专题36 2021高考语法填空真题 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练)-2022届高考英语第二轮复习小题训练

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【语法填空题真题再现一】
2021年全国卷甲
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It 61 (build) riginally t prtect the city 62 the Tang Dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). It is pssible 63 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
We accessed the wall thrugh the Suth Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and utside the City Wall.
After 64 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what 65 (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
We 66 (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky 67 did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 68 way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and 69 (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their 70 (day) rutines.
【参考答案】
61. was built 62. in 63. t walk 64. spending 65. better 66. hired 67. but 68. the 69. watchtwers 70. daily
【解题导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【完整解析】
61. was built。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be dne），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
62. in。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
63. t walk。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。
64. spending。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
65. better。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词gd的比较级。故填better。
66. hired。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
67. but。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the jb和前文My bike was ld and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
68. the。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
69. watchtwers。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtwer是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtwers。
70. daily。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词rutines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1. survivevt→n
2. riginaladj→adv
3. cmplete adj→adv
4. defencen→adj
5. equip vt→n
6. rent n→adj
7. suppsed adj→adv
二、语法填空名词复习思路
1.(2014·全国I) While there are amazing stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk, like cleaning up a plluted river.
2. (2014·辽宁) Unbelievable! Oh..., if yu dn’t mind, I’ll stp and take a deep ______ (breathe).
3.(2015·全国卷II) What makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment.
4.(2016·全国I) Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp________(attract).
5.(2016·全国II) Handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f _______ (achieve).
6.(2016·全国II) Recent________(study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.
7.(2016·全国III) Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, wh lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the (develp) f chpsticks.
8. (2017·全国I) This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity (医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side (effect) such as verweight and heart disease.
9.(2017·全国II)This develpment was nly pssible with the (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
10.(2017·全国III) She is determined t carry n with her (educate).
11.(2017·全国III) She has turned dwn several (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.
12.(2018·全国I) Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all _______ (cause).
13.(2018·全国II) This switch has decreased (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
14.(2018·全国III)My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a (science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
15.(2018·浙江) Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese ______ (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.
16.(2019·全国I)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
17.(2019·全国III)When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting (cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
18.(2019·北京)N matter what yu like t d，there is a way t get invlved in varius ________ (activity) n Earth Day.
19.(2019·浙江) Other American studies shwed n ________ (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
20.(2020•全国II) Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
21.(2021•全国乙) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas,… and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the __________(develp) f the lcal areas.
22.(2021•浙江6月) In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
23.(2019·全国II) But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It's ___________ (wnder).
24.(2019·全国III) They als shared with us many (traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were hugely ppular with turists.
25.(2019·浙江) Schl unifrms are ________(traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
26.(2019·北京) Students shuld have a prper attitude twards cllege befre thinking abut which cllege t attend, and it’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and ______ (meaning) cllege experience.
27.(2020•北京) Oliver says if yu're _________ (luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them if yu can jin in when it's pssible.
28. (2020•山东)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.
29.(2021•全国甲) Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their _________ (day) rutines.
30. (2021•全国乙)Prvide _________ (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
31.( 2021•全国新高考I) Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure that ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur _________ (ache) legs.
32.( 2021•全国新高考II) I tld him hw _________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.
【变式训练答案】一、词类转换
1. survivevt→n survivr/survival
2. riginaladj→adv riginally
3. cmplete adj→adv cmplete
4. defencen→adj defensive
5. equip vt→n equipment
6. rent n→adj rental
7. suppsed adj→adv suppsedly
二、语法填空名词复习思路
1.changes 2.breath 3.ability 4.attractin 5.acheievement 6.studies 7.develpment 8.effects 9.intrductin 10.educatin 11.invitatins 12.causes 13.plutin 14.scientist 15.dishes 16.belief 17.cmpetitin 18.activities 19.cnnectin(s) 20. celebratin 21.develpment 22.marriage 23.wnderful 24.traditnal 25.traditnal 26.meaningful 27. lucky 28. wealthy 29. daily 30. financial 31. aching 32. harmful
【语法填空题真题再现二】
2021年全国卷乙
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact(影响)travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme 61 (educate) abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the 62 (develp) f the lcal areas.
Ecturism has 63 (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
Due t 65 grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types 66 trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
●Minimize the impact f 67 (visit) the place.
●Build respect fr and awareness f the envirnment and cultural practices.
●Prvide 68 (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
●Make sure that the turism prvides experiences fr bth the visitrs and the hsts.
Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. 69 (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim 70 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【参考答案】
61. educated 62. develpment 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. f 67. visiting 68. financial 69. activities 70. t have
【解题导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【完整解析】
61. educated。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配becme educated abut表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
62. develpment。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词develpment来做动词benefits的宾语。故填develpment。
63. its。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词rigin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词rigin。故填its。
64. until。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“nt……until……”。故填until。
65. the。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“grwing ppularity f envirnmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
66. f。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。varius types f 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填f。故填f。
67. visiting。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词f可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词f的宾语。故填visiting。
68. financial。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
69. activities。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
70. t have。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1. cmmnadj→adv
2. turvt→n
3. cmplete adj→adv
4. gegraphyn→adj
5. cnserve vt→n
6. develpvt→n
7. envirnment n→adj
8. wide adj→adv
9. aware adj→n
10. desire n→adj
11. ppular adj→n
12. culture n→adj
13. finance n→adj
14. accmmdate vt→n
二、until四大句式
1. (2021全国乙卷)It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept ______________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
2. (2013福建改编)Nt until he went thrugh real hardship ______________he realize the lve we have fr ur families is imprtant.
3. (2012辽宁改编)Nt until he retired frm teaching three years ag ______________he cnsider having a hliday abrad.
4. (2012春﹒上海)It was nt until 1920 ______________American wmen had the chance t vte in natinal electins.
5. It was nt until I came here ______________ I realized this place was famus fr nt nly its beauty but als its weather.
6. It was nt until she cllected enugh material ______________ she began t create her new nvel.
7. The ffer will remain pen ______________ further ntice.
8. Let's wait patiently ______________ the rain stps.
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
1. cmmnadj→adv cmmnly
2. turvt→n turist/turism
3. cmplete adj→adv cmpletely
4. gegraphyn→adj gegraphical
5. cnserve vt→n cnservatin
6. develpvt→n develpment
7. envirnment n→adjenvirnmental
8. wide adj→adv widely
9. aware adj→n awareness
10. desire n→adjdesirable
11. ppular adj→nppularity
12. culture n→adj cultural
13. finance n→adj financial
14. accmmdate vt→n accmmdatin
二、until四大句式
1. (2021全国乙卷)It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept __________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
2. (2013福建改编)Nt until he went thrugh real hardship _______he realize the lve we have fr ur families is imprtant.
3. (2012辽宁改编)Nt until he retired frm teaching three years ag he cnsider having a hliday abrad.
4. (2012春﹒上海)It was nt until 1920 _______American wmen had the chance t vte in natinal electins.
5. It was nt until I came here _____ I realized this place was famus fr nt nly its beauty but als its weather.
6. It was nt until she cllected enugh material ____ she began t create her new nvel.
1. that 2. did 3. did 4. that 5. that 6. that 7. until/till 8. until/till
【语法填空题真题再现三】
2021年全国新高考卷I
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”. 56 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 57 (human) are.
The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will 58 (undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 57 (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us 60 (astnish).
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it 61 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 63 ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 64 (ache) legs.
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in 65 (I). While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is 65 must t visit!
【参考答案】
56. What 57. humans 58. undubtedly 59. htter 60. astnished 61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【解题导语】
本文是一篇说明文。去游览黄山让作者想起了披头士流行的歌曲“蜿蜒长路”。如果到中国，黄山应该是必游之地。
【完整解析】
56. What。考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is s breathtaking abut the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用What。
57. humans。考查名词。与主语we是同位语，所以用复数。
58. undubtedly。考查副词。修饰动词help，用副词形式。
59. htter。考查形容词。此处相当于“the mre..., the mre...”结构，意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the clder，所以此处用the htter。
60. astnished。考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astnished。
61. was。考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。
62. and。考查连词。空格后的动词ffers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系，所以用and。
63. aching。考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。
64. mine。考查代词。上文提到“in the visitr’s memry”，此处相当于“in my memry”，所以用mine代替my memry。
65. a。考查冠词。a must意为“一处必须去的地方”。
【语法填空题真题再现四】
2021年全国新高考卷II
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always lved the cean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think) it is fd.
I decided t d smething ____38____ (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany____39____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany____40____ emailed its president. I tld him hw ____41____ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s____42____ (excite) when he wrte back t me. He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A cmpany ____44____ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver _____45_____ plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
【参考答案】
36. seventh 37. thinking 38. t educate 39. which##that 40. and 41. harmful 42. excited 43. was 44. representative 45. frm
【解题导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【完整解析】
36. seventh。考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
37. thinking。考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____37____ (think)it is fd.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
38. t educate。考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____38____ (educate) peple abut this prblem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填t educate。
39. which或that。考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____39____ used a lt f plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a cmpany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
40. and。考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“fund”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
41. harmful。考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为hw引导的感叹句，hw之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
42. excited。考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
43. was。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrte” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；ne f + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
44. representative。考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
45. frm。考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 frm sth t sth从...到..., 所以填frm。
【语法填空题真题再现五】
2021年北京卷
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why d we dream? Scientists aren't cmpletely sure, and they have diverse 11 (idea). Dreams might be a side effect f memry making. When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything 12 happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t ld memries. As it 13 (cnnect) things, yur brain turns them int a stry, and yu get a dream.
【参考答案】
11. ideas 12. that 13. cnnects
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【完整解析】
11. ideas。考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
12. that。考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
13. cnnects。考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填cnnects。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主), and he live streams himself just ging abut his day. While riding his bike hme 14 a cld night, he came acrss a sad-lking elderly wman wandering the streets by herself. The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut 15 she lived. Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd 16 (safe) wait fr the plice t take her hme.
【参考答案】
14. n 15. where 16. safely
【解题导语】
本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【完整解析】
14. n。考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词n。故填n。
15. where。考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词abut后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
16. safely。考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins. Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss. Much f this increase can be due t climate change. The findings shw a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster preventin.
【参考答案】17. has been 18. caused 19. resulting 20. t invest
【解题导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
【完整解析】
17. has been。考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语ver the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
18. caused。考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
19. resulting。考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
20. t invest。考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t invest。
【语法填空题真题再现六】
2021年浙江卷6月
It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 56 (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public. Beautifully restred（修复）t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln’s hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it 57 $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their 58 (marry) ceremny in 1842.
When the huse was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is tday. Mary’s niece wrte, "The little hme 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f 61 (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
Althugh Mary lved flwers, 62 she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. A lng- time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary’s sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 63 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
64 Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family. Three f the fur Lincln sns were brn here. After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 65 (sell) mst f their furniture.
【参考答案】
61. has prved/has prven 62. fr 63. marriage 64. smaller 65. was painted 66. herself 67. neither 68. t plant 69. The 70. sld
【解题导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【完整解析】
61. has prved/ has prven。考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield Illinis作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it pened t the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield Illinis是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prve 的过去分词形式是prved或prven。故填 has prved/ has prven。
62. fr。考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. fr +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填fr。
63. marriage。考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremny，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
64. smaller。考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
65. was painted。考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little hme作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little hme是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
66. herself。考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
67. neither。考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nr…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
68. t plant。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为t plant。故填t plant。
69. The。考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Linclns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
70. sld。考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sld。故填sld。
【语法填空题真题再现七】
2021年浙江卷1月
In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index (体重指数) acrss 200 cuntries, the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 56 that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 57 gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 59 (cnsider) healthy.
The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the gegraphy f BMI. In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 63 (sharp) .
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 64 (live) in the cuntryside, including 65 (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【参考答案】
56. and 57. that / which 58. persn’s 59. is cnsidered 60. by 61. was 62. studied 63. sharply 64. living 65. lwer
【解题导语】
本文主要讲述农村地区的BIM相比城市地区上升得太快，主要是因为农村人口的生活方式不太健康，受教育程度不是很高。
【完整解析】
56. and。考查连词。分析句子可知，此空前后连接两个that引导的宾语从句，且根据句意可知，前后两个从句是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
57. that which。考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tl为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。
58. persn’s。考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方…”，故此处填persn的所有格形式。
59. is cnsidered。考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此空是句子的谓语；根据前半句的s可判断时态为一般现在时，且根据句意“19到25之间的BMI(体重指数)被认为是健康值”可知，BMI与cnsider之间为动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
60. by。考查介词。根据第一段和上文的a BMI fbetween19and25可知，这里是说在1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI值“增加了”2.1，故此处填介词by。
61. was。考查时态。此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们BMI值增加的情况，是描述过去发生的事情，且上一句描述当时农村情况时用一般过去时，故空处所在句也应用一般过去时，故填was。
62. studied。考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作cuntries的后置定语；而cuntries与study之间为动宾关系，故填studied。
63. sharply。考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词had narrwed，应用副词sharply。
64. living。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填live的非谓语动词形式，此处作peple的后置定语；而peple与live之间为主谓关系，故填living。
65. lwer。考查形容词比较级。此处and连接三个并列结构，形式应保持一致；由higher与fewer可知，此处应填lw的比较级lwer。
肯定句式：延续性动词+until…
否定句式：…
倒装句式：Nt until…
强调句式: It was nt until…that…