专题33 2018年高考语法填空真题讲义 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练) -2022届高考英语第二轮复习小题训练

这是一份专题33 2018年高考语法填空真题讲义 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练) -2022届高考英语第二轮复习小题训练，文件包含专题332018高考语法填空真题思维导图+高考真题+变式训练--2022年高考英语第一轮复习小题狂练解析版docx、专题332018高考语法填空真题思维导图+高考真题+变式训练--2022年高考英语第一轮复习小题狂练原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。

【语法填空题真题再现一】
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2018年全国卷I
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need t run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
【参考答案】
61. lnger 62. t see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that / which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it / running
【语篇导读】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍跑步的好处以及相关注意事项。
【完整解析】
61. lnger。考查副词的比较等级。根据设空处后的提示词than可知，设空处应用副词lng的比较级形式。故填lnger。
62. t see。考查非谓语动词。句意为：你不必为了受益而快跑或长时间跑步。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，因此，应用动词不定式。故填t see。
63. dying。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处为介词f的宾语，应用动名词：动词die为不及物动词，应使用主动形式。故填dying.
64. is。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：尽管经常跑步不能让你永远活着，但该评论称，它比步行、骑自行车或游泳能更有效地延长寿命。此处为介绍客观事实，根据主句时态为一般现在时可知，从句也应用一般现在时；从句主语为it，故填is。
65. than。考查介词。设空处前的mre effective为比较级，因此，设空处应是比较级的标志词。故填than。
66. that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语为made，设空处引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，先行词为a study，表示事物。故填that/which。
67. causes。考查名词单复数。分析句子成分可知，设空处为介词frm的宾语，cause在此意为“原因；起因”，为可数名词，根据其前的修饰词l可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填cause。
68. strengthen。考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，t yur leg muscles在句中作目的状语，指锻炼的目的，因此，此处为动词不定式，t后应接动词原形。故填strengthen。
69. energetic。考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作is的表语，应用形容词形式。energy的形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的；充满活力的”。故填energetic。
70. it/running。考查代词。设空处作及物动词give的宾语指代前面提到的“跑步”，因此，设空处可用it指代：或填写run的名词形式running。.
【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1.evidentadj→n
2. effectn→ adj
3. length n→vt
4. die v→n
5. die v→-ing
6. die v→adj
7. energy n→ adj
8. strength n→vt
9. mere adj→adv
10.benefitn→adj
二、形容词副词比较级+than+…
1. (2020全国I)The far side f the mn is f particular interesting t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s________ the familiar near side.
2. (2020全国) Oranges: Orange trees are mre ________decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth.
3. (2020北京) They were much strnger than mdern humans, but it's lng been assumed that human ancestrs were ____________ (smart) than the Neanderthals.
4. (2020浙江) The first is declining birth rates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes ________ (ld) than befre.
5. (2019全国I)Hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are ________ (high) than they actually are.
6. (2018全国I)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years ____________(lng) than nn-runners.
7. (2018全国I)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life _______ walking, cycling r swimming.
8. (2016全国I) If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify (识别) thse f _________ (great) and less imprtance.
9. (高三模拟) The fibers are ____________(strng) and mre flexible than rdinary materials.
10. (高三模拟) In additin t clthing, the cmpany is entering mre new markets ___________ befre.
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
1.evidentadj→n evidence
2. effectn→ adj effective
3. length n→vt lengthen
4. die v→n death
5. die v→-ing dying
6. die v→adj dead/dying
7. energy n→ adj energetic
8. strength n→vt strengthen
9. mere adj→adv merely
10.benefitn→adj beneficial
二、形容词副词比较级+than+…
常规考查：给出标志词than，空白处填比较级；
逆向考查：先给出形容词副词比较级，考查连接词than。
得分技巧：抓标志词than或比较级。
1.than 2.than 3.smarter 4.lder 5.higher 6.lnger 7.than 8.greater 9.strnger 10.than
【语法填空题真题再现二】
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2018年全国卷II
Diets have changed in China and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011, the cuntry 61 (grw) mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn’s rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice 64 (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runff. This switch has decreased 66 (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67 (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the gvernment 68 (start) a sil-testing prgram 69 gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放）f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while 70 (feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.
【参考答案】
61. has grwn 62. the 63. actually 64. t imprve 65. than 66. pllutin 67. glbal 68. started 69. that / which 70. feeding
【语篇导读】
本文主要介绍了中国的主要农作物已由水稻转变成玉米，并说明了这一变化背后的原因。
【完整解析】
61. has grwn。考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：自从2011年以来，中国种植的玉米已经比水稻多了。根据时间状语Since2011可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语the cuntry和动词grw之间为主动关系，应用主动语态，故填has grwn。
62. the。考查冠词。句意为：在过去25年中，玉米的产量猛增了将近125％，而水稻产量只增加了7％。此处特指“过去25年”，故填the。
63. actually。考查词性转换。句意为：事实上，对肉类的喜好是变化背后的原因一种植的玉米中很重要的一部分用于喂鸡、喂猪和喂牛。此处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词形式，故填actually，表示“事实上”。
64. t imprve。考查非谓语动词。句意为：玉米产量上涨的另一个原因是政府鼓励农民种玉米而不是种水稻，以改善水质。此处应用动词不定式表目的，故填t imprve。
65. than。考查介词。句意为：玉米比水稻使用的水更少，引起的化肥流失也更少。根据空前的lss可知，此处为形容词比较级结构，故填than。
66. pllutin。考查词性转换。句意为：这种转变已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的水污染，使得饮用水对于人们来说更加安全。此处作has decreased的宾语，应用名词形式，表示“污染”，故填pllutin，为不可数名词。
67. glbal。考查词性转换。句意为：世界银行的数据显示，中国的化肥消费量约占全球化肥消费总量的30％。此处修饰名词短语fertilizer cnsumptin，应用glbe的形容词形式，故填glbal。
68. started。考查动词的时态。句意为：中国政府于2005年开始实施土壤测试项目，这一项目给予农民具体的施肥建议。中国农业部发现，2005年至2011年期间，化肥的使用量降低了770万吨。此处讲述的是2005年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填started。
69. that/which。考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a sil-testing prgram;空格处为定语从句引导词，从句中缺少主语，且指物，故用that或which引导定语从句。
70. feeding。考查非谓语动词。when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1. prducevt→n
2. pllutevt→n
3. glbe n→adj
4. cnsume v→n
5. specific adj→adv
6. recmmend v→n
7. feed vt→pp
8. gvern vt→n
二、识词知意
1.diet n
2. fertilizern
3. emissin n
4. carbn dixide n
三、使用现在完成时的场合
1. (2020•天津卷) The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) arund that level since.
2. (2019•全国II卷) I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______________ (make) ver the years.
3. She _____ (admit) t Stanfrd University since she graduated frm high schl.
4. His first nvel ________________ (receive) gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.
5. This is the first time we ____________ (see) a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
6. In the last few years, China ____________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
7. Despite the previus runds f talks, n agreement ______________(reach)s far by the tw sides.
8.During the last three decades, the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams __________________(increase) sharply.
9. It was the secnd time he _______________ (make) the same mistake.
10. In the past few weeks, a number f universities ___________(begin) t ffer academic credits.
1. has remained 2. have made 3. has been admitted 4. has received 5. have seen 6. has made 7. has been reached 8. has increased 9. had made 10. have begun
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
1. prducevt→n prducer/prductin
2. pllutevt→n pllutin/pllutant
3. glbe n→adj glbal
4. cnsume v→n cnsumer/cnsumptin
5. specific adj→adv specifically
6. recmmend v→n recmmend
7. feed vt→pp fed
8. gvern vt→n gvernr/gvernment
二、识词知意
1.diet n 节食
2. fertilizern 化肥
3. emissin n 排放
4. carbn dixide n 二氧化碳
三、使用现在完成时的场合
1. has remained 2. have made 3. has been admitted 4. has received 5. have seen 6. has made 7. has been reached 8. has increased 9. had made 10. have begun
【语法填空题真题再现三】
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2018年全国卷III
I'm nt sure ____61____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ___62___ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the ___63____(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ___64_____ (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel _____65_____ (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ____66____(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ____67____ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find _____68_____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _____69_____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me _____70_____ (stay) and watch.
【参考答案】
61.which 62. the 63. ludest 64. lking 65. challenged 66. scientist 67. fr 68. them 69. meant 70. t stay
【语篇导读】
本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
【完整解析】
61. which。考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用wh。
62. the。考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the tp f，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. ludest。考查最高级。根据后面的f all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级ludest。
64. lking。考查动词。动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65. challenged。考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
66. scientist。考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
67. fr。考查动词短语搭配。search fr是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them。考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
69. meant。考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
70. t stay。考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb t d允许某人做某事，应该用t stay。
【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1. expectvt→adv
2. appearvt→n
3. glbe n→adj
4. challenge v→adj
5. science n→adj
6. recmmend v→n
7. western adj→n
8. aggressive adj→adv
9. remind vt→n
10. mean vt→pp
二、必背短语
1. 不知从哪里出现
2. 在……顶部
3. 避免做某事
4. 例如
5. 寻找
6. 允许某人做事
三、熟词新意(charge)
1.The restaurant charged ￡20 fr dinner.
2.He was charged with murder.
3.He charged int my rm and demanded t knw what was ging n.
4.Befre use, the battery must be charged.
5.They charge the calls t their credit-card accunt.
6.Delivery is free f charge .
7.They decided t drp the charges against the newspaper.
8.They left the au pair in charge f the children fr a week.
9.He tk charge f the farm after his father's death.
1.vt 收费 2.vt 指控；控告 3. charge int 猛冲4.vt 充电 5.vt 把账记在……上 6.free f charge 免费 7.n 指控；控诉 8. in charge f负责 9.take charge f掌控；负责
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
1. expectvt→adv expectedly
2. appearvt→n appearance
3. glbe n→adj glbal
4. challenge v→adj challenging/challenged
5. science n→adj scientist
6. recmmend v→n recmmendatin
7. western adj→n westerner
8. aggressive adj→adv aggressively
9. remind vt→n reminder
10. mean vt→pp meant
二、必背短语
1. appear ut f nwhere
2. at the tp f
3. avid ding
4. such as
5. search fr
6. allw sb t d sth
三、熟词新意(charge)
1.vt 收费 2.vt 指控；控告 3. charge int 猛冲4.vt 充电 5.vt 把账记在……上 6.free f charge 免费 7.n 指控；控诉 8. in charge f负责 9.take charge f掌控；负责
【语法填空题真题再现四】
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2018年浙江卷6月
Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme. Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap 58 can be t eat ut. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I 60 (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
While regularly eating ut seems t 61 (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst. The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be 62 (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. There culd be an even 63 (high) cst n yur health. Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.
If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme 65 dinner, get a few cking tips frm her. Cking fd can be fun. Yu might als begin t ntice the effects nt nly n yur health but in yur pcket.
【参考答案】
56. dishes 57. wh /that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shcked 61. have becme 62. affrdable 63. higher 64. weight 65. fr
【语篇导读】
作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
【完整解析】
56. 考查名词。名词dish作“饭菜”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。
57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词wh/that引导，故填wh/that。
58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be hw cheap t eat ut.其中不定式t eat ut是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth.，故填visiting。
60. 考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shck的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shcked。
61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems t后用动词原形，故填have becme。
62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affrdable。
63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cst用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰prblems，故填weight。
65. 考查介词。g t sme place fr dinner去某个地方吃饭。介词fr在此表示目的。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词fr，故填fr。
【语法填空题真题再现五】
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2018年浙江卷11月
The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically fund in cffee, has caused a lt f cncern because it is ne f the few drugs that shw up regularly in ur fd supply. Yu prbably 56 (use) caffeine since childhd. Caffeine 57 (be) in yur first Cke. If yu ever enjyed a chclate bar, yu ate caffeine. Sft drinks are the majr surce (来源) f caffeine fr mst children and even sme adults. 58 (recent), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.
Small amunts f caffeine — a cup 59 tw f cffee a day — seem safe fr mst peple. Hwever, sme peple have truble with even small amunts. One cup f cffee 60 the late afternn r evening will cause 61 (they) t stay awake almst all night. Larger amunts f caffeine can cause a prblem 62 (call) caffeinism. Yu get very nervus and yu can’t sleep.
It is pssible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, t. One study shwed that 64 (wman) wh drank a lt f cffee, like eight r mre cups per day, while they were pregnant were mre likely 65 (have) children with birth defects.
【参考答案】
56. have used / have been using 57. was 58. Recently 59. r 60. in 61.them 62. called 63. that 64. wmen 65. t have
【语篇导读】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍咖啡因对人体监考的影响。
【完整解析】
56. have used / have been using。本题主要考查现在完成时。结合句意，你可能从小就开始使用咖啡因。以及结合下文中 since childhd 可知，此句要使用完成时。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或表示或过去的动作或状态持续到现在。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。这里说从小就开始使用咖啡因，这个动作可能还会继续进行下去，所以此处既可用现在完成时，还可用现在完成进行时。故正确答案为 have been using/have used。
57. was。本题主要考查一般过去时。结合句意，咖啡因在你的第一杯可乐里。喝第一杯可乐是已经发生了的事，所以这里用一般过去时。故正确答案为 was。
58. Recently。本题主要考查副词。结合句意，最近，咖啡因找到了进入了橙汁、苹果汁和其他口味的饮料的方法。此处应用 recent 的副词形式 recently 修饰整个句子。单词位于句首首字母要大写。故正确答案为 Recently。
59. r。本题主要考查连词。结合句意，少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或两杯咖啡——对大多数人来说是安全的。r 意为“或者”，是连词，符合句意。故正确答案为 r。
60. in。本题主要考查介词。in the late afternn 意为“傍晚”，是固定搭配，指每一个傍晚。故正确答案为 in。
61.them。本题主要考查人称代词。结合句意，在傍晚或晚上喝一杯咖啡会让他们几乎整夜无法入睡。动词后接人称代词的宾格，此空位于动词 cause 后，应填 they 的宾格形式 them。故正确答案为 them。
62. called。本题主要考查非谓语动词。结合句意，大量的咖啡因会导致一种被叫做咖啡因中毒的问题。call 与 prblem 为被动关系，故要用 call 的过去分词形式 called 作后置定语修饰 prblem。故正确答案为 called。
63. that。本题主要考查固定句型。it is + adj.+ that ... 是固定句型，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。故正确答案为 that。
64. wmen。本题主要考查名词复数。结合此空所在句中的 they were 可知，wman 要用复数形式 wmen。故正确答案为 wmen。
65. t have。本题主要考查固定搭配。be likely t d sth. 为固定搭配，意为“可能会做……”，故此处要用动词不定式 t have。故正确答案为 t have。
常规考查：给出标志词than，空白处填比较级；
逆向考查：先给出形容词副词比较级，考查连接词than。
得分技巧：抓标志词than或比较级。
①副词标志：recently, lately, already, yet…
②介词短语：s far, up t nw, t date, fr years, ever since, ver the past tw weeks
③固定句型：It…since…, It is the first time that…
①副词标志：recently, lately, already, yet…
②介词短语：s far, up t nw, t date, fr years, ever since, ver the past tw weeks
③固定句型：It…since…, It is the first time that…