专题28 介词冠词代词50题 (思维导图+高考真题+时政科技类阅读)--2022年高考英语第二轮复习小题训练

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【介词冠词代词高考考查动向】
动向一、介词习惯用法或固定搭配
动向二、冠词习惯用法或固定搭配
动向三、代词主格宾格反身代词等
【小题狂练一】介词冠词代词高频用法高考真题再练
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
第一组：最近五年高考语法填空介词真题
1. (2021全国甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It was built riginally t prtect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
2. (2021全国乙)Ecturism has its rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept __________ the late 1980s.
3. (2021浙江6月) In 1844 they bught it __________ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage ceremny in 1842.
4. (2021浙江1月) The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased __________2.1 in wmen and men.
5. (2021北京) While riding his bike hme __________ a cld night, he came acrss a sad-lking elderly wman wandering the streets by herself.
6. (2020全国II)Bamb plants are assciated __________ health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy t care fr and make great presents.
7. (2020全国新高考)Museums must cmpete __________peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
8. (2020浙江6月)Sme time after 10,000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived __________, thrugh agriculture.
9. (2020浙江1月)This aging f the ppulatin is driven __________ tw factrs. The first is declining birth rates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes lder than befre.
10. (2020北京) Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins. Over time, the bags fall apart __________cuntless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat sme f them.
11. (2020天津) Fr my fifth birthday, my mther baked me a cake __________ the shape f a mnkey.
12. (2020天津) I never wrried abut my sn while I was away because my mther kept an eye __________ him.
13. (2020江苏) Taking n this challenge will bring yu in cntact __________ smene wh shares yur interests.
14. (2019全国I) Mdern methds __________ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm cnsistently ver a large area.
15. (2019全国III) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dgs, seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters wh had great experience with caring fr these animals.
16. (2019浙江6月) But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer __________ this questin is nt clear.
17. (2019北京) Earth Day, marked n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin. First celebrated __________1970, the Day nw includes events in mre than 190 cuntries and regins(地区).
18. (2018全国III)My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a scientist wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching __________ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving.
19. (2018浙江6月)If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme __________ dinner, get a few cking tips frm her.
20. (2017全国I)This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity (医学界) __________ a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side effects such as verweight and heart disease
第二组：最近五年高考语法填空冠词真题
21. (2022浙江1月)Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak whether she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f ___________ time, they agreed.
22. (2021全国甲) It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all ___________ way arund the Xi'an City Wall.
23. (2021全国乙) Due t ___________grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types f trips are nw being classified as ecturism.
24. (2021新高考全国)While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ___________ must t visit!
25. (2021浙江6月) ___________ Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family.
26. (2020全国II) The plum trees are ___________first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化).
27. (2020浙江6月)This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then, with ___________ rise f science, changes began.
28. (2020浙江1月)A child brn in the US tday has ___________very realistic chance f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
29. (2019全国I)Of ___________nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
30. (2019全国II)When we gt a call saying she was shrt-listed, we thught it was ___________ jke.
31. (2019浙江6月)Everybdy wears ___________ same style f clthes. Unifrms can be useful in unexpected ways.
32. (2018全国I) Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___________ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
第三组：最近五年高考语法填空代词真题
33. (2021全国乙)Ecturism has ____________ (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
34. (2021全国新高考)As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ____________ (I).
35. (2021浙江6月)She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f ____________ (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
36. (2020全国I) Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether ____________ (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
37. (2020全国新高考)As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine __________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
38. (2018全国I)If yu are time pr, yu need t run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give ________ a try.
39. (2018全国III) When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ________ (they) alive.
40. (2019北京) Nervusly facing challenges, I knw I will whisper t ________ (I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
41. (2017浙江) Pahlssn screamed s ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. “She thught I had hurt _______ (I),” says Pahlssn.
【答案】
1.in/during 2.until 3.at 4.by 5.n 6.with 7.fr 8.in 9.by 10.int 11.in 12.n 13.with 14.f/f4 15.f 16.t 17.in 18.fr 19.fr 20.as 21.the 22.the 23.the 24.a 25.The 26.the 27.a 28.a 29.the 30.a 31.the 32.the 33.its 34.mine 35.herself 36.its 37.themselves 38.it/running 39.them 40.myself 41.myself
【小题狂练二】介词冠词代词高频用法再练
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.There are many kinds f activities fr us t take part.
2.Hardly had I returned when I shared the phts and experiences fr my classmates.
3. Because f I held t many bks in my arms, I had difficulty ging dwnstairs.
4.Every time I lk at the pictures fr which I tk, I willremember the water, the bridges and the huses.
5.Yu can't imagine hw terribly shy I was the mment Ithught f that-with s many eyes fixed in me.
6.There the dctr asked Jack if he had cughed smetimes fr lng time.
7.I have set my alarm clck ahead half a hur.
8.It is generally knwn that there are millins f galaxies in universe.
9.S disappinted, he was abut t leave when he nticed an wner f the shp signaling t him.
10.T tell a truth, when I have truble, I always turn t my friends fr advice.
11.I tld the girl t get ut and I wuld take him t the washrm.
12.Make sure it is easy and practical t carry ut and yu shuld reward yu when gals are achieved.
13.The wildlife park is nt far frm the Museum f Mdern Art, s yu can easily visit all in a day.
14.S it shcks me that sme peple in their 20s still get their life supprted by ur parents.
15.While climbing a muntain, we can enjy beautiful views alng the way and ttally relax us after tiring wrk r study.
【答案】
1. part后加in 解析：句意为：有许多种我们能参加的活动。take part 意为“参加”，为不及物动词短语，在此句中要接宾语，应加介词in.故在part 后加in.
2. fr→with 解析：share sth.with sb.为固定搭配，意为“和某人分享某物”，敌将 fr改为with.
3. 删除f 解析：此句为主从复合句。because f 为介词词组，后须接名词（短语）、代词或名词性从句，不可接句子；连词because后才可接句子。故删除f.
4. 删除fr 解析：which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the pictures,which 替代先行词在从句中作宾语。介词 fr多余，故删除fr.
5. in→n 解析：fix sth. n sb./sth.为固定搭配，意为“集中（目光、注意力等）于某人／某物”，故将in改为n.
6. lng前加a 解析：fr a lng time 为固定搭配，意为“很长一段时间”，敌在lng前加a。
7. a→an 解析：hur的发音以元音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词an修饰，敌将a改为 an。
8. universe 前加 the 解析：universe意为“宇宙”，为世界上独一无二的事物，在表示世界上独一无二的自然现象或事物的名词前应用定冠词，故在 universe前加the。
9.an→the 解析：此处特指这个商店的主人，应用定冠词，故将an改为the。
10. a→the 解析：t tell(yu)the truth 为固定搭配，意为“实话（对你）说”，故将a改为the。
11. him→her 解析：take 后的宾语指的应为上一分句中的girl, girl为女性，应用宾格代词her代替，故将him改为her.
12. 第二个yu→yurself/yurselves 解析：根据语境可知，and后的分句的主语和宾语所指代内容相同，此处表示“当目标实现时你（们）应该奖励你（们）自己”，应用yu的反身代词，故将第二个yu 改为yurself/yurselves.
13. all→bth 解析：此处指代前面提到的The wildlife park 和 the Museum f Mdem Art, 为两者，bth指代两者（人或物），all指代三者或三者以上（人或物），故将all改为bth.
14. ur→their 解析：句意为：因此使我感到震惊的是，一些二十几岁的人仍让父母供养他们的生活。根据句意可知，此处指“他们的父母”，parents 前应用形容词性物主代词 their 限定，故将ur 改为 their.
15. us→urselves 解析：句意为：在爬山时，我们沿路能欣赏到美丽的景色，并能在劳累的工作或学习之余完全地放松自己。relax的主语和宾语同指一人，其主语是we,宾语应用其反身代词，故将us改为urselves.
【小题狂练三】介词冠词代词短文改错高考真题再练
第一组：最近五年高考短文改错介词真题再练
1. (2021•全国甲)Last week ur teacher asked us t fill in a questinnaire. One f the questins is: Wh will yu g in times f truble?
2. (2021•全国乙)In my pinin, students can benefit a lt ding sme husewrk. Firstly, ding husewrk is helpful fr us t be a respnsible persn.
3. (2020•全国I) After that I pured il int a pan and turned ff the stve. I waited patiently until the il was ht.
4. (2020•全国III)I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. I’m sure yu’ll have a gd time.
5. (2019•全国II) When I studied chemistry high schl, I recnsidered my gal r decided t be a dctr. They were tw reasns fr the decisin.
6. (2019•全国III) I want my cafe t have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment that is created fr them.
7. (2018•全国I) At the end f ur trip, I tld my father that I planned t return fr every tw years, and he agreed.
8. (2018•全国II)They wuld say t us that playing card games wuld help my brain. Still I was unwilling t play the games fr them smetimes.
1. g后加t。短语g t sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn t sb. fr help。
2. ding前加frm。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“ ”译为“从……中获益”。
3. ff改为n。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I pured il int a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，此处应使用短语turn n。
4. cme后加t。此处cme为不及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。cme t 译为“来到”是故定短语。
5. high前加in/at。“在高中”需要在地点名词前加介词in或者at，故在high schl前加in/at。
6. 去掉like。such as和like都表示列举，但根据规则只能去掉一个单词。
7. 去掉fr。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除fr。
8. fr改为with。这里表示“和某人一起做游戏”，应用with。
第二组：最近五年高考短文改错冠词真题再练
9. (2020•全国I) Then I put the tmates and the beaten eggs int pan tgether.
10. (2019•全国I) Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me and almst hit me.
11. (2019•全国II) Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted t be a teacher because I liked my English teacher t much.
12. (2019•全国III) Each f my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
13. (2018•全国I)During my last winter hliday, I went t cuntryside with my father t visit my grandparents.
14. (2018•全国II) As the kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t watch them, my parents wuld nt let me.
9. pan前加the。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the。
10. ftball前加a。句意：突然一个足球落在我面前，差点打中我。这里使用不定冠词表示泛指。
11. five改为fifth。结合语境这里表示“在我五年级的时候”。
12. an改为a。注意形容词unique的发音, 不是元音开头, 故前边用a。
13. cuntryside前加the。the cuntryside表示“乡下，农村”。
14. the改为a。as a child表示“当我小时候”。
第三组：最近五年高考短文改错代词真题再练
15. (2021·全国甲)Sme will turn t their parents r teachers fr help. Only a few chse t deal with the prblems n ur wn.
16. (2021·全国乙)What’s mre, ding husewrk can be a frm f mental relaxatin frm study. That’s ur view n husewrk.
17. (2020·全国I) Then I put the tmates and the beaten eggs int the pan tgether. “Nt that way,” my mm tried t stp us but failed.
18. (2020·全国II)Best f luck with yurs learning kung fu in China. See yu sn.
19. (2020·全国III)I tell my mm that if we’re frced t eat things, we may becme ill. But he insists n us eating healthy fd.
20. (2019·全国I)Frm then n, I started t play my ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
21. (2019·全国III)In the cafe, custmers will enjy yurselves in the histrical envirnment that is created fr them.
22. (2018·全国I)The first time I went there, they were living in a small huse with dgs, ducks, and anther animals.
15. ur改为their。句意：一些学生求助于父母或老师。只有少数人选择他们自己解决问题。短语n ne’s wn，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。
16. ur改为my。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。
17. us改为me。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格me。
18. yurs改为yur。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck f yu 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。句中的yurs为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。
19. he改为she。结合语境这里she与上文my mm呼应。
20.去掉my。play ftball表示“踢足球”，是固定词组，中间不需要限定词。
21. yurselves改为themselves。这里themselves和上文custmer和下文fr them呼应。enjy neself玩得开心。
22. anther改为ther。anther表示“另外的”，后边多接单数名词；ther表示“其他的”，修饰名词。
【小题狂练四】语法填空---现代社会现金使用率越来越低
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The advance f technlgy in ur lives has been kind f stpped in New Yrk City. Up t nw, lawmakers 1 (pass) a bill t ban cashless businesses. With many parts f the wrld ging thrugh a seemingly relentless (持续强烈的) drive t replace cash 2 plastic r digital payments, New Yrk City fficials have decided cash still has a 3 (value) part t play in ur lives. Officials have apprved legislatin (立法) that frbids stres and restaurants frm refusing 4 (accept) cash. They want t make shpping easier fr peple 5 (prefer) t pay via traditinal means, thrugh ntes and cins, 6 means businesses in the city will n lnger be able t require that 7 (custmer) make use f cashless payment methds.
Businesses that break the new regulatin culd face heavy fines f up t $ 1,500 fr each ffense (违法行为). Critics f cashless businesses say they discriminate (歧视) against peple wh are much 8 (pr) than thers. Many f them d nt have bank accunts r credit cards. One citizen said, “I wrry abut the real—wrld discriminatry effect cashless businesses can have n New Yrkers, 9 (especial) in cmmunities f clr.” Many peple als think 10 is unfair nt t accept cash because sme peple can’t get credit.
1. have passed 2. with 3. valuable 4. t accept 5. preferring 6. which 7. custmers 8. prer 9. especially 10. it
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了随着科技的发展，现金使用频率降低，政府正在采取措施改变这一现象。
1.考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，立法者已经通过了一项禁止无现金业务的法案。根据时间状语Up t nw可知，此处应用现在完成时（have/has dne），表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语为名词复数，主谓一致。故填have passed。
2.考查介词。句意：随着世界上许多地方似乎都在不断地用信用卡或数字支付取代现金，纽约市官员认为，现金在我们的生活中仍有重要作用。replace…with…“以（用）……代替……”符合句意，介词with意为“用”。故填with。
3.考查形容词。句意：随着世界上许多地方似乎都在不断地用信用卡或数字支付取代现金，纽约市官员认为，现金在我们的生活中仍有重要作用。根据后文名词part可知，此处应用value的形容词valuable作定语修饰名词。故填valuable。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：官员们批准了禁止商店和餐馆拒收现金的立法。refuse t d sth“拒绝做某事”是固定句式，动词不定式作宾语。故填t accept。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们希望让那些喜欢通过纸币和硬币等传统方式付款的人更容易购物，这意味着该市的企业将不再能够要求客户使用无现金付款方式。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词prefer和所修饰的名词peple之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填preferring。
6.考查定语从句。句意：他们希望让那些喜欢通过纸币和硬币等传统方式付款的人更容易购物，这意味着该市的企业将不再能够要求客户使用无现金付款方式。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面主句部分，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。
7.考查名词复数。句意：他们希望让那些喜欢通过纸币和硬币等传统方式付款的人更容易购物，这意味着该市的企业将不再能够要求客户使用无现金付款方式。可数名词custmer前面没有冠词，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。故填custmers。
8.考查形容词比较级。句意：对无现金企业持批评态度的人说，这些企业歧视比别人穷得多的人。根据后文比较介词than可知，此处形容词pr应用比较级作表语。故填prer。
9.考查副词。句意：我担心现实世界中，无现金企业可能会对纽约人造成歧视，尤其是有色人种社区。副词especially通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。此处强调状语in cmmunities f clr。故填especially。
10.考查代词、形式主语。句意：许多人还认为不接受现金是不公平的，因为有些人无法获得信贷。分析可知，think后宾语从句中是it is+形容词+t d sth句型，此处应用代词it作形式主语。故填it。