37 安全教育与自我保护-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读

这是一份37 安全教育与自我保护-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读，共10页。
（2022·青海·西宁市海湖中学高一开学考试）It's a warm summer afternn. Yu're cking ver a campfire. Suddenly, a few raindrps fall n yur arms, and befre yu knw it, the sky is pened up. Then yu hear what sunds like thunder in the distance. What shuld yu d? Yur tent is clse by and wuld ffer shelter frm the puring rain. There's a campsite (野营地) a few minutes dwn the path. And then yu remember that yur car is parked dwn the rad. What's yur safest chice t make sure yu and yur families are safe?
It's a cmmn questin fr many hikers and campers, especially when they're camping during summer mnths. Heading fr yur car is almst always the safest chice. Yur tent and a shelter will keep yu dry, but they ffer little r n prtectin against lightning. Yur car, n the ther hand, will keep yu dry and prtect yu frm lightning strikes. Prtecting yurself against pssible lightning strikes is very imprtant; lightning kills an average f 62 peple in the US each year. If yu keep all f the windws and drs clsed in yur car, yu'll be able t return t yur campsite safely.
Of curse, if yu're backpacking, nt car camping, and if yu're deep in the wds, yur car wn't be a gd chice. S, what shuld yu d if yur car is far away and there's n ther safe shelter nearby? First, yu'll have t make sure that tree limbs (大树枝) r ther bjects dn't fall n yu r yur campsite. Then yu'll have t get in a safe psitin t avid lightning, r flash fld cnditins.
1．What des the passage want t tell us?
A．When t start camping.B．Hw t camp safely in the wds.
C．Hw t survive a strm when camping.D．Where t camp safely in summer.
2．T avid lightning in a strm, yu'd better ________.
A．g int yur tent quicklyB．stay arund the campfire
C．run int a campsite at nceD．get int yur car
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Peple shuld nt g camping alne.
B．Peple shuld never camp deep in the wds.
C．Backpacking is nt a gd chice fr campers.
D．Finding a shelter when camping withut a car is imprtant.
4．What can we knw abut camping frm the passage?
A．Campers like car camping best.
B．Lightning is a danger fr campers.
C．Yung peple like backpacking best.
D．Camping during summer mnths is the mst ppular.
02
（2016·湖北·麻城市教育科学研究院高一期中）What shuld yu d if there’s an earthquake at schl? Hw can yu prtect yurself when yu are caught in a stampede(踩踏)? March 25th this year prvides yu with a gd chance t learn abut safety.
This day is called the Natinal Day f Educatin n the Safety f Elementary and Middle Schl Students(NDESEMSS). The theme f the day this year is t give students mre knwledge abut safety and make sure their lives safe.
A survey dne by the China Yuth and Children Research Center shwed that schl accidents kill mre elementary and middle schl students than anything else. The main accidents cme frm stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sprts injuries(伤害).
What can we d t keep urselves safe? Staying calm(镇静) is the first and mst imprtant rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-prtectin advice.
A stampede is pssible anywhere. The larger a human crwd gets, the mre likely stampedes becme. When students arund yu begin t push, stand still and try t hld nt smething, r stay in a crner until the crwd leaves. If yu fall dwn in a mving crwd, cver yur head with bth hands.
Lean t ne side, curl up yur bdy and bend yur legs.
Earthquakes are cmmn natural disasters(灾难). When yu feel the grund shake, drp dwn, take cver under a desk and hld n. Yu shuld stay indrs until the shaking stps. If yu are utdrs, dn’t stay near buildings, trees r pwer lines.
When there’s a fire, fllw the teachers’ instructins, leave the classrm quickly and use a piece f clth t cver yur muth and nse s that yu dn’t breathe in smke.
5．What’s the theme f NDESEMSS this year?
A．T give students mre knwledge abut safety and make sure their lives safe.
B．T give students mre knwledge abut health and make sure they eat healthily.
C．T give students mre knwledge abut science and make their study better.
D．T give students mre knwledge abut accidents and make them run away.
6．Accrding t this passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A．Car accidents kill the mst elementary and middle schl students f all accidents.
B．When there’s a fire, yu shuld use clth t cver yur muth and nse.
C．If yu fall dwn in a mving crwd, yu can d nthing but wait there.
D．When an earthquake happens, yu shuld stay near buildings r trees.
7．What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．Be afraid f accidentsB．The earthquake is cming
C．Run away frm accidentsD．Hw t prtect yurself
8．If the writer cntinues t write this passage, what will he write abut?
A．The changes f fires.B．The reasns f accidents.
C．Sprts injuries.D．The bad side f smking.
03
（2022·内蒙古赤峰·高三期末）Being caught in a fld is incredibly dangerus. Like many ther natural disasters, flds can ccur with little t n warning. ____9____
● If a fld warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately, ____10____ It nly takes six inches f mving water t knck a persn f their feet, and being kncked uncnscius by a fall int mving water culd be fatal. Additinally, as little as ne ft f fld water can sweep cars away.
● Watch ut fr damaged areas. ____11____ Avid bridges that crss rapidly-mving water, as fldwaters can cause bridges t cllapse. The sil under usual rutes will be muddy and less able t supprt the weight f vehicles. Find alternate rutes ver high grund r wait fr the authrities t indicate which rads are safe.
● ____12____ If tld t evacuate (撤离), d s as quickly as pssible.
● Stay inside a car trapped by fast-mving water. Only get ut if the water begins t fld the car itself. then mve t the rf f the vehicle.
● If trapped within a flding building. mve t the highest flr. D nt g int the attic, as it is pssible t becme trapped there withut a way t escape. Only relcate t the rf if necessary. ____13____
● Avid pwer lines, as they are ften damaged r kncked dwn during strng strms and flding. A dwned pwer line can cause surrunding water t becme charged. leading t electrcutin.
A．Rads and ther paths will have been destryed.
B．Sit dwn with yur family t establish a plan f actin.
C．Listen t emergency bradcasts fr further instructins.
D．Once there, signal fr help, such as drawing SOS n it.
E．Here are sme tips n hw t survive a fld.
F．If yu have t g thrugh water, bring a stick.
G．Never attempt t walk, swim r drive thrugh fldwaters.
04
（2022·上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Mst f us knw t stay lw t the flr if we are caught in a fire, r head t the basement if a trnad’s cming, r bard up the windw in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this mnth was a reminder that we are far ___14___ (expert) in what t d when the grund belw us shakes. If we are in a huse r building, fr example, ur first impulse might be t run utside— but, cunter-intuitive (违反直觉的) ___15___ it might sund, experts warn against that since peple are t ften killed by falling debris as they try t escape.
Given hw many f us travel in quake-prne regins tday, even flks ___16___ dn’t reside in Califrnia shuld knw hw t survive an earthquake. But there are tw different and ___17___ (cmpete) schls f thught n the matter, bth f which are cnsidered valid but perhaps nt always in the same situatins.
The mst cnventinal and widely accepted by the disaster-respnse cmmunity, is the “drp, cver and hld n” apprach, ___18___ urges peple t take cver beneath smething like a heavy table ___19___ (avid) falling bjects. The secnd, newer methd is knwn as “the triangle f life.” It recmmends lying dwn in a fetal (胎儿的) psitin nt under but next t furniture, as rfs and wall cllapse atp thse sfas and desks, buffer spaces are created that prtect peple frm ___20___ (crush).
Over the past decade, an agreement has been reached ___21___ “drp, cver and hld n” is a mre apprpriate methd fr develped cuntries like the U. S, where imprved cnstructin ___22___ (reduce) the likelihd f structures cllapsing greatly. The triangle f life is thught t be mre apprpriate in develping natins like Haiti, where pr building cdes make finding a “survivable vid” inside a cllapsed building mre imprtant than prtecting yurself frm falling chandeliers. If yu’re ging t play the dds, drip-and-cver ___23___ be the best way t g, but a lt f emergency re-spnders might say triangle-f-life because they are the nes wh see the fatalities in buildings that d cllapse.
参考答案：
1．C
2．D
3．D
4．B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全野营的建议。
1．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“It's a warm summer afternn. Yu're cking ver a campfire. Suddenly, a few raindrps fall n yur arms, and befre yu knw it, the sky is pened up. Then yu hear what sunds like thunder in the distance. What shuld yu d? Yur tent is clse by and wuld ffer shelter frm the puring rain. There's a campsite (野营地) a few minutes dwn the path. And then yu remember that yur car is parked dwn the rad. What's yur safest chice t make sure yu and yur families are safe? (这是一个温暖的夏日午后。你在篝火旁做饭。突然，几滴雨滴落在你的胳膊上。在你明白之前，天就开了。然后你听到远处的声音像雷声。你该怎么办？你的帐篷就在附近，可以躲避倾盆大雨。沿着小路走几分钟就有一个露营地。然后你记得你的车停在路上。为了确保你和你的家人安全，你最安全的选择是什么？)”以及下文可知，文章主要告诉我们露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全生存，故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Yur car, n the ther hand, will keep yu dry and prtect yu frm lightning strikes. (另一方面，你的车会让你保持干燥，保护你免受闪电袭击。)”可知，为了躲避闪电，你最好进入车里，故选D项。
3．
推理判断题。根据“Of curse, if yu're backpacking, nt car camping, and if yu're deep in the wds, yur car wn't be a gd chice. S, what shuld yu d if yur car is far away and there's n ther safe shelter nearby? First, yu'll have t make sure that tree limbs (大树枝) r ther bjects dn't fall n yu r yur campsite. Then yu'll have t get in a safe psitin t avid lightning, r flash fld cnditins. (当然，如果你是背包旅行，而不是汽车露营，如果你在树林深处，你的车将不是一个好的选择。那么，如果你的车很远，附近没有其他安全避难所，该怎么办？首先，你必须确保大树枝或其他物体不会落在你或你的露营地上。然后，你必须处于安全的位置，以避免闪电或山洪暴发状况。)”可知，在没有汽车的情况下露营时找到安全的庇护所很重要。故选D项。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Prtecting yurself against pssible lightning strikes is very imprtant; lightning kills an average f 62 peple in the US each year. (保护自己免受可能的闪电袭击非常重要。在美国，闪电每年平均造成62人死亡。)”可知，闪电对宿营的人是很危险的，故选B项。
5．A
6．B
7．D
8．C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“3月25日的中小学生安全日”为背景，列举讲述了来自踩踏事故，地震，火灾等方面的自我保护常识。
5．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The theme f the day this year is t give students mre knwledge abut safety and make sure their lives safe.(今年这一天的主题是给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全。)”可知，今年的主题是给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全。故选A项。
6．
细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“When there’s a fire, fllw the teachers’ instructins, leave the classrm quickly and use a piece f clth t cver yur muth and nse s that yu dn’t breathe in smke.(当发生火灾时，按照老师的指示，迅速离开教室，用一块布盖住你的嘴和鼻子，以免吸入烟雾。)”可知，当发生火灾时，用一块布盖住嘴和鼻子，以免吸入烟雾。故选B项。
7．
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的结构为总分结构，第一段讲述了文章的话题中心，“What shuld yu d if there’s an earthquake at schl? Hw can yu prtect yurself when yu are caught in a stampede? March 25th this year prvides yu with a gd chance t learn abut safety.(如果学校发生地震，你该怎么办? 当你遇到踩踏事件时，你如何保护自己? 今年3月25日是你学习安全知识的好机会。)”，即，文章主要以全国中小学生安全教育日为背景，讲述了如何在校园保护自己。选项D“Hw t prtect yurself(如何保护自己)”贴合文章主题。故选D项。
8．
推理判断题。根据文章前文“The main accidents cme frm stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sprts injuries.(主要事故来源于踩踏、地震、火灾和运动伤害。)”提及了校园安全事故主要来源于踩踏、地震、火灾和运动伤害，并在后文讲述了在踩踏、地震、火灾事故中如何保护自己，由此可推知，作者有可能会继续讲述在运动伤害中如何保护自己。故选C项。
9．E
10．G
11．A
12．C
13．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面对突如其来的洪水时应该怎样保护自己。
9．
上文“Being caught in a fld is incredibly dangerus.”（被洪水淹没是极其危险的。）说明面临洪水是极其危险的，E项中sme tips是关键词，介绍在洪水中生存的建议，E项“以下是一些如何在洪水中生存的建议。”符合题意。故选E。
10．
下文“It nly takes six inches f mving water t knck a persn f their feet, and being kncked uncnscius by a fall int mving water culd be fatal. Additinally, as little as ne ft f fld water can sweep cars away.”（只要六英寸高的流动的水就可以让一个人摔倒，跌入流动的水中昏倒可能是致命的。此外，只要一英尺的洪水就能把汽车冲走。）说明在洪水中行走和驾车都是很危险的，G项“不要试图在洪水中行走、游泳或驾车。”符合题意。故选G。
11．
上文“Watch ut fr damaged areas.”（注意受损区域。）说明要注意被损坏的区域，A项“道路和其他小路将被摧毁。”介绍了需要注意受损区域的原因，符合题意。故选A。
12．
下文“If tld t evacuate, d s as quickly as pssible.”（如果被告知撤离，请尽快这样做。）说明要收听通知并尽快行动，C项中Listen t emergency bradcasts（收听紧急广播）是关键词，这可以让人收到撤离通知，C项“收听紧急广播，了解进一步指示。”符合题意。故选C。
13．
上文“Only relcate t the rf if necessary.”（只有在必要时才能迁移到屋顶上。）说明如非必要，尽量不要移动到屋顶上，D项“一到达屋顶就发出求救信号，比如在上面画SOS。”说明必要时，迁移到屋顶后应该采取的做法，符合题意。故选D。
14．less expert
15．thugh##as
16．wh##that
17．cmpeting
18．which
19．t avid
20．being crushed
21．that
22．has reduced
23．may##might
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到地震时应该怎么做才能避免受伤。
14．
考查比较级。句意：但去年袭击海地的大地震提醒我们，当我们脚下的地面震动时，我们对于做什么并不专业。结合上下文可知，此处在转折连词But之后，应该表示不专业，形容词expert应使用降级比较less expert（不如……专业）。故填less expert。
15．
考查让步状语从句。句意：但是，尽管听起来可能有点违反直觉，但是专家警告不要这样做，因为人们在试图逃跑时经常被掉落的碎片砸死。空格前是形容词cunter-intuitive(违反直觉的)，结合句意可知应该填入让步状语从句引导词thugh/as(尽管)，构成倒装。故填thugh或as。
16．
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到现在我们有多少人在地震多发地区旅行，即使不是居住在加州的人也应该知道如何在地震中生存。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flks ，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词wh或者that引导该定语从句。故填wh/that。
17．
考查形容词。句意：但在这一问题上有两种不同的、有时相互竞争的思想流派，它们都被认为是有效的，但可能并不总是在相同的情况下。与different相并列应该用形容词cmpeting(有竞争性的)符合题意。故填cmpeting。
18．
考查定语从句。句意：灾难应对社区最传统、最广泛接受的方法是“放下、盖上并保持”方法，该方法敦促人们在沉重的桌子下去躲避物体。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the “drp, cver and hld n” apprach，指物，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
19．
考查非谓语动词。句意：灾难应对社区最传统、最广泛接受的方法是“放下、盖上并保持”方法，该方法敦促人们在沉重的桌子下去躲避物体。空格处需要动词不定式，作目的状语。故填t avid。
20．
考查非谓语动词。句意：当屋顶和墙壁倒塌在沙发和书桌上面时，就会产生缓冲空间，保护人们免受挤压。frm是介词，之后用动名词作宾语，peple和crush是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式。故填being crushed。
21．
考查同位语从句。句意：句意：在过去的十年里，双方达成了一项协议，即“放弃、保护和坚持”对于像美国这样的发达国家来说，这是一种更合适的方法，在美国，改进的建筑已经大大降低了建筑物倒塌的可能性。分析句子可知，“‘drp, cver and hld n’ is a mre apprpriate methd fr develped cuntries like the U. S”是对名词agreement的内容的解释说明，作同位语从句，用连词that引导。故填that。
22．
考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，双方达成了一项协议，即“放弃、保护和坚持”对于像美国这样的发达国家来说，这是一种更合适的方法，在美国，改进的建筑已经大大降低了建筑物倒塌的可能性。分析句子可知，提示词是定语从句中谓语动词，结合时间状语Over the past decade可知，主句用现在完成时，从句也用现在完成时，主语cnstructin是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填has reduced。
23．
考查情态动词。句意：如果你打算冒险的话，drip-and-cver可能是最好的方式，但许多应急响应人员可能会说“生命三角”，因为他们是那些看到倒塌建筑物中死亡的人。结合句意和空格后动词原形可推知，应使用情态动词，表示可能性，用may或might均可。故填may/might。
题型
主要内容
1
阅读理解
讲述露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全野营的建议
2
阅读理解
以“3月25日的中小学生安全日”为背景，列举讲述了来自踩踏事故，地震，火灾等方面的自我保护常识
3
七选五
介绍了面对突如其来的洪水时应该怎样保护自己
4
语法填空
介绍了遇到地震时应该怎么做才能避免受伤