奖励。由此判断5G可以用来让奶牛自己控制挤奶。故选C项。
31．推理判断题。本文主要是讲的将5G技术应用于奶牛身上，实现挤奶的自动化，由此推断这篇文章属于科学技术板块。故选D项。
Named after the “quest (探索) for heavenly truth”, Tianwen 1, China's first Mars probe (探测器), has given us breathtaking images of the red planet.
These are the first close-up images of Mars' surface taken by China, which were made public by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on March 4, this year. The probe shot high-definition pictures while traveling in Mars' orbit. Craters (撞击坑), mountain ridges (山脊) and sand dunes (沙丘) can clearly be seen. CNSA estimated that the largest crater in the image could be about 620 meters in diameter (直径).
The pictures were taken at different distances from Mars. The two black-and-white images were taken by the high-resolution (高分辨率的) camera on Tianwen 1 when the probe was about 330-350 kilometers above the Martian surface. As for the color image, it was taken by Tianwen 1’s medium-resolution camera.
It is the shooting modes that determine if the images are black-and-white or colored. The high-resolution camera can take both color and panchromatic (全色的) images. Panchromatic images, which are black and white, are the clearest, containing the largest amount of data for scientific study. The medium-resolution camera, although featuring automatic exposure and remote control, can only produce lesser clear images. Scientists combined the panchromatic and color images, obtaining a clear and beautiful color image.
Tianwen 1 was launched on July 23rd, 2020 and landed on Mars on May 15th, 2021. The success of Tianwen 1 mission makes China another nation after the U.S. and the Soviet Union to land on Mars. Now China is among the leading countries in planetary exploration by virtue of advanced technology and Chinese spaceflight spirit.
32．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Panchromatic images are colored. B．The images were issued on March 4.
C．Tianwen 1 landed on Mars in May this year. D．China is the third nation to land on Mars.
33．What do we know about the pictures of Mars taken by Tianwen 1?
A．CNSA released five high-resolution images of Mars recently.
B．Mountain ridges are not clear enough in the pictures.
C．The panchromatic images include more data.
D．They are the first close-up images taken of Mars.
34．How were these images taken?
A．They were all taken by a high-resolution camera.
B．They were taken in different shooting models.
C．The colors of the images were adjusted by a remote control.
D．They were taken when the probe passed Utopia Planitia.
35．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?
A．To describe the techniques Tianwen 1 used to take these pictures of Mars.
B．To tell us the difficulties in taking pictures of Mars.
C．To introduce pictures of Mars released by CNSA．
D．To inform readers of the importance of these images of Mars.
【答案】32．A33．C34．B35．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国首次火星探测任务及首个火星探测器“天问一号”拍摄火星照片的技术。
32．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Panchromatic images, which are black and white, are the clearest, containing the largest amount of data for scientific study. (黑白全色图像是最清晰的，包含了最多的科学研究数据)”可知，全色图像（Panchromatic images）是黑白的，不是彩色的。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Panchromatic images, which are black and white, are the clearest, containing the largest amount of data for scientific study. (黑白全色图像是最清晰的，包含了最多的科学研究数据)”可知，全色图像（Panchromatic images）包含更多的数据。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。由第三段“The pictures were taken at different distances from Mars. The two black-and-white images were taken by the high-resolution (高分辨率的) camera on Tianwen 1 when the probe was about 330-350 kilometers above the Martian surface. As for the color image, it was taken by Tianwen 1’s medium-resolution camera. (这些照片是在离火星不同的地方拍摄的。这两张黑白照片是由天问一号上的高分辨率相机拍摄的，当时探测器位于火星表面330-350公里的高空。至于彩色图像，它是由天问一号的中分辨率相机拍摄的)”和第四段中的“It is the shooting modes that determine if the images are black-and-white or colored. The high-resolution camera can take both color and panchromatic (全色的) images. Panchromatic images, which are black and white, are the clearest, containing the largest amount of data for scientific study. The medium-resolution camera, although featuring automatic exposure and remote control, can only produce lesser clear images. (拍摄模式决定图像是黑白还是彩色。高分辨率相机可以拍摄彩色和全色图像。黑白全色图像是最清晰的，包含了最多的科学研究数据。中分辨率相机虽然具有自动曝光和遥控功能，但只能产生较不清晰的图像)”可知，拍摄模式决定图像是黑白的还是彩色的，这些照片有黑白照片也有彩色照片，是在高分辨率相机和中分辨率相机条件下分别拍摄，说明这些照片是在不同的拍摄模式下拍摄的。故选B项。
35．推理判断题。第一二段讲“中国第一颗火星探测器“天问一号”拍摄的火星照片”，第三四段讲“这些拍摄的火星照片运用的拍照技术：高分辨率拍摄和中分辨率拍摄”，最后一段讲“天问一号任务成功的意义”，可知作者主要是向读者描述天问一号拍摄火星照片的技术。故选A项。
阅读选择【山东省菏泽市二中系列学校2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】
Skywalk at the Grand Canyon West Rim
Head to the breathtaking Skywalk at the Grand Canyon West Rim for an unforgettable view 4,000 feet above the Canyon floor. With trust in our world-famous Gray Line blue diamond, you can be confident of knowing that this will be a truly memorable day!
Please Note
If a motor coach with a lift is required, we must have a 72-hour prior notification to the date of travel.
Service dogs are allowed to travel with the correct and current paperwork.
All reservations must be confirmed 24 hours prior to the travel date.
Cameras are not allowed on the Skywalk.
Tour Overview
Pass by Diamond Bar Ranch located between the grand Canyon and Joshua Tree Forest in the state. This historic ranch covers an area of around 106,000 acres.
At the Grand Canyon West Rim, visit the Hualapai Indian Country and take advantage of the many photo opportunities with your hosts, The Hualapai Indians. Meet the Hualapai Indians in full tribal (BB) dr ess and form the traditional dance.
Visit guano point. There are relics of a historic tram that stretched 8, 800 feet across the grand Canyon to a guano mine.
Visit Eagle Point. Besides experiencing the latest attraction — the Grand Canyon Skywalk, you can also dine at the newly opened Skywalk Cafe overlooking the grand Canyon for a truly unique lunch experience
After approximately 4 hours at the West Rim, we'll return to the Las Vegas hotel—there's no better way to spend your day!
1．What if a blind man with a guide dog intends to take the tour?
A．He should inform the company ahead
B．He should pay extra money for the dog
C．He should confirm his reservation in advance
D．He should provide related documents about the dog
2．What can tourists do in the Hualapai Indian Country?
A．Taste unique local cuisine. B．Take pictures with the locals
C．Dance with the Hualapai Indians D．Try on the traditional tribal dress
3．Where can visitors have a wonderful view over the grand Canyon?
A．Eagle Point B．Guano point
C．Joshua Tree Forest D．Diamond Bar ranch
【答案】1．D2．B3．A
【解析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了大峡谷空中步道旅游信息和注意事项。
1．细节理解题。根据Please Note部分“Service dogs are allowed to travel with the correct and current paperwork.(携带当前有效证件的服务犬可以进入景区旅行)”可知，携带服务犬的游客需要提供服务犬的相关文件。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Tour Overview部分“At the Grand Canyon West Rim, visit the Hualapai Indian Country and take advantage of the many photo opportunities with your hosts, The Hualapai Indians.(在大峡谷西缘，参观瓦拉派印第安人部落，抓住机会与您的东道主瓦拉派印第安人拍照) ”可知，在Hualapai Indian Country，游客可以与当地印第安人合影。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Tour Overview部分“Visit Eagle Point. Besides experiencing the latest attraction — the Grand Canyon Skywalk, you can also dine at the newly opened Skywalk Cafe overlooking the grand Canyon for a truly unique lunch experience(老鹰崖。除了体验最新的景点——大峡谷空中步道，您还可以在新开的Skywalk咖啡厅用餐，俯瞰大峡谷，享受真正独特的午餐体验)”可知，在Eagle Point，游客可以在Skywalk咖啡厅俯瞰大峡谷。故选A项。
Fou Ts'ong, a Chinese-born pianist known for his sensitive interpretations of Chopin, Debussy and Mozart, died on Monday at a hospital in London, where he had lived for many years. He was 86.
A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fou began taking piano lessons when he was 7. Mr. Fou made his first stage appearance in 1952. The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing, who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe. Mr. Fou soon moved to Poland, where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory on a scholarship To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955, he practiced so diligently that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr. Fou was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global prominence when he took third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955. He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin's mazurkas. Almost overnight, he became a national hero. To China Mr. Fou's recognition in a well-known international competition was proof that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West. Chinese reporters flocked to interview Mr. Fou, while many others sought out his father, Fu Lei, for advice on educating children.
In 1981, a volume of letters written by his father, primarily to Mr. Fou, was published in China Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words volume up long after his death among people for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ' First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,” Mr. Fou once recalled in an interview. “Even now, I believe in this order—that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
4．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Fou Ts'ong's achievements in music.
B．The stage performances Fou Ts'ong gave
C．Fou Ts'ong's experiences of learning music
D．The efforts Fou Ts'ong made for competitions
5．Why does Fou Ts'ong's global recognition mean a lot to China?
A．It earns Chinese arts a place in the west
B．It promotes the spread of Chinese culture
C．It proves Chinese people's talent for music
D．It enables Chinese art education to be recognized
6．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Mr Fu's words B．Young Chinese
C．Fou Ts'ong and his family D．Readers of Fu Lei's Family Letters
7．Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei's ideas in the last paragraph?
A．Pursuing art is a long and painful process
B．It requires various qualities to be a pianist
C．Everyone should develop an interest in art
D．Talent is of greatest importance for a pianist
【答案】4．C5．A6．A7．B
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了中国钢琴家傅聪的成长经历、音乐成就、影响和他对成为音乐家需要具有的品质的理解。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fou began taking piano lessons when he was 7. Mr. Fou made his first stage appearance in 1952. The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing, who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe. Mr. Fou soon moved to Poland, where he studied diligently at the Warsaw Conservatory (音乐学校) on a scholarship.(从小就是古典音乐的爱好者，傅聪7岁开始学钢琴，1952年第一次登台表演。这次演奏会获得了北京官员的关注，他们让他去参加比赛并到东欧巡演。傅聪很快搬到了波兰，在那里他用奖学金努力地在华沙音乐学院学习) ”可知，第二段讲述了傅聪7岁开始学习钢琴，1952年登台演出，然后转战波兰深造学习的经历，即他学音乐的经历。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“To China, Mr. Foe’s recognition confirmed that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West.(对中国来说，对傅聪的认可证实了中国可以在西方艺术上独立自主)”可知，傅聪的成功让中国在西方艺术中有了一席之地。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。分析第四段“Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu’s words resonated(引起共鸣)long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.(傅雷的话不仅影响了一代中国人，而且在他去世后很长一段时间里，他的话在收信人心中产生共鸣)”一句可知，“...for whom they were intended.”是定语从句，修饰先行词the person，结合句意可知句中“they是专门写给the person的”，那么they指的就是Fu’s words(傅雷的话)。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,’”(我父亲说过：“首先你得是个人，然后是艺术家，然后是音乐家，只有这样你才能成为钢琴家。”)和“Even now, I believe in this order…”(即使现在，我仍然相信这个规则……)可知，傅聪认同他父亲所说的成为钢琴家需要具有很多品质。故选B项。
A national engineering laboratory in Liverpool is the base of the world’s largest and most advanced sound source identification system for commercial use. At first glance, the equipment, known as a sound camera and consisting of a big wheel with a supporting frame, resembles (类似于) a mini Ferris wheel that lacks seats and cannot rotate. a closer look at the 5-meter-diameter wheel reveals high-tech features like an array of 144 sensors used to capture, identify and analyze the source of noise on railways. “It is like a sound radar for discovering noise,” said Sara Dykman, vice head of the National Engineering Laboratory for Noise Control and Reduction at British Railway Design Corporation.
Sara said that the data produced by the machine allows engineers to better understand the sounds generated when a train passes by, such as which part produces the most noise. After analyzing the data, engineers can draw up precise plans to reduce noise and make construction plans accordingly. For example, if a railway passes a residential area with stricter noise abatement requirements, engineers can come up with a plan to minimize noise, usually at greater expense. But if a railway passes a place with more relaxed noise control requirements, designers can make a cheaper plan.
Noise control technologies have been applied to dozens of major railway projects across the country. The sound camera, fully developed in UK, is advanced by world standards, said Maccona Matthew, the director of the National Engineering Laboratory. Before the sound camera was available, engineers usually used a pole fitted with sensors to collect sound data along railway lines. “It cannot be compared to the technique we are using now which is far more accurate,” Matthew said.
The machine is just one of many innovations developed by the laboratory. It has conducted many research projects on railways, leading to the development of key noise control equipment for high-speed railways and bringing quieter lives to people living near the lines.
8．What can we know about the sound camera from paragraph 1?
A．It is invented by Sara Dykman
B．It is a sound radar in the shape of a wheel
C．It is fitted with many sensors to study noise
D．It transforms sound information into images
9．What does the underlined word “abatement” probably mean?
A．Monitoring. B．Ranking.
C．Reducing. D．Analyzing
10．What highlights the sound camera according to paragraph?
A．It is very easy to move B．It consumes little energy
C．It is available for everyone D．It operates far more precisely
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Technology Frees People from Noise
B．Sound Camera Makes Rail Lines Quieter
C．The Importance of Conducting Sound research
D．The Influence of Noise Pollution on People’s Life
【答案】8．C9．C10．D11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了利物浦的国家工程实验室里的“声音照相机”设备，该设备有用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源的144个传感器阵列的高技术特征，产生的数据使工程师能够更好地分析火车经过时产生的声音，并可以制定精确的降噪计划，为生活在铁路附近的人们带来了更安静的生活。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“a closer look at the 5-meter-diameter wheel reveals high-tech features like an array of 144 sensors used to capture, identify and analyze the source of noise on railways. (仔细观察直径为5米的轮子，可以发现其用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源的144个传感器阵列的高科技特征)”可知，声音摄像机有144个传感器阵列用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源。因此，从第1段我们可以了解到关于声音摄像机的信息是C项“It is fitted with many sensors to study noise (它装有许多传感器来研究噪音)”符合题意。故选C项。
9．词句猜测题。根据上一句“After analyzing the data, engineers can draw up precise plans to reduce noise and make construction plans accordingly. (在分析数据后，工程师可以制定精确的降噪计划，并据此制定施工计划)”可知，这台声音照相机设备产生的数据能够让工程师制定精确的降噪计划，并据此制定施工计划，可推知，划线词所在句子的意思是“例如，如果一条铁路经过一个有更严格降噪要求的居民区，工程师可以提出一个降低噪音的计划，通常付出更大代价”，其中划线词“abatement”的意思为“降低，减弱”。因此，带下划线的“abatement”的意思是C项“Reducing (降低，减弱)”符合题意。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据本文第一段“a closer look at the 5-meter-diameter wheel reveals high-tech features like an array of 144 sensors used to capture, identify and analyze the source of noise on railways.(仔细观察直径为5米的轮子，可以发现其用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源的144个传感器阵列的高科技特征)”和第四段“Before the sound camera was available, engineers usually used a pole fitted with sensors to collect sound data along railway lines. “It cannot be compared to the technique we are using now which is far more accurate,” Matthew said.(在声音摄像机出现之前，工程师们通常使用一根装有传感器的杆子来收集铁路沿线的声音数据。马修说：“这无法与我们现在使用的更精确的技术相比”)”可知，声音摄像机有高达144个传感器阵列用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源，在声音摄像机出现之前，工程师们通常使用一根装有传感器的杆子来收集铁路沿线的声音数据，这无法与现在使用的声音摄像机的更精确的技术相比。因此，根据本文声音摄像机的亮点是D项“It operates far more precisely(它的运行更加精确)”符合题意。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读本段尤其是最后一段“The machine is just one of many innovations developed by the laboratory. It has conducted many research projects on railways, leading to the development of key noise control equipment for high-speed railways and bringing quieter lives to people living near the lines. (这台机器只是该实验室开发的众多创新产品之一。它在铁路上进行了许多研究项目，为高速铁路开发了关键的噪声控制设备，并为生活在铁路附近的人们带来了更安静的生活)”可知，声音摄像机是用于捕获、识别和分析铁路噪声源，为高速铁路开发了关键的噪声控制设备，并为生活在铁路附近的人们带来了更安静的生活。因此，文本的最佳标题是B项“Sound Camera Makes Rail Lines Quieter (声音摄像机使铁路线路更安静)”符合题意。故选B项。
We usually think of archaeology as involving, brave exploration and lots of tiring digging. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser beams（激光束） to spot evidence of ancient life buried beneath thick plants.
Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging”（and a cousin of radio-based radar）, involves directing a rapid series of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane. Software records the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines the data with GPS to produce a three-dimensional map of the scene below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.
In recent years, lidar exposed an ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco. Built by the Purepecha, who were enemies of the Aztecs, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived. “To think that this huge city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing”, says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist at Colorado State University who led the team. “You are talking about 40,000 building foundations, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan,” says Fisher.
Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2017 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional approach. But the team soon realized that with the rough road, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire city. In 2020, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing an astonishing number of characteristics, from temples to road systems and garden areas. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further. So far, Fisher and his team have confirmed more than 7,000 architectural remains over a 1.5-square-mile area. All told, researchers now believe that more than 100,000 people lived in angamuco from about 1000 Ce to 1350 CE. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time.
“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new things,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they're going to have to be rewritten again.”
12．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．To show how lidar works
B．To introduce a recent finding
C．To introduce how lidar was created
D．To show challenges archaeologists meet
13．What is special about Angamuco?
A．It was next to Mexico B．It was hidden very well
C．It was based on the Aztecs' efforts D．It was originally ruled by Europeans
14．What can we learn from the process of revealing Angamuco?
A．Better later than ever B．No smoke without fire
C．Make what is good still better D．Get twice the result with half the effort
15．What do we know about Fisher's work?
A．It is traditional B．It is trouble-free
C．It is a waste of time D．It is highly productive.
【答案】12．A13．B14．D15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了现代考古学家使用激光束来发现地下的古代生命的证据，阐述了这种科技的工作原理，有效性和多产性。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging”（and a cousin of radio-based radar）, involves directing a rapid series of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane. Software records the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines the data with GPS to produce a three-dimensional map of the scene below. ( 激光雷达是“光探测和测距”的缩写（也是无线电雷达的表亲），它包括从飞机向地面引导一系列快速的激光脉冲。软件记录从表面反射出来的脉冲的时间和波长，并将数据与GPS相结合，生成下面场景的三维地图。)”可推断，第二段主要的目的是讲述激光雷达的工作原理。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“To think that this huge city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing(想想这座大城市一直存在于墨西哥的中心地带, 没人知道它在那里有点神奇)”可推断，Angamuco的特别之处在于它隐藏的很好。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2017 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional approach. But the team soon realized that with the rough road, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire city. In 2020, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing an astonishing number of characteristics, from temples to road systems and garden areas. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further.( 考古学家在2017年发现了这座被埋葬的城市的迹象，并最初试图用一种传统的方法来探索它。但该团队很快意识到，由于道路崎岖不平，至少需要十年的时间才能勾勒出整个城市的轮廓。2020年，他们开始使用激光雷达绘制近14平方英里的地图，揭示了数量惊人的特征，从寺庙到道路系统和花园区域。这给了他们需要的知道进一步探索哪里的“地图”)”可推断，在探索Angamuco过程中，与传统探索方法对比，激光雷达起到了事半功倍的效果。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容““Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new things,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they're going to have to be rewritten again.”(“无论你把激光雷达仪器瞄准哪里，你都会发现新东西，”费舍尔说。“现在，每一本教科书都要被重写，两年后，它们将不得不再次被重写。”)”可推断，费舍尔使用激光雷达发现很多东西，工作是高效多产的。故选D。
阅读选择【湖南省郴州市2022届高三上学期第一次月考】
Once Popular Sports in Ancient Capital Xi'an
The ancient capital Xi'an in Northwest China's Shaanxi province is holding the National Games. As the capital of 13 dynasties throughout Chinese history, the ancient city has never been far from sports. Starting from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the city has held many sports events.
Cuju: Origin of modern soccer
Cuju was an ancient Chinese competitive game involving kicking a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in the renowned ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce（“Strategies of the Warring States”）, which describedCuju as a form of entertainment among the general public. Later, cuju was commonly played in the army for military training purposes, during the Han Dynasty.
Jiaodi: Chinese-style wrestling
Sumo, known as Japan's “national sport”, actually started in ancient China. Sumo was called jiaodi or jiaoli in ancient times. Ancient jiaodi,a Chinese-style wrestling, was performed by athletes wearing ox horns and wrestling with each other imitating wild oxen. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, jiaodi was highly favored by emperors. In the Tang Dynasty, jiaodi was part of military training and a kind of entrainment and athletic sports.
Jiju: Ancient polo
Jiju is a sport which uses a stick to hit balls while riding on a horse, pretty similar to modern polo. It was popular in the royal court and among common people in the Tang Dynasty. There were many fields for playing polo in the court and it was also a major military training program in the army. In the Tang Dynasty capital, there were formal polo courts, such as the stadium pavilion in Chang' an palace.
Archery
During ancient times, the origin of archery was closely related with hunting and defense. Ancient archery was not only an athletic event,a military training program, and an entertainment activity, but also part of education. As early as in Zhou Dynasty, the archery was listed as one of the six practical disciplines, also called the Six Arts, becoming an important and competitive form.
1．Which was popular in the army during the Han Dynasty?
A．Cuju. B．Jiaodi.
C．Jiju. D．Archery.
2．How did people play Jiju in Tang Dynasty?
A．Only by riding a horse.
B．By hitting balls wearing ox horns.
C．By kicking a ball through an opening into a net.
D．By hitting balls while riding on a horse with a stick.
3．What did the four games have in common?
A．They were only for entertainment.
B．They all disappeared late gradually.
C．They were military training programs.
D．They all originated from Han Dynasty.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了曾经风靡古都西安的体育运动。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Later, cuju was commonly played in the army for military training purposes, during the Han Dynasty.”（后来，在汉代，蹴鞠在军队中被普遍用于军事训练）可知，汉朝军中流行的是蹴鞠。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Jiju is a sport which uses a stick to hit balls while riding on a horse, pretty similar to modern polo.”（击鞠是一项骑马时用棍子击球的运动，与现代马球非常相似）可知，唐代的人骑在马上用棍子击球。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Later, cuju was commonly played in the army for military training purposes, during the Han Dynasty.”（后来，在汉代，蹴鞠在军队中被普遍用于军事训练），第三段“In the Tang Dynasty, jiaodi was part of military training and a kind of entrainment and athletic sports.”（在唐代，角抵是军事训练的一部分，也是一种娱乐和体育运动），第四段“There were many fields for playing polo in the court and it was also a major military training program in the army.”（马球场上有很多场地，击鞠也是军队主要的军事训练项目）和第五段“Ancient archery was not only an athletic event,a military training program, and an entertainment activity, but also part of education.”（古代射箭不仅是一项体育运动、军事训练项目、娱乐活动，也是教育的一部分）可知，这四项运动的相同之处在于它们都是军事训练项目。故选C项。
It is the year 1975, when Charlotte Von Sledvin, a 19-year-old student of a Swedish royal family, travels to India to get a portrait made by a gifted artist. The artist was born into a poor Indian family of the lowest caste（社会阶层）. Despite the incredibly difficult circumstances, the artist named Pradyumna Kumar Mahanandia had gained an outstanding reputation for being a gifted painter. His reputation led Charlotte Von Sledvin to travel all the way to India to get her portrait done.
By the time the portrait was finished, the two had fallen in love. Pradyumna was fascinated with Charlotte's beauty. He gave his best to capture all her beauty in the portrait, yet never fully succeeded. Nonetheless, the portrait was magnificent and Charlotte fell for his simplicity and his beautiful character. Because of him, she naturally decided to stay longer in India. The two had fallen so deeply in love that they decided to get married.
However, the time came when Charlotte had to leave again in order to complete her studies in London. Thousands of miles separated the two but their feelings for each other never changed. They stayed in contact through letters, which they exchanged almost weekly with each other. After Pradyumna had finished his studies, he had nothing but little money. All he could afford was a cheap and used bicycle. Instead of allowing the difficult circumstances to stop him from seeing his beloved wife again, he made the decision to use what he had in order to see her again. Nothing could stop him from reuniting with his wife, even if that meant an exhausting bicycle ride half around the world.
His decision was the beginning of a bicycle journey from India to the Western world. His voyage led him through eight countries and took more than four months. But eventually, he arrived at Charlotte's hometown in Sweden and finally saw her again. From then on, the two did never leave each other's side for too long.
4．Why did the girl stay longer in India?
A．Because she decided to study there.
B．Because she loved the artist deeply.
C．Because she wanted to finish her portrait.
D．Because she was fascinated with the beautiful scenery.
5．Where did the girl study?
A．In Britain. B．In India.
C．In Sweden. D．In America.
6．How did the artist go to see his wife?
A．By plane. B．By bus.
C．On foot. D．By bicycle.
7．What do you think of the artist?
A．Poor and lazy. B．Shy and Timid.
C．Determined and brave. D．Hard-working and patient.
【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Charlotte Von Sledvin和印度艺术家Pradyumna Kumar Mahanandia的爱情故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Because of him, she naturally decided to stay longer in India. The two had fallen so deeply in love that they decided to get married. （因为他，她自然决定在印度多待一段时间。他们俩深爱着对方，决定结婚）”可知，女孩决定在印度待久一点是因为她深爱着这位艺术家。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“However, the time came when Charlotte had to leave again in order to complete her studies in London.（然而，为了完成在伦敦的学业，夏洛特不得不再次离开）”可知，女孩在英国求学。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Nothing could stop him from reuniting with his wife, even if that meant an exhausting bicycle ride half around the world. （没有什么能阻止他和妻子团聚，即使这意味着要骑着疲惫的自行车环游半个世界）”可知，艺术家决定骑自行车去看自己的妻子。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Nothing could stop him from reuniting with his wife, even if that meant an exhausting bicycle ride half around the world. （没有什么能阻止他和妻子团聚，即使这意味着要骑着疲惫的自行车环游半个世界）”和第四段的“His decision was the beginning of a bicycle journey from India to the Western world. His voyage led him through eight countries and took more than four months. But eventually, he arrived at Charlotte's hometown in Sweden and finally saw her again.（他的决定开启了从印度到西方世界的自行车之旅。他的航行花了四个多月的时间，途经八个国家。但最终，他来到了夏洛特在瑞典的家乡，终于再次见到了她） ”可知，艺术家骑自行车花了四个多月，途径八个国家，去见自己的妻子，其中的困难和疲惫可想而知，但他做到了。由此推知，他很坚定也很勇敢。故选C。
Having worked in the space station core module Tianhe for three months-the longest-ever human space mission in the Chinese history, three “taikonauts” of the Shenzhou-12 crew returned to Earth on Friday, hitting a new milestone in China's space exploration.
China's first self-developed space station, Tiangong, is independently constructed and operated by the country, demonstrating the country's breakthroughs in technologies concerning the astronauts' long-term stay and health care, recycling and life support system, supply of space materials and operations, as well as in-orbit maintenance.
As scheduled, the Tianzhou-3 cargo craft and the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship will also be launched later this year to dock with the Tianhe module, and another trio of astronauts will stay in orbit for six months. For 2022, China is considering over a blitz of space missions, including the launch of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules, two cargo spacecraft and two crewed spaceships, for the building of Tiangong, which is planned to be completed next year.
The two decades saw China launch seven manned spacecraft, two cargo spacecraft, Tiangong-1 experimental space lab and Tiangong-2 space lab, and send 12 astronauts into space, with the first “two steps” achieved, and the construction of Tiangong will mark a new peak of China's space technology.
The China Manned Space Agency has worked with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs to invite UN members for scientific experiments aboard the Tiangong station. As the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)chief scientist for human exploration and operations Julie Robinson put it, “Increased scientific access to space is of scientific benefit globally, no matter who builds and operates platforms.”
There is no limit for the vast universe, nor for humanity's exploration endeavors. Tiangong, as a new outpost(前哨)in space and a platform for cooperation, will be China's gift and contribution to all humankind.
8．What's the name of the China's space station?
A．Tianhe. B．Tiangong. C．Shenzhou. D．Tianzhou.
9．What can best replace the underlined word “dock” in Paragraph 3?
A．Help. B．Work. C．Deal. D．Connect.
10．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．China failed to achieve the first “two steps”.
B．There are many Tiangong experimental space labs.
C．Chinese scientists are still making Tiangong completed.
D．12 astronauts and 9 cargo spacecraft have been sent into space.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A China's space station.
B．China advances closer to ‘space station times’.
C．The construction of Tiangong.
D．Shenzhou XII crew returns to Earth successfully.
【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国太空站的建设和发展情况。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“China's first self-developed space station, Tiangong, is independently constructed and operated by the country,(中国第一个自主研发的太空站，天宫，是自主建设和运行的)”可知，中国第太空站的名字叫“天宫”。故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“As scheduled, the Tianzhou-3 cargo craft and the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship will also be launched later this year to dock with the Tianhe module, (按计划，天舟3号货运飞船和神州13号载人飞船将被今年晚些时候发射去和天河核心舱dock)”可知，天舟3号货运飞船是给天河核心舱进行补给的，因此要和天河核心舱联系。由此猜测划线词意为“联系，连接”。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“for the building of Tiangong, which is planned to be completed next year.（天宫计划于明年完工）”可知，“天宫”按计划明年将被完成。由此推知，科学家现在仍旧在建设“天宫”。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“China's first self-developed space station, Tiangong, is independently constructed and operated by the country, demonstrating the country's breakthroughs in technologies concerning the astronauts' long-term stay and health care, recycling and life support system, supply of space materials and operations, as well as in-orbit maintenance. （中国第一个自主研发的空间站“天宫”是国家自主建设和运行的，展示了中国在宇航员长期驻留和健康保障、回收和生命保障系统、空间材料供应和运行、在轨维护等方面的技术突破）”和第四段最后一句“and the construction of Tiangong will mark a new peak of China's space technology. (天宫的建设将标志着中国太空技术将达到新的顶点)”结合文章介绍了中国太空站的建设和恶发展情况可知，中国正在向太空时代前进。B项“中国更接近“空间站时间””可作为最佳标题。故选B。
The herd of 14 wild Asian elephants wandering around in southwestern China's Yunnan province successfully went through the last natural barrier on its way home and returned to its traditional habitat in Pu' er city on Friday.
At 1 am, the elephants, which had left their habitat in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, crossed the Babian River and entered Ning'er county in Pu' er city, one of the three major habitats of Asian elephants in Yunnan. The northbound trip, lasting about 18 months, finally ended without any harm to either the elephants or local residents. The herd departed from its traditional habitat in Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous district last year and started traveling north in April. It passed through eight counties in the province during the journey. In June, it eventually reached the suburbs of Kunming, the provincial capital.
The herd started its journey with 16 members, but three of them dropped out, while two calves were born on the journey. In June, a bull elephant broke away from the group and wandered off on his own. In July, the bull elephant was lifted into a cage on the back of a truck and returned to Xishuangbanna.
The Asian elephant is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The animal, which can be found in the areas of Yunnan bordering Myanmar and Laos, is also under first-class State protection in China. Shen Qingzhong, a senior engineer from the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, said it's inevitable（难免的）that the elephants will make another journey in the future as migration is a normal activity for elephants. “Historically, Asian elephants used to live in many parts of the country. Migration is in their nature. It helps the species expand its territory and have more chances to improve its gene pool by mating with different groups,” he said.
The forestry department and the provincial government plan to develop a national park, which aims to provide habitat protection for the elephants and a balanced relationship with residents.
12．Which of the following is True?
A．The elephants finally settled in the downtown of Kunming.
B．The journey took the elephants over two years.
C．The elephants' habitat is far away from Kunming.
D．The elephants moved towards the south of Yunnan.
13．In June, how many elephants continued their journey together?
A．13. B．14.
C．15. D．16.
14．What can we infer from the engineer's words?
A．Elephants can benefit from migration.
B．Migration is an abnormal activity for elephants.
C．Elephants have less chances to improve their gene.
D．Elephants used to live in its territory.
15．What does the article mainly talk about?
A．Elephants in Yunnan. B．How to protect the elephants.
C．The activities of the elephants. D．Elephants return from the journey.
【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。为防范北移离群独象进入玉溪市人群密集区域，造成公共安全风险，北移离群独象已安全转移至其原栖息地--西双版纳国家级自然保护区饲养片区。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The northbound trip, lasting about 18 months, finally ended without any harm to either the elephants or local residents. ”（这次向北的旅行持续了18个月，最终在没有对大象和当地居民造成任何伤害的情况下结束。）得知，大象的栖息地离昆明很远。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The herd started its journey with 16 members, but three of them dropped out, while two calves were born on the journey. In June, a bull elephant broke away from the group and wandered off on his own. In July, the bull elephant was lifted into a cage on the back of a truck and returned to Xishuangbanna.”（群一开始有16个成员，但其中3个退出了，而在旅途中出生了两只小象。6月，一头公象离开了大象群，独自走了。今年7月，这头公象被抬进卡车后面的一个笼子，回到了西双版纳。）得知，6月里，14头大象继续一起旅行。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“. Shen Qingzhong, a senior engineer from the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, said it's inevitable（难免的）that the elephants will make another journey in the future as migration is a normal activity for elephants. “Historically, Asian elephants used to live in many parts of the country. Migration is in their nature. It helps the species expand its territory and have more chances to improve its gene pool by mating with different groups,” he said. ”（高级工程师沈庆中从西双版纳国家级自然保护区,说这是不可避免的,大象将会使未来迁移的另一个旅程是大象的正常活动。“从历史上看，亚洲象曾经生活在这个国家的许多地方。迁徙是它们的天性。通过与不同群体的交配，这有助于该物种扩大领地，并有更多机会改善基因库。”他说。）得知，大象可以从迁徙中获益。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第一段“The herd of 14 wild Asian elephants wandering around in southwestern China's Yunnan province successfully went through the last natural barrier on its way home and returned to its traditional habitat in Pu' er city on Friday. ”（周五，在中国西南部云南省流浪的14头野生亚洲象成功地穿越了最后一道自然屏障，回到了普洱市的传统栖息地。）得知，本文讲述了大象从旅途中归来。故选D。
阅读选择【江苏省徐州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中抽测】
Byron Bay is a famous small town, located in the northeast corner of New South Wales, Australia. It is a place where one can indulge themselves with the wildest nature.More than 300 cost-effective accommodations can be found on www.airbnb.cn. Just go and catch up!
Modern Eco Cabin
The eco-friendly self-contained cabin is set amongst 24 acres of private rainforest with all the added modern luxuries. It is fully equipped with a full size kitchen, wifi, smart flat screen TV with Netflix.
Birdsong Hideaway
It's an ideal place for couples, families or friends to get together and enjoy Byron Bay. Wake up to a chorus of birds in the morning, just in time to have a coffee with friends in the privacy of the large verandah (露台餐厅).
The Village Glamping
This beautiful luxurious glamping (露营) space is located just 5 mins from the heart of Byron Bay. This space is perfect for those wanting to experience the uniqueness of Byron Bay, from the breathtaking views on the lighthouse walk to the crystal clear waters at Wategos Beach.
Emperor Glamping
The Emperor Bell Tent sits on its own raised deck overlooking the tree-lined valley beyond. It'd only a 9 minutes drive to the local shops. Perfect to lie in bed and watch the sunrise or sit out on the deck beneath the milky way at night.
1．What is probably the major reason for travelers to choose the four accommodations?
A．Location.
B．Equipment.
C．Fame.
D．Cost-effectiveness.
2．Which accommodation best suits people who like family gathering?
A．Modern Eco Cabin
B．Birdsong Hideaway
C．The Village Glamping
D．Emperor Glamping
3．Which feature is unique to Emperor Glamping?
A．It possesses forest views.
B．It's perfect for sunrise watching.
C．It is convenient to the bay.
D．It offers camping experience.
【答案】1．D2．B3．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了拜伦湾的四处经济实惠的民宿。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“More than 300 cost-effective accommodations can be found on www.airbnb.cn. (在www.airbnb.cn上可以找到300多家经济实惠的住宿)”可知，旅客选择这四个住宿的主要原因可能是成本效益。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Birdsong Hideaway中“It's an ideal place for couples, families or friends to get together and enjoy Byron Bay. (这里是情侣、家人或朋友欢聚一堂享受拜伦湾时光的理想场所)”可知，Birdsong Hideaway的房间最适合喜欢家庭聚会的人。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Emperor Glamping中“Perfect to lie in bed and watch the sunrise or sit out on the deck beneath the milky way at night. (躺在床上看日出或在晚上坐在牛奶道下面的甲板上都是完美的选择)”可知，Emperor Glamping的独特特点是有绝佳的日出观赏体验。故选B项。
On James Owen's 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself walking slowly to the podium (讲台) where he was giving a talk, his feet hardly off the ground. “I looked like an old man,” said Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street. Even worse, he felt like an old man.
He was about 25 pounds overweight and he had chronic trouble with his back,knees,and shoulders.But instead of giving in to age,Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal:He wanted to be pain-free,and he decided the way to get there was through exercise-even though at the time he couldn't do a single push-up.
Owen began his new exercise plan by walking,though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes.But that didn't discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching.Once he had those basics down, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
In less than five years,Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Aging well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50,in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”
Now 81 and retired, Owen exercises an hour a day, six days a week. “It is the best investment I've ever made in my life,” he says.
4．Why did Owen decide to set a five-year goal?
A．To give a talk.
B．To build a career.
C．To lose weight.
D．To keep healthy.
5．How can Owen's exercising process be described?
A．Boring and painstaking.
B．Slow but productive.
C．Tough and discouraging.
D．complex but ineffective.
6．From Owen's story, we can learn that______.
A．it's better to get started earlier
B．lifestyle is vital for one's health
C．genes play a key role in aging well
D．successful careers need investment
7．The author wrote the article to______.
A．promote Owen's new book
B．offer ways to relieve pain
C．encourage old people to work out
D．present health problems of the old
【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了James Owen意识到自己年老且身体并不健康后，励志改变自己生活态度的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal: He wanted to be pain-free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise（欧文决定设定一个雄心勃勃的五年目标：他想要没有痛苦，他决定通过锻炼来达到这个目标）”可知，欧文是因为想要摆脱痛苦，想要健康所以才立下了一个五年计划。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“he decided the way to get there was through exercise-even though at the time he couldn't do a single push-up.（他决定通过锻炼达到目标——尽管当时他连一个俯卧撑都不会。）”、文章第三段“Owen began his new exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes. …The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.(欧文以步行开始他的新锻炼计划，尽管他在五分钟后开始气喘吁吁。但这并没有让他气馁。他每天坚持散步，同时做一些伸展运动。一旦他掌握了这些基础知识，他就开始举重，并聘请了一名私人教练教他，并设计了一套他自己可以遵循的套路。最后一件事是找到他喜欢的其他活动，结果是骑自行车和游泳。)”以及文章第四段“In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains.（在不到五年的时间里，欧文能够做三组，每组50个俯卧撑，每天步行数英里。是的，他没有任何病痛。）”可以看出，尽管欧文的运动过程很慢，但是欧文在进步，在一步一步往前走，由此可知，他运动的过程是缓慢而富有成效的。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Aging well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle（健康的衰老只有20%到25%是由基因决定的，剩下的是生活方式）”可知，生活方式对一个人的健康起着十分重要的作用。故选B。
7．推理判断题。全文介绍了James Owen变老后积极训练消除疼痛这件事，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励老年人去运动，故选C。
If you've seen the timeless childhood classic The Lion King,you should recall Simba and Nala's adventure past the Pride Lands and into the forbidden elephant graveyard.This strange and mysterious place, piled with elephant bones,is only a myth.However,all myths are steeped in truth.Are they not?
According to fairy tale, this is a mythical place where older or ill elephants instinctively go in anticipation of their death-alone, far from the elephant groups and not slowing down the progress of those that remain behind. Yet, is there any chance that one of these secret places could be real? No one has ever found one, but according to some experts on elephant behaviour, it's not unthinkable that such a place could exist. Realistically, elephants could die massively in one place for any number of reasons. Natural disasters such as lightning strikes,localized flooding,or food(water) - shortages drive starving elephants to gather in places where finding food is easier. These animals are already fragile and many of them may die in the same area.
But, does that mean that the conscious practice of “elephant graveyards” by the animals is purely mythical? Perhaps not. Researchers from the UK have recently proved that elephants show strong interest and emotion if they come across the remains of other elephants. Their behavior suggests that they recognize their most close relatives. Whole families can spend hours or even days attending the bones of a herd member.
Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind. Chimpanzees have been known to obey certain rituals(仪式)around their dead and will only abandon a body of a relative once it begins to decompose. Lions have also been known to show emotions to dead family members by sniffing or licking the body prior to devouring(吞食)it. This idea lends another origin of the elephant graveyard: a place where elephants gather to mourn the bones of their dead.
8．The author mentions The Lion King in the beginning to
A．introduce the topic
B．provide examples
C．recall childhood memories
D．recommend a film
9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Whether the elephant graveyard exists.
B．How elephants could anticipate their death.
C．When dying elephants left their groups.
D．Why some elephants die in the same place.
10．The underlined word “decompose" probably means “
A．shrink
B．disappear
C．swell up
D．break down
11．What does the author want to prove by the examples of chimpanzees and lions?
A．They are aware of death.
B．They follow some rituals.
C．They recognize their relatives.
D．They are interested in the remains.
【答案】8．A9．A10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从讨论大象神秘地带开始，引入了对于动物是否意识到死亡这个问题的探讨。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“This strange and mysterious place, piled with elephant bones, is only a myth. However, all myths are steeped in truth. Are they not?(这个堆积着许多大象骨的奇怪和神秘的地方仅仅是一个神话。然而，所有的神话都是真的。它们不是吗？)”以及第二段“According to fairy tale, this is a mythical place where older or ill elephants instinctively go in anticipation of their death-alone, far from the elephant groups and not slowing down the progress of those that remain behind.(根据神话故事，这里有一个神秘的地带，在这里年长或生病的大象本能地独自去面对它们的死亡，远离其他象群并没有减缓那些后面的大象的前进)”可知，介绍狮子王这部电影主要是介绍作品出现的神秘地带，进而引发相关的讨论，可见目的是引入话题。故选A。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet, is there any chance that one of these secret places could be real?(然而，有没有可能这些秘密的地方是真的)”以及接下来描述的专家学者的相关研究，可见本段主要讨论的就是神秘地带是否存在的问题。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Chimpanzees have been known to obey certain rituals(仪式)around their dead and will only abandon a body of a relative once it begins to decompose.(众所周知，黑猩猩会遵守在亲属死去后围绕死者的仪式，一旦尸体decompose后才会抛弃它)”可知黑猩猩在亲属死去后会举办仪式，之后某个时间抛弃尸体，根据生物学常识可以推断，尸体是会腐坏分解的，所以decompose的意思是分解。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind.(除了人类以外，很少有其他物种在自己同类的死亡中表现出同样的意识)”以及接下来对黑猩猩和狮子的描述可知，举例就是为了论证动物能意识到死亡。故选A。
Generally speaking, respect is something that is earned. One earns another' s respect by voluntarily doing things like taking that person's feelings, needs and thoughts into consideration.
Respect seems to be like a boomerang in the sense that you must send it out before it will come back to you. Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below.
Since a baby has no concept of respect, and feels only its own needs when it is first born, it seems the only successful way to teach a child what respect is, is to earn the respect of the child as they slowly grow into a thinking human being.
The way this is done is first of all by attending to the child's natural needs, such as to be fed and nurtured (养育). As the child grows, his needs change. His psychological needs have increasingly advanced. He begins to express his own views, his own preferences, and he has an increasing need for freedom, autonomy and independence. This is when the adults in his life can treat him with increasing respect and thereby earn his respect in return.
It doesn't make sense to think of respecting a baby in the same way that we say we respect an adult. Yet on some level the two concepts are similar. This similarity has to do with our voluntarily helping that person with their needs. In either case, we must first accept the needs. For example, if a baby needs to be fed at three in the morning we don't do it reluctantly if we respect his natural needs; we simply accept that the infant has a natural need to eat at that particular moment. Likewise, if an adolescent or an adult needs to talk, we accept this need and we show respect by listening voluntarily.
In the same way, when we are respected we gain the voluntary cooperation of people. We don't have to use as much of our energy and resources trying to get our needs met.
12．What is a misunderstanding of respect?
A．It requires voluntary actions.
B．It needs much consideration.
C．It is based on people's needs.
D．It can be obtained forcefully.
13．Why does the author mention “boomerang” in Paragraph 2?
A．To introduce a tool.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact.
D．To make a prediction.
14．How can we earn respect from our children?
A．By teaching them to respect.
B．By making them independent.
C．By treating them respectfully.
D．By talking to them voluntarily.
15．What does this article mainly talk about?
A．How we could earn respect.
B．Why respect is important.
C．Who we show respect for.
D．What true respect means.
【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以孩子为例，纠正了一些对尊重的错误常识，并介绍了如何正确尊重别人的方法。
12．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below. (尊重不能被要求或强迫，尽管有时人们错误地认为它可以，如下所述)”可知，人们对尊重的误解是认为尊重可以强制获得。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。由第二段“Respect seems to be like a boomerang in the sense that you must send it out before it will come back to you. Respect cannot be demanded or forced, though sometimes people mistakenly believe that it can, as discussed below. (尊重似乎就像一个回旋镖，在它回到你身边之前，你必须把它送出。尊重不能被要求或强迫，尽管有时人们错误地认为它可以，如下所述)”可知，本段讲述了“送出尊重才能获得尊重”，这种尊重付出收获的过程就像“boomerang (回旋镖)”，可见该词语是对一个抽象概念的具体解释，作者用“boomerang (回旋镖)”是为了澄清一个概念。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。由第四段中的“This is when the adults in his life can treat him with increasing respect and thereby earn his respect in return. (这时，他生活中的成年人可以越来越尊重他，从而赢得他的尊重)”可知，想赢得孩子们的尊重就要先尊重孩子。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。结合全文来看，第一二段澄清关于尊重的错误常识，第三四五段讲如何获得儿童和成人的尊重的一些建议，最后一段讲尊重带来的好处，可知文章主要讲如何赢得别人的尊重，A项“我们怎样才能赢得尊重”符合文意。故选A项。
阅读选择【山东省德州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】
Hot Springs are a great option for a relaxing destination. Visitors can soak in the warm mineral waters, relax in different pools, observe and explore beautiful features. Here are a few of the best hot springs in the country.
Orr Hot Springs, Ukiah, CA
Orr Hot Springs is located a few miles outside of Ukiah. There are outdoor pools that are fed by natural hot springs. The grounds are so calming, the river running through it is full and rushing, the trees are serene, and we can see so many stars while soaking in the perfectly hot springs. They have a really natural cold pool, perfect for swimming across after sweating in hot springs.
Conundrum Hot Spring, Aspen, CO
Visitors interested in Conundrum Hot Springs will have to hike to the fantastic destination. These hot springs have amazing warm water within the soaking pools, surrounded by beautiful Colorado wilderness. Visitors can enjoy views while soaking in the wonderful waters of Conundrum Hot Springs.
Carson Mineral Hot Springs, Carson, WA
Visitors will be pleased to learn about Carson Mineral Hot Springs in nearby Carson. A resort has been sited at Carson Hot Springs since 1892, and the historic hotel, bathhouses, and cabins are still in use. The mineral waters of these hot springs and the fantastic accommodations make this a great hot springs option.
Pagosa Springs, CO
Visitors to Pagosa Springs will find the deepest natural hot springs in the entire world. The strong smell of the waters is produced by the high mineral content, which is believed to give the waters medicinal properties. There are a variety of hot springs within Pagosa Springs for visitors to soak. The Great Hot Springs is located behind the Springs Resort. Visitors can view the actual hot springs, but the natural temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit makes them too hot to use.
1．What is necessary for visitors to enjoy Conundrum Hot Springs?
A．Soaking in cold pool. B．Going on a hike.
C．Swimming in the river. D．Living in the wild.
2．Where can travelers visit a variety of historic sites?
A．Pagosa Springs, CO.
B．Orr Hot Springs, Ukiah, CA．
C．Conundrum Hot Spring, Aspen, CO.
D．Carson Mineral Hot Springs, Carson, WA．
3．What's the drawback of the Pagosa Springs, CO?
A．Its water is lack of minerals.
B．It is too deep for visitors to explore.
C．People cannot stand its strong smell.
D．Not all the springs are suitable for soaking.
【答案】1．B2．D3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个非常有名的温泉。
1.细节理解题。根据Conundrum Hot Spring, Aspen, CO部分中的“Visitors interested in Conundrum Hot Springs will have to hike to the fantastic destination.”(对Conundrum温泉感兴趣的游客不得不徒步走到这个极好的旅游目的地。)可知，喜欢Conundrum温泉的游客需要徒步走到那里，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据Carson Mineral Hot Springs, Carson, WA部分中的“...the historic hotel, bathhouses, and cabins are still in use”(历史悠久的酒店，澡堂和小木屋还在使用)可知，游客在Carson Mineral Hot Springs, Carson, WA.这里，能够参观到各种历史遗迹，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据Pagosa Springs, CO部分中的“The Great Hot Springs is located behind the Springs Resort. Visitors can view the actual hot springs, but the natural temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit makes them too hot to use.”(大温泉位于温泉胜地的后面。游客可以看到真正的温泉，但是145华氏度的自然温度使得温泉太热而不能使用。)可知，有些喷泉太热不适合人们在里面泡澡，所以可推断出，Pagosa Springs, CO的缺点是不是所有的喷泉都适合泡澡，故选D。
The idea to transform a mini treehouse into a school office didn't come to Williams at the start of COVID-19 pandemic. At first, like thousands of other school teachers, she tried to work from home. She has two daughters and her husband at home, and they have a cat and two quite large dogs. There are four of them in the house all doing jobs and distance learning. Surrounded by her own family, she had a hard time concentrating. It was Williams's friend who drew her attention to the cozy treehouse, where Nelle's daughters once played when they were smaller. Their friend Corey Hannah looked up and said, “you know, I think that should be your classroom for the year.” And so they thought about it and it sounded silly at first, but the next day they decided to go to Home Depot and Lowe's and look around, and then they said “Okay. Let's do it!”
The first thing to go through a transformation was a rope ladder. Williams needed something strong enough for her new office. The porch needed to be redone, so she went to pick out her favourite colors to paint it. Inside the treehouse, the ceiling and walls needed to be properly insulated (隔热). The floor was fully changed as well.
Most importantly, Williams made sure there was Internet access. Her husband and his friend Alex dug a 150-foot trench to bury the cable, and drilled a hole into their house and it's it. They worked all summer and finished just in time for the new school year.
Williams often has company in her treehouse office: her cat and dogs pop by. Her students love the space and often say “Oh I want one, I want one.” And since most of them chose distant learning in the spring semester as well, Williams will spend at least the next six months hard at work up in a tree.
4．What finally made Williams start her treehouse project?
A．The advice from Corey Hannah.
B．The inspiration from her daughter.
C．The visit to Home Depot and Lowe's.
D．The encouragement from her husband.
5．What is essential for the treehouse as an office?
A．The colour of the porch. B．The ladder into the house.
C．The repair of the floor. D．The access to the Internet.
6．How did the students feel when seeing their teacher's treehouse office?
A．Amazed. B．Doubtful. C．Proud. D．Distracted.
7．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A treehouse office with a rope ladder.
B．Take remote classes to a treehouse.
C．Help students to build a treehouse.
D．The decoration of a treehouse office.
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了疫情期间Williams将迷你树屋改成办公室，进行远程课程。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And so they thought about it and it sounded silly at first, but the next day they decided to go to Home Depot and Lowe's and look around, and then they said “Okay. Let's do it!””（他们想了想，一开始听起来很傻，但第二天他们决定去家得宝和劳氏看看，然后他们说 “好吧。让我们做它!”）可知，拜访家得宝和劳氏使得威廉姆斯开始了她的树屋项目，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most importantly, Williams made sure there was Internet access.”（最重要的是，威廉姆斯确保网络接入）可知，作为一间办公室，树屋最重要的是互联网，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Her students love the space and often say “Oh I want one, I want one.” ”（她的学生喜欢这个空间，经常说:“哦，我想要一个，我想要一个。”）推知，当学生们看到老师的树屋办公室时，他们感觉很惊喜，故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合最后一段的“And since most of them chose distant learning in the spring semester as well, Williams will spend at least the next six months hard at work up in a tree.（自从他们中的大多数人在春季学期选择了远程学习，威廉姆斯将至少在接下来的六个月里在树上努力教学） ”可知，文章讲述了疫情期间Williams将迷你树屋改成办公室，进行远程课程，故文章的最佳标题应为：去树屋上远程课程，故选B。
Have you ever had such an experience? When chatting on WeChat, you sent someone a voice message where you thought your voice was clear and moving, but when you heard your own recorded voice, you couldn't help wondering: Is this really my voice? Why is it so ugly?
It's not your fault. The discomfort we have over hearing our voices in audio recordings is probably due to a mix of physiology and psychology.
For one, the sound from an audio recording is transmitted differently to your brain compared with the sound made when you speak. When listening to a recording of your voice, the sound travels through the air and into your ears—what's referred to as “air conduction”. However, while some of the sound is transmitted through air conduction, much of the sound is internally conducted directly through your head when you speak. Thus, people generally learn their voice as deeper and richer. The recorded voice, in comparison, can sound thinner and higher, which many find annoying.
Another reason why hearing a recording of your voice can be so discomforting is that it really is a new voice—one that exposes a difference between your self-perception and reality. Dr Silke Paulmann, a psychologist at the University of Essex, says, “we sound more high-pitched than what we think we should, which makes us uneasy as it doesn't meet our internal expectations; our voice plays a massive role in forming our identity and I guess no one likes to realize that you're not really who you think you are.”
So if the voice in your head criticizes the voice coming out of a recording device, it's probably your inner critic overreacting—and you're judging yourself a bit too harshly.
8．What does the author think of the fact that people dislike their recorded voices?
A．Instructive. B．Ridiculous. C．Reasonable. D．Confusing.
9．What does the underlined word “transmitted” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Declared B．Passed C．Guided D．Admitted
10．What would the author agree about the recorded voice?
A．Scientists can make it meet our expectation.
B．People don't have to care about its difference.
C．It travels in the air faster than our own sound.
D．It narrows the gap between self-expectation and reality.
11．What problem does the author focus on in the text?
A．How do people chat politely on WeChat? B．What do the recorded messages contain?
C．How do people change their recorded voice? D．Why do you hate your own recorded voice?
【答案】8．C9．B10．B11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么人们在录音中听到自己的声音觉得很难听的现象，解释了这背后的原因是因为声音传递到大脑的方式不同，作者最后指出没必要对自己太过苛刻。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“It's not your fault. The discomfort we have over hearing our voices in audio recordings is probably due to a mix of physiology and psychology.(这不是你的错。在录音中听到自己的声音时，我们会感到不舒服，这可能是生理和心理的综合作用)”可推知，作者认为人们不喜欢自己录制的声音是合理的。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When listening to a recording of your voice, the sound travels through the air and into your ears—what's referred to as “air conduction”. However, while some of the sound is transmitted through air conduction, much of the sound is internally conducted directly through your head when you speak.”；画线词上文“the sound from an audio recording is”以及后文“differently to your brain compared with the sound made when you speak”可知，当你在听自己声音的录音时，声音通过空气进入你的耳朵——这被称为“空气传导”。然而，虽然有些声音是通过空气传导的，但当你说话时，大部分声音是直接通过你的头部在内部传导的，所以可得知与你说话时发出的声音相比，音频记录的声音传递到大脑的方式是不同的。故画线词意思是“传递”。A. Declared宣告；B. Passed传递；C. Guided指导；D. Admitted承认。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So if the voice in your head criticizes the voice coming out of a recording device, it's probably your inner critic overreacting—and you're judging yourself a bit too harshly.(所以，如果你脑子里的声音批评录音设备发出的声音，那可能是你内心的批评反应过度了——你对自己的评价有点太苛刻了)”可知，对于录音的声音，B选项“人们不必关心它的差异”作者会同意。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever had such an experience? When chatting on WeChat, you sent someone a voice message where you thought your voice was clear and moving, but when you heard your own recorded voice, you couldn't help wondering: Is this really my voice? Why is it so ugly?(你有过这样的经历吗？在微信聊天时，你给别人发了一条语音信息，你觉得自己的声音很清晰很动人，但当你听到自己录制的声音时，你不禁想:这真的是我的声音吗？为什么它这么难听？)”以及第二段“It's not your fault. The discomfort we have over hearing our voices in audio recordings is probably due to a mix of physiology and psychology.(这不是你的错。在录音中听到自己的声音时，我们会感到不舒服，这可能是生理和心理的综合作用)”结合文章主要说明了为什么人们在录音中听到自己的声音觉得很难听的现象，解释了这背后的原因是因为声音传递到大脑的方式不同，作者最后指出没必要对自己太过苛刻。可知，作者在文章中关注的问题是为什么你讨厌自己录制的声音。故选D。
Extreme heat often brings extreme wildfires, and this year is no exception, with heat waves fueling giant outbreaks of fires in the western United States and Canada, as well as across the Mediterranean and in Siberia. However, the wildfires can have the opposite effect on temperatures, cooling Earth's surface regionally and globally.
Thick wildfire smoke can temporarily block sunlight near the ground, causing regional temperatures to drop by several degrees. Wildfire smoke can also have global cooling effects by making clouds in the lower atmosphere more reflective or blocking sunlight in the upper atmosphere, similar to what a volcanic eruption does.
Scientists have only recently begun studying these effects, with Australia's record 2019-2020 bushfire season marking the first time researchers detected wildfire smoke-caused global cooling. The effect is far too small to balance human-caused global warming, but beyond that, researchers say it's too early to predict what it means for the broader climate system. But with fire seasons growing severer around the world and this summer witnessing much extreme fire weather in North America and elsewhere, the search for answers is growing increasingly urgent.
Scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research reported that those Australian fires poured so much smoke into the Southern Hemisphere's atmosphere which caused a “strong and rapid” global cooling effect of about 0.06℃ (0.01°F). According to the lead study author John Fasullo, this was largely due to how smoke particles interact with clouds in the lower atmosphere.
While Fasullo's research highlights the cooling effects of smoke in the lower atmosphere, on occasion, wildfire smoke rushes into the higher atmosphere. There, it can have additional effects on the climate, which is something that is poorly known. “We might still be in the initial stage of understanding how large and how important the effects of these wildfires are,” says Sergey Khaykin, a fire weather expert at Sorbonne University in France.
12．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Wildfire breaks out more often now. B．Wildfire smoke cools Earth's surface.
C．Regional temperatures increase due to wildfire. D．Volcanic eruption affects the upper atmosphere.
13．What can we infer about the effects mentioned in paragraph 3?
A．They are too small to be noticed. B．They can be accurately predicted
C．They deserve an in-depth study. D．They can improve the global climate.
14．How does the author prove the global cooling effect in paragraph 4?
A．By giving an example. B．By listing figures.
C．By making comparisons. D．By doing an experiment.
15．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Climate change is in need of a global solution.
B．The higher wildfire smoke rushes, the cooler it gets.
C．Weather experts are satisfied with Fasullo's research.
D．The influence of wildfires needs to be explored further.
【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。极端高温通常会带来极端的野火，今年也不例外，热浪引发了美国西部和加拿大、地中海和西伯利亚的大规模火灾。然而，野火会对温度产生相反的影响，在区域和全球范围内冷却地球表面。文章主要说明了野火的烟雾对地球的影响以及人们对此的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thick wildfire smoke can temporarily block sunlight near the ground, causing regional temperatures to drop by several degrees. Wildfire smoke can also have global cooling effects by making clouds in the lower atmosphere more reflective or blocking sunlight in the upper atmosphere, similar to what a volcanic eruption does. (浓密的野火烟雾会暂时遮挡地面附近的阳光，导致该地区的气温下降几度。野火烟雾还可以通过使低层大气中的云层反射更多的阳光或阻挡高层大气中的阳光，从而产生全球降温效应，这与火山喷发的作用类似)”可知，第二段主要讲了野火的烟雾使地球表面冷却。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists have only recently begun studying these effects, with Australia's record 2019-2020 bushfire season marking the first time researchers detected wildfire smoke-caused global cooling. The effect is far too small to balance human-caused global warming, but beyond that, researchers say it's too early to predict what it means for the broader climate system. But with fire seasons growing severer around the world and this summer witnessing much extreme fire weather in North America and elsewhere, the search for answers is growing increasingly urgent.(科学家们直到最近才开始研究这些影响，澳大利亚2019-2020年的森林火灾季节创纪录，这标志着研究人员首次发现野火烟雾导致的全球变冷。但除此之外，研究人员表示，现在预测这对更广泛的气候系统意味着什么还为时过早。但随着世界各地的火灾季节越来越严重，今年夏天在北美和其他地方见证了很多极端的火灾天气，寻找答案变得越来越紧迫)”可推知，第三段提到的影响值得深入研究。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research reported that those Australian fires poured so much smoke into the Southern Hemisphere's atmosphere which caused a “strong and rapid” global cooling effect of about 0.06℃ (0.01°F). According to the lead study author John Fasullo, this was largely due to how smoke particles interact with clouds in the lower atmosphere.(国家大气研究中心的科学家们报告说，澳大利亚的大火向南半球的大气中排放了大量的烟雾，导致全球气温“强烈而迅速”下降了约0.06摄氏度（0.01华氏度）。该研究的主要作者John Fasullo表示，这在很大程度上是由于烟雾颗粒与低层大气中的云层相互作用的结果)”可推知，作者在第4段通过举例子来证明全球变冷的影响。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There, it can have additional effects on the climate, which is something that is poorly known. “We might still be in the initial stage of understanding how large and how important the effects of these wildfires are,” says Sergey Khaykin, a fire weather expert at Sorbonne University in France.(在那里，它可以对气候产生额外的影响，这是人们知之甚少的。法国索邦大学的火灾天气专家Sergey Khaykin说：“我们可能仍处于了解这些野火影响的规模和重要性的初始阶段。”)”可推知，作者想在最后一段传达的信息是需要进一步探讨野火的影响。故选D。
阅读选择【重庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中11月调研测试】
Located in Shanghai’s coastal Lingang area, the Shanghai Astronomy Museum covers 38,000 square meters.
“The majority of astronomy museums in the world are about 20,000 square meters, so this is arguably the largest in the world.It will be able to host visits by around 6,000 people a day,” said Lin Qing, director of the museum’s research center.
The futuristic building will feature three main exhibitions — Home, Universe and Odyssey — displaying astronomical knowledge, theories about the universe, and the history and current status of human exploration of space.
The museum will use many technologies to engage visitors.They will be able to experience travelling on the moon with virtual reality glasses or lie down to watch the starry night sky in the planetarium, which has a diameter (直径) of 17 meters.
“We don’t want our exhibition to be like a dull textbook.We focus on creating an exciting experience for visitors so that they’ll leave the museum with a more curious mind for space and a love for astronomy,” said Xin Ge, director of the museum.
Besides interactive experiences, the museum will also exhibit many rare items, including a first edition copy of the first English translation of Isaac Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy which was published in 1729.
In the meteorites (陨石) section, a 21.4-kilogram meteorite will be displayed under glass.It fell onto a farm in Changxing Island in the city in 1964 and the piece held by the museum is the largest one.
When it’s officially open, the museum will operate from 9 am to 4 pm, with entrance tickets priced at 30 yuan ($4.50) for adults and 15 yuan for students.
1．What do we know about Shanghai Astronomy Museum?
A．It is definitely the largest in the world.
B．It covers 58,000 square meters.
C．Its planetarium is 17 meters in diameter.
D．A 31.4-kilogram meteorite will be in it.
2．What can visitors do in the museum?
A．They can read textbooks about the museum.
B．They can walk on the moon with friends.
C．They can buy Isaac Newton’s first edition copy.
D．They can enjoy virtual reality with tools.
3．How much will it take for a family with two parents and two kids aged 10 for admission?
A．75 yuan. B．85 yuan. C．90 yuan. D．95 yuan.
【答案】1．C2．D3．C
【解析】本文是新闻报道。介绍全球建筑规模最大的天文馆即将在上海开放。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段的“They will be able to experience travelling on the moon with virtual reality glasses or lie down to watch the starry night sky in the planetarium, which has a diameter (直径) of 17 meters.( 人们可以戴上虚拟现实眼镜体验月球漫游，或者躺下来观看馆内直径17米的璀璨星空。)”可知 它的天文馆直径为17米,故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“They will be able to experience travelling on the moon with virtual reality glasses or lie down to watch the starry night sky in the planetarium, which has a diameter (直径) of 17 meters.( 人们可以戴上虚拟现实眼镜体验月球漫游，或者躺下来观看馆内直径17米的璀璨星空。)”可知，他们可以用工具来享受虚拟现实。故选D 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “When it’s officially open, the museum will operate from 9 am to 4 pm, with entrance tickets priced at 30 yuan ($4.50) for adults and 15 yuan for students.( 上海天文馆正式开放后，开馆时间为上午9时至下午4时，成人门票为30元，学生门票为15元。)”可知 ，一对父母和两个10岁的孩子的门票费用是30*2+15*2=90，故选C 项。
“Your skin’s a bit dry,” one user commented on a video posted by Angie, a popular influencer who first appeared on Chinese social media last fall. “You should apply a face mask.” In the video, uploaded to Douyin, Angie’s skin looks not smooth. A yawn shows slightly crooked teeth.
Typical influencers might respond back with a comment, but Angie is not a typical influencer—she’s not even a real person. Unlike China’s other virtual influencers, Angie doesn’t pose in designer clothes or promote new songs. Instead, she wears simple white tees, drinks Coca-Cola and yawns on screen. Sometimes she can be seen with zits. And her down-to-earth image clearly relates to people on Douyin, where she has attracted over 280,000 followers to date.
Virtual influencers are nothing new in China. The country’s first digital personality Ling was created in 2020. With her sharp jawline, thin face and rosy lips, Ling reflects a traditional Chinese beauty ideal. But Angie offers a refreshing alternative in a country where demand for plastic surgery is increasing and beauty apps compete to create filters that show users more beautiful versions of themselves.
Angie is the creation of Jesse Zhang, director of a Shenzhen-based CGI animation company. Zhang thought it would be fun to create a virtual character with imperfect features who could help people relax and feel more positive about themselves. Angie started taking shape in 2020, and within three months Zhang had posted his character’s first video to Dyinbe December, she had already gained around 100,000 fans. “I didn’t think she would take off so quickly,” he said, attributing her popularity to her calming, casual videos.
Some fans have credited Angie with cheering them up or helping them reduce life’s pressure. Angie, last time I left you a message saying I was feeling really sad. Now, I’m doing much better,” The follower said they were preparing for the upcoming semester, and that they would try to work hard in school. “Keep pressing on,” Angie wrote in response, adding that sad moments will become things of the past.
4．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply?
A．Angie is facially damaged. B．Angie is not beautiful enough.
C．People don’t like Angie. D．Angie doesn’t have the face of a celebrity.
5．What is the major difference between Ling and Angie?
A．The image they have. B．The app they use.
C．The social media where they appear. D．The way they were created.
6．Why did Zhang create Angie?
A．For fame. B．For money. C．For work. D．For entertainment.
7．What can be learned from this passage?
A．Virtual influencers are quite new and strange in China.
B．Zhang predicted Angie would succeed on the social media overnight.
C．This imperfect virtual influencer is challenging beauty standards in China.
D．Angie’s popularity results from her humorous and easygoing character.
【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟人物Angie因为其平易近人的形象成为了网红，文章介绍了Angie形象的特点以及人们对她的看法。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中““Your skin’s a bit dry,” one user commented on a video posted by Angie, a popular influencer who first appeared on Chinese social media last fall. “You should apply a face mask.”(“你的皮肤有点干，”一位用户在去年秋天首次出现在中国社交媒体上的网红Angie发布的视频下评论道。“你应该带上口罩。”)”可推知，第一段中划线的句子暗示了Angie不够漂亮。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike China’s other virtual influencers, Angie doesn’t pose in designer clothes or promote new songs. Instead, she wears simple white tees, drinks Coca-Cola and yawns on screen.(与中国其他网红不同的是，她不会穿着名牌服装摆造型，也不会宣传新歌。相反，她穿着简单的白色t恤，喝着可口可乐，在屏幕上打哈欠)”第三段中“The country’s first digital personality Ling was created in 2020.With her sharp jawline, thin face and rosy lips, Ling reflects a traditional Chinese beauty ideal. But Angie offers a refreshing alternative in a country where demand for plastic surgery is increasing and beauty apps compete to create filters that show users more beautiful versions of themselves.(这个国家的第一个虚拟人物Ling是在2020年创建的。Ling有尖锐的下巴线，瘦脸和玫瑰色的嘴唇，反映了中国传统的美丽理想。但是，在一个对整形手术的需求不断增加的国家，Angie提供了一个令人耳目一新的替代方案，美容应用程序竞相创造滤镜，向用户展示自己更美丽的版本)”可知，Ling和Angie的主要区别是他们所拥有的形象。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zhang thought it would be fun to create a virtual character with imperfect features who could help people relax and feel more positive about themselves.(张认为创造一个功能不完善的虚拟角色会很有趣，它可以帮助人们放松，让自己更积极)”可知，创造Angie是为了娱乐。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Unlike China’s other virtual influencers, Angie doesn’t pose in designer clothes or promote new songs. Instead, she wears simple white tees, drinks Coca-Cola and yawns on screen. Sometimes she can be seen with zits. And her down-to-earth image clearly relates to people on Douyin, where she has attracted over 280,000 followers to date. (与中国其他网红不同的是，她不会穿着名牌服装摆造型，也不会宣传新歌。相反，她穿着简单的白色t恤，喝着可口可乐，在屏幕上打哈欠。有时还能看到她长青春痘。她平易近人的形象和抖音上的人很有关系，到目前为止，她在抖音上已经吸引了超过28万的粉丝)”以及第三段中“But Angie offers a refreshing alternative in a country where demand for plastic surgery is increasing and beauty apps compete to create filters that show users more beautiful versions of themselves. (但是，在一个对整形手术的需求不断增加的国家，Angie提供了一个令人耳目一新的替代方案，美容应用程序竞相创造滤镜，向用户展示自己更美丽的版本)”可知，Angie并不是流行的美，仍然获得了大众的喜爱，这个不完美的网红正在挑战中国的审美标准。故选C。
Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this feast, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important?
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast (禁食)”—the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat during the night.The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies.Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those stores of things like protein and calcium.So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to be related to a state of obesity with skipping breakfast.In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a healthy breakfast to not only regulate but also lose weight.In a U.S. study, 50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI, which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.
But it might not be as simple as that.Some experts, like Alexandra Johnstone, professor of the University of Aberdeen, suggest those who skip breakfast might be less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle overall—exercising and not smoking, for example.And with the rise in popularity of intermittent(间歇性)fasting to lose weight—there may also be some benefits to skipping breakfast. Intermittent fasting can improve blood sugar control, insulin (胰岛素) sensitivity, and lower blood pressure.
So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal.It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.
8．What does the underlined word “replenish” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Keep something fresh.
B．Make something full again.
C．Cut down something.
D．Use up something.
9．What was the result of the study involving 50,000 people?
A．People skipping breakfast had a lower BMI.
B．People having breakfast had better blood sugar control.
C．People having a healthy breakfast had a lower BMI.
D．People having a healthy breakfast put on weight.
10．Alexandra Johnstone may agree that ________.
A．skipping breakfast does much harm to health
B．breakfast is sure to help people keep a healthy weight
C．it is ok to practice intermittent fasting
D．most people are not aware of healthy diets
11．What is the best title?
A．Benefits of Breakfast
B．Keep a Healthier Lifestyle
C．A Study on Skipping Breakfast
D．Is Breakfast Really That Important?
【答案】8．B9．C10．C11．D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。研究表明，早餐对于健康有一定的意义，但更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。
8．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段关键句“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves.”（在我们睡觉时发生的再生过程消耗了我们的一些自然食物储备。）及下一句内容“those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium”（那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质的储存）可知，replenish与make something full again意思相近，表示“补充、弥补”。即：早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a U.S. study, 50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI(在美国的一项研究中，七年多时间里对50000人进行观察，发现食用健康早餐的人们BMI指数更低)”可知，研究结果表明食用健康早餐的人BMI指数更低。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And with the rise in popularity of intermittent(间歇性) fasting to lose weight—there may also be some benefits to skipping breakfast. Intermittent fasting can improve blood sugar control, insulin sensitivity, and lower blood pressure.(随着通过间歇性节食来减肥这一方法的日渐流行——不吃早餐可能也会有些好处。间歇性节食可以改善血糖控制，胰岛素敏感性以及降低血压)”可知，Alexandra Johnstone罗列出间歇性节食的好处，说明他可能会同意间接性节食是可行的。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。总览全文，文章在首段就提出疑问“It seems that this feast, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important?(似乎这顿饭对于我们大多数人来说，都是开启美好一天必要的，但它真的那么重要吗？)”，并在接下来的段落中对“早餐没那么重要”进行论述，最后陈述结论“So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal.(所以，早餐虽然有好处，但是可能并不是最重要的一餐)”。D选项“早餐真的有那么重要吗？”符合文章主题，适合作为标题。故选D。
More than a billion people around the world have smartphones, almost all of which come with navigation (导航) apps such as Google or Apple Maps.This raises the question we meet with any technology: what skills are we losing? Talking with people who’re good at finding their way around or using paper maps, I often hear lots of frustration with digital maps.North/South direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me.Despite being a frequent traveler, I’m so terrible at finding my way that I still use Google Maps every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.What looks like an imperfect product to some has been a significant expansion of my own abilities.
Part of the problem is that reading paper maps requires specific skills.There is nothing natural about them.In many developed nations, including the U.S., one expects street names and house numbers to be meaningful references, and instructions such as “go north for three blocks and then west” make sense.In Istanbul, in contrast, where I grew up, none of those hold true.For one thing, the locals rarely use street names.Why bother when a government or a military group might change them again? Besides, the city is full of winding, ancient alleys that meet newer avenues at many angles.Instructions as simple as “go north” would require a helicopter or a bulldozer (推土机).
Let’s come back to my original questions.While we often lose some skills after leaving the work to technology, it may also allow us to expand our abilities.Consider the calculator: I don’t doubt that our arithmetic skills might have dropped a bit as the little machines became common, but calculations that were once boring and tricky are now much more straightforward—and one can certainly do more complex calculations more confidently.
12．Paragraph 1 is centered on ________.
A．people who’re experts at finding way
B．the drawback of digital maps
C．the significance of digital maps
D．the disadvantage of smartphones
13．Which of the following does the author agree with?
A．Everyone can read paper maps with ease.
B．Road instructions are meaningful in Istanbul.
C．Digital navigation aids are quite helpful.
D．Using digital devices brings much trouble.
14．Why do locals seldom use street names in Istanbul?
A．Because street names are changed again and again.
B．Because street names are forbidden by the government.
C．Because old ancient alleys are replaced by new roads.
D．Because people there use paper maps a lot.
15．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．Love paper maps, love digital maps.
B．A calculator a day keeps a skill away.
C．Using paper maps is objecting to digital maps.
D．Technology doesn’t necessarily mean abilities worsening.
【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科技的发展给我们的工作生活带来了很多便利，技术的不完美也可以让我们扩展我们的能力，技术的发展并不一定意味着人们能力的退化。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“This raises the question we meet with any technology: what skills are we losing? Talking with people who’re good at finding their way around or using paper maps, I often hear lots of frustration with digital maps. North/South direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time.(这就提出了我们在使用任何技术时都会遇到的问题：我们正在失去哪些技能？与那些擅长找路或使用纸质地图的人交谈时，我经常听到许多人对电子地图感到沮丧。北/南方向变得混乱，你一次只能看到一小部分)”可推知，本段主要在谈论电子地图的劣势。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“What looks like an imperfect product to some has been a significant expansion of my own abilities.(在某些人看来不完美的产品其实是我自身能力的显著扩展)”可知，不完美的产品能激发人的潜能。由此可知，作者对于数字导航的作用是肯定的。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Why bother when a government or a military group might change them again? Besides, the city is full of winding, ancient alleys that meet newer avenues at many angles.(政府或军事组织可能会再次改变它们，为什么要自找麻烦呢？此外，这座城市充满了蜿蜒的古老小巷，它们以不同的角度与新街道交汇)”可知，政府经常会改变街道的名字，所以在伊斯坦布尔，当地人很少使用街道的名字。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While we often lose some skills after leaving the work to technology, it may also allow us to expand our abilities.(虽然我们经常在把工作交给科技后会失去一些技能，但技术的不完美也可以让我们扩展我们的能力)”可知，技术给我们工作生活带来了便利，技术的不完美又能激发我们的创造力。由此推知，作者暗示的是技术并不一定意味着人们能力的退化。故选D。
阅读选择【江苏省镇江市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】

1.War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells
Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses of a strange-looking meteorite（陨石）in England. Not long after，it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner, What is it like for man, the dominated of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens?

2.The Dune Saga（沙丘）by Frank Herbert
Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul's descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.

3.The Space Trilogy by C．S. Lewis
This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.On these planets，the local residents are not corrupted(腐败), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.

4. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury
The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses(着迷)with the society of television but doesn't realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.

21．Where is Dr.Elwin Ransom originally from?
A．Earth. B．Venus.
C．Mars. D．Arrakis.
22．Which book explores the potential for technology to make humans less free?
A．War of the Worlds. B．The Dune Saga.
C．The Space Trilogy. D．Fahrenheit 451.
23．What do the four books have in common?
A．They show an imaginary world.
B．They each have two main characters.
C．They explore the nature of humanity.
D．They were published in the 20th century.
【答案】21．A22．D23．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，包括它们的作者和主要内容等。
21．细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.（刘易斯以主人公埃尔文·兰瑟姆博士为主角，探索人类的本质，他来到了地球之外的火星和金星） ”可知，Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的“The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. （1953年这部无价小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟）”和“The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses(着迷)with the society of television but doesn't realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.（主角盖伊·蒙塔格是一名消防员，他焚烧书籍和存放书籍的房屋。那时的文化沉迷于电视社会，但没有意识到文学带来的价值和自由）”可知，Fahrenheit 451这本书探索了技术让人类变得更加不自由。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的“Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. （自1897年出版以来，这部科幻小说激发了无数小说的灵感，至今仍让读者着迷）”，第二个表格中的“Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction.（《沙丘传奇》出版于1965年至1985年，共有6部小说，被广泛认为是最伟大的科幻史诗）”，第三个表格中的“This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945.Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.（本系列包含1938-1945年出版的三本书。刘易斯以主人公埃尔文·兰瑟姆博士为主角，探索人类的本质，他来到了地球之外的火星和金星）”和最后一个表格中的“The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. （1953年这部无价小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。雷·布拉德伯里利用这样一个使书籍饱受摧残的社会来讨论书籍的重要性） ”可知，这四本书的共同特点是：它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
In 1868 six-year-old Laura Jernegan,her parents, and her baby brother,Prescott,set sail from New Bedford, Massachusetts. This was no vacation cruise.Laura's father,captain of the whaleship Roman, was hunting the mightiest animal on earth.
Unwilling to be separated from his family for three to four years while he made ocean voyages thousands of miles from home, Captain Jernegan took them with him to share in the adventure—and the danger-of life at sea. In the mid-1800s,as many as one in six American whaling, captains took their families on voyages.
What was it like to live on a whaleship? The diary Laura kept while she was at sea offers a look into her unusual childhood. She was fascinated by her father's job. When the ship's lookout spotted a whale, Laura recorded it in her diary."I hope we shall get him,"she wrote.
She watched as the men rushed to their whaleboats and chased the whales. As soon as a whale was caught, the crew began to process it. First the crew"cut in" the whale by removing its thick blanket of blubber（鲸脂）.
After throwing pieces of blubber into large pots， two men would "get in the pots and squish (挤)out the blubber,"Laura wrote. It must have been a strange sight because the sailors were "way up to their knees" in the greasy fat, she reported.
Now came the hot,smoky,and smelly par.A brick furnace(火炉)was fired up,and the blubber was tried out, or boiled into oil. One huge whale produced enough oil to fill seventy-five barrels, she noted in disbelief. When the Jernegans returned home, the oil would be sold for the best price possible.Whale oil was important during most of the nineteenth century.It was used to light lamps and to make candles.
Two and a half years after she had left New Bedford, deep-water adventure came to an abrupt end. The Jernegans were whaling in the South Pacific when several crew members mutinied(反叛). Fortunately,the mutiny was stopped before anyone got killed.Her parents were terrified.They decided that a whaleship was no place for children. Laura, Prescott,and Mrs. Jernegan headed straight back to the United States on a passenger ship, and Captain Jernegan continued his whaling voyage.
This era, often called the golden age of whaling, was over in the late nineteenth century. Yet one girl's diary has helped to ensure that this chapter in America's seafaring history will not be forgotten.
24．Why did Captain Jernegan take his family out on a whale hunt?
A．To experience the pleasant life at sea.
B．To spend a nice vacation with his family.
C．To avoid a long separation from his family.
D．To follow in the footsteps of other captains.
25．What can we learn about processing the hunted whales?
A．Laura offered help to the work.
B．It was very hard and dirty work.
C．It started from boiling the blubber.
D．The workers couldn't stand the heat and bad smell.
26．Why did Captain Jernegan send his wife and children home?
A．He worried about their safety.
B．Laura had no friends on his ship.
C．There happened to be a passenger ship.
D．They had been away from home too long.
27．What can we infer from Laura's dairy?
A．Her father stopped whaling after the mutiny.
B．Hunting whales was challenging but rewarding.
C．She thought deep-water adventures were boring.
D．The 20th century was thc golden age of whaling.
【答案】24．C25．B26．A27．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了美国历史上的捕鲸黄金期时，一位叫做Jernegan的船长带着家人出海捕鲸，船长女儿Laura Jernegan通过日记记录下来的见闻经历。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unwilling to be separated from his family for three to four years while he made ocean voyages thousands of miles from home, Captain Jernegan took them with him to share in the adventure—and the danger-of life at sea.”（，杰尼根船长在离家数千英里的海上航行期间，他不愿与家人分开三到四年，于是他带着家人一起分享海上生活的冒险和危险。），可知船长不想和家人分开太久，所以把家人都带到了船上。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“After throwing pieces of blubber into large pots， two men would "get in the pots and squish (挤)out the blubber,"Laura wrote. ”（在把鲸脂碎片扔进大盆后,两人会进入大盆里去挤压鲸脂,”劳拉说。）以及第六段“Now came the hot, smoky, and smelly part. ”（现在到了热气熏人，烟雾缭绕，臭气熏天的工作了。），可知这份工作又脏又累。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The Jernegans were whaling in the South Pacific when several crew members mutinied(反叛). ”（Jernegans在南太平洋捕鲸时，几个船员发动反叛。）以及“Her parents were terrified.They decided that a whaleship was no place for children. ”（她的父母非常害怕。他们都一致认为捕鲸船不是孩子该待的地方。），可知船长遇到了船员反叛，认为孩子在船长不安全，所以就把家人都送回家。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据上文所述捕鲸工作是既辛苦又肮脏，而且在南太平洋捕鲸时，船长还遭遇了船员叛变以及倒数第三段“One huge whale produced enough oil to fill seventy-five barrels, she noted in disbelief. When the Jernegans returned home, the oil would be sold for the best price possible.”（她非常难以置信地写到，一条巨大的鲸鱼产出的石油足够装满75桶。当杰尼根一家返回家乡时，石油会以最好的价格出售。），可知捕鲸很辛苦，但是回报也是很丰盛的。故选B项。
When did you last write a letter? Properly write on—by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail, is the writing on the wall for traditional pen and paper? Well, some people claim that writing still has many benefits, so maybe it's not time to ditch your ballpoint(圆珠笔)or fountain pen(钢笔)yet.
These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. Doing this on a computer means it could be saved, edited, copied and sent via email. But crafting a handwriting document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as practising your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.
Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper. This is particularly relevant for students,where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the "tactile feedback"(触觉反馈)to the brain that contact between pen and paper docs. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary,who says that "taking notes by hand involves cognitive(认知的)engagement in summarizing, adapting, organizing. concept and vocabulary mapping. Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Scribbling(涂狗)notes，shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact. Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: "In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you."
So, while digital skills remain important, don't write off your pens and pencils yet—especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!
28．What does the underlined word "ditch"mean in the first paragraph?
A．Write. B．Abandon.
C．Save. D．Choose.
29．What does the writer want to emphasize in Paragraph 2?
A．The popularity of electronic documents.
B．The convenience of electronic documents.
C．The special features of handwritten documents.
D．The basic requirements of handwritten documents.
30．Which of the following is the benefit of writing by hand?
A．It fully develops your hand muscles.
B．It helps you to practise your handwriting.
C．It strengthens the bond between pen and paper.
D．It sharpens your comprehensive cognitive abilities.
31．What can we infer from Katherine Moller's words?
A．It is necessary for us to turn off the virtual world.
B．Scribbling notes should be practised in our daily life.
C．Using paper and pen has the greatest impact on our daily life.
D．Writing a letter by hand can be a touching and valuable experience.
【答案】28．B29．C30．D31．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一些专家认为用手书写在很多方面对人们有好处。因此虽然数字技能很重要，但不要放弃你的笔。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“Well, some people claim that writing still has many benefits, so maybe it's not time to ditch your ballpoint(圆珠笔)or fountain pen(钢笔)yet.（好吧，有些人声称写作仍然有很多好处，所以也许现在还不是ditch你的圆珠笔或钢笔的时候）”可知，一些人认为用手写东西有很多好处。因此推知，现在可能还不是放弃你的圆珠笔或钢笔的时候，即划线词意为 “放弃”，与abandon同义。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段的“But crafting a handwriting document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as practising your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.（但是完成手写文件是独一无二的：它需要计划和思考，而且，除了练习你的书写，它还帮助你记住拼写和标点符号） ”推知，第二段旨在强调手写文件的特点。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段的“BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary,who says that "taking notes by hand involves cognitive(认知的)engagement in summarizing, adapting, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping. （英国广播公司WorkLoad网站援引卡尔加里大学的Hetty Roessingh的话，他说“用手记笔记包括在总结、适应、组织、概念和词汇映射方面的认知参与”）”可知，手写有助于提高你的综合认知能力。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: "In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you."（笔友作家凯瑟琳·莫勒告诉英国广播公司说:“在一个人们很容易上网发电子邮件或快速短信的世界里，知道有人愿意关掉虚拟世界和你共度时光是一件非常私人、非常珍贵的事情。”）”推知，手写一封信是一次感人而宝贵的经历，因为这体现了写信人对收信人的关心。故选D。
Recently, many climate change campaigns and organizations have marketed themselves using images of polar bears losing their habitat.This has led many people to view the polar bear as the global icon(象征物)for our climate crisis.
The polar bear has become so widespread because it does an excellent job of playing on an audience's emotions and convincing them that there is an urgent problem on Earth. The imagery of a polar bear is also much more attractive than a scientific graph(图表)or chart of increasing sea levels or extreme weather event occurrences.
However,using polar bears as the only icon of our changing climate is flawed(有错的).For one,it only represents one effect of climate change, global warming,and not climate change itself. It neglects to address other aspects such as extreme weather events, ocean acidification, etc.While global warming is an important impact of climate change, the other aspects need to be communicated as well since climate change may not even cause warming in certain parts of the world—it could lead to severe snowstorms or colder winters instead. Thus, communicating these other elements is vital because it can reduce much of the misinformation surrounding our climate and gives the audience a more comprehensive understanding of our planet.
Moreover,using polar bears is problematic because most people do not live anywhere near polar bear habitat.This makes polar bears feel far removed from our own personal reality-thus making climate change feel far removed from our lives. Since climate change is anything but a distant phenomenon, a symbol that communicates the ways in which the climate crisis affects humans could be more convincing and push more people to act.
Even though using the polar bear as the icon of climate change is limited in conveying the full scope of our climate crisis, it can act as an agent of opening up the conversation about environmental issues and inspiring viewers to dive deeper into learning about climate change.
32．Why are polar bears preferred as marketing images?
A．Their imagery is more convincing.
B．They are likely to lose their habitats.
C．They are unique victims of the climate crisis.
D．The data on them often appear in scientific graphs.
33．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Polar bears arc the only indicator of climate change.
B．Climate change is bound to result in global warming.
C．All elements of climate change have been communicated to the public.
D．Using polar bears as the only icon of climate change will cause some problems.
34．What does the underlined word"This"refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．Failing to understand our planet.
B．Refusing to take immediate action.
C．Living apart from polar bear habitat.
D．Using polar bears to explain climate change.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The occurrence of climate change
B．The possible impact of climate change
C．The dangerous symbol of polar bears
D．The importance of protecting polar bears
【答案】32．A33．D34．C35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。最近，许多气候变化运动和组织利用北极熊失去栖息地的图像来宣传自己。这使得许多人将北极熊视为气候危机的全球标志。虽然用北极熊作为气候变化的标志，在传达我们的气候危机的全面范围上是有限的，但它可以作为一个媒介，能够开启关于环境问题的对话，并激励观众深入了解气候变化。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The imagery of a polar bear is also much more attractive than a scientific graph(图表)or chart of increasing sea levels or extreme weather event occurrences.( 北极熊的形象也比海平面上升或极端天气事件发生的科学图表或统计图更有吸引力。)”可知北极熊的形象比其他科学图表更加有吸引力，容易使人信服，所以人们喜欢把北极熊作为营销形象。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段的首句“However, using polar bears as the only icon of our changing climate is flawed(有错的)( 然而，用北极熊作为气候变化的唯一标志是有缺陷的).”及段落其他内容的分析可推知把北极熊作为气候的唯一标志是有缺陷的，可能会引起一些问题。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。划线词是指示代词，指代前文的内容，前文是“Moreover,using polar bears is problematic because most people do not live anywhere near polar bear habitat.( 此外，使用北极熊也是有问题的，因为大多数人都不住在北极熊栖息地附近。)”，由此可知this指大多数人都不住在北极熊栖息地附近的这种现象。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Even though using the polar bear as the icon of climate change is limited in conveying the full scope of our climate crisis, it can act as an agent of opening up the conversation about environmental issues and inspiring viewers to dive deeper into learning about climate change.( 虽然用北极熊作为气候变化的标志，在传达我们的气候危机的全面范围上是有限的，但它可以作为一个媒介，能够开启关于环境问题的对话，并激励观众深入了解气候变化。)”可知文章主要讲北极熊作为气候危机变化的标志，虽然有缺陷，但能吸引人们关注其后变化。结合选项可知选项C .The dangerous symbol of polar bears(北极熊的危险气候象征)概括较为全面。故选C。
阅读选择【江苏省盐城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中调研】
Graffiti
Have you ever written anything on a wall? It’s nothing new, and for thousands of years humans have been writing messages on walls, bridges, and buildings as a means of expressing themselves.
Ancient Graffiti

Some of the first graffiti artists were the Vikings. You can read some at a prehistoric site in Scotland. The Vikings broke into the burial site about 800 years ago, hoping to find treasure. Unfortunately, there wasn’t any; however, the cave was a good place to shelter from the terrible storm that night, where the Vikings left messages on the walls to pass the time. Interestingly, many of the things they wrote are typical of modem-day graffiti, for example “Benedikt made this cross.”
Political Graffiti

At times, graffiti is used to make political statements. During World Ⅱ, people in occupied Holland painted orange victory “V” signs on walls in major towns. Here’s another example: “No more wars!”
American Graffiti

During the 1970s a new type of graffiti became popular in the States: tagging (标记). Bands of youngsters slipped away into the streets at night with cans of paint and left their tags on as many walls as possible. Some people see this form of graffiti as an example of urban art; others see it as an example of urban decline.
British Graffiti

In Britain, one of the most popular forms of graffiti is known as “toilet graffiti”, which is common on the walls of public toilets all over the country. The graffiti often consists of a funny or rude comment. Occasionally it will be a response to another piece of graffiti, or at other times it will be a political comment.
21．Why did the Vikings leave messages at the prehistoric site?
A．To relieve their boredom. B．To cause a sense of mystery.
C．To display their strength. D．To show their disappointment.
22．As far as the author’s concerned, it is believed that ________.
A．the Vikings created the very first graffiti
B．political graffiti resulted in more conflicts
C．there remain some arguments about tagging
D．rude comments are not allowed on walls
23．In which of the following types can you communicate in others’ absence?
A．Ancient Graffiti. B．Political Graffiti.
C．American Graffiti. D．British Graffiti.
【答案】21．A22．C23．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了世界各地形形色色的涂鸦艺术。
21．细节理解题。根据Ancient Graffiti部分“however, the cave was a good place to shelter from the terrible storm that night, where the Vikings left messages on the walls to pass the time.(然而，这个洞穴是躲避那天晚上可怕的暴风雨的好地方，维京人在墙上留下了信息来打发时间) ”可知，维京人在苏格兰史前遗址上的涂鸦是为了打发时间，缓解他们的无聊。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据American Graffiti部分“During the 1970s a new type of graffiti became popular in the States: tagging(20世纪70年代，一种新型的涂鸦在美国流行起来：标签)”和“Some people see this form of graffiti as an example of urban art; others see it as an example of urban decline.(有些人把这种形式的涂鸦视为城市艺术的一个例子；其他人则认为这是城市衰落的一个例子)”可知，在作者看来，对于tagging这种涂鸦，人们是有争议的。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据British Graffiti部分“In Britain, one of the most popular forms of graffiti is known as ‘toilet graffiti’(在英国，最流行的涂鸦形式之一就是“厕所涂鸦”)”和“Occasionally it will be a response to another piece of graffiti, or at other times it will be a political comment. (偶尔它会是对另一幅涂鸦的回应，或者在其他时候它会是一种政治评论)”可知，在英国，人们可以用涂鸦来回应另一幅涂鸦，这可以看作是一种当事人不在场的交流。故选D项。
“Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with one about the oil.
Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle.
My student car—an old green Toyota bought for $500—was the vehicle for which my father carved his paternal affections（父爱）. I bet it’s always been so. Back in ancient Rome, the father would test the son on the state of his carriage.
Why can’t fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”？ The point is: You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase love you can be heard in the slightly lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the seal（密封圈）around the base of your toilet because I assume that thing is getting really smelly.”
The affectionate phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard, but there is the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.”
When I was 17, I went on my first road trip in that Toyota. My father stood on the comer. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and carriage. And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would repeat “horse-and-carriage” every time I sped up to overtake some other speeding vehicle.
Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so ignored was simply dad’s attempt at affection.
24．According to the author, a typical father’s greetings may start with “________”.
A．Look who it is! B．Everything OK?
C．Hi, sweetheart! D．How’s the leak in the ceiling?
25．What did the author's old Toyota mean to his father?
A．A symbol of his son’s admiration.
B．A medium for his paternal love.
C．A sign of a modernized lifestyle.
D．A turning point in the family life.
26．Why does the author mention certain daily phrases in Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．To show the fatherlish’s influence on kids.
B．To illustrate a dad’s loving concern for kids.
C．To prove the usefulness of a dad’s greetings.
D．To compare different versions of fatherlish.
27．What is probably the best title for the passage?
A．Speaking Fluent Fatherlish B．Remembering Very Moments
C．Displaying Parental Love D．Giving Practical Advice
【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和父亲之间没有太多直白表达爱意的话语，大多都是围绕着汽车展开的“父式话术”，而这些都在父亲逝去后让作者无比怀念。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with one about the oil.(有时我们的打电话会以质询汽油情况开始，又以同一话题结束)”以及第二段第一句“Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice.(父亲们有很多爱，但通常都会通过给出实用的建议来表达)”可知，典型的父亲式问候一般都和实际生活、实用建议挂钩，并不会直接表达出来，只有D选项“天花板漏水怎么样了？”符合这一特点。故选D项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My student car—an old green Toyota bought for $500—was the vehicle for which my father carved his paternal affections（父爱）.(我的学生车——一辆价值500美元的绿色旧丰田——正是我父亲将其父爱刻在上面的汽车)”可知，作者的父亲就是通过这辆丰田车来表达自己的父爱，与B选项描述相符。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Why can’t fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”？ The point is: You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish.(为什么父亲们不能就直接说“我爱你”或者“见到你太好了”？关键在于：你只是得把“父式”语言翻译一下)”可知，作者想表达的是父亲并不是不会表达父爱，只是方式、话术比较特殊，第四段和第五段的内容都是列举父亲的一些日常发言，来说明他们是如何关爱孩子们的。故选B项。
27．主旨大意题。总览全文，文章讲述了作者的父亲表达关爱的“父式语言”，也就是从不直接表达，都是通过对生活的关心和建议表达出来的，A选项“讲流利的父式语言”中，Fatherlish是参考English、Polish等词衍生的词汇，表示“父亲的语言”，与文章内容相符，适合作为标题。故选A项。
What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
28．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists?
A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent,
C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science
29．What’s the purpose of the intervention?
A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
30．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent
31．What can we learn from the research?
A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D．Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
【答案】28．C29．D30．D31．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即，了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D项。
30．词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“显著的；明星的”含义，与选项D“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。
A terrible thing happened to me while I was watching TV recently: I realized that I had aged. Now of course I know that I am aging, it’s just that I hadn’t realized quite how old I was until I saw a participant who I recognized on a reality TV show. Well, I didn’t recognize her but I recognized her name, I’d slightly known her in my 20s when she’d been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates’ boyfriends.
However, here’s the thing that shocked me—I hadn’t recognized her because rather than the beauty I remembered, on my TV was a middle-aged mum cooking. And then it hit me: that’s what I look like too.
It’s a particularly cruel change of nature that we can’t see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed. Occasionally we might get a rude awakening when suddenly our bodies stop working as expected but, for the most part, we’re left to get on with growing old without too many reminders. But when you get a reminder...oof! Since that show aired, I have sat in front of the mirror analyzing my face and wondering how I came to look so like my mother without noticing. I’ve also realized that my waist no longer fits into baby fat but a middle-aged spread.
I also fear that I don’t know what middle age looks like for my generation. Did my mother still feel 24 when in reality she was 15 years older? And why do I not feel like I’m where I should be as I approach 40? I definitely remember writing a list of things I will have achieved by the time I’m 40 at 19. Where is the house in the South of France or the Porsche 911 she so desperately wanted?
Since then, I’ve started to redefine myself. I don’t want to put everything down to age but I can’t quite stop myself. Tired again? Must be my age. Thank God then for social media. All around me I see amazing women at the other end of their 40s. They’ve accepted their age and seem to love it, so I’m hopeful that as I move into the next decade that will be me too. And maybe I’ll get the Porsche before I’m 50.
32．What is implied in Paragraph 1?
A．The author has been friends with the TV celebrity.
B．The TV celebrity used to be popular among boys.
C．The TV celebrity now lives a life of extreme luxury.
D．The aging process doesn’t affect the TV celebrity.
33．In most cases, how do we perceive the aging process?
A．We clearly know what happens. B．It is very likely to slip our mind.
C．We can accept it quite peacefully. D．It always brings about hopelessness.
34．The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．a lady denying being old B．the ambitious self aged 19
C．a woman accepting her age D．the celebrity on the TV show
35．What is the theme of this article?
A．It matters not how long we live but how.
B．Wrinkles are just evidence of great wisdom.
C．Age is a very high price to pay for maturity.
D．The best tunes are played on the oldest violins.
【答案】32．B33．B34．C35．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有一天照镜子突然发现自己老了，从那以后就非常担心这件事。作者想到了自己的曾经写过的一个40岁之前想要写什么的清单，就改变了自己对变老这件事情的看法，对自己的生命从新做了定义，生命不在于长短，而在于我们怎样生活。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“Well, I didn’t recognize her but I recognized her name, I’d slightly known her in my 20s when she’d been the celebrity who had stolen my roommates’ boyfriends. ”（ 嗯，我没认出她，但我认出了她的名字，在我20多岁的时候，她是偷我室友男朋友的名人，我对她略知一二。）可知，她抢走了我室友的男朋友，可推断出她在男孩们中间很受欢迎。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句话“It’s a particularly cruel change of nature that we can’t see ourselves as others do. We see our own face so often that the wrinkles that start to cut through it just go unnoticed.”（ 这是一种特别残酷的自然变化，我们不能像别人那样看待自己。我们经常看到自己的脸，以至于开始划破脸的皱纹就被忽略了。）可推断，我们因为经常看到自己的脸而忽略自己正在变老的事实。故选B。
34．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面半句话“They’ve accepted their age and seem to love it”（他们接受了自己的年龄，似乎很喜欢这个年龄）可知，我希望在我进入下一个十年的时候，我也接受自己的年龄而且喜欢这个年龄。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述作者有一天照镜子突然发现自己老了，从那以后就非常担心这件事。作者想到了自己的曾经写过的一个40岁之前想要写什么的清单，就改变了自己对变老这件事情的看法，对自己的生命从新做了定义，生命不在于长短，而在于我们怎样生活。故选A。
阅读选择【江苏省海安市2021-2022学年高三年级上学期期中】
4 Study and Homework Apps for Android!
Brainly
Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year
Brainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually).Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. They charge on a quarter basis ($15)or a yearly basis($24).
Forest
Price: Free/Up to $1.99
Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone.Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows, The tree dies if you leave the app.Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you study or do homework.
Google Play Books
Price: Free app, book costs vary
Google Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once. Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.
Quizlet
Price: Free/$19.99 per year
Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any subject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.
1．What is special about Forest?
A．It helps keep you focused. B．It answers your questions.
C．It provides textbooks for your study. D．It motivates you to plant more trees.
2．Which app can you choose to learn languages?
A．Brainy. B．Forest.
C．Google Play Book. D．Quizlet.
3．What do these apps have in common?
A．They have no advertisements. B．They charge for some services.
C．They have enough learning resources. D．They are designed to do homework quickly.
【答案】1．A2．D3．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that.”可知，学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况，由此可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力，故A项正确。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning.”可知，Quizlet是最流行的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一，你可以选择该程序学习语言，故D项正确。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year”，第二段中的“Price: Free/Up to $1.99”，第三段中的“Price: Free app, book costs vary”及第四段中的“Price: Free/$19.99 per year”等信息可知，这四个应用程序都会针对一些服务收费，故B项正确。
After braving wind, snow, and dizzying heights in the mountains, a dog named Mera may have broken a world record without even knowing it. She began following a group of climbers who were getting ready to climb up to the top of Mount Baruntse in Nepal—it stands just south of Mount Qomolangma at 23,389 feet tall. Mera was easily frightened when the climbers first met her down in the village of Khare, so they were shocked when she suddenly bounded up next to them while they were coming down another mountain at 17,000 feet.
Mera had passed dozens of other climbers that she could have pleased, and focused her eyes on the leader of this month—long expedition, Seattle—based Don Wargowsky. In no time they were like peas and carrots. Don happily shared his sleeping bag,tent,and meals with his new companion while the crew was hiking to the Mount Baruntse Base Camp over the next two weeks.
When it finally came time to depart from the base camp and begin their climb up the mountain, Don knew the walk was not easy for a dog, so he tied her up near the camp.“She kept barking as we walked away,” said Don. “Half an hour into our climb I felt a tickle（发痒）on the back of my knee. I looked down and saw Mera following right behind me just like before.”
After reaching the last mountain camp before the summit, the climbing crew left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent with the hope that she would not try to follow them up the steep climb. Don was then surprised when he later turned around at 22,000 feet in order to take a photo only to see Mera climbing towards them slowly. Finally, after a long climb, they reached the summit and took photos celebrating the first dog to top Mount Baruntse.
4．What was true about Mera when the climbers first met her?
A．She had just broken a world record. B．Clearly it was easy for her to be scared.
C．The heights of the mountains dizzied her. D．She bounded up next to them now and then.
5．The sentence “they were like peas and carrots” in Paragraph 2 suggests that
A．they preferred peas and carrots B．they knew how to survive the cold
C．they got along very well together D．they were faithful climbing lovers
6．The climbers left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent because
A．it was difficult to wake her up B．she kept troubling them on the way
C．she was too weak to go on climbing D．the climb was more dangerous for her
7．Which words can best describe Mera?
A．Poor but lovely. B．Strong and helpful.
C．Smart but noisy. D．Brave and determined.
【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一个勇敢的叫Mera的狗，不畏艰辛与登山队员一起登上了尼泊尔的巴伦茨山（Mount Baruntse）山顶，打破了世界纪录。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mera was easily frightened when the climbers first met her down in the village of Khare ( 当登山者第一次在哈雷村遇到梅拉时，她很容易受到惊吓)”可知，Mera在登山之前，给人的印象是，她很容易受到惊吓。因此，当登山者第一次遇见梅拉时，B项“Clearly it was easy for her to be scared.(很显然，她很容易受到惊吓)”符合题意。故选B项。
5．句意猜测题。根据“In no time they were like peas and carrots. Don happily shared his sleeping bag,tent,and meals with his new companion while the crew was hiking to the Mount Baruntse Base Camp over the next two weeks.( 很快，他们就像豌豆和胡萝卜。在接下来的两个星期里，当队员们徒步前往巴伦斯山营地时，唐高兴地和他的新同伴分享他的睡袋、帐篷和食物。)”可知，探险队的领队Don非常喜欢Mera，他与Mera同吃同住了两个星期，可见他们之间相处非常愉快。因此，第二段中这个句子“they were like peas and carrots”的意思是他们相处地非常好，形影不离，就像豌豆与胡萝卜一样，C项“they got along very well together(他们相处的非常好)”符合题意，故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After reaching the last mountain camp before the summit, the climbing crew left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent with the hope that she would not try to follow them up the steep climb.( 到达山顶前的最后一个登山营后，登山队员把Mera留在Don的帐篷里，希望她不要试图跟着他们爬陡峭的山峰。)”可知，最后登山队员要爬的这个山峰很陡峭，他们认为，爬这个山峰对于Mera来说很危险，因此，他们把Mera留在Don的帐篷里睡觉。D项“the climb was more dangerous for her(这次攀登对Mera来说更加危险)”符合题意。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“when she suddenly bounded up next to them while they were coming down another mountain at 17,000 feet.( 当他们从17000英尺高的另一座山下来时，她突然跳到他们旁边，他们都很震惊。)”以及第三段“Half an hour into our climb I felt a tickle（发痒）on the back of my knee. I looked down and saw Mera following right behind me just like before.( 爬了半个小时后，我感到膝盖后面一阵痒。我低头一看，发现梅拉跟在我身后，跟以前一样。)”以及最后一段“Don was then surprised when he later turned around at 22,000 feet in order to take a photo only to see Mera climbing towards them slowly.( 当唐后来在22000英尺高的地方转身拍照时，唐惊讶地发现梅拉慢慢地向他们爬去。)”可知，在爬山的整个历程中，Mera始终紧紧跟随着登山队员，不管山峰多么陡峭，即使她被留在营地，她也会在后来跟上去，直到最后她跟队员们一起登上了山顶。因此，Mera是一个勇敢而又坚定的狗狗。最好的描述Mera的词语就是D项“Brave and determined.(勇敢而又坚定)”符合题意，故选D项。
Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us. Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. As someone who understood the distinction observed, “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours.”
Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age. They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.
Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly. Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we’ve never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as if lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine.
When days become as identical as beads (小珠子)on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day-to stop time, so to speak.
Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn’t have to be.
8．What is the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is used to show?
A．Physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time.
B．Physical time is different from psychological time.
C．Time should not be measured by a pendulum.
D．Psychological time is quite puzzling.
9．Which of the following will make you feel time flies faster?
A．A day spent exploring something unknown.
B．Staying with a person who you dislike.
C．A day packed with appointments to handle.
D．Driving to a new place for the first time.
10．What does “novelty” in Paragraph 3 probably means?
A．Amusement.
B．Excitement.
C．Imagination.
D．Unfamiliarity.
11．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain why time flies and how to slow it down psychologically.
B．To describe how we experience time psychologically.
C．To show the different ideas of physicists and psychologists on time.
D．To give various explanations about time.
【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是同样的事情，同样的时间，但是心理层面的时间和物理概念的时间是有差别的。文章解释了时间为什么过得很快以及怎么样让它变慢。
8．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. (物理学家创造了令人着迷的理论，但他们的时间是用钟摆来衡量的，而不是心理时间，心理时间与时钟或日历无关)”可知，划线句子When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours.(当你和一个好女孩坐在一起两小时，看起来像一分钟，但当你坐在一个热烘烘的炉子上，一分钟看起来像两个小时)是为了说明物理概念的时间和心理的时间是有区别的。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach. (他们还指出，日程安排和约会安排得越多，时间过得就越快。例如，在办公室的一天比在海滩的一天要快得多)”可知，时间安排得越紧，时间过得越快。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as if lasting a long time. (周围都是不熟悉的风景，我们不知道什么时候会到达，我们的旅行仿佛持续了很长时间)”可知，因为对周边的环境不熟悉才觉得时间过得慢。这种情况成为了生活的一种常规。由此可猜测划线部分是“不熟悉”。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. (学习新东西是减缓时间流逝的方法之一。我们的青年时代之所以显得充实而漫长，其中一个原因就是这是学习和发现的时期)”可知，本文的目的是解释时间为什么过得很快，以及怎么样让它变得慢。故选A。
For many businesses, the Internet has created benefits that go beyond their wildest dreams. It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world. Such freedom of access to information has a dark side, though, and many businesses are learning about the hard way.
These days, if you want to find a particular shop, just type in the name of the place you’re looking for on Google Maps to get directions instantly. You can also get information about hours of operation, the business’s telephone number, and more.
Unfortunately, some dishonest folks are using dirty tricks to manipulate（暗中控制）the system and deceive users. The problem exists because Google Maps is partly a crowdsourced undertaking, meaning anyone can enter information about a business whether it is true or false. All dishonest competitors have to do is enter a fake address, incorrect business hours, or any other lie about their competitors.
Google Maps is also littered with thousands of businesses that don’t even exist. Clicking on their links directs users to ill-intentioned sites. One particular group of businesses that have been taken over by liars almost completely are locksmiths. A large percentage of them are illegal businesses that aren’t licensed. These dishonest artists know how vulnerable you are, and they only take cash.
Using Google Maps isn’t the only way that businesses are waging war against one another on the Internet. Some shady businesses post fake negative reviews of their competitors on websites such as Yelp. It is so common that it can be difficult to tell the genuine reviews from the fake ones.
Crowdsourcing allows us to find out the good and the bad about businesses. Unfortunately, the fake reviews and the cheat make finding reliable businesses online far less convenient. For business owner, being the victims of effective cyber-attacks can actually be nails in their coffins.
12．The benefit of using the Internet for business listed in the passage is ________.
A．making it cheaper to promote one’s company
B．making it easier for customers to contact one’s company
C．making it convenient for one to communicate with clients
D．making it simpler for one to find top-quality employees
13．According to the article, we know about Google Maps that ________.
A．it provides a filter system to tell registered businesses from fake ones.
B．it is hard for users to manipulate information without permission
C．it will easily make users become virus-infected
D．it is difficult to find a legal locksmith on there
14．What does “nails in their coffins” mean in the final paragraph?
A．The businesses will start to take off.
B．The businesses will go out of business.
C．The businesses will need to advertise less often.
D．The businesses will need to invest more money.
15．What is the main idea of this article?
A．The Internet has caused a lot of trouble for some businesses.
B．The Internet has resulted in the death of traditional businesses.
C．The Internet creates both benefits and problems for businesses.
D．The Internet has brought more positive than negative results for business.
【答案】12．B13．D14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了网络为商业带来的效益,也提出了其带来的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world.网络降低了广告成本,提高了公司在世界各地的知名度”,可知这正是利用互联网进行商业活动的好处。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。跟据第四段“One particular group of businesses that have been taken over by liars almost completely are locksmiths. A large percentage of them are illegal businesses that aren’t licensed.”（ 被骗子几乎完全接管的一组企业是锁匠。其中很大一部分是未经许可的非法企业）由此可推知,很难在谷歌地图找到一个合法的锁匠。故选D项。
14．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, the fake reviews and the cheat make finding reliable businesses online far less convenient.”（ 不幸的是，虚假评论和欺骗使得在网上寻找可靠的企业变得更加不方便。），由此可推知,对企业主来说,成为有效网络攻击的受害者实际上可能是板上钉钉。所以对于有些商家而言,这可能是致命一击。由此可知,nails in their coffins的意思是企业将倒闭。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。阅读文章,并结合第一段前两句“For many businesses, the Internet has created benefits that go beyond their wildest dreams. It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world.”(对许多企业来说,互联网带来了超出他们最疯狂梦想的好处。它降低了广告成本，提高了全世界公司的知名度)可看出这是在说互联网给企业带来的好处。第三句话说的是不过,这种获取信息的自由也有其阴暗面,许多企业都在艰难地学习。)可知,文中陈述了网络为商业带来的效益,也提出了其带来的问题。故选C项。
阅读选择【广东省深圳实验学校、长沙市一中2021-2022学年高三上学期联考】
Make 2022 your most adventurous year by signing up for one of these trips of a lifetime. Sail to Aldabra Atoll for a fascinating journey, hike along the frontiers of Georgia, and explore different habitats of human and animals. These journeys in the remote areas are unlike any trip you’ve ever taken before.
Exodus Travels
This once-in-a-lifetime journey visits Aldabra Atoll, one of the most remote UNESCO World Heritage sites on the planet. Hidden away from the impact of humans, Aldabra has managed to sustain a population of 152,000 giant tortoises. This is the trip for wildlife enthusiasts. The clear waters of the Seychelles are home to 850 species of brilliantly colored fish that you’ll visit on snorkel and dive excursions (旅行).
Wild Frontiers Adventure Travel
Wild Frontiers Adventure Travel’s Georgia Walking Tour showcases the country’s wild side, with plenty of hikes in the Svaneti Mountains mixed with cultural experiences like a visit to the remote village of Adishi, home to just 12 families.
Natural Habitat Adventures
A nine-day adventure centered around Natural Habitat’s unique luxury base camp near the edge of the Greenland ice sheet. You’ll be in one of the world’s most remote locations (with a maximum of only 11 other travelers in your group), but still have access to hot showers and well-prepared meals. You’ll spend your days exploring the surrounding waters, meeting the local Inuit villagers, kayaking (独木舟), and so on.
Mountain Travel Sobek
Accompanied with expert guides, you’ll track gorillas through Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park, getting a rare chance to see these majestic creatures up close. You’ll also focus your search on another rare creature – the golden monkey.
1．Who will be most likely to choose Aldabra Atoll as a perfect destination?
A．A UNESCO officer. B．An experienced hiker.
C．An active environmentalist. D．A passionate animal lover.
2．What can we learn about the Natural Habitat Adventures?
A．Travelers will take a cold bath. B．Travelers have to make dinners alone.
C．Travelers will enjoy water sports. D．Travelers need to prepare a folding tent.
3．What do these trips have in common?
A．They are in remote locations. B．They provide wildlife visits.
C．They feature various cultural activities. D．They offer stays with local families.

【答案】1．D2．C3．A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文——旅游广告。介绍了四个探险旅游景点的相关内容，吸引人们报名参加探险旅游。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This once-in-a-lifetime journey visits Aldabra Atoll, ...... This is the trip for wildlife enthusiasts. The clear waters of the Seychelles are home to 850 species of brilliantly colored fish that you’ll visit on snorkel and dive excursions (旅行).”可知，这趟一生一次的旅程将访问Aldabra Atoll。……这是对野生动物爱好者的一次旅行。 Seychelles清澈的水域上有850种色彩鲜艳的鱼类，你会通过浮潜和潜水旅行来观赏这些鱼类。因此热情的动物爱好者最有可能把这里当作完美的目的地。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A nine-day adventure centered around Natural Habitat’s unique luxury base camp near the edge of the Greenland ice sheet. ”可知，为期九天的探险活动围绕着格陵兰冰原边缘的Natural Habiat独特的豪华大本营展开。再根据本段中“You’ll spend your days exploring the surrounding waters, meeting the local Inuit villagers, kayaking (独木舟), and so on.”可知，你可以探索附近的水域，遇到当地的因纽特居民，独木舟等。因此可以推断出游客可以进行水上项目。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These journeys in the remote areas are unlike any trip you’ve ever taken before.”可知这几个旅游项目的共同之处是都位于偏远地区。故选A项。
Severe plantar fasciitis (足底筋膜炎) meant I’d been a full-time wheelchair user since I was 12. By the time I was 16, I just wanted my leg off. It took six years for the doctors to operate as they insisted on waiting until I was older and in a good enough place mentally. I held off until I finished my degree. Afterward, with an artificial leg fitted, the world felt like a different place. I’d not walked in years. Suddenly I was a lot taller and no longer in any pain.
When I was in a wheelchair I discovered a real love for sport. I started to compete in wheelchair racing, and soon found I was good at discus (铁饼) throwing. I started competing in Tough Mudder (an endurance event series), progressing from walking with crutches to blade (小腿假肢) running. I now compete in sports internationally and have won the silver medal for adaptive judo at the World Judo Games.
At the time of the surgery I worked as an accountant, but I soon realized I didn’t want to be sitting in an office all day as I’d been in a wheelchair for so long. Therefore, as soon as the revision surgery was complete, I handed in my notice.
My career took a different path after I was asked to be a guest presenter for the Duke of Edinburgh’s Awards. Now I speak to schools, colleges and organizations about a wide range of subjects such as disability, discrimination, disability in sport, and perseverance. I share my own personal stories, whether that’s how I lost my leg and what I learned from it, my perseverance, and how I followed my dream.
Now most of my income comes from working as a motivational speaker, which I’ve been doing full time for a year. I love what I do, and if I continue to inspire others to do what they want to in life, then I’m happy.
4．How did the author probably feel after his leg was cut off?
A．Anxious. B．Relieved. C．Hopeless. D．Annoyed.
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The author’s passion for sports.
B．Awards the author won playing sports.
C．What sports the author is good at.
D．How the author prepared for Tough Mudder.
6．What do the underlined words “handed in my notice” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Quit the job.
B．Asked for leave.
C．Got promoted.
D．Spread the news to others.
7．What’s the main reason for him to be a motivational speaker?
A．It was his dream during childhood.
B．He enjoys the fame it brings him.
C．It brings him money and a sense of fulfillment.
D．He wants more people to care about the disabled.
【答案】4．B5．A6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由于足底筋膜炎，长期坐轮椅。在手术后，作者凭借自己的努力在国际比赛中取得好成绩，并且进行励志演讲。他坚持做自己热爱的事情，并且激励他人做想做的事情。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的Afterward, with an artificial leg fitted, the world felt like a different place. I’d not walked in years. Suddenly I was a lot taller and no longer in any pain.（用一条人造腿后，我的整个世界感觉就像一个不同的地方。我好几年没走了。突然我高了很多，不再痛苦。）从不再痛苦可以看出，作者把他的腿切除后，感觉到放松。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据When I was in a wheelchair I discovered a real love for sport. I started to compete in wheelchair racing, and soon found I was good at discus (铁饼) throwing. I started competing in Tough Mudder (an endurance event series), progressing from walking with crutches to blade (小腿假肢) running. I now compete in sports internationally and have won the silver medal for adaptive judo at the World Judo Games.可知，当我坐在轮椅上时，我发现了对运动的热爱。我开始参加轮椅赛车比赛，不久后发现自己擅长铁饼投掷。我开始参加Tough Mudder（一项耐力赛系列）比赛，从拐杖走路到小腿假肢跑步。我现在参加国际体育比赛，并在世界柔道比赛中获得了适应性柔道的银牌。从I discovered a real love for sport.可以看出，第二段主要在表达作者对运动的热情。故选A。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段的At the time of the surgery I worked as an accountant, but I soon realized I didn’t want to be sitting in an office all day as I’d been in a wheelchair for so long.可知，手术时，我是一名会计，但是不久之后，我意识到我不想整天坐在办公室里，因为我坐在轮椅上已经很久了。所以作者在完成手术时，立刻辞去他的工作符合题意。“handed in my notice” 意思是辞职。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段Now most of my income comes from working as a motivational speaker, which I’ve been doing full time for a year. I love what I do, and if I continue to inspire others to do what they want to in life, then I’m happy.可知，现在，我的大部分收入来自担任励志演讲者，而我已经全职工作了一年。我热爱自己所做的事情，如果我继续激励他人去做自己生活中想要做的事情，那么我会很高兴。由此可以推出，作者通过励志演讲可以获得金钱，并且可以在激励别人做想做的事情中得到满足，获得成就感，这正是他成为一位励志演说家的主要原因。故选C。
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.
The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app.
After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate and automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.
8．Why was SocialRecall developed?
A．To identify people. B．To meet friends. C．To organize events. D．To take photos.
9．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．How the app was created. B．What makes the app popular.
C．How the app functions. D．What people can do with the app.
10．How does SocialRecall help people with prosopagnosia?
A．By giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones.
B．By collecting information previously entered in the phone.
C．By providing the information of a person when they first meet.
D．By showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face.
11．What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?
A．It may put people’s privacy at risk. B．It has caused unintended consequences.
C．It can prevent some communication disorders. D．It’s praised by users for its protective measures.
【答案】8．A9．C10．D11．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一款叫做SocialRecall的面部识别应用程序。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.”（这款名为SocialRecall的应用程序通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别将名字与人脸连接起来，潜在地避免了正式介绍的需要。）可知，SocialRecall这款软件的开发是为了识别人。故选A项。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段关键句“After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media.”（在收到活动组织者发出的下载SocialRecall的邀请后，用户需要自拍两张，然后通过社交媒体登录。）及 “When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile.”（当用户将手机摄像头对准参与者的脸时，该应用程序就能识别此人，显示此人的名字，并链接到他或她的社交媒体资料。）可知，文章第三段主要描述了这款应用是如何工作的。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name.When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed.”（要使用这款应用，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后用名字标记它。当相机在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来。）可知，当SocialRecall发现储存的面孔时，就会显示这个人的信息，从而帮助有人面失忆症的人。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. ”（一款新的面部识别应用可能会救场，但隐私专家建议谨慎行事。）及倒数第二段关键句“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.””（然而，她警告说，当人们选择在应用程序上分享他们的个人信息时，他们应该知道“在未来的道路上，可能会有意想不到的后果，这些信息被用于另一种情况，可能会反过来咬你一口。”）可知，SocialRecall可能会把人们的隐私置于危险之中。故选A项。
Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital services, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six publishers, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles away, book files can be downloaded at home. The files disappear from the device when they are due.
E-lending is not simple, however. There are various incompatible e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s global market dominance, as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon, the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are a perfect market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month. But a recent Pew survey found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. It also noted that e-books actually are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may inspire people to buy.
So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing price earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.
12．It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．several big publishers have sold e-books to libraries
B．both libraries and publishers caution the e-book piracy
C．some publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries
D．libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers
13．What worries publishers about people’s switch to e-books?
A．The risk of e-book piracy.
B．The possible decline of book sales.
C．No time limit for the downloaded book files.
D．The availability of the incompatible e-book formats.
14．We can learn from Paragraph 3 and 4 that ________.
A．Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers
B．OverDrive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers
C．over half of Americans are borrowing e-books from libraries
D．the fees of lending e-books are under the control of publishers
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Hopeful Future of Publishing Business
B．The Uncertain Economics of Lending E-books
C．The Dull Relationship between Libraries and Publishers
D．The Close Cooperation between OverDrive and Amazon
【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲出版商们知道自己需要电子产品，但是出于对盗版和销售损失的顾虑，他们对电子书业务非常不确定。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy and lost sales to co-operate.(就像一场令人厌倦的婚姻，图书馆和出版商之间的关系长期以来都很乏味。然而，电子书却让人心痛。图书馆知道他们需要数字产品，但许多出版商对盗版和销售损失过于谨慎，不愿合作)”可知，出版商出于诸多顾虑对和图书馆合作很谨慎。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles away, book files can be downloaded at home. The files disappear from the device when they are due.(出版商感到紧张是明智的。如果这些人转而借阅电子书而不是购买电子书，那会怎样呢？电子借阅非常方便。印刷书籍必须在几英里外的实体图书馆借阅并归还，而与之不同的是，图书文件可以在家里下载。当文件到期时，它们会从设备中消失)”可推知，人们转向电子书，出版商担心实体书销量可能下降。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon, the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website.(去年，当OverDrive与世界上最大的在线书店亚马逊合作时，出版商们很是恼火。亚马逊Kindle电子阅读器的所有者如果想从图书馆借阅电子书，现在会被重定向到亚马逊的网站)”以及第四段中“Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners' Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.(去年晚些时候，亚马逊推出了Kindle用户借阅图书馆，每月可以让最好的用户从数千本畅销书中免费借阅一本)”可知，亚马逊正在采取措施赢得更多客户。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy and lost sales to co-operate.(就像一场令人厌倦的婚姻，图书馆和出版商之间的关系长期以来都很乏味。然而，电子书却让人心痛。图书馆知道他们需要数字产品，但许多出版商对盗版和销售损失过于谨慎，不愿合作)”结合文章主要是讲出版商们知道自己需要电子产品，但是出于对盗版和销售损失的顾虑，他们对电子书业务非常不确定。故B选项“电子书出借的不确定性经济学”最符合文章标题。故选B。