专题01+名词、冠词-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破

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 专题01 名词 冠词
一 真题感悟
1. （2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查词性转换。动词变为名词。前面是the，后面是介词of，中间应当使用名词形式。
2.（2021高考全国乙卷）_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个，需用复数形式。
3.（2020高考全国卷 I）The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。be of+抽象名词，且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。
4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。由设空前冠词a和空格后的现在分词作定语可知，设空处需使用名词形式，在句中作表语，故填celebration。
5. (2020 高考全国卷III) Filled with_____(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意“充满了好奇心”， with为介词，后面应当使用名词形式。curios的名词形式拼写容易错误，应当重点记忆，故填curiosity。
6.（2019全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：当他们下班后，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，他们告诉我们一个有趣的比赛可以观看，以及背后的故事。由空格前的interesting形容词，修饰名词。故填competition.
7.（2018高考全国卷I）A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all        (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：每天跑步只需5到10分钟，就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种原因导致的的早期死亡。cause是一个可数名词，表示“原因”，由空格前的all可知，此处应该用复数形式，故填causes.
8. (2018·高考浙江卷) Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查词性转换。根据修饰词Chinese可知用可数名词的复数dishes，表示"中国菜"。
9. (2018·高考全国III卷) I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist　
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。设空处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist.
10. (2017·高考北京卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式，故填pollution.
11. （2017全国卷）It is generally accepted that ______ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ____ man.
【答案】a, a
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意为“人们普遍认为，男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。A boy 和a man 都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a.”
12.（2017全国卷II）As he reached ______front door, Jack saw ______ strange sight.
【答案】the, a
【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门， a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight，起初次介绍的作用。
13.（2017山东卷）Take your time--it’s just______ short distance from here to _______ restaurant.
【答案】a, the
【解析】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“别急--从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已”。a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。
14. （2017浙江卷）Experts think that _______ recently discovered painting may be ______ Picsso.
【答案】the, a
【解析】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”The painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting, 指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。
15. （2017四川卷）Spence, headmaster of the school, told us , “fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
【答案】/, a
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。故填a。
二 实战模拟
1. From this experience, I've learned when facing______( challenge), we should fight hard instead of being discouraged or even giving up.
【答案】challenges
【解析】考查名词的数。分析句子可知,空处作宾语。challenge 为可数名词,在本句中是复数概念,所以填 challenges。
2. Then James heard a huge_______(explode)outside his apartment.
【答案】explosion
【解析】考查名词。分析句子可知,空处作宾语,应用名词形式,且explosion 为不可数名词。故填 explosion
3. President Xi Jinping on Tuesday signed_______ order to award four persons the national medal and honorary title.
【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。此处泛指“一个命令”,应用不定冠词,且order 是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
4. Any smell might attract natural_______( enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
【答案】enemies
【解析】考查名词的数。根据逻辑关系可知,此处提示词的意思是“天敌”,为可数名词,应使用复数形式 enemies。
5. I am_______short video creator, with more than 2 million followers.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处泛指“一名短视频创作者”,creator为可数名词,short是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以填a。
6. Chen Wei made major________(achieve)in the COVID-19-related basic research.
【答案】achievements
【解析】考查名词及其单复数。分析句子可知,空处作宾语,应用名词形式,在本句中它是复数概念,所以填achievements。
7. The reality is that, for_______majority of us, cell phones, tablets, or TVs are the last things we look at before we sleep.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。the majority of 为固定用法,表示“大多数”。故填majority。
8. If there is a lot of_______(press )on you to create something magnificent, it can actually thwart(阻挠) your creative abilities.
【答案】pressure
【解析】考查名词。分析句子可知,空处作宾语。应用名词形式,且pressure 是不可数名词。故填pressure。
9. Small changes can make a big______( different ) to your health.
【答案】difference
【解析】考查名词。make a difference 为固定短语,意为“有作用,有影响”。故填difference。
10. I am glad to share more________( detail) about my passion for moon exploration with you.
【答案】details
【解析】考查名词的数。分析句子可知,空处作直接宾语，应用名词形式，且detail为可数名词, 其前面有more,故填details。
11. The plum trees are______ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处the first to flower表示“第一批开花”，序数词前加定冠词。
12. Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am on_______ tight schedule and have to catch the 11:00 train.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语，表示on a tight shedule“时间很紧”。
13. Then, with______ rise of science, changes began.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语，句意“然后，随着科技的发展，变革开始了。”with the rise of“随着......的崛起”。
14. On public holidays, generally ______ Sunday timetable operates.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“一个星期日时间表”， 又因为Sunday的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
15. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in _______ action in Europe.
【答案】/
【解析】考查零冠词。action意为“战斗，作战”时，为不可数名词，be killed in action为固定表达，意为“阵亡”。
16. They were not in the least worried about the ______ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth.
【答案】possibility
【解析】考查名词。空格前面有the，故用名词。
17. The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.
【答案】admission
【解析】 考查名词。Admit的派生词admission表示“录取，录取资格”。
18. Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ______________ (explain).
【答案】explanation
【解析】 考查名词的派生词。空格前面有不定冠词修饰，故使用名词。
19. I explained that each person has different ideas of what ___________(free) is.
【答案】freedom
【解析】考查名词的派生词。主语需要名词，故填freedom。
20. The village where he was born has changed beyond(介词/超出) __________(recognize).21.There has been no __________ (respond) to his remarks from the government.
【答案】recognition
【解析】 考查名词。介词后需要使用名词，故填写recognition。
22. Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your          (require).
【答案】response
【解析】考查名词。动词respond的名词形式为response。
23. Different persons have different _________( believe).
【答案】requirements
【解析】 考查名词。人称代词your后面需使用名词，由句意可知应当使用复数形式。
24. My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.
【答案】beliefs
【解析】 考查名词。 different后面需使用名词的复数形式。
25. We have our furniture moved to the new house when the ________ (decorate) of the house is finished.
【答案】argument
【解析】考查名词。注意argue的名词形式需要去掉e。
26. Not only food and clothing but also medical ____________(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.
【答案】decoration
【解析】 考查名词。前面定冠词the, 空格后介词of, 中间需使用名词形式。
27. I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.
【答案】creativity
【解析】 考查名词。此处为名词形式作宾语，故使用creativity。
28. He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.
【答案】election
【解析】 考查名词。空格前面为冠词the , 故使用名词形式。
29. Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.
【答案】years
【解析】 考查名词。Every few后面应当使用名词的复数形式。
30. Visitors were struck by the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond______(describe).
【答案】description
【解析】 考查名词。beyond为介词, 后面应用名词description。
三 语法填空组合练 A B C
A
体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会---影视文学
The Princess Diaries is a movie about a teenager named Mia Thermopolis. __1__(short) before her sixteenth birthday, she is shocked by the life-changing news that she is the princess of a fictional kingdom __2__ (call) Genovia. Million. Starring Anne Hathaway, it is definitely a movie you should not miss!
Mia,a socially awkward American girl, __3__ (become) princess of Genovia when her long-absent father, the Crown Prince dies. She's taught how to behave perfectly. However, things get out of hand when the media gets hold of the story, __4__(put) Mia in the spotlight.On top of this, she must make a __5__(choose) between continuing the normal life __6__ a San Francisco teen and stepping up to the throne(王位).
The movie explores the theme of responsibility in __7__ intelligent and humorous way. The most memorable scene is towards the end of the movie when, during Mia's darkest moment of self-doubt, she __8__ (touch) by a letter her father left her. “Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important __9__ fear.”
It's one of the most unforgettable __10__(line) from the movie.
The Princess Diaries is an interesting movie.It's about being and bettering yourself, and about knowing friends are. Watch it now!
1. ________ 2.________ 3. ________ 4.________ 5.________
6. ________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10.________

【语篇导读】本文介绍并推荐了电影《公主日记》。
1.【答案】Shortly
【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰时间状语before her sixteenth birthday,应用副词形式。shortly before.….意为“在……之前不久”。
2.【答案】called
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作定语,修饰kingdom。kingdom与call为动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
3.【答案】becomes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。由全文的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时。主语 Mia 为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填becomes。
4.【答案】putting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，(put)Mia in the spotlight 作结果状语。空处与逻辑主语 media为主谓关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填 puttingo
5.【答案】choice
【解析】考查词性转换。空处作宾语,空前有不定冠词a故空处应用可数名词单数。故填choice。
6.【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。the normal life 和a San Francisco teen之间是从属关系,故应用介词of。
7. 【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。in a/an...way意为“以一种……方式”,且intelligent是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an。
8.【答案】is touched
【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。本文通篇使用一般现在时来叙述一般情况;主语she与touch为动宾关系,所以应用被动语态;主语she为第三人称单数,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填is touched。
9.【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。由句中的more important 可知，此处表示比较含义,应由介词 than在此与之构成more important than 结构。
10.【答案】line
【解析】考查名词的数。此处line为可数名词,意为“台词”。而“one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”。故填 lines。

B
体裁:新闻报道 主题语境:人与社会--“天问一号”
China's Tianwen I Mars probe carried out a key in-flight maneuver(熟练的动作)about 30 million kilometers away from Earth___1___Friday. Its main engine, ___2___ has 3,000 newtons of thrust power(推进力)，was activated and operated about eight minutes , moving the spacecraft toward a Martian orbit.
Rao Wei, a project manager for Tianwen I said the elaborately designed maneuver___3___(intend)to adjust the flight route to enable the spacecraft to fly ___4___(accurate) toward the preset point where the vehicle is expected ___5___(capture) by Mars’ gravity at the beginning of 2021. “The biggest challenge in the operation was ___6___the 3,000- newton-thrust engine would need to work for a relatively long period of time under very high ___7___ (press) and temperature," Rao said, ___8___(add) that the long-distance control and tracking was also a major challenge.
If everything goes according to schedule, the 5-metric-ton Tianwen l ___9___(travel) more than 470 million km before its capture by the Martian gravitational field in February. The mission's ultimate goal is to soft-land a rover around May 2021 on the southern part of Mars’ Utopia Planitia--a large plain within Utopia, the largest ___10___(recognize) impact basin(撞击盆地) in the solar system to make scientific surveys.
1.________ 2.________ 3. _________ 4._________ 5._________
6.________ 7_________ 8_________ 9__________ 10._________

【语篇导读】文章报道了“天问一号”火星探测器在距离地球约3000万千米的地方进行的一次关键的制动飞行。
核心素养古有嫦娥奔月的传说，今有“天问”访火星。我国航天事业的成功，大大提升了人们的文化自信和民族自豪感。本文体现了核心素养中的文化意识。
1.【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。表示“在星期几”,星期前一般用介词on。
2.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语。先行词engine指物,故由which引导该定语从句。
3.【答案】was intended
【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分机句子可知,空处作谓语。主语maneuver为单数形式,其 intend是动宾关系,且根据上文的said可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填was intended。
4.【答案】accurately
【解析】考查词性转换。分析句子可知空处作状语,修饰动词fly,应用副词形式。故填accurately。
5.【答案】 to be captured
【解析】考查固定搭配和语态。be expected to do sth 为固定搭配,意为“预计做某事”。且 capture 和 the vehicle 是动宾关系。故填 to be captured。
6.【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。分析句子发现,空处引导表语从句,从句不缺成分,所以应用that连接,且一般不能省略 that。
7.【答案】pressure
【解析】考查词性转换。根据under very high 可知,空处应填名词作宾语,under.….pressure 为固定搭配,意为“承受着……的压力”。故填pressure。
8.【答案】adding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处在句中作伴随状语,其与逻辑主语Rao是主谓关系,所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填adding。
9.【答案】will travel
【解析】考查时态。If引导的状语从句若用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时。故填will travel。
10.【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作定语,修饰名词basin,且它与Utopia Planitia是动宾关系。故填recognized。
C
体裁： 记叙文 主题：人与社会---大学录取

If you (1) ________ (admit) to a university in China, regardless of whatever you choose as your major, there’s one compulsory course that you can’t avoid: English.
The fact is (2) ________ you can probably miss (3) ________ (attend) English class when other courses are taught, but you’d better take English (4) ________ (serious). (5) ________ (fail) in the National College English Test, you may not be able to secure your Bachelor’s degree, even if you have your own major (6) ________ (do) well.
Each student learns a foreign language, and mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education. Such policy (7) ________ (be) in place since the nation’s reform and opening up in the early 1980s.
China’s total number of English language students and (8) ________ (graduate) over the years can be equal (9) ________ the entire population of Australia, thanks to ten national-level collegiate foreign language teaching institutes, (10) of ________ the most important ones are Shanghai International Studies University and Beijing Foreign Studies University.
1.【答案】are admitted
【解析】be admitted to“被录取到”。
2.【答案】that
【解析】that引导表语从句，不能省略。
3.【答案】attending
【解析】miss后面要跟动名词作宾语。
4.【答案】seriously
【解析】take sth. seriously“认真对待”。
5.【答案】Failing
【解析】现在分词作条件状语。
6.【答案】done
【详解】过去分词作宾语补足语。
7.【答案】has been
【解析】since引导时间状语时，主句常用完成时。
8.【答案】graduates
【解析】graduate 这里是名词，“毕业生”。
9.【答案】to
【解析】be equal to“等于”。
10.【答案】which
【解析】which代指前面提到的10个大学。

四 完形填空 组合练 A B C
A
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 1 is obvious. If we 2 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 3 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 4 . But our insisting it's 5 a window has kept them from 6 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll 7 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 8 .
I wonder if 9 should always tell the truth no matter the 10 . I have a very strong 11 that the lie we're telling is doing 12 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 13 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 14 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and 15 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 16 it and wonder, “What if it isn't a door？” That is, “What if it isn't a 17 opportunity？”
Maybe it's an unreasonable fear. But the 18 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just 19 repeatedly having to say, “No. We can't go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 20 to open them and walk through.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。
1．A. relief B．target C．reason D．case
【答案】C　
【解析】 relief “安慰”；target “目标”；reason “原因”；case “情况”。根据下文“If we 2 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 3 .”可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
2．A.admit B．believe C．mean D．realize
【答案】　A
【解析】　句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。admit “承认”；believe “相信”；mean “意味着”；realize “意识到”。根据下文“they'll want to go outside 3 ”可知孩子们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认它是一扇门。故选A。
3．A.gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually
【答案】　B
【解析】　gradually “逐步地”；constantly “不断地”；temporarily “临时地”；casually “随便地”。根据下文“I should just 19 repeatedly having to say, ‘No. We can't go outside now.’”可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
4．A.result B．danger C．method D．truth
【答案】 D
【解析】　句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。result “结果”；danger “危险”；method “方法”；truth “真相”。故选D。
5．A.merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly
【答案】 A　
【解析】 句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。merely “只不过”；slightly “轻微地”；hardly “几乎不”；partly “部分地”。根据语境可知，作者在搪塞孩子们，所以说它只不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
6．A.reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting
【答案】 D　
【解析】　review “回顾”；approve “赞成”；receive “收到”；attempt “尝试”。根据下文“millions of requests to open the door”可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
7．A.win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out
【答案】 C
【解析】　win out “最后获得成功”；give up “放弃”；wake up “开始了解真相”；stand out “站出来”。根据下文“and discover that everything they've always known about windows is”可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。
8．A.dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact
【答案】 B
【解析】　dream “梦想”；lie “谎言”；fantasy “幻想”；fact “事实”。根据上文“I hate lying to the kids.”以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。
9．A.parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers
【答案】 A
【解析】　根据下文“to our children”，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
10．A.restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences
【答案】 D
【解析】　句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。restriction “限制”；explanation “解释”；difference “差异”；consequence “结果”。根据上文“they'll want to go outside 3 ”可知一旦作者说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
11．A.demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt
【答案】 B
【解析】 demand “要求”；fear “害怕”；desire “欲望”；doubt “怀疑”。根据下文“that the lie we're telling is doing 12 damage to our children”和“Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.”可知这是让作者强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
12．A. physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral
【答案】 C
【解析】　句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。physical “身体的”；biological “生物的”；spiritual “心灵的”；behavioral “行为的”。故选C。
13．A. traditional B．important C．double D．original
【答案】 B
【解析】 　根据下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
14．A. life B．time C．reply D．history
【答案】 A　
【解析】 根据下文“Then when they come to other doors in life”可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
15．A. by comparison with B．in addition to
C．regardless of D．instead of
【答案】 D
【解析】　by comparison with “与……相比”；in addition to “除……之外”；regardless of “不管”；instead of “而不是”。根据语境可知，对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
16. A.get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of
【答案】 B　
【解析】get hold of “抓住”；stare at “凝视”；knock on “敲击(门、窗)”；make use of “利用”。根据语境可知，孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在“凝视”机会。故选B。
17．A.real B．typical C．similar D．limited
【答案】 A　
【解析】 句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？real “真的”；typical “典型的”；similar “相似的”；limited “有限的”。根据语境可知，孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。
18．A .safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret
【答案】 C
【解析】　句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule “安全守则”；comfort zone “舒适区”；bottom line “底线”；top secret “绝密”。故选C。
19．A. delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept
【答案】 D
【解析】　delay “推迟”；regret “后悔”；enjoy “享受”；accept “接受”。此处表示，当作者告知孩子们真相时，作者不得不重复地说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这就是告诉孩子真相的后果，作者只能接受。故选D。
20．A.hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．intend
【答案】 C
【解析】 hurry “匆忙”；decide “决定”；hesitate “犹豫”；intend “打算”。根据下文“and walk through”可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。

B
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the 1 the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that's precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃) food. The three­month, 1,900­mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 5 ， the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 9 ， most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste. “Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.
What's 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ，” Dubanchet explained. “Is my 19 full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”
He aims to 20 his journey by mid­July. With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为提高人们节约食物的意识，法国人Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲，途中靠人们丢弃的食物为生，并介绍了不同城市对食物垃圾的不同态度。
1．A.cleverer B．older C．stranger D．simpler
【答案】 C
【解析】引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式。通常来说，想法越奇怪(stranger)，得到的关注也越多。根据下文所述，骑行过程中以垃圾为食是一种奇怪行为。
2．A.garbage­eating B．sports­loving C．food­wasting D．law­breaking
【答案】 A
【解析】　根据第二段中的“surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃) food”可知，这个法国人靠捡垃圾为食。句意：这就是一个吃垃圾的(garbage­eating)法国人引起我们注意的原因。
3．A.secretly B．finally C．entirely D．probably
【答案】 C
【解析】　Baptiste Dubanchet 骑行穿越欧洲，途中完全(entirely)靠吃人们丢弃的食物为生。
4．A.purpose B．way C．opinion D．dream
【答案】 B
【解析】　根据第一段第一句可知，从巴黎到华沙，历时三个月，骑行1,900英里，这就是Dubanchet引起欧洲和世界对食物浪费这一现象关注的方式(way)。
5．A.observe B．imagine C．suggest D．remember
【答案】 B
【解析】　正如你能想象(imagine)的，这趟骑行之旅并不容易。
6．A.store B．cook C．shop for D．throw away
【答案】 D
【解析】　根据上下文可知，饭店每年都要丢掉(throw away)大量的食物。
7．A.locked B．damaged C．connected D．abandoned
【答案】 A
【解析】 虽然饭店每年都会丢掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾箱被锁(locked)、健康法规或商业政策的限制，大部分被丢弃的食物是不容易获得的。
8．A.bought B．offered C．ordered D．sold
【答案】 B
【解析】 只有大约十分之一的地方为他提供了(offer)本要丢弃的食物。
9．A.reasons B．rights C．fees D．aids
【答案】 A
【解析】　根据下文可知，送给别人被丢弃的食物是法律不允许的，因此此处指“出于法律原因(reason)”。
10．A.begging for B．giving away C．hiding D．causing
【答案】 B
【解析】　大多数饭店都有政策禁止送给(give away)别人被丢弃的食物。
11．A.did B．kept C．accepted D．risked
【答案】 D　
【解析】 有些人因为给“我”食物而冒着丢掉工作的风险(risk)。
12．A.hardly B．usually C．particularly D．merely
【答案】 C　
【解析】特别(particularly)有趣的是，各个城市对Dubanchet的事业的态度。
13．A.easiest B．nearest C．biggest D．richest
【答案】 A
【解析】　根据后面的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，前面应该是与最困难的对比，因此柏林是最容易(easiest)得到食物的城市。
14．A.work B．shout C．ask D．jump
【答案】 C
【解析】　在最难获得食物的镇上，他要询问(ask)大约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才能找到食物。
15．A.competition B．conversation C．conflict D．challenge
【答案】 D
【解析】 当你考虑到从法国骑行到波兰所需要的锻炼时，这个挑战(challenge)就更加严峻了。
16．A.adequate B．rewarding C．demanding D．suitable
【答案】 C
【解析】　从法国骑行到波兰，对人来讲应该是费力的(demanding)锻炼。
17．A.again B．alone C．later D．fast
【答案】 D　
【解析】“我”不得不很快(fast)获得食物，因为骑行之后，“我”很累，需要……。
18．A.spirit B．energy C．time D．effort
【答案】 B　
【解析】骑行之后很累，需要补充能量(energy)。
19．A.stomach B．hand C．pocket D．basket
【答案】 A　
【解析】“‘我’的肚子(stomach)是不是饱了？”这是最重要的，而不是“我”在吃什么。
20．A.arrange B．restart C．report D．finish
【答案】 D　
【解析】他打算在7月中旬完成(finish)他的旅行。
C
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 1 station.
The 2 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 3 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 4 it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here？” I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet, with not a penny 5 . She left before I could 6 make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who 7 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 8 ， I called to thank her. She said she 9 my wallet on a bus seat. She 10 that going to a stranger's house was a 11 move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that 12 ， I would want someone to try to find me，” she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 13 ， but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin 14 my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum (论坛), trying to see 15 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never 16 words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I 17 tend to act.
18 ， I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 19 what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely 20 .
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位素不相识的女士在公交车上捡到作者的钱包，并根据钱包内的信息在寒冷的黑夜把钱包送到作者家中的故事。
1．A. accessible B．hidden C．unknown D．convenient
【答案】 C　
【解析】　这里表示公交车正驶向某一个未知的(unknown)车站，因此选C。
2．A. face­saving B．brain­washing C．eye­catching D．heart­stopping
【答案】 D　
【解析】　前文中作者发现自己钱包丢失的时候感到害怕(fear seized me)，复合形容词heart­stopping表示“令人非常害怕的”，与前文的fear在含义上是一致的，因此选D。face­saving “保全面子的”；brain­washing “洗脑的”；eye­catching “引人注目的”。
3．A. parts B．contents C．details D．ingredients
【答案】 B　
【解析】　由后面提到的信用卡、驾照和现金可知，这里指作者在想，要把那个小钱包里的东西都更换需要花多少时间和金钱。这里用contents表示“所容纳之物”，指作者丢失的钱包里装的那些物品。
4．A. ignored B．answered C．examined D．interrupted
【答案】 B　
【解析】　根据下文内容可知，这里指作者在餐厅打电话的时候有人来敲门，作者的丈夫去开(answer)的门，因此选B。
5．A. missing B．returned C．remaining D．abandoned
【答案】 A　
【解析】　根据下文的陈述可知，此处表示“一分钱都没有少”，形容词missing“丢失的”符合题意。
6．A. still B．ever C．yet D．even
【答案】 D　
【解析】　此处表示还没等作者到门口对来送钱包的人道谢，对方就已经走了，用副词even强调出乎意料。
7．A. selected B．appointed C．identified D．defined
【答案】 C　
【解析】　当作者在网上分享了这个故事之后，她收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了(identify)那位女士是Erin Smith(艾琳·史密斯)。
8．A. delay B．alarm C．regret D．invitation
【答案】 A　
【解析】　当作者知道捡到自己的钱包并送到自己家的这位女士是谁之后，就毫不犹豫地给对方打电话表示感谢。without delay “毫不耽搁地”，符合此处的语境。
9．A. moved B．placed C．opened D．spotted
【答案】 D　
【解析】　根据语境“在公交车的座位上”可知，发现(spot)符合此处的语境。
10．A. disagreed B．complained C．calculated D．recommended
【答案】 C　
【解析】　由文章最后一段中的“on a bitterly cold night”可知，那天晚上非常冷。同时，Erin又不认识作者，由此推知，对方当时在考虑是否要把钱包送到失主家，因此用calculate表示“预测，估计”。
11．A.selfless B．risky C．slow D．personal
【答案】 B　
【解析】　下文中短语take the chance表示“冒险”，由此可知，这里说的是她觉得到陌生人的家里去会有点儿危险，因此选B项。
12．A. site B．direction C．situation D．atmosphere
【答案】 C　
【解析】　Erin在为失主设身处地地考虑，用in that situation表示“处于那种境遇”，因此选C。
13．A. crisis B．danger C．threat D．failure
【答案】 A　
【解析】　设空处指前文提到的作者丢失钱包这件事，从前文的fear判断这里用crisis表示“危机，危难”。
14．A.got rid of B．made use of C．had control of D．took possession of
【答案】 D　
【解析】　Erin在公交车上捡到作者丢失的钱包，因此用take possession of表示“拥有”。get rid of “摆脱”；make use of “利用”；have control of “控制”。
15．A.if B．where C．how D.when
【答案】 A　
【解析】　这里用if引导宾语从句：Erin把作者的驾照照片发布到网上论坛中，看看是否有人认识作者。
16．A.recalled B．Exchanged C．repeated D．whispered
【答案】 B　
【解析】　作者跟那些妈妈们除了闲聊之外从来没有深入地交谈过。exchange words表示“交流，交谈”。
17．A.encounter B．follow C．consult D．accompany
【答案】 A　
【解析】　作者遇到的这些人与前面提到的那些人不一样，用动词encounter表示“遇到，遭遇”。
18．A.Going away B．Turning around C．Looking back D．Coming along
【答案】 C　
【解析】　作者在这里发表自己的感慨，用look back表示“回顾”。
19．A.into B．against C．over D．beyond
【答案】 D　
【解析】　go beyond表示“超出，超越”。此处表示大多数人是不会这么做的。
20．A. longing B．Enthusiastic C．Concerned D．grateful
【答案】 D　
【解析】　由上文提到的“offer my thanks”和“called to thank her”可知，作者心存感激，因此选grateful。