第5讲 特殊句式在长难句中的应用 -2022年高考英语语法复习难点之特殊句式巧学巧练（通用版）

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“高考英语精品课程” 特殊句式
第六讲 特殊句式在阅读写作长难句中的应用
一．学习内容
考向1：感叹句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
考向2：倒装句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
考向3：省略句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
考向4：感叹句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
考向5：祈使句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
二． 考点精讲精练
写作时，可以利用特殊句式对简单句进行整合，使其成为高级表达，其中巧用倒装增强句子表现力和强调句和省略句多样化句子结构，是利用频率较高的高级句式。
考向1：强调句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
1.每天一个高考长难句·Day1
来源：2019高考天津卷完型篇
原句：To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of life 40 I completely changed my life.
关键点：完型段落尾句，40题答案出处
长难句类型：强调句
主语：
谓语：
表语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写1组

用强调句句式升级
1. Smoking did great harm to his health.
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It is smoking that did great harm to his health.

2. Our money is earned through hard work by our parents.
————————————————————————————————————————————— It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.
3. I didn’t realize the importance of cooperation until I couldn’t finish my home work on time. (强调句)
—————————————————————————————————————————————
It was not until I couldn’t finish my home work on time that I realized the importance of cooperation .
活学活用
1. Fierce competition and lack of communication give rise to the phenomenon.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
It is fierce competition and lack of communication that give rise to the phenomenon.
2. Children can feel the importance and pride attached to them by mutual trust and understanding.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
It is by mutual trust and understanding that Children can feel the importance and pride attached to them.

*. Studying matters more than online shopping for us students.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
For us students , it i studying rather than online shopping that mattes.
考向2：倒装句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
There be句型是典型的完全倒装句
2.每天一个高考长难句·Day2
来源：2019高考全国卷1语法填空
原句： there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
关键点：考查特殊句式
长难句类型：there be句型
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写2
1.There be句型总结
2. it形式主语
仿写句式：
毫无疑问，我们应关注过度使用手机的问题。
________________________________________________________________________________
上一些中文课程去跟老师交流中文也是很必要的。
________________________________________________________________________________
1. 巧用倒装增强句子表现力
1. I could hardly understand the importance of English at that time.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Hardly cloud I understand the importance of English at that time.
2. We did not realize our mistakes until at that time.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Not until at that time did we realize our mistakes .
3. Though I’m weak, I will make the effort.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Weak as/ though I’m , I will make the effort.

拓展：It作形式主语或形式宾语句型
【推荐句型】
It’s adj./n. + to do sth./ doing sth./主语从句
I would appreciate it if…
find it adj./n. to do sth./宾语从句
1.You pretend to know what you don’t know.
It’s no good.
It’s no good pretending to know what you don’t know
—————————————————————————————————————————————
2. It is easy to get on with Pam. I find.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
I find it easy to get on with Pam.
活学活用：
1. If you accept my invitation, I will be very happy.
I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
2. 简要了解唐朝的历史能使你更好的理解课程。
Brief understanding the history of the Tang Dynasty can make it easy for you to go through the class/course.
—————————————————————————————————————————————
*. We may waste a lot of time selecting the best one we need among so many goods.
It is a waste of time selecting the best one we need among so many goods
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
拓展：虚拟语气，省if,需要部分倒装
每天一个高考长难句·Day2
来源：2019高考全国卷3D篇
原句： If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
关键点：段落尾句，33题答案出处
长难句类型：虚实被动，委婉地道
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇

D.高级句子仿写8组
1. 如果我是你的话，我会送像洋娃娃之类的礼物给你朋友的小孩。
Were I you, I would send your friend’s children some gifts like dolls.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 要不是你的帮助，我就不会取得如此快的进步。
Without your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

考向3：省略句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
3. 每天一个高考长难句·Day3
来源：2019高考全国卷3D篇
原句：After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
关键点：一段一句，34题答案出处
长难句类型：省略句，名词性从句，非谓语动词
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写3
知道你对我国农村的巨大变化很感兴趣，我自豪地告诉你有关新农村建设的信息。（省略句）
When knowing you are interested in the great changes of our countryside, I am proud to share with you some information concerning the Rural Reconstruction.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When I finished reading your letter, I was more than moved. (一般）
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
When finishing reading your letter, I was more than moved.

考向4：感叹句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
4. 每天一个高考长难句·Day4
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
来源:全国卷3
关键点：末句
长难句类型：感叹句，名词性从句
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写3

将陈述句改为感叹句
1. To prevent the pollution is very important．
How important it is to prevent the pollution!
—————————————————————————————————————————————
2. She is a clever girl．
What a clever girl she is!
—————————————————————————————————————————————
活学活用：
1. 时光飞逝！ (2016年上海卷)
____________!
How time flies!
2. 我多希望能再次见到你，向你表示歉意！
____________________________________!
How I wish to see you again and apologize to you!

考向5：祈使句在阅读写作长难句中的应用
5. 每天一个高考长难句·Day5
来源：全国卷2
It could be anything --gardening, cooking ,music ,sports but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
关键点：末句
长难句类型：祈使句和状语从句
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写5

活学活用：
1..If you go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country.
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Go through the gate, and you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country.
2.If you don’t take more care when crossing the road, you will be fined.
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Take more care when crossing the road, or you will be fined.

巩固练习
A 利用特殊句式形式要求翻译高级句式
1. 这不仅让我们靠近大自然，使我们从繁重的作业中放松下，也促进了我们之间的友谊。多么美好的时光啊！（倒装句和感叹句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.只有在那时我才意识到通过参加比赛，我更加自信，享受了合作的乐趣。（倒装句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.这是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，我们真的希望你能加入我们。（强调句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 如果能得到这份工作，我一定会成为一名合格的志愿者。（省略句）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 如果可能，一定要准时或提早到达。(祈使句和省略句）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
1. Not only did it get us close to nature and relieve us of the heavy schoolwork, but it also promoted the friendship among us. What a wonderful time!
2. Only then did I realize that it was by getting involved in the competition that I gained more self-confidence and enjoyed the pleasure of teamwork.
3. It is because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.
4. If given the job, I will sure to be a qualified volunteer.
5. Make sure you arrive on time or a little early if possible.


B 按要求升级以下各句
1. Proper table manners can help you leave a deep impression on your friend’s family.(利用强调句升级）
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
It is proper table manners that can help you leave a deep impression on your friend’s family.
2. It will not only be a golden opportunity for you to show your talent, but also you can offer us guidance.(利用倒装句升级）
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Not only will it be a golden opportunity for you to show your talent, but also you can offer us guidance
3. If you work harder, you will make greater progress.(利用祈使句升级）
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Work harder, and you will make greater progress.

4. While he was writing the book, Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.(利用省略句升级）
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While writing the book, Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.
5. It was an impressive after-school activity.(利用感叹句升级）
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
What an impressive after-school activity!
6.We can live a happy life only in this way.(利用倒装句升级）
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Only in this way can we live a happy life.
7. Our club’s works will not only be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting. (利用倒装句升级）
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting.
8. Though it is convenient, shopping online can do great harm to students if overused. (利用倒装句升级）
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Convenient as/though it is , shopping online can do great harm to students if overused.
9. Online shopping increases our social experience. And it can broaden our eyes. (利用倒装句升级）
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Not only does Online shopping increase our social experience,but it can also broaden our eyes.
10. His poems not only have a strong influence on the Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages.(利用倒装句升级）
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Not only do his poems not only have a strong influence on the Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages.

拓展练习：Polish the composition with these skills.
2022奥运会已经落幕，一家英文报刊在其网站上征集奥运会后如何综合利用体育场馆的建议。假设你叫李华，是该报的一名读者李华，请给该报编辑部写一封信，谈谈你的建议和理由．
内容包括：
１．向公众开放，用于健身
２．租给体育公司，创造经济效益
３．开辟成旅游景点，吸引游客．
４．………
普通作文：
Dear editor，
I heard you want to know how to use the stadiums after the 32th Olympic Games. I want to give you some advice.
First of all, you can open the stadiums to the public. The public can strengthen their bodies. Secondly, you can rent the stadiums to sport company to organize matches. It can bring in much more profits. last but not least, you can use them as tourist attraction. Because many of them are so well designed with strong Chinese features, they will surely be attractions for visitors from all over the world.
From my point of view, when we take actions, we can bring a bright future to their value. I would be very happy if you would consider my advice.
I look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua


升级作文：
Dear editor，
I heard you are eager to know how to make good use of the stadiums after the 32th Olympic Games. I would like to give you some advice.
First of all, the stadiums can be opened to the public, where they can strengthen their bodies. Secondly, The stadiums can be rented to sport companies which organize matches, thus bringing in much more profits. Last but not least, They can be used as tourist attraction. Because many of them are so well designed with strong Chinese features that they will surely be attractions for visitors from home and abroad.
From my point of view, only when we take actions can we bring a bright future to their value. I would appreciate it very much if you would take my advice into deep consideration.
Your early reply is highly appreciated.
Yours,
Li Hua
完型阅读理解（分析特殊句式在长难句的应用）
强调句在完型填空中的应用
Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree, I could not find 22 work. I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.
As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.
At first I got angry. Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.
21. A. As B. Though C. If D. When
22. A. successful B. extra C. satisfying D. convenient
23. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing
24. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living
25. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held
26. A. lose B. like C. find D. get
27. A. hard B. busy C. serious D. short
28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for
29. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing
30. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that
31. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. moved
32. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests
33. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life
34. A. list B. book C. check D. copy
35. A. connect B. turn C. keep D. add
36. A. her B. a passenger C. me D. my friend
37. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel
38. A. listen to B. review C. give D. talk about
39. A. plan B. choice C. day D. tour
40. A. operation B. speaking C. employment D. thinking
完型答案：
BCADC DABCA BCCAD CCCCD
强调句在阅读理解中的应用
C
Everything you know is in your brain. For what you don’t, you can ask the web. However, as you can imagine, in the past there were no computers and no web at all. Think about people living 3,500 years ago, in places where pyramids towered above them, instead of the modern buildings you can see around you. The lack of explanations about how things worked inspired the ancients to make discoveries and feed their curiosity.
But do not think they knew nothing: in fact, we still wonder how the Egyptians could build the pyramids using their own, rather rudimentary equipment. They wrote down their knowledge on books (called papyrus scrolls) so that later people could benefit from their skills.
Living safer and healthier was a top priority for the ancients: when they hurt their heads in battles, they used to heal their wounds using the cures, some of which were recorded on a papyrus now known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus. Interestingly, this is the oldest written evidence of the word “brain” we have on Earth, and it dates back to 3,500 years ago!
However, writing the word “brain” on a papyrus did not solve all the curiosities and questions about it. Around 2,500 years ago, for example, ancient Greeks wondered whether mind and soul lay in the brain or in the heart.
2,000 years ago, Roman physician Galen of Pergamon was sure he had solved the question: it was the brain, not the heart, that was the center of mental life. However, Galen had to convince the people around him that what he had discovered was true. It was not easy, mostly because people held their earlier beliefs. Every neuroscientist, just like Galen did, has to carefully observe reality, focus on something that is really interesting, think about how it can work, perform experiments, and discuss the data they get. This way, they can obtain convincing evidence to be shared with others.
28．What encouraged the ancients to make discoveries?
A．The hope for keeping curiosity. B．The need for writing books.
C．The search for explanations. D．The wish to work faster.
29．Which word can best replace “rudimentary” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complicated. B．Primitive. C．Electrical. D．Protective.
30．What can be learned about the Edwin Smith Papyrus?
A．It was probably a medical text. B．It was finished 2,500 years ago.
C．It was considered useless at first. D．It was written by Galen of Pergamon.
31．How did Galen convince people of his discovery?
A．By finding evidence from papyrus scrolls. B．By asking many scientists to support him.
C．By following strict scientific methods. D．By teaching people to do experiments.

D
In 2008, Michael Goodfellow, a scientist at Newcastle University, was handed a soil sample taken from Chile’s Atacama Desert—the world’s driest desert, once considered a dead zone. “Quite frankly, we didn’t expect to isolate (使分离) anything,” Goodfellow admits. But to his surprise, he was able to grow a diversity of bacteria from the sample.
A 2018 review counted a total of 46 new molecules (分子) that have been isolated from the Atacama bacteria so far, many of which show antibiotic (抗菌的), antiviral or anticancer properties (特征). It was the type of bacteria living in the Atacama that proved particularly exciting: actinobacteria (放线菌).
Take streptomyces griseus for example, a species of actinobacteria you might find in soil. A sample of streptomyces, when placed among mycobacterium tuberculosis (结核杆菌), will release a chemical which stops its bacterial neighbors from growing the proteins they need to survive. When scientists at Rutgers University managed to isolate this chemical in 1944, they accidentally found the first antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis, saving countless lives.
Today, there is general agreement on the need for the development of new antibiotics because our most trusted drugs began to fail—bacteria have learnt how to survive our antibiotic attacks. Sometimes, a potentially useful chemical can be found right in environments around us. But many scientists argue that we should also be exploring the natural world for novel biochemistry, an approach known as “bioprospecting”.
“70% to 75% of all antibiotics come from nature,” notes Marcel Jaspars, a natural product chemist at the University of Aberdeen. “It strikes me that we should be looking more deeply into how nature makes these molecules and how we can actually find antibiotics.”
32．What did Goodfellow think of the sample at first?
A．It was lifeless. B．It was man-made. C．It was of great value. D．It was of doubtful origin.
33．Why does the author mention scientists’ achievement in 1944?
A．To compare two species of actinobacteria. B．To explain the major cause of tuberculosis.
C．To explain the purpose of antibiotic treatments. D．To show the potential of the Atacama actinobacteria.
34．Which of the following best describes Jaspars’ attitude to “bioprospecting”?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
35．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Antibiotics are bound to fail. B．Effective treatments come from nature.
C．Fun facts are listed about the Atacama Desert. D．The desert soil could save lives.
阅读答案：
28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。全文介绍了从3500年前、2500年前到2000年前三个不同时期，古埃及人、古希腊人和古罗马人对大脑还是心脏是精神生活的中心进行了探索。
28．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The lack of explanations about how things worked inspired the ancients to make discoveries and feed their curiosity. (对事物如何运行的解释的缺乏激发了古人的发现和满足他们的好奇心)”可知，寻找解释鼓励了古人的发现。故选C。
29．
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Think about people living 3,500 years ago, in places where pyramids towered above them, instead of the modern buildings you can see around you.”以及画线词上文“we still wonder how the Egyptians could build the pyramids using their own, rather rudimentary equipment.”可知，3500年前的古埃及人使用他们自己的、原始的设备建造出令人惊叹的金字塔，所以我们仍然想知道埃及人是如何用他们自己的相当原始的设备建造金字塔的。故画线词意思是“原始的”。A. Complicated.复杂的；B. Primitive.原始的；C. Electrical.电的；D. Protective.保护的。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Living safer and healthier was a top priority for the ancients: when they hurt their heads in battles, they used to heal their wounds using the cures, some of which were recorded on a papyrus now known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus. (更安全和更健康的生活是古人的首要任务：当他们在战斗中受伤时，他们会用治疗方法来治愈他们的伤口，其中一些记录在现在被称为Edwin Smith Papyrus上)”可知，Edwin Smith Papyrus可能是一篇医学文章。故选A。
31．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Every neuroscientist, just like Galen did, has to carefully observe reality, focus on something that is really interesting, think about how it can work, perform experiments, and discuss the data they get. This way, they can obtain convincing evidence to be shared with others. (每一个神经科学家，就像Galen一样，必须仔细观察现实，关注真正有趣的东西，思考它是如何工作的，进行实验，并讨论他们得到的数据。这样，他们就可以获得令人信服的证据与他人分享)”可知，Galen通过遵循严格的科学的方法来让人们信服他的发现，故选C。
32．A
33．D
34．B
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了在2008年，一位科学家从世界上最干旱的沙漠——智利的阿塔卡马沙漠带回的样本中培养出对人类有益的细菌——放线菌。
32．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Quite frankly, we didn’t expect to isolate (使分离) anything（非常坦率地说，我们没有期待从中分离出什么东西来）”及“But to his surprise, he was able to grow a diversity of bacteria from the sample. （但令他惊讶的是，他能够从样本中培养出多种细菌）”可知，他起初认为样本中不存在任何形式的生命，故选A项。
33．
推理判断题。根据第三段“When scientists at Rutgers University managed to isolate this chemical in 1944, they accidentally found the first antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis (a serious infectious disease), saving countless lives. （在1944年，科学家从分离出的化学物质中，意外地发现了用于治疗结核病的抗菌，这种抗菌拯救了无数的生命。）”，从这个事例中，可以推断如今的发现的这种放线菌拯救了无数的生命，有治疗某种疾病的潜能，故选D项。
34．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“70% to 75% of all antibiotics come from nature（所有抗生素的70%到75%来自大自然）”和“It strikes me that we should be looking more deeply into how nature makes these molecules and how we can actually find antibiotics. （我觉得我们应该更深入地研究大自然是如何制造这些分子的，以及我们如何才能找到抗生素。）”可知，Jaspars认为可以利用bioprospecting来找到抗生素，所以是支持态度，故选B。
35．
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，科学家从沙漠带回的样本中，分离出多种细菌，其中包含了对人类有益的放线菌，这种细菌有可能用于治疗人类的某种疾病，故选D项 。