三轮冲刺卷 03-【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）

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【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
三轮冲刺卷03
本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟．
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
One Monday morning I came into the classroom and caught Joe ____1____ a picture on his math book. This was one day after I had given the class a lecture on taking care of school property. Normally I would have got angry and ____2____ him to the office. Instead, I walked over to his desk and stood there. Joe closed the book immediately, trying to hide his drawing. I said, “Let me ____3____ what I said yesterday: these textbooks are going to be used for the next five years, and I ____4____ you to take good care of them.” “Sorry,” Joe murmured. “I forgot.” “I see.” I said.
When I returned to Joe’s desk again, he was erasing the drawing with his tiny, worn-out eraser. I ____5____ him mine and a drawing pad, and then said, “Here, this might make the job ____6____. And you can also use the pad whenever you have the ____7____ to draw.” Joe looked ____8____ and said, “Thanks.” I nodded and started my lesson.
Joe hasn’t drawn in his textbook since. He keeps the pad in his pocket and shows me his drawing from time to time. I’m glad I didn’t ask him to go to the office that day. It might have stopped him from marking on his books, but we would never have the ____9____ we have today. And who knows, I may have ____10____ a promising Picasso.
1．A．drawing B．copying C．observing D．examining
2．A．welcomed B．sent C．begged D．followed
3．A．check B．prove C．update D．repeat
4．A．force B．allow C．expect D．promise
5．A．rewarded B．handed C．showed D．mailed
6．A．slower B．earlier C．safer D．easier
7．A．urge B．energy C．ambition D．talent
8．A．surprised B．calm C．awkward D．anxious
9．A．achievement B．appointment C．relationship D．conflict
10．A．attracted B．encouraged C．ignored D．cheated
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者发现Joe在课本上画画，没有把他叫到办公室，而是给了他画板让他在画板上画画，作者很高兴自己可能鼓励了一个有前途的毕加索。
1．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个星期一的早晨，我走进教室，看见乔在他的数学书上画画。A. drawing画画；B. copying复制；C. observing观察；D. examining检查。由后文的“trying to hide his drawing”可知，Joe在数学书上画画，故选A。
2．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常我会很生气，把他送到办公室去。A. welcomed欢迎；B. sent送；C. begged乞求；D. followed跟随。由最后一段的“I’m glad I didn’t ask him to go to the office that day”可知，此处表示遇到学生在书上画画作者通常会很生气，把他送到办公室去，故选B。
3．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我重复我昨天说过的话。A. check检查；B. prove证明；C. update更新；D. repeat重复。由后文的“what I said yesterday”可知，是重复昨天说过的话，故选D。
4．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些教科书是今后五年要用的，我希望你们好好爱护它们。A. force强迫；B. allow允许；C. expect期望；D. promise答应。“you to take good care of them”是作者的希望，因此空格处是“期望”，故选C。
5．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说“给，这个可能会让工作（擦画在书上的图画）容易些。”A. rewarded回报；B. handed递交；C. showed展示；D. mailed邮寄。由“him mine and a drawing pad”可知，作者是把他的橡皮擦和一个画板递给Joe，故选B。
6．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slower更慢的；B. earlier更早的；C. safer更安全的；D. easier更简单的。由上文的“worn-out eraser”可知，Joe的橡皮擦坏了，所以给他一个自己的可以让他更容易擦掉数学书上的画，故选D。
7．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你想画画的时候，你也可以使用这个画板。A. urge强烈的欲望；B. energy能量；C. ambition雄心；D. talent才能。由“to draw”可知，句子表示“当你想画画的时候，你也可以使用这个画板”，因此空格处是“强烈的欲望”，故选A。
8．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔看起来很惊讶，说“谢谢。”A. surprised惊讶的；B. calm平静的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. anxious焦急的。由上文的“I___5__him mine and a drawing pad”可知，作者给Joe橡皮擦和画板而没有让他去办公室，Joe为此感到惊讶，故选A。
9．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会阻止他在书上画画，但我们永远不会有我们今天的关系。A. achievement成就；B. appointment约会；C. relationship关系；D. conflict冲突。由“He keeps the pad in his pocket and shows me his drawing from time to time. ”可知，如果作者当时没有那样做，他们永远不会有今天和睦、融洽的师生关系，故选C。
10．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谁知道呢，也许我鼓励了一个有前途的毕加索。A. attracted吸引；B. encouraged鼓励；C. ignored忽视；D. cheated欺骗。由“a promising Picasso”可知，作者给Joe画板画画，这对Joe是一种鼓励，故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A new study ___11___ (conduct) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎症) is the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a perfect storm, negatively ___12___ (affect) the body and brain. “Many people ___13___ depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process,” said Stephen Ilardi.
【答案】11．conducted 12．affecting 13．with
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，过多地摄入糖会导致抑郁症的发生。
11.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由Kansas大学进行的一项新研究表明，过多的摄入糖会导致抑郁症的发生。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词study(研究)，且动词conduct(进行)和名词study二者之间是被动关系，此处应用conduct的过去分词形式conducted，故填conducted。
12.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：高糖摄入会产生一大堆麻烦事，对身体和大脑产生负面影响。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语的动词做状语，动词affect(影响)的逻辑主语是主句主语High sugar consumption(高糖摄入)，且二者之间是主动关系，所以此处应用affect的现在分词形式，故填affecting。
13.【解析】考查介词。句意：许多抑郁症患者有高度的全身炎症，这可以直接推动大脑进入严重抑郁状态。根据句意可知，此处表示“有抑郁症”，所以应用介词with，表示“有”，此处是“with+名词”结构做后置定语，修饰名词people(人)，故填with。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tanni was born ___14___ an illness, which made her unable to move her muscles normally. Tanni was interested in sports, but when she ___15___ (grow) up she didn’t see many disabled athletes on television. Then several years later, while watching the London wheelchair marathon, she saw an athlete she knew. She dreamed that she would be on the starting line, ___16___ (compete) in the marathon too. Finally her dream came true. She was not only on the starting line, but also the winner at the finish line. Tanni believes you’ll never know what you can do ___17___ you try.
【答案】14．with 15．was growing 16．competing 17．unless
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了因病不能正常活动肌肉的坦尼，对体育很感兴趣，最终实现了梦想，参加了马拉松比赛。
14．【解析】考查介词。句意：坦尼生来就患有疾病，这使她无法正常活动肌肉。根据句意，空处应填介词with，构成短语be born with表示“与生俱来，生而具有”，符合题意。故填with。
15．【解析】考查时态。句意：坦尼对体育很感兴趣，但在她成长的过程中，她在电视上看不到很多残疾人运动员。结合语境，此处表示“在坦尼成长的过程中”，表示过去在某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语she是第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was growing。
16．【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她梦想自己能站在起跑线上，参加马拉松比赛。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，compete与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填competing。
17．【解析】考查连词。句意：坦尼相信，除非你尝试，否则你永远不会知道自己能做什么。分析句子，空处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，应用连词unless。故填unless。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Naomi Watts, one of Hollywood’s greatest ____18____(star) , was born in England on 28th September, 1968. At seven she ____19____(begin) to follow her mother and her brother around England until in 1982 they settled in Australia where Naomi persuaded her mother to let her take acting classes. After bit parts in commercials, she landed her first role in For Love Alone. Later her part in the film Mulholland Drive showed her strong acting ability, and earned ____20____(she) much respect.
【答案】18．Stars 19．Began 20．her
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了好莱坞影星娜奥米·沃茨。
18．考查名词的数。句意：娜奥米·沃茨，好莱坞最伟大的明星之一，1968年9月28日出生于英国。one of+可数名词复数形式，意为“……之一”，用名词star的复数形式。故填stars。
19．考查时态。句意：七岁时，她开始跟随母亲和哥哥在英国四处流浪，直到1982年他们在澳大利亚定居下来，在那里，娜奥米说服母亲让她上表演课。根据“at seven”和“in 1982”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填began。
20．考查代词。句意：后来，她在电影《穆赫兰道》中的角色展示了她强大的演技，为她赢得了很多尊重。空处需填代词作earned的宾语，需用宾格形式。故填her。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
Arden University
Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. Covering a range of professional subjects in 12 academic fields, Arden University makes UK education accessible and affordable through their creative study platform. Click here to view this school.
University of London International Programmes
We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. As a family of 19 world-class colleges and admired institutes, the University of London has an international reputation for academic distinction in teaching and research. Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. Click here to view this school.
University of York
The University of York is one of the top ten universities in the UK for teaching and research, and is ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. Click here to view this school.
Lloyd’s Maritime Academy
Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. We also offer our best course — the MBA in Shipping&. Logistics. The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. Click here to view this school.
21．Which holds the largest number of students?
A．Arden University. B．University of York.
C．Lloyd's Maritime Academy. D．University of London International Programmes.
22．What can you learn at Lloyd’s Maritime Academy?
A．How to be a training teacher. B．How to be a good programmer.
C．How to be a professional in shipping industry. D．How to be an excellent shipbuilder.
23．What do the four schools have in common?
A．They all offer online courses.
B．They are only accessible to the British.
C．They are all top ten schools in the world.
D．They were all built in the early 20th century
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了几所提供网上课程的大学。
21．【解析】细节理解题。比较第一段中“They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. (他们支持了5万多名学生，同时坚持自己的核心价值观，确保所有人都能接受高等教育。)”、第二段中“We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. (我们有6万多名学生在全球各地学习100多个不同的课程。)”、第三段中“This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. (这所历史悠久的大学由30多个学术部门和研究中心组成，拥有13000名学生，2010年被评为泰晤士高等教育大学。)”和第四段中“The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. (这些远程学习项目的持续实力使我们的课程招收了6 000多名学生。)”学生数目可知，University of London International Programmes有6万多学生，是人数最多的。故选D项。
22．【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. (课程选择包括流行和公认的海事测量、船舶管理和海商法文凭。)”可知，在Lloyd’s Maritime Academy可以了解如何成为航运业的专业人士。故选C项。
23．【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. (雅顿大学在伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰和德国柏林设有体育学习中心，并为英国和世界各地的国际学生提供高质量的在线学士和硕士学位课程。)”、第二段中“Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. (我们的全球足迹和灵活的学习方法使学生可以在任何地方学习。)”及“Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. (我们的学生获得了国际公认的资格标准，与那些在大学就读的学生完全相同。)”、第三段中“Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. (大多数远程学习课程的设计是为了满足专业发展的需要，并反映了在线学习在这一背景下的好处。)”和第四段中“Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. (从短期的在线证书课程到完全认可的文凭和研究生文凭学习选项，都有不同的认证级别。)”可知，它们都提供在线课程。故选A项。
B
When most people think of the word, “brand”, they think of the Nike Swoosh, Ford “blue oval,” McDonalds Golden Arches, or the “State Farm is There” jingle. They know what theywill get with a wellbranded product or service as promised. Think of Volvo, for instance, and your first thoughts are probably something like “well built, comfortable, Swedish” and, most of all, “safety”.
So a brand is a lot more than a logo, icon, or slogan. Catchy as it may sound, it isn’t the “brand” in the true sense—and it certainly isn’t what makes the brand valuable.A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value. Also, it’s the feeling the company conveys to its stakeholders. Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value.To illustrate it, here are some brand promises from three highly successful, world-wide brands:The NFL: “To be the premier sports and entertainment brand that brings people together, connecting them socially and emotionally like no other.”Coca-Cola: “To inspire moments of optimism and uplift.”VirginAtlantic: “To be genuine, fun, contemporary, and different in everything we do at a reasonable price.”
Interesting. In none of the above cases does the brand promise describe what these companies do or provide. The NFL’s brand promise says nothing about football. Coca-Cola doesn’t talk about providing the best soft drinks in the world. And Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.
Of course, a promise is nowhere near enough. The promise along with look, personality, time, money, and hard work combined can eventually help to build and maintain great brands and acquire a special patina(光泽) of what I call “me” appeal, showing my personal appetite. Apple has that patina. All of this can lead to sub-brands, like iPhone and iPad which acquire the glory of the parent brand.
Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things. TD Bank has a special place in their branches for you to deposit all those coins you collect in jars. It is called the Penny Arcade that turns depositing your coins into a fun game in which you can even win prizes. Years ago, Dime Savings Bank in New York had a small dime(十分硬币) carrier. It was given to kids and then they’d fill up its 50 slots (投币口) with a dime in each one and bring it to exchange for a $5 bill.
24．What can we know from the first 2 paragraphs?
A．People tend to believe in top brands because they deliverwhat is promised.
B．Well branded Swedish products are of good quality but more costly than others.
C．Well branded products are faced with great challenges of quality currently.
D．A company shouldn’t care about logos because they can’t make the brand valuable.
25．In the author’s opinion, a brand promise is ___________.
A．thecontract between a company and the people who interact with it
B．the only way to build and maintain a great brand’s value
C．a description of what a company actually does for its consumers
D．an important factor contributing to the success of a brand
26．According to the passage, what isprobably “Virgin Atlantic”?
A．A financial company. B．A high-tech software product.
C．An airline company. D．An entertainment product.
27．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Buying a certain brand says nothing about the person who buys it.
B．Little things can mean a lot and make a brand memorable.
C．Sub-brands are relatively easy to build and generate huge profits.
D．Dime Savings Bank’s dime carriers are difficult for kids to operate.
【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。当大多数人想到“品牌”这个词时，他们想到的是耐克的标志，福特的“蓝色椭圆”。文章告诉我们“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。”
24．【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中They know what they will get with a well branded product or service as promised.第二段中A company’s brand is a promise. It’s a description of the company’s character. To some extent, it’s a mission; it’s how the company creates and delivers value.可知，从第二段我们知道“人们倾向于相信顶级品牌，因为他们兑现了承诺。”故选A。
25．【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Successful brands meet various challenges and consistently deliver on their promises, which is how they create brand value. 笔者认为，品牌承诺是一个品牌成功的重要因素。故选D。
26．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Virgin Atlantic’s promise goes a lot farther than seating passengers in its aircrafts.根据文章，“Virgin Atlantic”可能是“一个航空公司。”故选C。
27．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Sometimes a brand is memorable because of little things.从这篇文章可以推断出“小事情可以意味着很多，让一个品牌令人难忘。”故选B。
C
Plastic—Eating Worm
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that ends up in landfills(垃圾填埋场) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms(幼虫).   

Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯), which accounts for 40% of plastics.
That is to say, part of plastics can be consumed by this kind of worms. The team left 100 wax worms on a plastic shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology.
Federica Bertocchini, co—author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic." Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon—carbon bond, is there as well," she explains. "The wax worm developed a method or system to break this bond."
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help make use of the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
28．What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They can consume plastics.
C．They end up in landfills.
D．They are new creatures.
29．According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.
A．prove the research findings
B．discover other kinds of worms
C．increase the breakdown speed
D．find out the source of the enzyme
30．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
31．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To propose new means to keep eco—balance.
B．To present a way to break down plastics.
C．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
D．To explain a study method on worms.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B
【解析】本文是说明文，作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子—大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
28．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英国的研究人员发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。)可知研究人员发现大蜡螟蠕虫能够分解塑料，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与B项的 “消耗塑料”吻合，故选B项。
29．【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?” (DeBruyn说，下一步将是确定酶的来源。它是蠕虫本身产生的酶还是它的肠道微生物产生的酶? )可知，接下来人们需要证实的是酶是从哪里产生的，D项“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。故选D项。
30．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."” (但她希望在某种工业过程中使用这种化学物质，而不是简单地“把数百万只虫子扔在塑料上”)可推知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的 “今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合，故选D项。
31．【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，结合第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英国的研究人员发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯)可知，作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为了人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C项。
D
The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比关系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直觉的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how requently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
32．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
33．Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6?
A．To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B．To stress the importance of tracking diseases.
C．To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D．To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
34．Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law?
A．Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.
B．Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.
C．Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,
D．City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
【答案】32．D 33．D 34．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新研究，利用简单数学定律预测全球城市旅行模式，并介绍该定律的优点。
32．【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. (这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”与make the most of意义一致，故选D。
33．【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段“Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow. (许多研究人员使用“重力模型”来估计旅行，该模型假设城市之间的移动与其人口规模成比例的。但这些模型没有考虑到城市内部的旅行。这些信息在处理疾病传播时尤其重要。流行病学家Sam Scarpino表示，基于这一新发现，可能会更好地跟踪这种流动。)”可知，本段主要说明“重力模型”的缺点，它没有考虑到城市内部的旅行，会对处理疾病传播有影响。第五段“Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher. (地理学家和移动性研究员Kathleen Stewart说：“了解这些模式不仅对于规划新购物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且对于模拟城市内的疾病传播也很重要。”)”说明了平方反比原理的优点。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravity models是为了展现重力模型的缺点及平方反比原理的优点，故选D。
34．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately. (在一个较小的农村地区，许多人经常去同一家杂货店，随着病毒席卷整个社区，整个城镇将经历急剧的感染高峰。他解释说：“但在一个更大的城市，传播需要更长的时间，因为小型流行病可以轻微地、单独地发生在每个社区。”)”可知，病毒在农村地区的传播速度比在大城市传播的速度快，故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．
How Culture Affects Cuisine
It probably happened to you: You ate this incredible dessert in Turkey, you tried this fantastic dish in Spain, and you brought the recipe back home — just to feel the disappointment that what you cooked at home didn’t pass the taste test.
It’s likely that groceries have different qualities in different countries. In the case of the United States and Europe this has very little to do with soil or climate. ____35____ Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans. It comes down to culture.
Europeans often value quality more than quantity. Of course you will find out-of-season produce on the shelves of grocery stores as well. ___36___ Europeans especially are willing to give up short-term gain for a much greater long-term result.
Take, for example, Italians produce dry-cured ham (干腌火腿) only during the waning moon that follows the full moon and it is practiced to this day. According to old farmer’s lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn’t cured by the moon. ____37____
However, Americans believe in progress and the benefits of technology. It becomes clear why following tradition doesn’t have to be a strong value. Food for U.S. consumers is produced and shipped across the country. ____38____ The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. The population growth calls for higher quantities. Farmers and growers are paid for the amount, not for the flavor.
____39____ European cultures are rather regional, and this means food traditions have remained undamaged in fairly small areas. Within these regions and communities people often shop locally from regional producers. And they shop more frequently than Americans. Europeans often go to the local market daily whereas millions of shoppers in the U.S. purchase one or two weeks’ supply of groceries in one single visit to the big box store.
All these consumer choices, based on cultural behaviors, have had a lasting impact on how our food is grown and what it tastes like.
A．Geography plays another role here.
B．Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.
C．However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.
D．This great interest in culinary (烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature.
E．The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.
F．Food provides the world with one of the only ways to universally communicate.
G．Often our culinary preferences have an effect on the vacation destinations we choose.
【答案】35．E 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化是如何影响菜品烹饪的。
35．【解析】根据后文“Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans.(与大多数欧洲人相比，美国消费者对货品有其他偏好)”中的“preferences”可知，美国人和欧洲人的选择不同，即E项“The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.(各地制作出的口味不同的主要原因在于选择)”所表达的含义。故选E。
36．【解析】C项“However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.(然而，他们国家对更好质量的需求更大)”中的“better quality”与前文“Europeans often value quality more than quantity.(欧洲人通常重视质量而不是数量)”中的“quality”呼应。故选C。
37．【解析】根据前文“According to old farmer’s lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn’t cured by the moon.(根据这位老农的传说，如果不在月光下腌制，肉可能会变质)”可知，D项“This great interest in culinary (烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature.(这种对烹饪传统的浓厚兴趣是一种文化特征)”中的“tradition”呼应了“lore”，同时呼应了后文中的“tradition”。故选D。
38．【解析】根据后文“The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce.(食品生产的工业化激发了新的产物)”可知，B项“Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.(冷藏设备使得食物储存时间变长成为可能)”中的“Refrigeration”就是基于食品生产工业化的新产物。故选B。
39．【解析】后文“European cultures are rather regional(欧洲文化是相当地域性的) ”中的“regional”呼应了A项“Geography plays another role here.(地理环境也起着作用)”中的“Geography”，说明地理也是一个影响因素。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.
Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持续的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.
Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop. then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.
If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimising waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.
40．What are refill shops?
41．According to the passage, what is the most important value of refill shopping?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because driving to these shops can cost monev.
43．In reality, refill shops have not won much popularity yet. What do you think might be the possible reason(s)?(In about 40 words)
【答案】40．Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
41．The most important value of refill shopping is that it cncourages us to think about our consumer habits.
42．According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
43．言之有理即可。
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零浪费商店为环保所做出的努力。
40．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.(零浪费商店往往规模较小，出售非包装商品的独立商店。)”可知，零浪费商店是出售非包装商品的小型独立商店。故答案为Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
41【解析】．细节理解题。根据第四段“Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits.(或许，在本地零浪费商店购物最重要的方面是，它们鼓励我们思考自己的消费习惯。)”可知，零浪费购物最重要的价值在于它鼓励我们去思考我们的消费习惯。故答案为The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
42．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community.(零浪费商店通常位于社区。很明显，在步行距离内购买更可持续，对地球和你的社区更友善。)”可知，零浪费商店建在社区内步行，因为步行去商店是环保的。故答案为According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
43．【解析】开放题。本题是分析零浪费商店还没有赢得多少人气的原因。言之有理即可。参考答案为Refill shops have not won much popularity yet, because the goods which refill shops sell are not rich enough and can't meet customer's demands. It may not be convenient for some elderly people to shop in such stores.
第二节（20分）
你校将组织主题为"Going Green"的系列活动。请你为校广播站写一篇英语广播稿，内容包括：
1. 活动目的：
2. 活动内容
3. 希望参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 首句和尾句已为你写好。
All the students, attention, please!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
【答案】All the students, attention, please!
With the intention of protecting the environment, our school will launch a campaign themed“Going Green" this month.
We are expected to take an active part in it. Planting trees on the hill near our school is available at the weekend, which is apparently a way to make a greener environment. Moreover, it's suggested that we should travel to and from school by public transport or by bike instead of driving, which makes it possible for us to save energy. Of course, we are supposed to save water, paper and electricity in proper ways.
Hope all of us can participate actively. By doing these, not only can we make a greener world, but it can also make our school life more colorful. Please take action right away!
That's all. Thank you!