03 探索太空-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读

2022年高考最新热点时文阅读-探索太空

01

（2021·福建·三明一中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个合适的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Six hours and 32 minutes after three astronauts 1． (take) off from a base in the Gobi Desert on a clear sunny morning, their spacecraft, Shenzhou 12, joined with the station.

With that, the Chinese station, 2． (call) Tiangong or Heavenly Palace, became one of two places in orbit with residents. The completion of Tiangong will be yet another milestone for an ambitious space program 3． recent missions have included bringing samples back from the moon and 4． (land) a robotic rover on Mars. Since the station remains under 5． (construct), the three astronauts’ main task is essentially to move in, begin installing 6． (equip) like cameras and start testing various functions, including life support and waste management.

China previously launched two, short-lived model space stations, 7． were also called Tiangong, in 2011 and 2016. This one 8． (intend) to stay in space for a much longer time, serving for the next decade as a laboratory in orbit. Officials said the station would allow Chinese astronauts and scientists on the ground 9． (carry) out complex operations and do experiments in the weightless space environment. Over the past few years, China 10． (invite) international partners in at least nine experiments.

02

（2021·重庆市长寿中学校）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the Mid-Autumn Festival, one of the most important reunion 11． (occasion) for Chinese people, just around the corner, Chinaˈs space heroes came home.

With a crew of three astronauts, Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft succeeded in12． (separate) with Chinaˈs Tianhe space station core module(核心舱) 13． Thursday morning, before its return to Earth. Having lived and worked in orbit for 90 days, the crew has set a record of the14． (long) space stay in a single flight for Chinese astronauts, which is thought to be a15． (remark) achievement.

Shenzhou-12 craft landed in the Dongfeng landing site near the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center16． (locate) in the Gobi Desert. The change of the landing place is due to the fact that returning from a space station can be different from a spaceship for itˈs harder to calculate the exact landing point. Therefore, landing in the desert is a 17． (relative) safer option.

During their 90-day stay in orbit, varieties of tasks 18． (carry) out by Nie Haisheng and his fellow members, 19． laid a solid foundation for future missions and the long-term operation of Chinaˈs space station. “Every stage of Chinaˈs approach to the universe is a big challenge, 20． China has shown great competence.” said Nie.

03

（2021·浙江·余姚中学）I am a reporter and I feel privileged to have been a witness to history being made. Every time I watch taikonauts salute as the rocket carries them thunders away and flies toward the skies, my heart beats faster and my eyes begin to moisten.

When Yang Liwei, a former fighter jet pilot, displayed the flags of China and the United Nations together during the Shenzhou V mission in 2003 and wrote, “To make use of outer space peacefully and for the benefit of all humankind, the Chinese came to outer space.” He was remembered in the history of China as the person who fulfilled the nation’s l,000-year-old dream of “flying to the heavens”.

In the years that followed, I saw Zhai Zhigang floating out of his spacecraft and waving a Chinese flag among the stars; Jing Haipeng entering China’s first space lab; Wang Yaping demonstrating the beauty of physics to 60 million students far outside the Earth’s atmosphere; and Nie Haisheng creating the China’s record for the longest stay in space.

However, few people realize how taikonauts prepare themselves to be qualified. They need to study advanced mathematics, aerodynamics, astronomy, space science and technology, English, environmental science, medicine, psychology and many other theoretical courses, all in one year, a superhuman task equal to shortening a normal college student’s four-year study plan to 12 months.

Apart from theoretical study, taikonauts must undergo a large amount of physical training. In a pressure chamber, they go through a simulated ascent from ground level to an altitude of 5,000 meters in five minutes, with all the dizziness, sickness and even shock. While training for spacewalks in a weightless environment, they wear a suit weighing over 160 kilograms and stay underwater for four hours at a time, losing two kilograms or more in each period.

I have once interviewed Huang Weifen, who is in charge of taikonauts training. ''Without exceptional perseverance, they don't make it," she said. “Our space knows no boundary, and our exploration will never end.”

21．Which of the following is correct about Yang Liwei according to the passage?

A．He was remembered as the greatest taikonaut in China.

B．He thought space exploration could make the world peaceful.

C．He was the first taikonaut to realize China’s dream of flying to space.

D．He once floated out of spacecraft and displayed the flags of China and the UN.

22．What preparations do taikonauts make to be qualified?

A．12-month course study.

B．5000-meter climbing task.

C．Two-kilogram weight loss.

D．Four-hour underwater walk.

23．Why does the author write this passage?

A．To comment on taikonauts’ achievements.

B．To introduce some extraordinary taikonauts.

C．To present the huge development of China’s space exploration.

D．To praise taikonauts’ commitment to China’s space exploration.

参考答案

1．took

2．called

3．whose

4．landing

5．construction

6．equipment

7．which

8．is intended

9．to carry

10．has invited

【分析】

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了神舟十二号的成功发射以及意义。

1．

考查时态。句意：在一个晴朗的早晨，三名宇航员从戈壁沙漠的一个基地起飞6小时32分钟后，他们的飞船神舟12号与空间站会合。根据后文a clear sunny morning可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填took。

2．

考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，中国的天宫空间站成为了太空轨道上有居民的两个地方之一。分析句子结构可知call在句中应使用非谓语动词，由于与所修饰词the Chinese station之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。

3．

考查定语从句。句意：天宫一号的完成将是一个雄心勃勃的太空计划的又一个里程碑，该计划最近的任务包括从月球带回样本，并在火星上着陆一个机器人漫游者。此处为定语从句修饰先行词an ambitious space program，先行词在从句中作定语修饰名词recent missions，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

4．

考查非谓语动词。句意：天宫一号的完成将是一个雄心勃勃的太空计划的又一个里程碑，该计划最近的任务包括从月球带回样本，并在火星上着陆一个机器人漫游者。根据空前的and可知，空处应填动名词与bringing构成并列结构，作included的宾语。故填landing。

5．

考查名词。句意：由于空间站仍在建设中，三名宇航员的主要任务就是进入空间站，开始安装摄像机等设备，并开始测试各种功能，包括生命维持和废物处理。under construction为固定搭配，意为“在建设中”。故填construction。

6．

考查名词。句意：由于空间站仍在建设中，三名宇航员的主要任务就是进入空间站，开始安装摄像机等设备，并开始测试各种功能，包括生命维持和废物处理。根据空前的begin installing可知，空处应使用不可数名词equipment，作宾语。故填equipment。

7．

考查定语从句。句意：中国曾在2011年和2016年发射了两个寿命较短的模型空间站，也被称为天宫。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词two, short-lived model space stations，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。

8．

考查时态。句意：人们打算让这艘飞船在太空中停留更长的时间，作为轨道上的实验室服务下一个十年。结合语境可知，应使用一般现在时，且intend与This one构成被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为This one，谓语用单数。故填is intended。

9．

考查非谓语动词。句意：有关官员表示，空间站将允许中国宇航员和地面科学家在无重力的空间环境中进行复杂的操作和实验。结合句意表示“允许某人做某事”可知短语为allow sb. to do sth.。故填to carry。

10．

考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国已经邀请了至少九个国际合作伙伴进行实验。根据时间状语Over the past few years可知，空处应使用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has invited。

11．occasions;

12．separating;

13．on;

14．longest;

15．remarkable;

16．located;

17．relatively;

18．were carried;

19．which;

20．but

【分析】

本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中秋佳节即将到来之际，神州12号的航天英雄平安归来。

11．

考查名词的数。句意：中国人最重要的团圆节日之一中秋节即将到来，中国的航天英雄们也回家了。one of后接可数名词复数，故填occasions。

12．

考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟12号载人飞船搭载三名宇航员，于周四上午成功与中国天河空间站核心舱分离，然后返回地球。succeed in doing成功做某事，故填separating。

13．

考查介词。句意同上，在具体某一天的上午或下午用介词on，故填on。

14．

考查形容词最高级。句意：他们在飞行轨道上生活和工作了90天，创造了中国宇航员单次飞行时间最长的记录，这被认为是一项了不起的成就。根据“set a record”可知此处表示最高级含义，故填longest。

15．

考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词achievement用形容词，故填remarkable。

16．

考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟12号飞船降落在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心附近的东风着陆场。be located in位于，此处省略be用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。

17．

考查副词。句意：因此，在沙漠中着陆是相对安全的选择。修饰形容词safer用副词，故填relatively。

18．

考查时态语态。句意：在为期90天的在轨飞行中，聂海胜和他两名同事完成了各种任务，为今后的任务和中国空间站的长期运行打下了坚实的基础。事情发生在过去，tasks与carry out之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were carried。

19．

考查非限定性语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。

20．

考查连词。句意：中国探索宇宙的每一个阶段都是一个巨大的挑战，但中国表现出了强大的能力。根据句意可知，前后是转折关系，故填but。

21．C

22．A

23．D

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文，文章作者以一名记者的角色，讲述了中国航天的发展简史，一名又一名宇航员成功登上了太空，取得了新的突破；接着作者讲述了航天员为取得成功，幕后所付出的艰辛，他们要学习大量的理论课程，进行近乎极限的体能训练，“没有非凡的毅力，他们不会成功。”

21．

细节理解题。根据原文第二段He was remembered in the history of China as the person who fulfilled the nation’s l,000-year-old dream of “flying to the heavens”（他在中国历史上被铭记，因为他实现了中华民族1000多年的“飞天梦”）可知，他是第一个实现中国飞天梦的宇航员（He was the first taikonaut to realize China’s dream of flying to space.），C选项符合原文，故选C。

22．

细节理解题。文章第四段开始讲述宇航员的幕后故事，描述他们所做的准备，根据“However, few people realize how taikonauts prepare themselves to be qualified. They need to study…all in one year, a superhuman task equal to shortening a normal college student’s four-year study plan to 12 months.”（然而，很少有人意识到宇航员为了能够胜任，是如何准备的。他们需要在一年内完成……等许多理论课程的学习，这是一项超人般的任务，相当于把一个普通大学生四年的学习计划缩短到12个月），抓住关键词qualified（胜任的，有资格的），all in one year（一年之内）和12 months（12个月）可知，要获得宇航员的资格，能够胜任，就必须参加12个月的课程学习（12-month course study），以上关键词与题目呼应，综上本题选A。

23．

推理判断题。本题要求探寻作者的写作目的，纵观全文，作者先从中国航天的飞速发展，一位又一位宇航员登上太空，取得突破的卓越成就说起，接着话锋一转，第四段首句进行了过渡，“However, few people realize how taikonauts prepare themselves to be qualified.”（然而，很少有人了解到宇航员为了能够胜任，是如何准备的），接着介绍了超人般的理论课程学习和近乎极限的体能训练这两个方面，结尾处更是直接引用了“Without exceptional perseverance, they don't make it”（没有非凡的毅力，他们不会成功）作结，综合以上分析，文章的落脚点在宇航员身上，目的是讴歌赞扬中国宇航员对中国航天探索的巨大贡献（To praise taikonauts’ commitment to China’s space exploration.），综上本题选D。