押题03 阅读理解C篇说明文-2022年高考英语108所名校押题精选（全国通用）

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押题03 阅读理解C篇说明文
密押点睛

（2022届贵州省黔东南州高三一模联考）
Researchers from London’s Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.
According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.
In this study, the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and where they’ve lived.
The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but resembled the ventricles in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.
“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor,” Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from Queen Mary University. “The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”
Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen Mary University, “We can’t expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harm.”
24. What is the finding of the study?
A. Air pollution causes many people to die.
B. People have big problems of heart health.
C. People’s houses have a great effect on the heart.
D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about heart failure?
A. It can be cured easily. B. It remains a serious threat.
C. It’s the most common illness. D. It causes people to suffer cancers.
26. What did the team find on the participants exposed to air pollution?
A. They had many health problems. B. Their ventricles worked better.
C. Their hearts were out of danger. D. The size of their hearts was bigger.
27. Which of the following is Dr. Nay Aung’s suggestion?
A. Moving to safer areas. B. Living far away from crowds.
C. Taking notice of air pollution. D. Taking blood pressure regularly.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究表明，空气污染对人体健康的巨大危害。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.(科学家们在周五的《循环》(Circulation)杂志上透露，空气污染会对心脏造成损害，其程度相当于心力衰竭的早期阶段。)”可知，该研究发现空气污染能危害人的心脏，使心脏处于衰竭的危险中。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.(据埃默里医疗中心(Emory Healthcare)称，在过去50年里，死亡人数平均每十年下降12%左右，但每年有28.7万人死于心力衰竭。每年因心力衰竭住院的人数比因癌症住院的人数加起来还要多。)”可知，心脏衰竭对人类来说依旧是很大的威胁。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide(NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned.(研究小组发现，当受试者居住的地方离繁忙的道路较近，且暴露在二氧化氮(NOz)环境中时，他们的左心室和右心室会变大。二氧化氮是燃料燃烧时进入空气中的物质。)”可知，研究团队发现当参与者们暴露在污染的空气下，他们的左心室和右心室就会变大。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.(当公众考虑他们的心脏健康时，他们都需要意识到他们的暴露，就像他们考虑他们的血压和体重一样。)”可知，Dr. NayAung告诉人们要注意空气污染。故选C。
【押题理由】2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇选材是自然保护区对犀牛的保护，全国乙卷阅读理解B篇则是选材海洋中的白色污染，艺术家设计建造“吸管启示录”来警醒世人。由此可见，2021年全国甲乙卷均体现了自然环保的主题，以说明文的形式考查阅读能力。大多数该题型的题材内容多为考生不熟悉的内容，考生需要在陌生的语境中找到相关信息进行作答。空气污染的题型在高考中涉及不算太多，因此押题选材题型本着拓展学生视野，丰富学生学科素养知识为导向设置问题。
【考前秘笈】作答说明文体类型的阅读题，需要根据问题设问关键词，定位到原文含有关键信息的句子，进行句式分析和文本分析，同时需要考生课外积累相关的环保知识，才能在紧张的高考大考中快速准确得获得高分。

押题精选

1． （押考向-自然环保）
Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). Founder of the San Francisco— based Nonprofit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a simple but ingenious strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction.
Forests are disappearing worldwide and fast, which not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but also contributes to climate change. “I didn’t know any of this stuff when I started,” says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons (长臂猿).
Between 50 and 90 percent of the logging (采伐) that happens in the world’s rain forests is illegal, according to White, yet detecting that activity can be tough. So he has developed a system in which he uses a cell phone staying charged by solar cells and an extra microphone. From there, the device can detect the sounds of chainsaws (电锯) nearly a mile away.
Because it’s unfeasible to have people listening to the devices all the time, he added some “old-school data analysis,” so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it.
So far, his monitoring system has been used in Cameroon, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil and will soon be deployed in Bolivia. It’s not just about listening for logging. Also, it can pick out the sounds of specific birds, which is why White sees the forest recordings as a potential science tool. He is urging biologists and ecologists to use his monitoring system anywhere, whether it’s a remote forest or a park in London. “The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it will be to protect them.”
24. What made Topher White decide to stop global deforestation?
A. The problem of global climate change.
B. The association of Nonprofit Rainforest Connection.
C. The experience of travelling to Indonesian Borneo in 2011.
D. The desire to find new uses for old cell phones.
25. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Impractical. B. Unwilling. C. Impassive. D. Unnecessary.
26. In Topher White’s opinion, we can protect nature more easily through ______.
A. updating advanced technology B. our better understanding of it
C. developing strong teamwork spirit D. growing environmental awareness
27. What could be the best title for the text?
A. A Creative Way Is Used to Protect Wildlife
B. Measures Should Be Taken to Preserve Nature
C. Forests Are Disappearing Worldwide
D. Your Old Cell Phones Can Help Save the Rain Forest
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述阻止全球滥伐的方法——通过使用旧手机来聆听破坏雨林的声音——从而拯救雨林。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). (Topher White花了很多时间在森林里行走，思考我们失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球滥伐。)”及第二段“Forests are disappearing worldwide and fast, which not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but also contributes to climate change. “I didn’t know any of this stuff when I started,” says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons (长臂猿). (森林正在世界范围内迅速消失，这不仅伤害了野生动植物，包括许多无处可逃的物种，而且还加剧了气候变化。怀特说：“当我开始时，我对这些东西一无所知”，他于2011年开始他的旅程，当时他前往印度尼西亚婆罗洲帮助逐渐减少的长臂猿。)”可知，怀特在2011年前往印度尼西亚婆罗洲时意识到滥伐的危害，决定停止全球滥伐，故选C。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“he added some “old-school data analysis,” so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it. (他补充了一些传统的数据分析，这样手机的电脑就可以把电锯的声音和森林里的其他声音区分开来。通过这种方式，他的设备可以自动检测日志记录活动，并向专家发送文本警报，专家可以确定它是否非法，然后停止它。)”可知，让人们一直听着设备是不可能的，所以怀特做了一些数据分析，使设备可以自动检测日志记录活动，并向专家发送文本警报。故unfeasible表示“不可行的，不切实际的”，与impractical意义相近。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it will be to protect them.”(他说：“我们对这些地方了解得越多，就越容易保护它们”。)”可知，怀特认为我们更好地了解自然，就能更容易地保护自然，故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). Founder of the San Francisco— based Nonprofit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a simple but ingenious’ strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction. (Topher White花了很多时间在森林里行走，思考我们失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球滥伐。怀特是总部位于旧金山的非营利组织Rainforest Connection的创始人，他制定了一种简单但巧妙的策略：使用旧手机来聆听破坏的声音使用旧手机来聆听破坏的声音。)”可知，文章主要讲述阻止全球滥伐的方法——通过使用旧手机来聆听破坏雨林的声音。故文章标题应是Your Old Cell Phones Can Help Save the Rain Forest (你的旧手机可以帮助拯救雨林。)，故选D。

2.（2022届云南省保山市高三第一次教学质量监测英语考试）
According to the UN report, nearly 54 million tons of e-waste was generated around the world in 2019. It includes everything from phones and computer monitors to larger items like refrigerators and old fax machines.
Rwanda is one of only 13 countries in Africa that have passed a national law regarding e-waste rule. It has led to the first official recycling and reusing facility in the country. Operational since early last year, this public-private partnership between the government and Enviroserve became a source of pride for Rwanda. The plant can process up to 10,000 tons of e-waste per year. According to managing director Olivier Mbera, Enviroserve has already repaired and reused more than 5,000 computers, which were sold to public schools. To date, it has processed more than 4,000 tons of e-waste and created more than 600 jobs.
Conveyor belts （传送带） sort plastics from metals, while particular space collects phosphor（磷）from old tube TVs. Circuit boards（电路板）pile up in bags and batteries are constantly being tested. Every piece of e-waste is thoroughly collected or pressed. The dangerous materials which can poison the environment are separated from the valuable ones.
“Globally, waste is not only increasing in quantity, but also in its complexity and composition,” says
Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya, country representative for Rwanda at the Global Green Growth Institute, an intergovernmental organization for sustainable（可持续的）economic growth, “Within an electronic device, there’s gold, silver and so on and these sorts of elements could be taken out, providing new business opportunities for small businesses and even for big cities to generate income. Rwanda is one of our earliest pioneer members and they’ve done really well when it comes to its shift to a green growth pathway,” he adds.
Mbera points to Enviroserve’s success in Rwanda as a potential beginning for an e-waste movement across Africa, “We’re talking with different governments in Africa to establish similar facilities in their countries,” he says. One thing is certain: it will take all nations to combat the growing e-waste crisis.
24. What can we know about e-waste recycling facility in Rwanda?
A. It is the first plant to reuse e-waste in Africa.
B. It is managed entirely by the government.
C. It has already processed 10,000 tons of e-waste.
D. It manages e-waste in an eco-friendly way.
25. What can be inferred according to Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya?
A. Electronic devices are made of gold and silver.
B. E-waste can contain potential treasure.
C. Simple electronic devices are in great need.
D. Rwanda is the only nation to recycle e-waste.
26. Which word can replace the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 5?
A. Create. B. Handle. C. Discover. D. Reach.
27. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Rwanda is coping with the rising e-waste crisis.
B. Lots of electronic devices are wasted in the world.
C. A great deal of e-waste is poisoning the environment.
D. E-waste is increasing in complexity and composition.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卢旺达正在应对日益严重的电子垃圾危机。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Rwanda is one of only 13 countries in Africa that have passed a national law regarding e-waste rule. It has led to the first official recycling and reusing facility in the country. （卢旺达是非洲仅有的13个国家之一，通过了有关电子垃圾规则的国家法律。这导致了该国出现了第一个官方的回收和再利用设施）”可知，卢旺达的电子垃圾回收设施，是以环保的方式管理电子垃圾的。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Within an electronic device, there's gold, silver and so on and these sorts of elements could be taken out, providing new business opportunities for small businesses and even for big cities to generate income. （在一个电子设备中，有金，银等等，这些元素可以被提取出来，为小企业，甚至为大城市创造收入提供了新的商业机会）”可以推断出，电子垃圾里含有一些可提取的元素，可以成为新的商业机会，是潜在的财富。故选B。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“We're talking with different governments in Africa to establish similar facilities in their countries（我们正在与非洲的不同政府协商在他们的国家建立类似的设施）”可知，类似的设施就是处理电子垃圾的设施。故猜测下句意为“有一件事是肯定的：所有国家都要处理日益严重的电子垃圾危机。”所以 combat 就是处理的意思。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据最后一段第一句“Mbera points to Enviroserve's success in Rwanda as a potential beginning for an e-waste movement across Africa（Mbera指出，Enviroserve在卢旺达的成功是整个非洲电子垃圾运动的潜在开端）”可知，卢旺达正在应对日益严重的电子垃圾危机。故选A。

3.（押素材-新冠疫情）
In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me? I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”
With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. “I want to wear it and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy, asking people what they want for Christmas,” the fifth-grader said.
Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says.
He also marked his birthday by donating his hair to Locks of Love, the charity that makes wigs for kids with cancer or other medical conditions. During a year of lockdown, he teamed up with some friends and grew out his hair to nine inches.
Jonah’s good deeds are not limited to birthdays. He works to help his community all year, including donating and sorting food for the homeless with the organization Feeding South Florida, and packing holiday gifts for children.
24. What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year?
A. A covid cure. B. Toys and dolls.
C. Anew Xbox. D. A Santa suit.
25. Which one of the following doesn’t belong to the good behaviour of Jonah?
A. Donating his hair to a charity.
B. Sending his birthday gifts to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
C. Wrapping holiday gifts for kids.
D. Contributing food to the homeless.
26. Which of the following best describes Jonah?
A. Kind and courageous. B. Generous and brave.
C. Caring and helpful. D. Friendly and innocent.
27. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Jonah didn’t realize his wish last year.
B. The coronavirus is still not under complete control.
C. Jonah raised $1,000 from his family and friends all over.
D. Jonah wants to wear a Santa suit and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B
【解析】
本文讲述了美国Florida的10岁小男孩在新冠疫情期间的愿望，今年他想要一套圣诞老人服装，以此给大家传播快乐。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”(“今年，我能请求要一件圣诞老人的服装，把你的快乐传播到世界各地吗？”)”可知，Jonah今年想要的圣诞节礼物是一件圣诞老人的服装，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. (Jonah在7月满10岁，他没有向家人和朋友要礼物，而是请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西)”可知，Jonah请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西，并不是把他的礼物送给医院。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”(“今年，我能请求要一件圣诞老人的服装，把你的快乐传播到世界各地吗？”)”及根据第四段“Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says. (Jonah在7月满10岁，他没有向家人和朋友要礼物，而是请求家人和朋友给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西。他的母亲说，他通过生日努力从所有的家人、朋友甚至包括他最喜欢的当地Publix商店的员工那里筹集了1000美元的捐款)”可知，Jonah想给大家传播快乐，给St. Jude儿童研究医院捐东西，捐赠了1,000美元。足以说明Jonah是爱关心人，爱帮助人，故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. (由于无情的病毒和奥密克戎变体的威胁仍然困扰着一个疲惫的国家，Jonah对圣诞老人套装有很大的计划)”可知，新冠发生了变异，没有受到完全的控制，故选B。

4．（2022届贵州省贵阳市高三适应性一模英语试题）
Who do you count as your friends? From our BFF to a workmate, it’s good to have someone to draw the fat with or offer comfort and support. But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it’s time to reset your list of real mates.
There’s no obligation to stay friends. Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our “friendscape”. She says. “In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”
So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friends—your “shoulders to cry on”—and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle. The friends that do drift are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust—this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
24. What could we do about friendships in the recent lockdown?
A. Recover our friendships. B. Reflect on our friendships.
C. Develop new friendships. D. Put an end to our friendships.
25. What do Bryan Lufkin’s words mean?
A. Some friendships will not necessarily stay for life.
B. Some friendships might not be good for our health.
C. True friendships will surely survive the long years.
D. True friendships develop naturally as time goes by.
26. Who would most probably stay in our friendship circle?
A. Friends at the same life stages. B. Friends with the same interests.
C. Friends always staying around. D. Friends living in neighboring areas.
27. What does the author suggest we do in the last paragraph?
A. Cry on our friends’ shoulders. B. Change inner circle friends.
C. Devote time to true friendships. D. Suit our friends’ conveniences.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在最近的封锁中，我们能反思我们的友谊，说明了一些关于维持友谊的建议。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it’s time to reset your list of real mates.(但最近的封锁让我们开始质疑我们的友谊。我们已经与朋友和熟人失去了联系。但我们真的要重新开始每一段曾经的关系吗？也许是时候盘点一下，想想你和谁保持联系，你想念谁，谁没有。简而言之，也许是时候重置你真正的朋友名单了)”可知，在最近的封锁中，我们能反思我们的友谊。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”(Bryan Lufkin说：“虽然人们多年来都知道友谊无疑对健康有益，但专家表示，随着时间的推移，相识甚至是朋友之间的关系会逐渐疏远，这是很自然的。”)”可知，随着时间的推移友谊会越来越疏远。由此推知，Bryan Lufkin的话意思是“有些友谊不一定会持续一生”。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.(在生活中，随着我们经历特定的阶段和年龄，我们的注意力会转移，我们希望和和自己相似的人在一起)”可知，有相同兴趣的朋友最有可能留在我们的朋友圈里。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friends—your “shoulders to cry on”—and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle.(所以，换朋友很正常，但我们仍然需要那些认识我们很久的特别的朋友。 这些是我们投入时间的友谊。这些人是你的核心朋友圈——你的“哭泣时可以依靠的肩膀”——你至少每周要见他们一次，把他们留在这个圈子里)”可推知，作者建议我们花时间在真正的友谊上。故选C。

5． （押考法-猜词推断题和主旨细节题）
Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywood’s most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.
A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.
But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (£ 20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.
Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.
Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin can’t be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.
Animal rights advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.
In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.
24. Why will animatronic dolphins be developed?
A. To attract children. B. To make a higher profit.
C. To protect real dolphins. D. To show the advance of technology.
25. What can we know about robotic dolphins according to the text?
A. They look different from the real ones.
B. They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.
C. They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.
D. They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.
26. Why does the author mention real dolphins in the last paragraph?
A. To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.
B. To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.
C. To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.
D. To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.
27. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Dolphins: cute animals to play with
B. Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternative
C. Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable tool
D. Advanced technologies benefit the environment
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的出现将为世界各地的海洋馆提供了一种新的选择。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say（他们的创造者说道，但是因为全世界的海洋公园面临着越来越大的压力，想要放弃以真正的鲸和海豚为特色的展览。刚好这种机器海豚就提供了一个诱人的选择）”可知，电子海豚的发明是为了保护真正的海豚。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (£20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing（因为每一只电子海豚的价格是NZ$40m (£20.8m)，所以电子海豚的创造者面临的最大的障碍就是告诉潜在的客户，这种电子生物虽然价格比价高，但是从长远来看的话，它比真生物要便宜些）”可推知,它们的价格较高但使用时间也较长。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers（在自然界中，海豚能每天游40英里并且与家人住在一起。但是在圈养中，它们限制在混凝土游泳池中，池里全是充满化学物质的水，它们被迫与陌生人交流）”可知，此处对真实海豚的描写，进一步表明发明机器海豚的重要性。故选A项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通过文章整体阅读，可知文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的出现将为世界各地的海洋馆提供了一种新的选择。B项“电子海豚：虽然贵，但却是值得的选择”符合文章标题。故选B。

6． （2022届山西省吕梁市高三上学期第一次模拟英语考试）
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
24. What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph?
A. The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B. Common functions of seaweed.
C. The famous company called Notpla.
D. Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
25. What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage?
A. Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B. The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C. More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D. The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
26. Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed?
A. It is pesticide-free.
B. It is easily accessible.
C. It can grow on land.
D. It can do good to the ocean.
27. Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed?
A. Optimistic. B. Uncertain.
C. Negative. D. Worried.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了，随着塑料污染越来越严重，很多国家或地区已经采取措施应对。伦敦一家公司发明了以海草为原料的包装，从源头杜绝污染。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging.(如果这些说明让你感到困惑，那是因为你还没有听说过Notpla，这是一家位于伦敦的初创公司，正在设计一种以海草为原材料的一次性塑料包装的替代品。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了由海草制成的塑料包装。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful.(在过去的几年里，反对一次性塑料的运动越来越多，因为许多专家认为这些产品是不必要的，有害的。)”可推断，专家认为一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in. (Notpla的创始人Rodrigo Garoia González 和Pierre Paslie最初将海草视为世界塑料问题的解决方案，因为“海草丰富、生长迅速，不会与陆地作物竞争。”Sibbel解释道。还有许多不同种类的海草，它们可以被收获或养殖。海草不占用土地；它不使用杀虫剂。它可以在海洋中生长，在海洋中它有很多积极的好处，所以它可以创造新的生态系统，让其他生物茁壮成长。)”可知，海草不会生长在地面。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything， but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.(我不认为一种材料或一种解决方案能解决所有问题，但我们认为海藻确实符合正确的标准。)”可推断，她对此抱有乐观的态度。故选A。