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选择性必修第2册 Unit 1 Science and Sceintists -2022年高考英语一轮夯实基础复习学案（人教版2019）
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这是一份选择性必修第2册 Unit 1 Science and Sceintists -2022年高考英语一轮夯实基础复习学案（人教版2019），共29页。学案主要包含了学习提纲，知识点学习，语法，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
人教新教材（2019）选择性必修第二册 教学案
Unit 1 Science And Scientists
一、学习提纲
（一）话题：
（二）词汇
识记词汇
词形变化
词汇运用
词汇练习
词汇讲解
I
课标词汇
非课标词汇
II
课标词汇
非课标词汇
III
课标词汇
非课标词汇
（三）语法：
理论知识：《同步作业》 P.
练 习：《课时考点专题监测》 P. Ex.
（四）写作：
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化 2、词汇运用
（二）阅读文章练习
（三）教材内的语法题目
（四）单元重点词组积累
（五）单元重点句式积累
（六）语法
（七）写作
（八）单元词句基础练习
（九）单元语法基础练习
提醒：
词汇部分含有英语音标，为确保正确显示，请下载安装英语音标字体Kingsoft phonetic plain和Gwipa。
一、学习提纲
一、话题：科学与科学家
二、词汇
识记词汇
词形变化
词汇运用
词汇练习
词汇
讲解
I
课标词汇
serve, once and for all, contradictory, infection, subscribe (to), proof, multiple, water pump, household, suspect, blame, handle, intervention, link, raw, pure, substantial, decrease, thanks to, statistic, transform, microscope, thinking, protein, cell, virus
infect, multiple, suspect, pure, transform
blame, thanks to, link， suspect
《课后达标训练》
P. 129 Ex. 1-2
P. 131 Ex. 1-2
《同步作业》
P. 7-11
非课标词汇
cholera, diarrhea, dehydration, frustrated, infect, germ, pump, epidemiology
II
课标词汇
finding, initial, framework, theoretical, solid, cast, shadow, rainbow, pour, concrete, mechanic, break out, defend, assistant, in charge of, missile, leadership, outstanding, gifted, come down, abstract, concept, astronomer, telescope, brilliant, above all, fault, shift, vivid
initial, solid, patriotic, defend, assistant, steady, brilliant, fault, vivid
break短语，in charge of, come短语
《课后达标训练》
P. 135 Ex. 1-2
《同步作业》
P. 22- 26
非课标词汇
vaccine, plasma, aerospace, patriotic, mechanical, aviation, jet, trace, steady, besides, furthermore
三、语法：非限制性定语从句
理论知识：《同步作业》 P. 14-15
练 习：《课后达标训练》 P. 15 Ex. 1- 2
四、写作：
有关科学精神的文章
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化
infect v. 传染，使感染；使携带病菌；使感染（计算机病毒）；使感染（某种感情），影响
àinfected adj. 带菌的，感染病菌的
infection n. 传染，感染；患有感染病，有传染力
infective adj. （医学）会传染的，传染性的
infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的（尤指通过呼吸）；患有传染病，有传染力的
infectiously adv.
infectiousness n.
multiple adj. 数量多的，多种多样的 n. （数量）倍数
àmultiplication n. 乘，相乘，增加
multiplicity n. 多样性，多种多样
multiplier n. （数学）乘数，倍数
multiply v. 乘，乘以；成倍增加，迅速增加；（使）繁殖，增值；
suspect v. （不用于进行时）觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）；感觉有问题，不信任，怀疑；怀疑（某人有罪） n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子，可疑对象 adj. 不可信的，靠不住的；可疑的，可能有危险额，有违法嫌疑的
àsuspected adj. 被怀疑的
suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑；感觉，看法；猜疑，不放心；少许，一点儿
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的，怀疑的；令人怀疑的，可疑的；不信任的，持怀疑态度的
suspiciously adv. 怀疑地，有疑心地；令人怀疑地，行迹（或神色等）可疑地；以怀疑的态度，不信任地；
pure adj. 纯的，纯净的，纯粹的；干净的，不含有害物质的；完全的；纯真的，无邪的，贞洁的，正派的；清晰的，纯正的；纯理论的，非应用的；血统纯的，纯种的
àpurely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify v. 使（某物）洁净，净化；洗涤（思想），净化（心灵）；（术语）提纯，精炼
purification n.
purifier n. 清洁器，净化器
transform v. 使改变形态；使改变外外观（或性质），使改观
àtransformation n. （彻底的）变化，改观，转变，改革；（用于南非）民主改革
transformational adj.
transformer n. 变压器
initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的；n. （名字的）首字母；（全名的）首字母；v. 用姓名的首字母作标记（或签名）于；
àinitialize v. （计算机）初始化（计算机程序或系统）；预置，格式化（磁盘）
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
solid adj. 固体的，坚硬的；无空隙的，非中空的，实心的；结实的，坚固的，牢固的；可靠的，可信赖的，坚实的；相当不错（但谈不上出色或独特）的；纯质的，纯……的，全……的；连续的，不间断的，整整的；纯色的，单色的；（几何）立体的，立方的；一致的，意见统一的；n. 固体；（几何）立体图形
àsolidly adv. 坚固地，结实地，牢固地；连续地，不间断地，整整地；一致地，完全支持
solidity n.固态，坚固性，可靠性
solidify v. （使）凝固，变硬，变得结实；（使）变得坚定，变得稳固，巩固
solidification n.
patriotic adj. 爱国的
àpatriotically adv.
patriotism n.爱国主义，爱国精神
patriot n. 爱国者
defend v. 防御，保护，保卫；辩解，辩白；（体育运动）防守；参加比赛（或选举）保住（头衔、席位等）；（为……）辩护，当辩护律师
àdefense (=defence) n. 防御，保护，保卫；防御物，防务，防御能力；国防机构，国防体系；辩解，辩白；辩护，辩词，答辩；防守队员；卫冕赛
defenseless adj. 软弱的，不能自卫的，无防御的
defendant n. 被告人
defender n. 防守队员，后卫；守卫者，保护人，防御者
defensible adj. 可辩解的，合乎情理的，有正当理由的；可防御的，可守护的
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；（体育）防守的
assist v. 帮助，协助，援助；促进n. （曲棍球等）助攻；（棒球等）助杀
àassistance n. 帮助，援助，支持
assistant n. 助力，助手；助教（在国外留学的大学生，教授本国语） adj. 助理的，副的
steady adj. （发展、增长等）稳步的，持续的，匀速的；稳定的，恒定的；稳的，平稳的，稳固的；（人）沉稳的，可靠的；v. 使稳，使平稳，稳住；恢复平稳，稳定下来；使平静，使冷静，使镇定 adv. 稳定词，持续地，稳固地；exclamation. （要求对方鬼主意言行）哎，注意点；（提醒对方小心）注意，当心，小心
àsteadily adv. 稳定地
steadiness n.
brilliant adj. 巧妙的，使人印象深的；很成功的；聪颖的，技艺高的；（光线或色彩）明亮的，鲜艳的；很好的，杰出的；
àbrilliance n.
brilliantly adv.
fault n. 责任，过错，过时；弱点，缺点；缺陷，毛病，故障；发球失误；v.（常与can、could连用于否定句）发现错误，找出缺点
àfaultless anj. 没有错误的，无缺点的，完美无缺的
faulty adj. 不完美的，有错误的，有缺陷的；（思想方法）错误的，有错误的
vivid adj. （记忆、描述等）清晰的，生动的，逼真的；鲜明的，耀眼的，鲜艳的，强烈的；（人的想象）丰富的
àvividly adv.
vividness Un.
2、词汇运用
1. blame [bleIm]
Vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，职责 blame sb./ sth. (for sth.) | blame sth. on sb./ sth.
She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.
她没把父亲的死负罪于任何人。
n. （坏事或错事的）责任，责备，指责
Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?
为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？
be to blame (for sth.) （对坏事）负有责任
Which driver was to blame for the accident?
哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？
don’t blame me （劝阻别人时说）别怪我
Call her if you like, but don’t blame me if she’s angry.
你想给她打电话就打吧，不过要是她生气就别怪我。
I don’t blame sb. (for doing sth.) 我不怪……，……的做法是可以理解的
—“I just slammed the phone down when he said that.” — “I don’t blame you!”
——他一说那话我就啪的一下挂了电话。——你做的好。
only have yourself to blame 只能怪你自己，是你自己的错
If you lose your job, you’ll only have yourself to blame.
如果你丢掉了工作，你只能责怪你自己。
blameless [bleImlEs]
adj. 无过错的，无可指责的
None of us is entirely blameless in this matter.
在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。
blamelessly adv.
2. link [lInk]
n. 联系，连接 link (between A and B)
Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。
n. 关系，纽带 link (between A and B) | link (with sth.)
Social customs provide a vital link between generations.
社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
n. 交通路线，通讯手段
The speech was broadcast via a satellite link.
这次演讲是通过卫星播放的。
n. （计算机）链接
To visit similar website to this one, click on the links at the bottom of the page.
要访问与这个网站类似的网站，点击网页底部的链接。
v. 把（物体、机器、地方等）连接起来 link A to/ with B | link A and B (together)
The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。
v. 联系，相关联link A to/ with B | link A and B (together)
Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancers.
受紫外线照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。
v. 说明（两件东西或两人之间）有联系（或关系）
Detectives have linked the break-in to a similar crime in the area last year.
侦探认为这起入室盗窃案与去年此地区以类似案件有关。
v. 挽住，钩住，套在一起
The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.
两个女孩挽着胳膊沿街漫步而行。
link up (with sb./ sth.) （与……）连接，结合，使连接，使结合
The two space-craft will link up in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
linkage [lInkIdV]
n. 连接，联系，链环，连锁
This chapter explores the linkage between economic development and the environment.
本章探讨的是经济发展与环境之间的关系。
n. 联动装置
3. charge [tFB:dV]
n. （商品和服务所需的）要价，收费
We have to make a small charge for refreshments.
我们得收取少量茶点费。
n. =charge account/ credit account
Would you like to put that on your charge?
你愿意把这笔费用记在你的账上吗？
v. 指控，控告
He will be sent back to England to face a charge of armed robbery.
他将被遣返回英格兰面临持械抢劫罪的指控。
Cn. 指责，谴责
She rejected the charge that the story was untrue.
她否认了说她编造事实的指责。
Un. 主管，掌管，照管，职责，责任
She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
I’m leaving the school in your charge.
我这就把学校交给你掌管。
n.（电池或带电物质的）充电量，电荷
a positive/negative charge
正/负电荷
Cn.冲锋，突然猛冲，猛攻
He led the charge down the field.
他带着沿着球场冲杀过去。
Cn.（射击或爆炸的）炸药量
n.感染力，震撼力
the emotional charge of the piano piece
那首钢琴曲扣人心弦的感染力
n.任务，责任
His charge is to obtain specific information.
他的任务是收集具体的信息。
v.收费，要价charge (sb./ sth.) for sth. | charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)
The restaurant charged £20 for dinner.
这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。
We won’t charge you for delivery.
我们送货不收费。
He only charged me half price.
他只收我半价。
vt.在某人账上记入charge sth. to sth.
They charge the calls to their credit-card account.
他们用信用卡账户支付电话费。
Don’t worry. I’ll charge it.
别担心，我会用信用卡付款的。
vt.指控，控告，起诉指责，谴责charge sb. with (doing) sth.
He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
Opposition MPs charged the minister with neglecting her duty.
反对党议员指控女部长玩忽职守。
v.猛攻，猛冲，冲锋；向……方向冲去
We charged at the enemy.
我们向敌人发起冲锋。
The children charged down the stairs.
孩子们冲下楼梯。
vt.（通常用于被动语态）赋予……职责（或任务），使……承担责任（或任务） charge sb. with sth.
The committee has been charged with the development of sport in the region.
委员会已被赋予在该地区发展体育运动的职责。
vt.充电charge up
The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling.
这种剃须刀可以充电供旅行中使用。
vt.（通常用于被动语态）使……充满情绪charge sth. (with sth.)
The room was charged with hatred.
这个房间里充满了敌意。
vt.注满（玻璃杯）
Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom!
请各位斟满酒杯，向新娘、新郎敬酒。
bring/ press/ prefer charges against sb. （法律）起诉，控告
get a charge out of sth.从……中得到快感（或快乐、乐趣）
chargeable [tFB:dVEbl] chargeable (to sb./sth.)
adj.（一笔钱）应支付的，应偿付的
Any expenses you may incur will be chargeable to the company.
你的所有开销将有本公司支付。
adj.（正常收入或其他所得）应征税的
chargeable earnings/income
应征税的工资/收入
charge hand [tFB:dVhAnd] n.副领班，副组长
charge nurse n.主管护士，护士长（尤指领班）
charger [tFB:dVE] n.充电器
charge sheet n. （警察局的）被起诉者名单
4. break短语
break away (from) 突然挣脱；逃脱；(尤指赛跑)跑掉，甩掉；革除(习惯思想方式或信仰等)；拆毁；脱离，背叛(政党/国家等，尤指再组建新的)
break down 崩溃，瓦解；(指机器)出故障，坏掉；身体或精神衰弱；情绪失去控制；失败；被搞垮；垮掉；划分成部分(以便分析)
break sth. down 将(门窗等)捣毁，打倒；武力推翻，镇压；分析；分类(统计资料)；分解……的化学成分；破坏，消除(尤指某种感情或态度)
break in 强行进入房间
break sb./sth. in 训练某人/物，培训；把……穿得合适；使舒适自如(尤指新鞋))
break in on/upon 打扰，打断
break into 强行进入，闯入(建筑物等)；撬开汽车等；突然发出，突然开始；侵占；找开(大面植钞票，买小商品额)；启用(应急用品)；成功参与；顺利打入
break off 停止(中止)说话；停顿，暂停；解除(婚约)；断开；拆断
break out(指火灾疾病战争暴动等)突然发生
break through 突破(围墙障碍物等)；做出新的重大发现；取得突破
break through sth. 克服，征服，压倒；突破；从云层后露出
break up 破碎，瓦解；散开，解散(喻，指人)身体变得衰弱；垮掉；(指学校等)学期结束，放假When do you break up?；(指婚姻或关系)结束，破裂；分开；拆开；开垦；(AmE)捧腹大笑
break sth. up 击碎，捣毁；(使)分开，分成；(使)分散，驱散；使结束，终止；结束关系；(尤指用武力)迫使放弃(某事)
break up with sb.(同某人)绝交
5. suspect [sE5spekt]
v. （不用于进行时）疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）
If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连点灯都不要开。
I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。
vt. 怀疑，感觉有问题，不信任
I suspected her motives I offering to help.
她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。
vt. 怀疑（某人有罪） suspect sb. (sth./ of doing sth.)
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子，可疑对象
He is the prime suspect in the case.
他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。
adj. 不可信的，靠不住的
Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些相当成问题。
adj. 可疑的，可能有危险的，有违法嫌疑的
a suspect package
可疑包裹
suspected [sE5spektId]
adj. 可疑的，被怀疑的
suspected tax evasion
逃税嫌疑
suspected terrorists
被怀疑从事恐怖主义活动的人
6. come 短语
come about 发生How come (that)… 是怎么回事
come across sb./sth.偶尔发现/遇见；使人能理解(come over)； 给人以……印象；使产生印象
come after sb. 跟随,追捕；继承；寻找
come along 一起去,跟随；（祈）再用力点,进展,出现,到达,（祈）赶快,快一点
come apart 破掉,碎掉
come (a) round按期出现（发生）；绕道而来；过访； 复原,恢复知觉； 改变（主意）；（日期或有规律的事）再度出现
come at sb./sth. 达到,接近,得到,攻击,袭击；（用某方法）考虑思考
come away (from) （从……）脱离,掉下；发芽；生长
come back 回来,再度流行；恢复；复原
come between 干预,干扰；阻止
come by sth. 经过；努力获得,出于意外/偶然的受到；（AmE）（为看望某人）作短暂拜访
come down 塌陷,崩溃,（物价气温等）下降；下乡,（口）付钱；传给；下垂；向下延伸（到某一点）；（雨雪等）降下；着陆；决定并宣布（支持或反对）
come for 来取（物）；来迎接（某人）；向……冲来；对……袭击
come forward 前进；出现；（候选人）出来候选；被提出讨论；自告奋勇,自愿效劳,（商）可供销售
come from 来自,源自
come in （潮水）涨,当令,上市,开始流行,当权；（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）；参与；到达；参加讨论；（法律或规则）被利用推行
come into 进入；加入；缔结；订立；得到；继承（在某种情形下）是重要的 Luck doesn't come into it.（运气不是重要的）
come into being 开始存在；发生；出现；产生
come into force 开始实行；开始生效（=come into effect）
come into power 上台,掌握政权
come of/from 出身于；为……之结果；来自
come off 发生；举行；（计划企图等）成功；脱落
come on 跟随；进步；发展；（雨季,夜,病等）来到；（演员）登场；问题被提出来；语气词；加油（=JiaYou）；（表示某人说话不正确）得了吧；（常用进行时）（疾病或某种心情）开始；（电视节目等）开始；开始运转,运行
come out （太阳等）出现；（真相）大白；（消息）传出；出版,发表；（工人）罢工；（问题）被解决；（花朵）盛开；（照片）冲洗；显示,显出,说出；公开表示（同意或不同意）；
come over 从远处来；改变立场意见
come round 走弯路；（非正式）访问；再现,再临；改变观念见解
come through 复原；脱险；（电话）打通；到达；获得官方批准；（消息等）传来
come to 苏醒；归结为；总计,达到（某种状态，尤指坏局面）；涉及到；终于；被想出
come to an end 结束
come to life 苏醒
come to light 真相大白；显露
come up （种子等）长出地面；被提出；出现；即将发生；走近；长出；流行；呕吐出来；（博彩游戏中）中奖；太阳（升起）；（由法庭）审理
come up to 达到；等于；不辜负；走近
come up with 发现（解决办法答案）；与……并行,赶上；拿出（一笔钱）
（二）阅读
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” (P. 2)
I 根据课文内容选择正确答案
1. How did John Snow find out the cause of cholera?
A. By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B. By marking on a map where all the dead people had lived.
C. By analyzing the food the patients had eaten.
D. By treating the people who infected with cholera.
2. There were no deaths in some houses in the cholera outbreak area because ______.
A. they worked in the pub at the 7 Cambridge Street which provided clean water
B. they paid more attention to personal health and clean living environment
C. they had drunk free beer instead of water from the Broad Street pump
D. they had known the water from the Broad Street pump was dangerous
3. The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. to introduce how John Snow became a famous doctor
B. to introduce John Snow’s method of disease research
C. to introduce John Snow’s life and important achievements
D. to introduce how John Snow stopped the spread of cholera
Keys: BCD
II 课文语法填空
Before John Snow showed how to overcome cholera, it was one of the most feared (1) ______ (disease) of its day. In the early 19th century, millions of people died when there was (2) ______ outbreak. John Snow became (3) ______ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled (4) ______ its cause was found. In 1854 when cholera broke (5) ______ in London, he began to gather information and (6) ______ (find) the evidence. It seemed that the polluted water was (7) ______ (blame). John Snow also found a link (8) ______ other cases of cholera and the (9) ______ (differ) water companies in London. Finally “King Cholera” (10) ______ (defeat).
Keys: 1 diseases 2 an 3 frustrated 4 until 5 out 6 found 7 to blame 8 between 9 different 10 was defeated
（三）教材里的语法题目
1. (P. 2) Skim the passage to see ______ the order you decided in Activity 1 was correct.
2. (P. 2) Cholera used to be one of the most ______ (fear) diseases in the world, until British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
3. (P. 2) In the early 19th century, ______ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died ______ the disease.
4. (P. 2) However, he never lost his desire ______ (destroy) cholera once and for all.
5. (P. 2) In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories ______ (explain) how cholera spread. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease. The other was ______ cholera was caused by an ______ (infect) from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.
6. (P. 2) ______ (consequent), when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe ______ more than 500 people died in ten days.
7. (P. 2) Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those ______ died ______ (live). There were multiple ______ (die) near the water pump in Broad Street.
8. (P. 2) Snow suspected that that the water pump was ______ (blame).
9. (P. 2) It seemed ______ the woman liked the water from the pump so much ______ she had it ______ (deliver) to her house every day.
10. (P. 2) Through this invention, the disease was stopped ______ its tracks.
11. (P. 3) The truth was ______ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
12. (P. 3) Through Snow’s ______ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
13. (P. 7) The Father of China’s Aerospace
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact ______ China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. ______ (describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit: who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle ______ (break) out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realized that China needed its own ______ (power) air force to protect and defend the country.
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate ______ (assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s ______ (lead) space-exploration centres.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He ______ (receive) a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put ______ charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also it space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was ______ (develop). No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that ______ (courage) him from taking on the challenge. When ______ (ask) “can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same thing that other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China ______ (succeed) launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace.”
Qian read a lot and was extremely ______ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and ______ (create) scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep ______ (appreciate) for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
14. (P. 64) AI and Human Beings
Is it possible to make machines think like humans? This is one question in research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, or “AI”. To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality, hopes, and dreams. Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. ______ (add), humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. The question is ______ machines can ever really think in all these aspects.
The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for itself ______ (terrify) many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used ______ (replace) humans.
Yet others are ______ (comfort) by the thought of AI. Maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Today, the ______ (create) of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and It is likely that they will grow more important in our lives ______ time goes by. However, the need for such robots does not seem to be as critical as our need for intelligent machines that can solve problems by learning from their ______ (observe) and experience.
For example, AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as personal assistant in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find ______ we want and like. AI is also used to diagnose problems and suggest ______ (solve). Researchers are also experimenting with the use of AI in driverless cars which can sense their ______ (surround) and decide on the best way to reach a destination. It is also being used in education, ______ (particular) in online courses. Furthermore, industries that use robots for ______ (repeat) or dangerous work often turn to AI to manage these electronic workers. In addition, virtual assistants are also being used in some homes today. In the near future, it is likely that AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater ______ (vary) of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes and helping us with our personal grooming.
The AI of today has already proven its ______ (super) to humans in many areas. Do you think that we can create a robot that thinks like a human or one that is even more intelligent? If so, is there ______ (true) a difference between AI and a human?
Keys:
1 whether 2 feared 3 when; from 4 to destroy 5 to explain; that; that; infection
6. Consequently; that 7 who; had lived; deaths 8 to blame 9 that; that; delivered 10 in 11 that 12 tireless
13 on; Described; broke; powerful; assistant; leading; received; in; undeveloped; discourage; asked; successfully; knowledgeable; creative; appreciation 14 Additionally; whether; terrifies; to replace; comforted; creation; as; observation; solutions; surroundings; particularly; repetitive; variety; superiority; truly
（四）单元重点词组积累
die from
因……而死亡
die away
（声音、光线、风等）逐渐消失
die down
（兴奋、火等）减弱，逐渐平息
die of
因……而死亡（心脏病、癌症等内部原因）
die off
相继死亡
die out
灭亡，（习俗、习惯等）逐渐消失
in time
及时，终于，迟早
in no time
立刻，马上
at the same time
同时
subscribe to
同意，赞同；订阅，捐款
subscribe … to…
在……上签署……，向……捐……
suspect sb./ sth. to be n./adj.
怀疑/猜想某人/某物为……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth.
怀疑某人（做过）某事
b suspicious about/of sth.
对某事怀疑
blame sb. for sth.
因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
(sb.) be to blame (for …)
（某人）应承担责任，该受责备（用主动形式表示被动意义）
bear/ take the blame for …
对……负责
lay/ put the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
as a result
结果
as a result of
因为
result in
导致
result from
由……造成，因……而产生
link… to/ with…
把……与……连接/联系起来
link up
连接，结合
be linked to/with
与……有关
on the decrease/ increase
正在减少/增加
decrease to/ by …
减少到/了……
calm down
平息，（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来
get down to (doing) sth.
开始做，着手做（尤指非常花费精力的事情）
get over
克服（困难），从……中恢复过来
get across (to sb.)
（向某人）解释清楚，使（某人）了解
get through
接通电话，通过，完成
get away (from)
（从……）脱身，摆脱（……）
get along/ on with
与……相处，进展
（四）单元重点句式积累
1. 强调句型
Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2. 表语从句
He looks as if/ though he has something to say.
This is because he has no choice but to give it up.
My problem is that how can I arrive there on time.
The question is that he doesn’t know the address. How can he arrive there on time?
（七）语法 表语从句
1、什么是表语？
在系动词后面，对主语的性质、特征进行描述的成分。
(1) He is a student. （名词）
(2) It is me. （代词）
(3) He is strong. （形容词）
(4) He feels tired. （-ed分词）
(5) It is surprising. （-ing分词）
(6) The only choice is to wait. （-to do不定式）
(7) It is in the house. （介词短语）
(8) It is four. （数词）
(9) What is on? （副词）
(10) It is because it is raining. （从句）
(11) It is growing dark. （形容词）
(12) It remains quiet. （形容词）
(14) Keep seated before the bus stops completely. （-ed分词）
2、什么样的词（或结构）可以作表语？
（见上例）
3、哪些词是系动词？
（1）be动词，后接除谓语动词以外的任何词或结构。
（见上例1-3,5-10）
（2）表示“（状态）保持、维持”的动词（keep, remain, stay）：
（见上例12，13）
（3）表示“（状态）变化”的动词（grow, go, come, turn, become）：
（见上例11）
（4）表示“……起来”的系动词（sound, look, appear, seem, taste, smell, touch）：
（见上例4）
知识储备①：系动词有哪些？
4、表语从句
（1）定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。
（2）语法规则
①引导表语从句的连接词主要有：that, as if/ whether, because, how以及wh-词。
He looks as if he is ill.
It is because he is ill.
It is where you left it.
It is why he is absent today.
The fact is that he is absent today.
②that引导表语从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，没有任何意义，但不能省略。
③whether引导表语从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，译作“是否”，不能省略。
The question is whether we can arrive there in time.
④表语从句中虚拟语气。
当主句的主语是advice, suggestion, request, order, proposal等表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词时，后接的表语从句中使用should型虚拟语气。
My suggestion is that we should set off at once.
⑤主句的主语是the reason时，表语从句用that来引导，构成固定句型：The reason why … is that … “……的原因是……”。
The reason why/ for which he is absent today is that he is ill.
5、用合适的表语从句连接词完成句子
1. See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
2. One of the advantages of playing guitar is ______ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is ‘programmed’ to make us do so.
4. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.
5. The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water Park.
6. The little girl who got lost decided to remain ______ she was and wait for her mother.
7. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
8. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
9. I’d like to start my own business – that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
10. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
11. Some people believe ______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
12. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ______ you're afraid to do.
13. ______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
14. I think ______ impressed me about his painting is the colours he uses.
15. A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ______ ships are built for.
16. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ______ one can be entirely free from dust.
17. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______ we are now.
18. This is ______my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
19. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______we arrived.
Keys:
1. what 2. that 3. that 4. where 5. when 6. where 7. that 8. why 9. what 10. because
11. whatever 12. what 13. When 14. what 15. what 16. that 17. where 18. what 19. how
（八）写作：有关科学精神的文章
【写作任务分析】
本单元的写作话题为“有关科学精神的文章”，在体裁上是属于说明文，应该主要使用说明的方法对科学家所具有的科学精神加以说明，也可以穿插一些记叙和议论。写这类作文，要注意说明的语言和顺序。
【写作练习】
假设你校下个月将举行科技节，现面向全体学生征文，请用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你对科学精神的见解。内容包括：
1. 对科学精神的理解；
2. 科学精神的作用；
3. 个人感悟。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
As far as I am concerned, scientific spirits include some noble qualities, such as devotion, persistence and creativity.
Thanks to the scientific spirits, the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements. For instance, Qian Xuesen and Yuan Longping have made great contributions to our country in their fields. So we should show respect for the great scientists and learn the scientific spirits from them.
As students, we can apply the scientific spirits to our study to achieve what we want. In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems in our daily life.
高中英语(2019版）选择性必修第二册 词句基础练习
Unit 1 Science And Scientists
一、英译汉（共10小题；单词每个1分，满分10分）
根据句意写出划线单词的汉语意思。
1. But John Snow became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. Charles likes observing stars; he is very interested in astronomy.
3. The white blood cells protect the body from being attacked by disease germs.
4. An electric motor turns electrical energy into mechanical energy.
5. The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese and he loves China very much.
6. Captain Liu controlled the plane in tough conditions before he landed the plane safely, which was a miracle in aviation history.
7. Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
8. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.
9. Thanks to this new vaccine, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of one of its most terrifying diseases.
10. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses.
Keys:
1 霍乱 2 天文学 3 病菌 4 机械的 5 爱国的
6 航空 7 此外 8 沮丧的 9 疫苗 10 稳定的
二、单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
根据汉语或首字母提示填出本单元所学单词。
1. ______ (处理) the most important tasks first, and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.
2. The factory used 65 percent of the ______ (原始的) materials, the rest of which were saved for other purpose.
3. There was a vast distance between psychological clues and ______ (具体的) proof.
4. The setting sun ______ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains.
5. The public are holding a number of apparently ______ (矛盾的) attitudes towards the matter.
6. The coach and his team were interviewed because of their ______ (杰出的) performance/.
7. This ______ (概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.
8. Some people say beauty itself is ______ (抽象的). Do you agree?
9. Although we are suffering such a s______ natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty.
10. This m______ can magnify (放大) bacteria three thousand times their actual size.
11. Under the l______ of the Party, we are marching from victory to victory.
12. The moon was casting a r______ through the spray from the waterfall.
13. S______ suggested that a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading.
14. She was about to set off when a familiar s______ suddenly came into her sight.
15. If you experience engine trouble, you take your car to a m______.
Keys:
1 Handle 2 raw 3 concrete 4 cast 5 contradictory
6 outstanding 7 concept 8 abstract 9 severe 10 microscope
11 leadership 12 rainbow 13 Statistics 14 shadow 15 mechanic
三、单句语法填空 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. They help the body defend itself against some kinds of ______ (infect).
2. Don’t always blame your own failure on others and at times you yourself are ______ (blame).
3. These results are a further ______ (prove) of his outstanding ability.
4. All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in ______ (defend).
5. He told stories so ______ (vivid) that all the people there were listening attentively.
6. The manager puts forward a suggestion that we should have an ______ (assist).
7. Forecasters say the hurricane may not be as strong as they ______ (initial) predicted.
8. Even if you are a ______ (gift) man, you should not take your gift for granted.
9. One of the ______ (astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise.
10. These ______ (find) suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.
Keys:
1 infection 2 to blame 3 proof 4 defense 5 vividly
6 assistant 7 initially 8 gifted 9 astronomers 10 findings
四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
thanks to attend to die from once and for all give birth
as a result of subscribe to in general in charge of break out
1. I was told the plant __________________ the effects of overexposure to the sun.
2. The Nile __________________ to the immortal civilization of the Egyptians.
3. The government decided to solve the problem __________________.
4. I have never __________________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of life.
5. The nurses are busy __________________ the patients in the hospital.
6. __________________, the two scientists’ methods have much in common, but the results are quite different.
7. Nearly all the people are believed to be staying at home __________________ the disaster.
8. The manager has not made up his mind yet as to who will be __________________ the project.
9. __________________ his parents’ encouragement and support, he finally realized his dream.
10. When World War I __________________, he decided to join the army immediately.
Keys:
1 died from 2 gave birth 3 once and for all 4 subscribed to 5 attending to
6 In general 7 as a result 8 in charge of 9 Thanks to 10 broke out
高中英语（2019版） 选择性必修第一册 语法基础巩固练习
Unit 1表语从句
I 单句语法填空
1. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s ______ makes me feel excited.
2. I know one of the things I was unsure about was ______ hard it would be to climb this mountain.
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
4. We decide our favorite basketball stars according to their on-court performance and this is ______ Kobe Bryant has such a large fan base.
5. The biggest question is ______ will take charge of the company.
6. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
7. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______ you had a few days off?
8. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a does, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
9. I’d like to start my own business – that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
10. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
11. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
Keys:
1 what 2 how 3 that 4 why 5 who 6 where
7 why 8 why 9 what 10 because 11 that
II 根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他要帮助他的妹妹做作业。
He did not see the film last night. That is ______________________________.
2. 他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
He had seen the film before. That is ______________________________.
3. 这座城市发生了天翻地覆的变化。它已经不是二十年前的样子了。
Great changes have taken place everywhere in the city. It is no longer ______________________________.
4. 奶奶指着医院对我说：“那就是我出生的地方。”
Granma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s ______________________________.”
5. 他的问题是他们是否能够按时到达伦敦。
His question is ______________________________.
Keys:
1 because he had to help his little sister with her homework
2 why he did not see it last night
3 what it was 20 years ago
4 where I was born
5 whether they can arrive in London on time
人教新教材（2019）选择性必修第二册 教学案
Unit 1 Science And Scientists
一、学习提纲
（一）话题：
（二）词汇
识记词汇
词形变化
词汇运用
词汇练习
词汇讲解
I
课标词汇
非课标词汇
II
课标词汇
非课标词汇
III
课标词汇
非课标词汇
（三）语法：
理论知识：《同步作业》 P.
练 习：《课时考点专题监测》 P. Ex.
（四）写作：
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化 2、词汇运用
（二）阅读文章练习
（三）教材内的语法题目
（四）单元重点词组积累
（五）单元重点句式积累
（六）语法
（七）写作
（八）单元词句基础练习
（九）单元语法基础练习
提醒：
词汇部分含有英语音标，为确保正确显示，请下载安装英语音标字体Kingsoft phonetic plain和Gwipa。
一、学习提纲
一、话题：科学与科学家
二、词汇
识记词汇
词形变化
词汇运用
词汇练习
词汇
讲解
I
课标词汇
serve, once and for all, contradictory, infection, subscribe (to), proof, multiple, water pump, household, suspect, blame, handle, intervention, link, raw, pure, substantial, decrease, thanks to, statistic, transform, microscope, thinking, protein, cell, virus
infect, multiple, suspect, pure, transform
blame, thanks to, link， suspect
《课后达标训练》
P. 129 Ex. 1-2
P. 131 Ex. 1-2
《同步作业》
P. 7-11
非课标词汇
cholera, diarrhea, dehydration, frustrated, infect, germ, pump, epidemiology
II
课标词汇
finding, initial, framework, theoretical, solid, cast, shadow, rainbow, pour, concrete, mechanic, break out, defend, assistant, in charge of, missile, leadership, outstanding, gifted, come down, abstract, concept, astronomer, telescope, brilliant, above all, fault, shift, vivid
initial, solid, patriotic, defend, assistant, steady, brilliant, fault, vivid
break短语，in charge of, come短语
《课后达标训练》
P. 135 Ex. 1-2
《同步作业》
P. 22- 26
非课标词汇
vaccine, plasma, aerospace, patriotic, mechanical, aviation, jet, trace, steady, besides, furthermore
三、语法：非限制性定语从句
理论知识：《同步作业》 P. 14-15
练 习：《课后达标训练》 P. 15 Ex. 1- 2
四、写作：
有关科学精神的文章
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化
infect v. 传染，使感染；使携带病菌；使感染（计算机病毒）；使感染（某种感情），影响
àinfected adj. 带菌的，感染病菌的
infection n. 传染，感染；患有感染病，有传染力
infective adj. （医学）会传染的，传染性的
infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的（尤指通过呼吸）；患有传染病，有传染力的
infectiously adv.
infectiousness n.
multiple adj. 数量多的，多种多样的 n. （数量）倍数
àmultiplication n. 乘，相乘，增加
multiplicity n. 多样性，多种多样
multiplier n. （数学）乘数，倍数
multiply v. 乘，乘以；成倍增加，迅速增加；（使）繁殖，增值；
suspect v. （不用于进行时）觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）；感觉有问题，不信任，怀疑；怀疑（某人有罪） n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子，可疑对象 adj. 不可信的，靠不住的；可疑的，可能有危险额，有违法嫌疑的
àsuspected adj. 被怀疑的
suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑；感觉，看法；猜疑，不放心；少许，一点儿
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的，怀疑的；令人怀疑的，可疑的；不信任的，持怀疑态度的
suspiciously adv. 怀疑地，有疑心地；令人怀疑地，行迹（或神色等）可疑地；以怀疑的态度，不信任地；
pure adj. 纯的，纯净的，纯粹的；干净的，不含有害物质的；完全的；纯真的，无邪的，贞洁的，正派的；清晰的，纯正的；纯理论的，非应用的；血统纯的，纯种的
àpurely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify v. 使（某物）洁净，净化；洗涤（思想），净化（心灵）；（术语）提纯，精炼
purification n.
purifier n. 清洁器，净化器
transform v. 使改变形态；使改变外外观（或性质），使改观
àtransformation n. （彻底的）变化，改观，转变，改革；（用于南非）民主改革
transformational adj.
transformer n. 变压器
initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的；n. （名字的）首字母；（全名的）首字母；v. 用姓名的首字母作标记（或签名）于；
àinitialize v. （计算机）初始化（计算机程序或系统）；预置，格式化（磁盘）
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
solid adj. 固体的，坚硬的；无空隙的，非中空的，实心的；结实的，坚固的，牢固的；可靠的，可信赖的，坚实的；相当不错（但谈不上出色或独特）的；纯质的，纯……的，全……的；连续的，不间断的，整整的；纯色的，单色的；（几何）立体的，立方的；一致的，意见统一的；n. 固体；（几何）立体图形
àsolidly adv. 坚固地，结实地，牢固地；连续地，不间断地，整整地；一致地，完全支持
solidity n.固态，坚固性，可靠性
solidify v. （使）凝固，变硬，变得结实；（使）变得坚定，变得稳固，巩固
solidification n.
patriotic adj. 爱国的
àpatriotically adv.
patriotism n.爱国主义，爱国精神
patriot n. 爱国者
defend v. 防御，保护，保卫；辩解，辩白；（体育运动）防守；参加比赛（或选举）保住（头衔、席位等）；（为……）辩护，当辩护律师
àdefense (=defence) n. 防御，保护，保卫；防御物，防务，防御能力；国防机构，国防体系；辩解，辩白；辩护，辩词，答辩；防守队员；卫冕赛
defenseless adj. 软弱的，不能自卫的，无防御的
defendant n. 被告人
defender n. 防守队员，后卫；守卫者，保护人，防御者
defensible adj. 可辩解的，合乎情理的，有正当理由的；可防御的，可守护的
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；（体育）防守的
assist v. 帮助，协助，援助；促进n. （曲棍球等）助攻；（棒球等）助杀
àassistance n. 帮助，援助，支持
assistant n. 助力，助手；助教（在国外留学的大学生，教授本国语） adj. 助理的，副的
steady adj. （发展、增长等）稳步的，持续的，匀速的；稳定的，恒定的；稳的，平稳的，稳固的；（人）沉稳的，可靠的；v. 使稳，使平稳，稳住；恢复平稳，稳定下来；使平静，使冷静，使镇定 adv. 稳定词，持续地，稳固地；exclamation. （要求对方鬼主意言行）哎，注意点；（提醒对方小心）注意，当心，小心
àsteadily adv. 稳定地
steadiness n.
brilliant adj. 巧妙的，使人印象深的；很成功的；聪颖的，技艺高的；（光线或色彩）明亮的，鲜艳的；很好的，杰出的；
àbrilliance n.
brilliantly adv.
fault n. 责任，过错，过时；弱点，缺点；缺陷，毛病，故障；发球失误；v.（常与can、could连用于否定句）发现错误，找出缺点
àfaultless anj. 没有错误的，无缺点的，完美无缺的
faulty adj. 不完美的，有错误的，有缺陷的；（思想方法）错误的，有错误的
vivid adj. （记忆、描述等）清晰的，生动的，逼真的；鲜明的，耀眼的，鲜艳的，强烈的；（人的想象）丰富的
àvividly adv.
vividness Un.
2、词汇运用
1. blame [bleIm]
Vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，职责 blame sb./ sth. (for sth.) | blame sth. on sb./ sth.
She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.
她没把父亲的死负罪于任何人。
n. （坏事或错事的）责任，责备，指责
Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?
为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？
be to blame (for sth.) （对坏事）负有责任
Which driver was to blame for the accident?
哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？
don’t blame me （劝阻别人时说）别怪我
Call her if you like, but don’t blame me if she’s angry.
你想给她打电话就打吧，不过要是她生气就别怪我。
I don’t blame sb. (for doing sth.) 我不怪……，……的做法是可以理解的
—“I just slammed the phone down when he said that.” — “I don’t blame you!”
——他一说那话我就啪的一下挂了电话。——你做的好。
only have yourself to blame 只能怪你自己，是你自己的错
If you lose your job, you’ll only have yourself to blame.
如果你丢掉了工作，你只能责怪你自己。
blameless [bleImlEs]
adj. 无过错的，无可指责的
None of us is entirely blameless in this matter.
在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。
blamelessly adv.
2. link [lInk]
n. 联系，连接 link (between A and B)
Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。
n. 关系，纽带 link (between A and B) | link (with sth.)
Social customs provide a vital link between generations.
社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
n. 交通路线，通讯手段
The speech was broadcast via a satellite link.
这次演讲是通过卫星播放的。
n. （计算机）链接
To visit similar website to this one, click on the links at the bottom of the page.
要访问与这个网站类似的网站，点击网页底部的链接。
v. 把（物体、机器、地方等）连接起来 link A to/ with B | link A and B (together)
The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。
v. 联系，相关联link A to/ with B | link A and B (together)
Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancers.
受紫外线照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。
v. 说明（两件东西或两人之间）有联系（或关系）
Detectives have linked the break-in to a similar crime in the area last year.
侦探认为这起入室盗窃案与去年此地区以类似案件有关。
v. 挽住，钩住，套在一起
The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.
两个女孩挽着胳膊沿街漫步而行。
link up (with sb./ sth.) （与……）连接，结合，使连接，使结合
The two space-craft will link up in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
linkage [lInkIdV]
n. 连接，联系，链环，连锁
This chapter explores the linkage between economic development and the environment.
本章探讨的是经济发展与环境之间的关系。
n. 联动装置
3. charge [tFB:dV]
n. （商品和服务所需的）要价，收费
We have to make a small charge for refreshments.
我们得收取少量茶点费。
n. =charge account/ credit account
Would you like to put that on your charge?
你愿意把这笔费用记在你的账上吗？
v. 指控，控告
He will be sent back to England to face a charge of armed robbery.
他将被遣返回英格兰面临持械抢劫罪的指控。
Cn. 指责，谴责
She rejected the charge that the story was untrue.
她否认了说她编造事实的指责。
Un. 主管，掌管，照管，职责，责任
She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
I’m leaving the school in your charge.
我这就把学校交给你掌管。
n.（电池或带电物质的）充电量，电荷
a positive/negative charge
正/负电荷
Cn.冲锋，突然猛冲，猛攻
He led the charge down the field.
他带着沿着球场冲杀过去。
Cn.（射击或爆炸的）炸药量
n.感染力，震撼力
the emotional charge of the piano piece
那首钢琴曲扣人心弦的感染力
n.任务，责任
His charge is to obtain specific information.
他的任务是收集具体的信息。
v.收费，要价charge (sb./ sth.) for sth. | charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)
The restaurant charged £20 for dinner.
这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。
We won’t charge you for delivery.
我们送货不收费。
He only charged me half price.
他只收我半价。
vt.在某人账上记入charge sth. to sth.
They charge the calls to their credit-card account.
他们用信用卡账户支付电话费。
Don’t worry. I’ll charge it.
别担心，我会用信用卡付款的。
vt.指控，控告，起诉指责，谴责charge sb. with (doing) sth.
He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
Opposition MPs charged the minister with neglecting her duty.
反对党议员指控女部长玩忽职守。
v.猛攻，猛冲，冲锋；向……方向冲去
We charged at the enemy.
我们向敌人发起冲锋。
The children charged down the stairs.
孩子们冲下楼梯。
vt.（通常用于被动语态）赋予……职责（或任务），使……承担责任（或任务） charge sb. with sth.
The committee has been charged with the development of sport in the region.
委员会已被赋予在该地区发展体育运动的职责。
vt.充电charge up
The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling.
这种剃须刀可以充电供旅行中使用。
vt.（通常用于被动语态）使……充满情绪charge sth. (with sth.)
The room was charged with hatred.
这个房间里充满了敌意。
vt.注满（玻璃杯）
Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom!
请各位斟满酒杯，向新娘、新郎敬酒。
bring/ press/ prefer charges against sb. （法律）起诉，控告
get a charge out of sth.从……中得到快感（或快乐、乐趣）
chargeable [tFB:dVEbl] chargeable (to sb./sth.)
adj.（一笔钱）应支付的，应偿付的
Any expenses you may incur will be chargeable to the company.
你的所有开销将有本公司支付。
adj.（正常收入或其他所得）应征税的
chargeable earnings/income
应征税的工资/收入
charge hand [tFB:dVhAnd] n.副领班，副组长
charge nurse n.主管护士，护士长（尤指领班）
charger [tFB:dVE] n.充电器
charge sheet n. （警察局的）被起诉者名单
4. break短语
break away (from) 突然挣脱；逃脱；(尤指赛跑)跑掉，甩掉；革除(习惯思想方式或信仰等)；拆毁；脱离，背叛(政党/国家等，尤指再组建新的)
break down 崩溃，瓦解；(指机器)出故障，坏掉；身体或精神衰弱；情绪失去控制；失败；被搞垮；垮掉；划分成部分(以便分析)
break sth. down 将(门窗等)捣毁，打倒；武力推翻，镇压；分析；分类(统计资料)；分解……的化学成分；破坏，消除(尤指某种感情或态度)
break in 强行进入房间
break sb./sth. in 训练某人/物，培训；把……穿得合适；使舒适自如(尤指新鞋))
break in on/upon 打扰，打断
break into 强行进入，闯入(建筑物等)；撬开汽车等；突然发出，突然开始；侵占；找开(大面植钞票，买小商品额)；启用(应急用品)；成功参与；顺利打入
break off 停止(中止)说话；停顿，暂停；解除(婚约)；断开；拆断
break out(指火灾疾病战争暴动等)突然发生
break through 突破(围墙障碍物等)；做出新的重大发现；取得突破
break through sth. 克服，征服，压倒；突破；从云层后露出
break up 破碎，瓦解；散开，解散(喻，指人)身体变得衰弱；垮掉；(指学校等)学期结束，放假When do you break up?；(指婚姻或关系)结束，破裂；分开；拆开；开垦；(AmE)捧腹大笑
break sth. up 击碎，捣毁；(使)分开，分成；(使)分散，驱散；使结束，终止；结束关系；(尤指用武力)迫使放弃(某事)
break up with sb.(同某人)绝交
5. suspect [sE5spekt]
v. （不用于进行时）疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）
If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连点灯都不要开。
I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。
vt. 怀疑，感觉有问题，不信任
I suspected her motives I offering to help.
她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。
vt. 怀疑（某人有罪） suspect sb. (sth./ of doing sth.)
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子，可疑对象
He is the prime suspect in the case.
他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。
adj. 不可信的，靠不住的
Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些相当成问题。
adj. 可疑的，可能有危险的，有违法嫌疑的
a suspect package
可疑包裹
suspected [sE5spektId]
adj. 可疑的，被怀疑的
suspected tax evasion
逃税嫌疑
suspected terrorists
被怀疑从事恐怖主义活动的人
6. come 短语
come about 发生How come (that)… 是怎么回事
come across sb./sth.偶尔发现/遇见；使人能理解(come over)； 给人以……印象；使产生印象
come after sb. 跟随,追捕；继承；寻找
come along 一起去,跟随；（祈）再用力点,进展,出现,到达,（祈）赶快,快一点
come apart 破掉,碎掉
come (a) round按期出现（发生）；绕道而来；过访； 复原,恢复知觉； 改变（主意）；（日期或有规律的事）再度出现
come at sb./sth. 达到,接近,得到,攻击,袭击；（用某方法）考虑思考
come away (from) （从……）脱离,掉下；发芽；生长
come back 回来,再度流行；恢复；复原
come between 干预,干扰；阻止
come by sth. 经过；努力获得,出于意外/偶然的受到；（AmE）（为看望某人）作短暂拜访
come down 塌陷,崩溃,（物价气温等）下降；下乡,（口）付钱；传给；下垂；向下延伸（到某一点）；（雨雪等）降下；着陆；决定并宣布（支持或反对）
come for 来取（物）；来迎接（某人）；向……冲来；对……袭击
come forward 前进；出现；（候选人）出来候选；被提出讨论；自告奋勇,自愿效劳,（商）可供销售
come from 来自,源自
come in （潮水）涨,当令,上市,开始流行,当权；（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）；参与；到达；参加讨论；（法律或规则）被利用推行
come into 进入；加入；缔结；订立；得到；继承（在某种情形下）是重要的 Luck doesn't come into it.（运气不是重要的）
come into being 开始存在；发生；出现；产生
come into force 开始实行；开始生效（=come into effect）
come into power 上台,掌握政权
come of/from 出身于；为……之结果；来自
come off 发生；举行；（计划企图等）成功；脱落
come on 跟随；进步；发展；（雨季,夜,病等）来到；（演员）登场；问题被提出来；语气词；加油（=JiaYou）；（表示某人说话不正确）得了吧；（常用进行时）（疾病或某种心情）开始；（电视节目等）开始；开始运转,运行
come out （太阳等）出现；（真相）大白；（消息）传出；出版,发表；（工人）罢工；（问题）被解决；（花朵）盛开；（照片）冲洗；显示,显出,说出；公开表示（同意或不同意）；
come over 从远处来；改变立场意见
come round 走弯路；（非正式）访问；再现,再临；改变观念见解
come through 复原；脱险；（电话）打通；到达；获得官方批准；（消息等）传来
come to 苏醒；归结为；总计,达到（某种状态，尤指坏局面）；涉及到；终于；被想出
come to an end 结束
come to life 苏醒
come to light 真相大白；显露
come up （种子等）长出地面；被提出；出现；即将发生；走近；长出；流行；呕吐出来；（博彩游戏中）中奖；太阳（升起）；（由法庭）审理
come up to 达到；等于；不辜负；走近
come up with 发现（解决办法答案）；与……并行,赶上；拿出（一笔钱）
（二）阅读
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” (P. 2)
I 根据课文内容选择正确答案
1. How did John Snow find out the cause of cholera?
A. By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B. By marking on a map where all the dead people had lived.
C. By analyzing the food the patients had eaten.
D. By treating the people who infected with cholera.
2. There were no deaths in some houses in the cholera outbreak area because ______.
A. they worked in the pub at the 7 Cambridge Street which provided clean water
B. they paid more attention to personal health and clean living environment
C. they had drunk free beer instead of water from the Broad Street pump
D. they had known the water from the Broad Street pump was dangerous
3. The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. to introduce how John Snow became a famous doctor
B. to introduce John Snow’s method of disease research
C. to introduce John Snow’s life and important achievements
D. to introduce how John Snow stopped the spread of cholera
Keys: BCD
II 课文语法填空
Before John Snow showed how to overcome cholera, it was one of the most feared (1) ______ (disease) of its day. In the early 19th century, millions of people died when there was (2) ______ outbreak. John Snow became (3) ______ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled (4) ______ its cause was found. In 1854 when cholera broke (5) ______ in London, he began to gather information and (6) ______ (find) the evidence. It seemed that the polluted water was (7) ______ (blame). John Snow also found a link (8) ______ other cases of cholera and the (9) ______ (differ) water companies in London. Finally “King Cholera” (10) ______ (defeat).
Keys: 1 diseases 2 an 3 frustrated 4 until 5 out 6 found 7 to blame 8 between 9 different 10 was defeated
（三）教材里的语法题目
1. (P. 2) Skim the passage to see ______ the order you decided in Activity 1 was correct.
2. (P. 2) Cholera used to be one of the most ______ (fear) diseases in the world, until British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
3. (P. 2) In the early 19th century, ______ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died ______ the disease.
4. (P. 2) However, he never lost his desire ______ (destroy) cholera once and for all.
5. (P. 2) In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories ______ (explain) how cholera spread. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease. The other was ______ cholera was caused by an ______ (infect) from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.
6. (P. 2) ______ (consequent), when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe ______ more than 500 people died in ten days.
7. (P. 2) Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those ______ died ______ (live). There were multiple ______ (die) near the water pump in Broad Street.
8. (P. 2) Snow suspected that that the water pump was ______ (blame).
9. (P. 2) It seemed ______ the woman liked the water from the pump so much ______ she had it ______ (deliver) to her house every day.
10. (P. 2) Through this invention, the disease was stopped ______ its tracks.
11. (P. 3) The truth was ______ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
12. (P. 3) Through Snow’s ______ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
13. (P. 7) The Father of China’s Aerospace
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact ______ China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. ______ (describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit: who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle ______ (break) out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realized that China needed its own ______ (power) air force to protect and defend the country.
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate ______ (assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s ______ (lead) space-exploration centres.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He ______ (receive) a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put ______ charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also it space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was ______ (develop). No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that ______ (courage) him from taking on the challenge. When ______ (ask) “can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same thing that other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China ______ (succeed) launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace.”
Qian read a lot and was extremely ______ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and ______ (create) scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep ______ (appreciate) for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
14. (P. 64) AI and Human Beings
Is it possible to make machines think like humans? This is one question in research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, or “AI”. To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality, hopes, and dreams. Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. ______ (add), humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. The question is ______ machines can ever really think in all these aspects.
The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for itself ______ (terrify) many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used ______ (replace) humans.
Yet others are ______ (comfort) by the thought of AI. Maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Today, the ______ (create) of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and It is likely that they will grow more important in our lives ______ time goes by. However, the need for such robots does not seem to be as critical as our need for intelligent machines that can solve problems by learning from their ______ (observe) and experience.
For example, AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as personal assistant in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find ______ we want and like. AI is also used to diagnose problems and suggest ______ (solve). Researchers are also experimenting with the use of AI in driverless cars which can sense their ______ (surround) and decide on the best way to reach a destination. It is also being used in education, ______ (particular) in online courses. Furthermore, industries that use robots for ______ (repeat) or dangerous work often turn to AI to manage these electronic workers. In addition, virtual assistants are also being used in some homes today. In the near future, it is likely that AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater ______ (vary) of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes and helping us with our personal grooming.
The AI of today has already proven its ______ (super) to humans in many areas. Do you think that we can create a robot that thinks like a human or one that is even more intelligent? If so, is there ______ (true) a difference between AI and a human?
Keys:
1 whether 2 feared 3 when; from 4 to destroy 5 to explain; that; that; infection
6. Consequently; that 7 who; had lived; deaths 8 to blame 9 that; that; delivered 10 in 11 that 12 tireless
13 on; Described; broke; powerful; assistant; leading; received; in; undeveloped; discourage; asked; successfully; knowledgeable; creative; appreciation 14 Additionally; whether; terrifies; to replace; comforted; creation; as; observation; solutions; surroundings; particularly; repetitive; variety; superiority; truly
（四）单元重点词组积累
die from
因……而死亡
die away
（声音、光线、风等）逐渐消失
die down
（兴奋、火等）减弱，逐渐平息
die of
因……而死亡（心脏病、癌症等内部原因）
die off
相继死亡
die out
灭亡，（习俗、习惯等）逐渐消失
in time
及时，终于，迟早
in no time
立刻，马上
at the same time
同时
subscribe to
同意，赞同；订阅，捐款
subscribe … to…
在……上签署……，向……捐……
suspect sb./ sth. to be n./adj.
怀疑/猜想某人/某物为……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth.
怀疑某人（做过）某事
b suspicious about/of sth.
对某事怀疑
blame sb. for sth.
因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
(sb.) be to blame (for …)
（某人）应承担责任，该受责备（用主动形式表示被动意义）
bear/ take the blame for …
对……负责
lay/ put the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
as a result
结果
as a result of
因为
result in
导致
result from
由……造成，因……而产生
link… to/ with…
把……与……连接/联系起来
link up
连接，结合
be linked to/with
与……有关
on the decrease/ increase
正在减少/增加
decrease to/ by …
减少到/了……
calm down
平息，（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来
get down to (doing) sth.
开始做，着手做（尤指非常花费精力的事情）
get over
克服（困难），从……中恢复过来
get across (to sb.)
（向某人）解释清楚，使（某人）了解
get through
接通电话，通过，完成
get away (from)
（从……）脱身，摆脱（……）
get along/ on with
与……相处，进展
（四）单元重点句式积累
1. 强调句型
Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2. 表语从句
He looks as if/ though he has something to say.
This is because he has no choice but to give it up.
My problem is that how can I arrive there on time.
The question is that he doesn’t know the address. How can he arrive there on time?
（七）语法 表语从句
1、什么是表语？
在系动词后面，对主语的性质、特征进行描述的成分。
(1) He is a student. （名词）
(2) It is me. （代词）
(3) He is strong. （形容词）
(4) He feels tired. （-ed分词）
(5) It is surprising. （-ing分词）
(6) The only choice is to wait. （-to do不定式）
(7) It is in the house. （介词短语）
(8) It is four. （数词）
(9) What is on? （副词）
(10) It is because it is raining. （从句）
(11) It is growing dark. （形容词）
(12) It remains quiet. （形容词）
(14) Keep seated before the bus stops completely. （-ed分词）
2、什么样的词（或结构）可以作表语？
（见上例）
3、哪些词是系动词？
（1）be动词，后接除谓语动词以外的任何词或结构。
（见上例1-3,5-10）
（2）表示“（状态）保持、维持”的动词（keep, remain, stay）：
（见上例12，13）
（3）表示“（状态）变化”的动词（grow, go, come, turn, become）：
（见上例11）
（4）表示“……起来”的系动词（sound, look, appear, seem, taste, smell, touch）：
（见上例4）
知识储备①：系动词有哪些？
4、表语从句
（1）定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。
（2）语法规则
①引导表语从句的连接词主要有：that, as if/ whether, because, how以及wh-词。
He looks as if he is ill.
It is because he is ill.
It is where you left it.
It is why he is absent today.
The fact is that he is absent today.
②that引导表语从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，没有任何意义，但不能省略。
③whether引导表语从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，译作“是否”，不能省略。
The question is whether we can arrive there in time.
④表语从句中虚拟语气。
当主句的主语是advice, suggestion, request, order, proposal等表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词时，后接的表语从句中使用should型虚拟语气。
My suggestion is that we should set off at once.
⑤主句的主语是the reason时，表语从句用that来引导，构成固定句型：The reason why … is that … “……的原因是……”。
The reason why/ for which he is absent today is that he is ill.
5、用合适的表语从句连接词完成句子
1. See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
2. One of the advantages of playing guitar is ______ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is ‘programmed’ to make us do so.
4. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.
5. The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water Park.
6. The little girl who got lost decided to remain ______ she was and wait for her mother.
7. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
8. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
9. I’d like to start my own business – that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
10. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
11. Some people believe ______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
12. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ______ you're afraid to do.
13. ______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
14. I think ______ impressed me about his painting is the colours he uses.
15. A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ______ ships are built for.
16. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ______ one can be entirely free from dust.
17. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______ we are now.
18. This is ______my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
19. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______we arrived.
Keys:
1. what 2. that 3. that 4. where 5. when 6. where 7. that 8. why 9. what 10. because
11. whatever 12. what 13. When 14. what 15. what 16. that 17. where 18. what 19. how
（八）写作：有关科学精神的文章
【写作任务分析】
本单元的写作话题为“有关科学精神的文章”，在体裁上是属于说明文，应该主要使用说明的方法对科学家所具有的科学精神加以说明，也可以穿插一些记叙和议论。写这类作文，要注意说明的语言和顺序。
【写作练习】
假设你校下个月将举行科技节，现面向全体学生征文，请用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你对科学精神的见解。内容包括：
1. 对科学精神的理解；
2. 科学精神的作用；
3. 个人感悟。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
As far as I am concerned, scientific spirits include some noble qualities, such as devotion, persistence and creativity.
Thanks to the scientific spirits, the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements. For instance, Qian Xuesen and Yuan Longping have made great contributions to our country in their fields. So we should show respect for the great scientists and learn the scientific spirits from them.
As students, we can apply the scientific spirits to our study to achieve what we want. In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems in our daily life.
高中英语(2019版）选择性必修第二册 词句基础练习
Unit 1 Science And Scientists
一、英译汉（共10小题；单词每个1分，满分10分）
根据句意写出划线单词的汉语意思。
1. But John Snow became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. Charles likes observing stars; he is very interested in astronomy.
3. The white blood cells protect the body from being attacked by disease germs.
4. An electric motor turns electrical energy into mechanical energy.
5. The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese and he loves China very much.
6. Captain Liu controlled the plane in tough conditions before he landed the plane safely, which was a miracle in aviation history.
7. Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
8. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.
9. Thanks to this new vaccine, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of one of its most terrifying diseases.
10. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses.
Keys:
1 霍乱 2 天文学 3 病菌 4 机械的 5 爱国的
6 航空 7 此外 8 沮丧的 9 疫苗 10 稳定的
二、单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
根据汉语或首字母提示填出本单元所学单词。
1. ______ (处理) the most important tasks first, and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.
2. The factory used 65 percent of the ______ (原始的) materials, the rest of which were saved for other purpose.
3. There was a vast distance between psychological clues and ______ (具体的) proof.
4. The setting sun ______ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains.
5. The public are holding a number of apparently ______ (矛盾的) attitudes towards the matter.
6. The coach and his team were interviewed because of their ______ (杰出的) performance/.
7. This ______ (概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.
8. Some people say beauty itself is ______ (抽象的). Do you agree?
9. Although we are suffering such a s______ natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty.
10. This m______ can magnify (放大) bacteria three thousand times their actual size.
11. Under the l______ of the Party, we are marching from victory to victory.
12. The moon was casting a r______ through the spray from the waterfall.
13. S______ suggested that a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading.
14. She was about to set off when a familiar s______ suddenly came into her sight.
15. If you experience engine trouble, you take your car to a m______.
Keys:
1 Handle 2 raw 3 concrete 4 cast 5 contradictory
6 outstanding 7 concept 8 abstract 9 severe 10 microscope
11 leadership 12 rainbow 13 Statistics 14 shadow 15 mechanic
三、单句语法填空 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. They help the body defend itself against some kinds of ______ (infect).
2. Don’t always blame your own failure on others and at times you yourself are ______ (blame).
3. These results are a further ______ (prove) of his outstanding ability.
4. All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in ______ (defend).
5. He told stories so ______ (vivid) that all the people there were listening attentively.
6. The manager puts forward a suggestion that we should have an ______ (assist).
7. Forecasters say the hurricane may not be as strong as they ______ (initial) predicted.
8. Even if you are a ______ (gift) man, you should not take your gift for granted.
9. One of the ______ (astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise.
10. These ______ (find) suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.
Keys:
1 infection 2 to blame 3 proof 4 defense 5 vividly
6 assistant 7 initially 8 gifted 9 astronomers 10 findings
四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
thanks to attend to die from once and for all give birth
as a result of subscribe to in general in charge of break out
1. I was told the plant __________________ the effects of overexposure to the sun.
2. The Nile __________________ to the immortal civilization of the Egyptians.
3. The government decided to solve the problem __________________.
4. I have never __________________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of life.
5. The nurses are busy __________________ the patients in the hospital.
6. __________________, the two scientists’ methods have much in common, but the results are quite different.
7. Nearly all the people are believed to be staying at home __________________ the disaster.
8. The manager has not made up his mind yet as to who will be __________________ the project.
9. __________________ his parents’ encouragement and support, he finally realized his dream.
10. When World War I __________________, he decided to join the army immediately.
Keys:
1 died from 2 gave birth 3 once and for all 4 subscribed to 5 attending to
6 In general 7 as a result 8 in charge of 9 Thanks to 10 broke out
高中英语（2019版） 选择性必修第一册 语法基础巩固练习
Unit 1表语从句
I 单句语法填空
1. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s ______ makes me feel excited.
2. I know one of the things I was unsure about was ______ hard it would be to climb this mountain.
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
4. We decide our favorite basketball stars according to their on-court performance and this is ______ Kobe Bryant has such a large fan base.
5. The biggest question is ______ will take charge of the company.
6. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
7. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______ you had a few days off?
8. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a does, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
9. I’d like to start my own business – that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
10. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
11. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
Keys:
1 what 2 how 3 that 4 why 5 who 6 where
7 why 8 why 9 what 10 because 11 that
II 根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他要帮助他的妹妹做作业。
He did not see the film last night. That is ______________________________.
2. 他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
He had seen the film before. That is ______________________________.
3. 这座城市发生了天翻地覆的变化。它已经不是二十年前的样子了。
Great changes have taken place everywhere in the city. It is no longer ______________________________.
4. 奶奶指着医院对我说：“那就是我出生的地方。”
Granma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s ______________________________.”
5. 他的问题是他们是否能够按时到达伦敦。
His question is ______________________________.
Keys:
1 because he had to help his little sister with her homework
2 why he did not see it last night
3 what it was 20 years ago
4 where I was born
5 whether they can arrive in London on time
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