第7讲 语篇阅读之七选五信息结构化整理-2022年高考英语语篇阅读结构化详解

第七讲 语篇阅读之七选五信息结构化整理

一、作业讲解

二、新课导入

前六讲的内容基本已经覆盖高考英语试卷中的阅读理解四篇以及完形填空，本讲将针对七选五文本进行信息的结构化处理。七选五的考查形式就是要求考生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话补全短文。主要目的在于“考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”（出自考试说明）。近几年出题模式和话题选择在内容上常常是提出一个问题，然后就该问题的解决办法给出一系列的建议，对考生是一种“指点迷津”的意义。做题时需要明白整篇文章的主旨，文章整体的思路和每一段的用意以及作者写作的意图。花些时间理清段落之间和句子之间的逻辑关系也是学生把握文章的整体结构和思路的关键。

三、知识点讲解

1、抽象结构：

高考常见七选五以说明文和议论文为主，有时也有记叙文。选项上看，（1）主旨概括句，概括文章主题内容，参考大标题。（2）过渡性句子，考查文章结构。（3）注释性句子，考查上下文逻辑性意义。（4）标题型，短小精悍，常用名称型短语或祈使句。（5）首句型，点名主题，上下文承接。所以抽象一般的结构是一个递进式，环环相扣，互相促进。总结如下：

有了这个一般结构，下面的具体结构就好划分了。

2、具体结构

最常见的七选五就是上述所说的提出问题-解决问题的过程，问题是一个，但是解决办法不是单一的，所以我们总结出一总多分的模式，请看下列文本：

Public Speaking Training

Get a coach

1 E   : , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.

Focus on positives

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well.   2B  , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.

  3C    

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.  4G   . As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.

You are a special person not a clone.

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits.   5A   . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you’re not.

A．You aren’t like anybody else

B．You already do lots of things well

C．Turn your back on too many rules

D．Check the rules about dos and don’ts

E.Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F.The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep

G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

下面我们对信息进行一下结构化整理：

【练习】分析下列文本并完成相应题目：

A

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, __1B__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I‘m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?___ 2G___

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___3C___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3. ___4A____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. ___5F___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

B

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 1 .___B________ That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 2. ____G______It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

◆3. _____A______ having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

◆4. _____C______ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

◆ You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5. ______E________instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

四、课堂小结

本讲主要针对七选五进行结构上的分析和整理，从提出问题-解决问题的角度出发，以总-分-（总）的形式对七选五的文本信息进行结构化整理。不管是从文章理解的角度，还是从做题的角度，整条线有空缺，从其它部分能够快速找到线索并顺藤摸瓜准确完成题目是我们的最终目的，有些干扰项不能确定的也可以放到结构里，和谐的就是正确选项，不和谐的就是干扰项，可以大大提高做题正确率。

五、课后作业

适当使用总-分结构对下列文本进行分析并完成相应题目：

【作业1】

Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.     1G  

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.    2D    

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.  3F    Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.    4B    Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

   5A    Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A．Make choice that are right for you.

B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D．And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

【作业2】

How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.      1D      But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂      2G     

●Hit the streets with confidence.      3B      Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.

●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged.

●     4A      Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.      5F     

●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.

A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.

E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.

【作业3】

Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock   1C   Here is how to make one.

●   2B   In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

    ●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.   3G  That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

    ●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.   4F 

    ●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record.   5E   If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

A. Get a sleep specialist.

B. Find the right motivation.

C. A better plan for sleep can help.

D. And consider setting a second alarm.

E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.

G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.