必修第1册 Unit 4-2022年高考英语一轮夯实基础复习学案（人教版2019）

人教新教材（2019）·高中英语

学业水平测试基础知识复习

教学案

必修第一册 Unit 4   Natural Disaster

（一）识记词汇

disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, tsunami, flood, volcano, rescue, damage, destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, crack, percent, brick, metal, shock, electricity, trap, bury, breathe, revive, effort, unify, wisdom, context, suffer, hurricane, survive, power, pipe, whistle, emergency, calm, aid, crash, sweep, wave, strike, deliver, summary, length, *release, *deadly

（二）词形变化

destroy v. 毁灭，破坏

 destroyer n. 破坏者

destruction n. 毁灭，破坏

destructive adj. 毁灭性的，引起破坏的

affect vt. 影响，假装，（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等）

     affection n. 假装 

     affected adj. 假装的，做作的 

     affecting adj. 深深打动人的

affectively adv.   effect n. 影响     

effective adj. 有效的

percent n. 百分之……

  percentage n. 百分比，百分率

shock vt. 感到震惊

  shocked adj. 感到震惊的      

shocking adj. 令人震惊的

electricity n.  电

  electric/ electrical adj. 用电的，电动的   

electronic adj. 电子的

  electronically adv.        

electrically adv.

breathe v. 呼吸

  breath n. 呼吸

unify v. 同意，使成一体

  unification n.

wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的

  wisely adv.          

wisdom n. 智慧，明智

suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨

  sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者      

suffering n. 痛苦，苦难

  sufferance n. 经勉强同意，由于（某人的）宽容

power n. 能力，权力，能量 v. 驱动，带动

  powerful adj. 有权势的，有影响力的，强有力的

  powerfully adv. 强有力地，激动人心地

  powerless adj. 无权的，无影响力的  

powerlessness n.

survive v. 存货，生存，幸免于难

  survival n. 存活，幸存，残存物   

survivor n. 幸存者

emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况

  emergent adj. 新兴的，处于发展初期的

sum n. 总数，（数字的）简单计算 v. 总结，概括

  summary n. 总结，概括，概要 adj. 总结性的，概要的

  summarily adv.       

summarize vt. 总结，概括，概述

length n. 长度

  long adj. 长的，长时间的，长久的，长期的 adv. 长期地  

lengthen v. （使）边长

（三）词汇应用

1. 辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, break, spoil

2. 辨析：survive, save, rescue

3. suffer v.

（四）单元重点短语汇总

（五）单元重点句式汇总： 限制性定语从句

（六）教材里的语法题目

1. In this unit, you will listen to news reports about natural disasters and discuss disaster ______ (safe) measures.

2. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous ______ (eat), and dogs refused ______ (go) inside buildings.

3. Mice ran out of the fields ______ (look) for places ______ (hide), and ______ (fish) jumped out of the water.

4. But the city’s one million people were ______ (sleep) as usual that night.

5. It seemed as if the world were coming to ______ end.

6. Eleven kilometers ______ (direct) below the city, one of the most ______ (dead) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake ______ even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.

7. A huge crack, eight kilometers in ______ (long) and 30 meters in ______ (wide), cut across houses, roads, and waterways.

8. The number of people who ______ (kill) or ______ (bad) injured in the quake ______ (be) more than 400, 000.

9. Nearly everything in the city ______ (destroy).

10. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals ______ (go).

11. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe ______ (cross).

12. Water, food, and electricity were hard ______ (get).

13. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those ______ were trapped and ______ (bury) the dead.

14. Workers built shelters for survivors ______ homes ______ (build).

15. Water and food ______ (bring) into the city by train, truck, and plane.

16. Tangshan started to revive ______ (it) and get back up on ______ (it) feet.

17. Having an emergency kit ______ (prepare) is also very important.

18. Read the news report ______ (release) the day after a tsunami and answer the questions.

19. The most ______ (power) earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ______ (kill) more than 6, 500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.

20. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves ______ (cause) by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

21. In Sri Lanka, some 1, 600 kilometers west of the quake center, the number of ______ (dead) stood at 2, 498, and one million more ______ (affect) by the tsunami, government officials said.

22. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make ______ difficult to deliver food and supplies.

1. safety 2. to eat, to go 3. looking, to hide; fish 4. asleep/sleeping 5. an 6. directly; deadly; that/which

7. length, width 8. were killed; badly; was 9. was destroyed 10. were gone 11. to cross 12. to get

13. who; to bury 14. whose; had been destroyed 15. were brought 16. itself; its 17. prepared 18. released

19. powerful; killing 20. caused 21. deaths; were affected 22. it

（七）语法:限制性定语从句：关系代词

（八）写作——新闻报道小结

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。

We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn’t the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.

Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, they can’t judge each other because of their clothes. It also voids arguments about who or what is fashionable.

However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes.

But can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in us.

Wearing proper clothes is important for first impressions. （要点1）For example, schools ask students to wear a uniform because it benefits them in various ways, such as being serious about their study. （要点2）Besides schools, other places, like hospitals, banks, police stations and some companies also want their staff to dress in uniforms because of convenience. （要点3） In conclusion, our clothes can show our attitude and win trust from others. （要点4）

词句基础巩固练习点·必修第一册·Unit 4 Natural Disaster                     

一、听力填空（共15小题；单词每个1.5分，短语每个3分，满分30分）

 根据所听材料填出下面句子中所缺的单词或短语。每段材料读两遍。

Scene 1:情景介绍：一位男士和一位女士在谈论诸如台风、地震这样的自然灾害，歌颂了人们在灾害来临时的团结精神。

Scene 2:情景介绍：斯蒂芬在看报纸，有报道说一万多人在地震中丧生，现在他在跟朵拉谈论这场灾害。

1 Terrible 2 died 3 earthquake 4 disasters 5 why 6 is located on 7 survived 8 gone through 9 rescue 10 point 11 destroyed 12 caused serious damage to 13 am deeply affected by 14 the earthquake area 15 donating

二、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

 根据汉语或首字母提示填出本单元所学单词。

1. At least 38 people were ____________(死的) and 70 injured after two explosions.

2. She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come to her ___________ (帮助，援助).

3. Rescuers landed on the White Island after ____________ (火山的) eruptions in New Zealand.

4. 72 hours is the critical (关键的) rescue time after an earthquake ____________ (侵袭) a region.

5. The problems faced by the poor countries would be more serious for lack of medical ____________ (补给品).

6. The government has declared a state of ____________ (紧急情况) after the earthquake.

7. Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable. You may even have entered the shop just to take s____________ from a sudden shower.

8. In the long term, UV radiation from the sun can ____________ (破坏) the DNA in cells, which can be repaired though.

9. We should make every e____________ to encourage teenagers to protect our blue planet.

10. We promise to d____________ within 48 hours.

1 dead 2 aid 3 volcanic 4 strikes 5 supplies 6 emergency 7 shelter 8 damage 9 effort 10 deliver

三、单句语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Boeing’s commercially best seller 737 MAX has been grounded (使停飞) globally since the two ____________ (dead) air crashed happened in March 2019.

2. It will be considered a miracle (奇迹) if someone is saved after ____________(trap) for 72 hours.

3. I believe Chinese ____________ (wise) will play a greater role and help us achieve the final victory.

4. I was ____________ (shock) to see that not only is there a paved highway through the mountains to come here but also the Internet and cellphone service here is excellent.

5. The rover (探测车)Yutu II has helped scientists unveil (揭露) the secrets ____________ (bury) deep under the surface on the far side of the moon.

6. Jenny drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded in. She was ____________ (flood) with joy to welcome a brand-new day.

7. A team of ____________ (rescue) has arrived at the site, but it remains unknown what caused the accident.

8. Aspirin is a simple but highly ____________ (effect) treatment.

9. More than one thousand people were killed when a ____________ (power) earthquake struck western Indonesia at the end of September.

10. The air was so cold that we could hardly ____________ (breath).

1 deadly 2 being trapped 3 wisdom 4 shocked 5 buried 6 flooded 7 rescuers 8 effective 9 powerful 10 breathe

四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

 用方框内短语的适当形式填空，有两项为多余选项。

1. Only if we ________________________ and have a clear mind will we be able to make judgement.

2. We can’t do outdoor exercises ________________________, but we don’t want to lie around every day.

3. She has had ________________________ five hours’ sleep a night for over 40 days as she has been busy organizing efforts to prevent and control the disease.

4. When we are faced with a problem, we’d better take actions ________________________ just sitting around and waiting for some people to fix it.

5. The high-tech company will ________________________ help governments overcome difficulties during the special period.

6. Justin clenched (咬紧) his teeth, ________________________ and ran as fast as he could.

7. They not only ________________________ the virus, but also faced discrimination (歧视).

8. The perfect geographic location helps the city connect to ________________________ locations around the world.

9. She was strangely dressed ________________________ she had come from the Mars.

10. A submarine (潜水艇) named “Nautilus (鹦鹉螺号)” is diving deeper to find an ancient city ________________________.

1 calm down 2 as usual 3 less than 4 instead of 5 make every effort to 6 got up on his feet 7 suffered from 8 a large number of 9 as if 10 in ruins

五、英汉互译（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）

1. 虽然新型冠状病毒很难攻克，但是我们已经取得了很大的进步。

2. 昨天晚上我们看的电影非常有趣。

3. 你笑起来真好看，就像春天的花儿一样。

4. Standing on the ancient town wall, visitors can see four old pagodas (佛塔) over the mountains, forming a spectacular (壮观的) sight.

5. Hours after the disaster, local officials said the building was still too dangerous for rescuers to search for the missing people.

1 Though the novel coronavirus is difficult to cope with, we have made great progress.

2 The film which/that we saw last night is very interesting.

3 You look very pretty with a smile as if you were a flower in spring.

4 站在古城墙上，游客们可以看见四座古佛塔耸立在山顶上，形成一幅壮观的景象。

5 灾难发生数小时后，当地官员宣布建筑物仍然太危险，以至于救援人员无法搜救失踪人员。

语法基础巩固练习·必修第一册·Unit 4 关系代词引导的定语从句

1、关系代词有：

既指人又指物：that, as, whose； 

指人：who, whom； 

指物：which；

2、关系代词在从句中的语法功能：

that, as, who, which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；

 whom在从句中作宾语、表语；

whose在从句中作定语；

（一）单句语法填空。（关系代词）

1. If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, __________ provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

2. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid __________ would enjoy public speaking.

3. What you need is a great teacher __________ lets you make mistakes.

4. Especially for a student __________ is learning English as their new language, he should feel confident enough to say, “I don’t know, but I want to know.”

5. They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

6. The students benefitting most from college are those __________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.

7. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.

8. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

9. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the disaster.

10. Those __________ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 pm.

11. The first museum __________ he visited in China was the History Museum.

12. The film __________ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.

13. I know the person __________ house was destroyed in the earthquake.

14. It is the tallest building __________ Daming has seen ever since he came here.

15. My father bought a new bike for me __________ price added up to more than 1, 000 yuan.

16. She said she would do anything __________ could help her mother recover from the disease.

17. Anyone __________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

18. The boy and the dog __________ are in the picture are very lovely.

1 which   2 who/that  3 who/that   4 who/that  5 who/that  6 who

7 that/which   8 whose   9 that/who   10 who   11 that   12 that/which

13 whose   14 that   15 whose   16 that   17 who   18 that

（二）用定语从句合并句子。

1. Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.

 Do you know the man __________________________________________________?

2. The woman is my mother. You are looking after her.

The woman __________________________________________________ is my mother.

3. My grandparents live in a house. The house is more than 100 years old.

 My grandparents live in a house __________________________________________________.

4. Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.

 Last week Mary wore the dress __________________________________________________.

5. The girl is from America. Her father is a teacher.

 The girl __________________________________________________ is from America.

6. The room is mine. Its windows face north.

 The room __________________________________________________ is mine.

1 who/that spoke to the headmaster just now   

2 who(m)/ that you’re look after

3 which/that is more than 100 years old    

4 (that/which) I gave to her

5 whose father is a teacher       

6 whose windows face north