押题02 阅读理解B篇记叙文或说明文-2022年高考英语108所名校押题精选（全国通用）（解析版）

押题02 阅读理解B篇记叙文或说明文

（2022届西安市阎、高、蓝、周四区县高三年级联考）

From the moment we wake up and check the messages on our smartphones, we’re exposed to text design. Throughout our day, storefronts and websites announce themselves, first and foremost, through the typefaces (字体) they use. For Adonian Chan, a 33-year-old graphic designer born in Hong Kong and co-founder of design company Trilingua, the different texts we encounter in our daily lives amount to what he calls a “visual landscape”.

In his hometown, signs written in traditional Chinese characters can be found around every corner. One calligraphy style, above all, has come to represent Hong Kong for Chan: Beiwei Kaishu, a dynamic way of writing that has its origins in 4th-century China. After World War I II, Beiwei Kaishu was used in Hong Kong signs, partly because it is highly legible, even from far distances. What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unique construction, striking lines and unexpected angles, says Chan.

But with the appearance of computer-generated typefaces and LED signs, Chan says he observed that signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. As a consequence, few designers working today are aware of the Beiwei Kaishu style, he says.

In 2016,Chan asked Wong Gok Longa master of calligraphy in Hong Kong, to teach him to write in the Beiwei Kaishu style. Chan then started the process of digitizing the characters. He first wrote the characters on paper with a brush and ink, which gave him a sense of proportion. Next, he made a pencil sketch (素描). Finally, he recreated the characters digitally, using a computer program called Glyphs.

He has named his typeface Beiwei Zansyu and hopes it will eventually appear on phones and computers. “Chan’s effort is more than missing bygone eras — it’s reinterpreting and continuing our heritage (遗产) ins more contemporary life,” says Keith Tam, head of communication design at the Hong Kong Design Institute.

28. What does the underlined word “legible” in paragraph 2 mean? 

A. Original.          B. Sensitive.   C. Readable.    D.Variable.

29. Why did Chan begin to learn to study Beiwei Kaishu?

A. His talent for the writing style was spotted by a master.

B. He received an invitation to design a traditional sign.

C. His colleagues encouraged him to create a new style.

D. He found the writing style declined in Hong Kong.

30. What’s Tam’s attitude to Chan’s work?

A. Skeptical.  B. Approving.   C. Ambiguous.   D. Uncaring.

31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. The art of digitizing ancient calligraphy

B. The difficulty in practicing calligraphy

C. Why should we observe tradition?

D. How does text design influence our life?

1．（押考向-怀旧主题）

I grew up in libraries, or at least it feels that way. I was raised in the suburbs of Cleveland, just a few blocks from the brick-faced Bertram Woods branch of the Shaker Heights Public Library system. I went there several times a week with my mother. She and I would walk in together, but as soon as we passed through the door, we each headed towards our favorite sections. The library might have been the first place I was ever given autonomy.

Even when I was maybe four or five years old, I was allowed to head off on my own. Then, after a while, my mother and I would reunite at the checkout counter with our finds. Together we'd wait as the librarian pulled out the date card and stamped it with the checkout machine — that giant fist thumping the card with a loud chunk-chunk, printing a crooked due date underneath a score of previous crooked due dates that belonged to other people, other times.

Those visits were dreamy, frictionless (没有摩擦的) periods that held the promise of leaving me richer than I'd arrived. It wasn't like going to a store with my mom, which guaranteed a tug-of-war between what I wanted and what my mother was willing to buy me; in the library, I could have anything I wanted.

After we had finished checking out the books, I loved being in the car and having all the books we'd gotten stacked on my lap, pressing me under their solid, warm weight, their Mylar covers sticking a bit to my thighs. It was such a thrill leaving a place with things you hadn't paid for; such a thrill expecting the new books we would read. On the ride home, my mother and I talked about the order in which we were going to read our books, a serious conversation in which we planned how to pace ourselves through this charmed period of grace until the books were due.

When I was older, I usually walked to the library by myself, lugging back as many books as I could carry. Occasionally, I did go with my mother, and the trip would be as engaging as it had been when I was small. Even when I was in my last year of high school and could drive myself to the library, my mother and I still went together every now and then, and the trip unfolded exactly as it had when I was a child, with all the same beats and pauses and comments and daydreaming, the same perfect rhythm we'd followed so many times before. After my mother passed away two years ago, I plunged into a deep shadow of grief for a long time. When I miss my mother these days, I like to picture us in the car together, going for one more magnificent trip to Bertram Woods, during which we talked, laughed — as if she were still in my company, giving me inexhaustible strength.

28. In this passage, the word “autonomy” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.

A. vitality                          B. freedom 

C. inspiration                          D. entitlement

29. After the author and her mother left the library, ________.

A. they would plan to read their newly-borrowed books with feverish enthusiasm

B. they would have a serious conversation about which book attracted them the most

C. they would be anxious to recommend to each other the books they had borrowed

D. they would agree on buying the books they had just borrowed if they enjoyed them

30. How does the author feel when she imagines herself in the car with her mother on the way to the library?

A. Grieved.                           B. Shocked. 

C. Miserable.                          D. Comforted.

31. What would the author most likely go on to write about in the paragraphs immediately following the last paragraph of this article?

A. One specific memory of a childhood trip to the library.

B. The fond childhood memories of her mother taking good care of her.

C. How her affection for going to the library has endured into her own motherhood.

D. Why her own child made up their mind to become a librarian after finishing college.

2.（2022届新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三第一次质量监测英语试题）

For the past three decades, Richard Sears, 71, has been focused on one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.

His interest in Chinese language and characters goes back to 1972, when he was a 22-year-oldphysics major at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. So, I wanted to know what it was like to speak another language.” By1990, Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese, but he did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes and almost no apparent logic.

“I’m a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs (象形文字) and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied, Sears realized quickly that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. In order to pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters. He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.

The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He finally got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), where visitors can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011, clicks to the website went up to600,000 in one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.

In addition to the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for young Chinese and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters,” he says. “We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms both for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.”

28. What do we know about Richard Sears?

A. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.

B. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.

C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.

D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.

29. What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Explanations.                        B. Characters. 

C. Pictographs.                        D. Languages.

30. What can be inferred about Sears’ website?

A. It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.

B. It gained popularity shortly after being established.

C. It focuses on the simplification of Chinese characters.

D. It brings the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.

31. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears?

A. Enthusiastic and devoted.     B. Wise but careless.

C. Ambitious and humorous.     D. Generous but stubborn.

3.（押素材-科技VS自然）

Android phones will be used to sense earthquakes around the world and may one day be able to provide global warnings, with the first mass alert system coming into use on August 11 in California, Google announced.

Google, which helped develop Android, worked with California and the US Geological Survey to build the quake alerts into all phones that run the common mobile operating system. Android users who have enabled location services and are near a quake of magnitude 4.5 or greater will receive a full-screen earthquake warning telling them to drop to the floor and seek cover. The screen also will provide estimates of the quake's magnitude and distance from the user. Depending on their distance from a quake, people could get several seconds or perhaps a minute of warning.

Users won't need to download California's My Shake app in order to receive the alerts. That application, developed by the University of California, Berkeley and launched last year, has been downloaded by only about 1 million of California's 40 million residents. By contrast, many millions of people own Android phones.

“This announcement means that California's world-class earthquake early warning system will be a standard function on every Android phone-giving millions precious seconds to drop, cover and hold on when the big one hits,”  Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement. IPhone users won't receive the alerts through Apple’s operating system, but they can download the MyShake app.

Also, Google announced that Android phones would begin detecting earthquakes from around the world through their motion-sensing accelerometers. “Your Android phone can be a mini-seismometer（地震仪），joining millions of other Android phones out there to form the world’s largest earthquake detection network,” according to a Google blog post. More than 2 billion devices run the Android operating system. Hundreds of millions of people live in earthquake-prone areas. But many countries lack the resources to build detection and alert systems, Google said. The information will be used at first to provide fast and accurate information on Google Search. But Google said it could begin sending out earthquake alerts next year.

28. If an earthquake hits the US, who won't receive the earthquake warning?

A. Android users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.

B. IPhone users who have downloaded the MyShake app.

C. IPhone users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.

D. Android users who have downloaded the MyShake app.

29.What can we learn from the text?

A. Millions of people have downloaded the MyShake app.

B. The earthquake early warning system will be of great help.

C. Google has already sent out earthquake alerts since last year.

D. Over 2 billion devices run the Apple operating system.

30.What will globalize Google's earthquake detection network?

A. New technology developed by Google.  B. The large number of Android phone users.

C. Motion-sensing accelerometers.    D. The newly developed MyShake app.

31.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To share a new MyShake app.    B. To promote Android phones.

C. To make Google known to the world.  D. To introduce a new function of Android phones.

4．（2022届云南省昆明市“三诊一模”高三复习教学质量检测）

Many of us have dreams of being our own boss and starting our own businesses, and one woman has been able to make her dreams a reality with the help of a complete change of lifestyle.

Catherine White, 46, spent her teenage years washing cars in order to make ends meet and now she owns a £20 million business empire. Speaking to the Manchester Evening News, she said, “My childhood was so unstable, so I always wanted and needed to be independent. I didn't believe working for someone else gave me that and my future would still rely on someone else.”

At 24, Catherine started her. first business from a desk in her sister's art school but she was struggling with a panic disorder at the time and would find comfort in junk food, which led her to follow an unhealthy lifestyle. After the company reached a steady point a few years later, she decided to go travelling and in the process, completely changed her outlook on life. The woman said the “dramatic change” of scenery helped her mental health significantly, and she was even able to cut junk food out of her diet - dropping her from a size 24 to a size 12 by the time she returned to the UK. And the business mogul（大亨）believes changing her lifestyle also helped her succeed in her career as she is no longer scared of making decisions or speaking in public.

This year, Catherine aims to grow one of the companies under her Freedom Services Group umbrella, Stella Insurance. She set it up in Australia for women. With each deal, the business donates $5 to a charity, and plans are underway to launch in the UK.

The now-millionaire said, “In my wildest dreams, I wouldn't have thought it could become the size that it has.”

28. Why did Catherine decide to set up her own business?

A. To accumulate work experience.        B. To make donations to a charity.

C. To depend on herself in the future.        D. To raise money for her illness.

29. What can we learn about Catherine from the text?

A. She used to be addicted to junk food.       B. She was offered a job in an art school.

C. She was good at speaking in public.       D. She set up Stella Insurance in the UK.

30. Which words best describe Catherine as a businesswoman now?

A.Talented and energetic.          B. Successful and caring.

C. Ambitious and cautious.           D. Brave and imaginative.

31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?

A.Well begun is half done.          B. Details determine success or failure.

C. Interest is the best teacher.      D. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.

5．（押考法-推断题和细节题）

The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.

Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.

The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.

That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a list of the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.

In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.

Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.

Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.

28. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a phenomenon.

B. To confirm an assumption.

C. To show a research process.

D. To present a research finding.

29. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?

A. By recording app use time.

B. By studying app usage data.

C. By comparing different apps.

D. By changing app use patterns.

30. What is the function of the statistical models?

A. Locating criminals.

B. Tracking usage of apps.

C. Identifying phone users.

D. Predicting trends of apps.

31. What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data?

A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.

6．（2022届江西省上饶市高三第一次模拟英语考试）

During the spring break, my daughter, Lucy, was offered the opportunity to go to Thailand with Adventures Cross-Country (ARCC) on a summer adventure that combined community service with some unique, amazing actually, travel opportunities.

Less than 24 hours after landing in, they squeezed in their first service project, teaching and volunteering in a local school, before hopping on a night train to Chiang Mai. From there they boarded open-air bus-like trucks and bumped their way along rough dirt roads for a couple of hours, leaving their comfort zones behind before reaching the Village Hill Tribe.

Surrounded by rice fields, the teenagers taught English and poured the cement floor of a library in the making. Their home away from home was a village classroom. Tables and chairs were pushed aside to clear floor space for the kids to sleep at night. There were bugs of the flying and crawling variety. There were no flush (冲水) toilets. Showers were accomplished by filling a bucket with a plastic pipe and hanging it over your head. When my home phone rang about a week after she left, there were no complaints but the shower, in her words, “was the best thing that ever happened to me.” There aren’t many folks, let alone teenagers, that can rough it in those conditions, do community service work that involves hard labor, and most impressively, still be smiling at the end of the day.

Experiences like this can’t be gained by reading books or searching the Internet. They’ve learned by traveling and doing. She learned how to lay a cement floor without the luxury of any fancy equipment. All of the teenagers learned that people, themselves included, can do great things when they put their minds to it.

28. How was Lucy’s journey to the Village Hill Tribe?

A. Lonely. B. Dangerous.

C. Uncomfortable. D. Relaxing.

29. Where did the young volunteers sleep?

A. On the classroom floor. B. In a newly-built library.

C. On tables put together. D. Next to the shower room.

30. How does the author feel about Lucy’s experiences?

A. They are terribly bad B. They are quite beneficial

C. They are hardly imagined D. They can be unbearable

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. An unforgettable traveling experience.

B. A mother, who is proud of her daughter.

C. A girl, who is persistent and determined.

D. A volunteer experience in a Thai school.