二轮拔高卷 08-【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（天津专用）

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【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（天津专用）
二轮拔高卷08
本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时 100分钟。第I卷2至11页，第II卷12至13页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，并在 规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的 无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:
1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共55小题，共95分。
第I卷
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．——Would you mind if I take the seat next to you?
——________. The person who was here has finished his lunch and left.
A．Certainly not B．Enjoy yourself
C．Don’t trouble me D．Yes, please
【答案】A
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意我坐在你旁边吗?——当然不介意。刚才在这儿的那个人吃完午饭就走了。A. Certainly not当然不；B. Enjoy yourself玩得开心；C. Don’t trouble me别麻烦我；D. Yes, please是的，请。根据后文“The person who was here has finished his lunch and left.”可知，此处同意对方的请求，表示“（当然）不介意”。故选A项。
2．Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and lack the ability to solve problems _____.
A．independently B．individually C．irrespectively D．dependently
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他们中的一些人习惯了依赖父母，缺乏独立解决问题的能力。A.independently独立地；B.individually个别地；C.irrespectively无关地；D.dependently依附地。根据句意，前面讲依赖于他们父母，所以应是缺乏独立性。故选A项。
3．I was attracted to swimming because it is an excellent sport ______ children and adults can develop strength, endurance and flexibility.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我被游泳所吸引，因为它是一项优秀的运动，儿童和成人可以发展力量，耐力和灵活性。句中先行词为sport，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where用法。故选D。
4．---______ you possibly take me to the railway station on your way to work tomorrow?
---No problem.
A．May B．Might C．Should D．Could
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—你明天上班的路上能带我去火车站吗？—没问题。A. May可能；B. Might可能；C. Should应该；D. Could能。由语意可知，此处表示有礼貌的请求，应用情态动词could，语气上更委婉、客气。故选D项。
5．Most people can’t bear others   ________on the street．
A．spit B．to spit C．spat D．spitting
【答案】D
【解析】考查动名词。句意：大多数人不能忍受其他人在街上吐痰。短语bear doing sth.表示“忍受做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语，故选D项。
6．In the picture there are many________ and two________.
A．sheep; foxes B．sheeps; fox C．sheeps; foxes D．sheep;foxs
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词单复数辨析。句意：图中有许多羊和两只狐狸。根据题意，由many许多，可知sheep用复数形式，sheep羊，单复数同形；空格二由two可知，fox用复数形式，fox狐狸，复数形式为foxes。故选A项。
7．They explained that these were purely ________ weapons, not designed for attack.
A．demanding B．desperate C．defensive D．determined
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们解释说，这些武器纯粹是防御性武器，而不是为攻击而设计的。demanding“苛刻的；要求高的”；desperate“拼命的；孤注一掷的；”；defensive“防御(性)的；防守的”；determined“坚定的”。由下文“不是为了攻击设计的”可知，是防御性武器。故选C。
8．—Will this fish keep fresh until tomorrow?
—________ you put it in the fridge.
A．Only B．Only if C．While D．Because
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句连词。句意：——把这条鱼放进冰箱，明天还新鲜吗？——只要你把它放进冰箱就行。A. Only仅仅；只；B. only if只有；C. While当…时候；D. Because因为。在only if 中，副词only是中心词,而从属连接词if只用来连接从句，因此，它表示“只有……(才)；唯一的条件是……”之一，该句表示“把鱼放进冰箱”是“使鱼保持新鲜”的唯一条件和办法，故选B项。
9．When Mark Twain was young he did ________ he could ________.
A．all; earn his leaving B．what; earn his living
C．all; to earn his living D．what; earning his living
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词及非谓语动词。句意：马克·吐温年轻的时候，为了谋生，他竭尽全力。分析句子可知，空1应填代词all，作did的宾语，(that) he could (do)作定语从句修饰all；空2应使用to引导的不定式，作目的状语。故选C项。
10．The news came________the British Queen Mother celebrated her 101st birthday in good health,________isn't surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A．when; as B．which; which C．that; that        D．that; which
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句和非限制性定语从句。句意：消息传来，英国女王健康地庆祝了她的101岁生日，这并不奇怪，因为她过着轻松的生活，得到最好的医疗照顾。分析句子结构，________the British Queen Mother celebrated her 101st birthday in good health是一个同位语从句，解释说明The news，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that引导该从句；________isn't surprising是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导该从句，故选D。
11．I patted him on ________ shoulder, saying in ________ encouraging voice, "You can do it!”
A．the; an B．his; an C．the; / D．his; /
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我拍了拍他的肩膀，用鼓励的声音说：“你能做到的！”pat sb. on the shoulder为固定用法，意为“拍某人肩膀”；voice为可数名词单数形式，前面应加不定冠词，表泛指，由于encouraging为元音音素开头，故使用an。故选A项。
12．They informed me that they would talk to me ______ my application for the post of assistant editor.
A．in exchange for B．in favor of C．in preparation for D．in regard to
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他们通知我，他们将就我申请助理编辑职位一事与我谈谈。A.in exchange for作为……的交换；B.in favor of赞成；C.in preparation for为……作准备；D.in regard to关于。由“they would talk to me”和“my application for the post”可知，他们是想跟我谈关于我申请助理编辑职位一事，因此空格处意为“关于”，故选D。
13．The girl is ________ a singer ________ everyone in her hometown.
A．well- known as; for B．well-known as; in
C．well- known as; to D．best- known for; for
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：在她的家乡，这个女孩是个众所周知的歌手。浏览选项可知，“be well- known as…”意为“作为……而著名”，“be best-known for…”意为“因……而著名”，故空格一处应用“well- known as”，表示“女孩是作为歌手而著名的”，“be well- known to…”意为“为……所熟知”，故空格二应用介词“to”，表示女孩为家乡的人所熟知。故选C项。
14．The resolution will be significant for the nation to seize the period of strategic________as it faces the most complicated external environments.
A．organization B．opposition C．opportunity D．occupation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该决议对于我国在最复杂的外部环境下抓住战略机遇期具有重要意义。A. organization组织；B. opposition反对；C. opportunity机会；D. occupation职业。根据句意可知，这里表示“抓住战略机遇期”，故选C。
15．—I have to board the plane. See you next month.
—Goodbye and________.
A．go ahead B．all right C．by all means D．all the best
【答案】D
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我必须上飞机。下个月见。——再见，祝你一切顺利。A. go ahead开始；B. all right不错，好；C. by all means尽一切办法；D. all the best一切顺利；万事如意。根据“I have to board the plane. See you next month.”可知，给别人送行，所以祝愿对方一切顺利。故选D。
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
For four days and three nights, a dog trapped on a large block of ice in the cold waters of the Detroit River between the US and Canada tried very hard to stay alive. ___16___ the situation was desperate, the dog held out a miracle—and ___17___ got one.
The dog was first ___18___ by a wildlife photographer taking photos on the Michigan bank of the river. Soon, people on both sides of the border ___19___ to find a way to save the dog.
After trying numerous resources, it seemed no one could ___20___ , but determined ___21___ refused to give up. “We had to ___22___ for him,” Patricia Trevino of the River Rouge Animal Shelter（RRAS）said. “It was a level of ___23___ I'd never felt, because this was a（n） ___24___ ; it was out there in front of us. We could all ___25___ it.”
That's when Jude Mead and his son, who own a marine construction company in Windsor, ___26___ the lifesaving operation. ___27___ in an airboat（汽船）, the pair were able to sail their airboat across the ice and save the dog.
After having spent such a long period in low temperatures, the dog was in very ___28___ condition. Then he was taken to ___29___ . After successful ___30___ and recovery, the ___31___ dog was renamed “Miracle" and put up for ___32___ .
There were many people who want to adopt Miracle. When the man who'd saved him from the ice stepped forward to adopt him, the shelter staff ___33___ that nothing could feel more right than ___34___ them.
“The story was spreading quickly. In the end the little dog was placed into the hands of the ___35___ who saved his life,” Friends of the RRAS announced.
16．A．Unless B．Until C．Even though D．In case
17．A．eventually B．frequently C．occasionally D．previously
18．A．pulled B．spotted C．raised D．caught
19．A．declined B．hesitated C．pretended D．struggled
20．A．survive B．explain C．help D．march
21．A．doctors B．rescuers C．nurses D．skaters
22．A．fight B．send C．apologize D．compete
23．A．regret B．doubt C．frustration D．relief
24．A．mistake B．excuse C．joke D．life
25．A．lead B．see C．touch D．feed
26．A．got rid of B．heard of C．took charge of D．lost control of
27．A．Setting off B．Turning around C．Looking back D．Dropping out
28．A．unique B．poor C．ideal D．dirty
29．A．home B．church C．school D．hospital
30．A．adjustment B．development C．treatment D．movement
31．A．lucky B．sleepy C．careful D．intelligent
32．A．purchase B．display C．competition D．adoption
33．A．agreed B．complained C．whispered D．reported
34．A．reviewing B．reuniting C．refreshing D．representing
35．A．explorer B．buyer C．official D．hero
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B
26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一只狗被困在美国和加拿大之间底特律河冰冷的水中的一块大冰块上，最终被Jude Mead和他儿子成功地驾驶汽艇穿越冰面，救出了这只狗。
16．【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况非常危急，但这只狗还是创造了一个奇迹——并最终实现了奇迹。A. Unless除非；B. Until直到；C. Even though尽管；D. In case万一。由“the dog held out a miracle”可知，尽管情况非常危急，但这只狗还是创造了一个奇迹，故选C。
17．【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况非常危急，但这只狗还是创造了一个奇迹——并最终实现了奇迹。A. eventually最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. previously以前。根据语境可知，“got one”是最终的结果，空格处意为“最后”，故选A。
18．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只狗最初是被一名野生动物摄影师发现的，当时他正在密歇根河岸拍照。A. pulled拉；B. spotted发现；C. raised举起；D. caught抓住。由后文的“find a way to save the dog”可知，狗是被发现，所以人们想办法救这只狗，故选B。
19．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，边境两边的人们都在努力寻找拯救这只狗的方法。A. declined下降；B. hesitated犹豫；C. pretended假装；D. struggled努力。由后文的“After trying numerous resources”可知，人们是努力寻找拯救这只狗的方法，故选D。
20．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在尝试了许多资源后，似乎没有人能帮助，但坚定的救援人员拒绝放弃。A. survive幸存；B. explain解释；C. help帮助；D. march行进。由后文的“but determined ___6___ refused to give up”可知，人们尝试了许多资源后，似乎没有人能帮助，但是他们也拒绝放弃，故选C。
21．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在尝试了许多资源后，似乎没有人能帮助，但坚定的救援人员拒绝放弃。A. doctors医生；B. rescuers救援者；C. nurses护士；D. skaters溜冰者。由上文的“save the dog”可知，此处是说救援狗的人拒绝放弃，故选B。
22．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须为它而战。A. fight战斗；B. send发送；C. apologize道歉；D. compete竞争。由上文的“refused to give up”可知，救援人员拒绝放弃，因此此处是说“我们必须为它而战”，空格处是“战斗”，故选A。
23．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种我从未感受过的挫败感，因为这就是生活。A. regret后悔；B. doubt怀疑；C. frustration挫折；D. relief减轻。由上文的“it seemed no one could ___5_”可知，没有办法救那条狗，所以对救援人员来说这是有挫败感的事情，故选C。
24．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种我从未感受过的挫败感，因为这就是生活。A. mistake错误；B. excuse借口；C. joke玩笑；D. life生活。由后文的“it was out there in front of us”可知，句子是说这就是我们面前所存在的，这就是生活，故选D。
25．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都能看到。A. lead带领；B. see看见；C. touch触摸；D. feed喂养。由前面的“it was out there in front of us”可知，因为就在我们面前，所以我们都能看到，故选B。
26．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那时，裘德·米德(Jude Mead)和他的儿子，在温莎拥有一家海洋建筑公司，负责拯救生命的行动。A. got rid of去除；B. heard of听说；C. took charge of负责；D. lost control of失去控制。由后文的“the lifesaving operation”可知，他是负责拯救生命的行动，故选C。
27．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两人乘坐汽艇出发，成功地驾驶汽艇穿越冰面，救出了这只狗。A. Setting off出发；B. Turning around转身；C. Looking back回顾；D. Dropping out退学。由后文的“sail their airboat across the ice and save the dog”可知，这两个人是乘坐汽艇出发，故选A。
28．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在低温下呆了这么长时间后，这只狗很虚弱。A. unique独特的；B. poor虚弱的；C. ideal理想的；D. dirty脏的。由上文的“having spent such a long period in low temperatures”及常识可知，在低温下呆了这么长时间后，狗的身体很虚弱，故选B。
29．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他被送往医院。A. home家；B. church教堂；C. school学校；D. hospital医院。由上文的“the dog was in very ___13___ condition”可知，狗很虚弱，因此被送到医院，故选D。
30．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过成功的治疗和康复后，这只幸运的狗狗被重新命名为“奇迹”，并被收养。A. adjustment调整；B. development发展；C. treatment治疗；D. movement运动。由后文的“and recovery”可知，是经过治疗后才康复，故选C。
31．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过成功的治疗和康复后，这只幸运的狗狗被重新命名为“奇迹”，并被收养。A. lucky幸运的；B. sleepy困倦的；C. careful仔细的；D. intelligent聪明的。由上文的“After successful ___15___ and recovery”可知，狗康复了，它是幸运的，故选A。
32．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过成功的治疗和康复后，这只幸运的狗狗被重新命名为“奇迹”，并等待被人收养。A. purchase购买；B. display展示；C. competition竞赛；D. adoption收养。由后文的“who want to adopt Miracle”可知，这只狗是等待被收养，故选D。
33．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当那个把他从冰天雪地里救出来的人走上前来收养他时，收容所的工作人员一致认为，没有什么比让他们重聚更合适的了。A. agreed同意；B. complained抱怨；C. whispered低语；D. reported报道。由上文的“When the man who'd saved him from the ice stepped forward to adopt him”可知，救了狗的人来收养狗，收容所的工作人员一致认为，没有什么比让他们重聚更合适的了，因此空格处是“同意”，故选A。
34．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当那个把他从冰天雪地里救出来的人走上前来收养他时，收容所的工作人员一致认为，没有什么比让他们重聚更合适的了。A. reviewing回顾；B. reuniting重逢；C. refreshing使恢复精力；D. representing代表。由上文的“the man who'd saved him from the ice stepped forward to adopt him”可知，救了狗的人来收养狗，这是这只狗和这个人的重逢，故选B。
35．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，这只小狗被送到了救了它一命的英雄手中。A. explorer探险者；B. buyer买家；C. official官方；D. hero英雄。由后文的“who saved his life”可知，救了这只狗的人是英雄，故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nature has inspired many of the most fascination designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic (模仿) the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
ArtScience Museum was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry (生物仿生). To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
The Algae (藻类) House, Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and proved shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
36．What is the author’s purpose in writing the message?
A．To introduce three biomimicry architects.
B．To show how nature fits into architecture.
C．To tell us how to use less energy and do less damage to the environment.
D．To show some buildings of the future.
37．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．ArtScience Museum looks like a flower.
B．The waterfall in the center of the space is formed naturally.
C．While in the building, visitors always find themselves in urban areas.
D．ArtScience Museum was designed to collect rainwater.
38．What can we learn about Harare’s Eastgate Centre?
A．It was built according to the forms and processes of nature.
B．It is shaped like a termite nest.
C．Its design relics on traditional air conditioning and beating systems.
D．Without those holes, the building wouldn’t work.
39．Which of the following statement is NOT true about the Algae House?
A．The algae need to feed/
B．The algae can be used to produce fuel/
C．It’s the only algae-powered building in the world.
D．Panels containing algae cover the surface of the apartment.
40．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Nature in architecture
B．The development of architecture
C．Charm of biomimicry
D．In harmony with the building
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．A 39．C 40．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建筑师根据自然的形状和工作方式设计建筑。
36．【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nature has inspired many of the most fascination designs around us, including those in architecture. (大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计)”和“Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic (模仿) the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (今天，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形式之美的方法，模仿自然的工作方式，甚至使自然有机体成为建筑的一部分)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示自然是如何融入建筑的。故选B项。
37．【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. (它的形状像一朵莲花，似乎漂浮在滨水区和它周围的水面上)”可知，艺术科学博物馆看起来像一朵花。故选A项。
38．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry (生物仿生). To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. (哈拉雷的伊斯特盖特中心是生物仿生学的一个极好的例子。使用生物仿生学是根据自然的形式和过程创造结构)”可知，哈拉雷的东门中心是根据自然的形式和过程建造的。故选A项。
39．【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. (世界上首个以藻类为动力的建筑位于德国汉堡)”可知，这是世界上首个以藻类为动力的建筑，并不是唯一一个以藻类为动力的建筑。故选C项。
40．【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic (模仿) the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (今天，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形式之美的方法，模仿自然的工作方式，甚至使自然有机体成为建筑的一部分)”以及下文介绍了三个融入了自然的建筑，可知，本文主要介绍了建筑师根据自然的形状和工作方式设计建筑，因此本文的最佳标题选项A“在建筑中的自然”符合题意。故选A项。
B
Recently my friend invited me to her residential hall, which is an African-American themed hall. They have lots of meetings and outings there. So I thought it would be fun. On this particular day they were having a pancake breakfast, just a time to mix. I was excited to be there, too.
I walked in at a time when the mini-party was at its peak. I found my friend; excitedly, we hugged and she led me to a seat in the back. We sat there for some time. I sensed some sort of discrimination. I wondered, were we just isolating ourselves or were we facing discrimination?
My friend’s breakfast came in first, and it was a plate full of colors. My mouth watered. I have always liked rainbow dishes: they make me hungry. She let me pick pancakes and fruit; we ate and only then began to talk.
The black American contemporary music was extremely loud. Some boys and girls were beating the tables and some guys on the stage were dancing in what looked like a kind of competition.
We talked about various subjects: hair, boys, shoes and books. And then we got to it. “What do African Americans think of Africans?”
We argued. I told her I thought African Americans were haughty. Why did they sideline us? When we met in a narrow passage and our eyes met, they quickly looked aside before we greeted. Why? Weren’t we all black? I mean, wasn’t this exactly the reason why there was an African-American themed house to begin with?
Did they look down upon us because they grew up in America and we in Sub-Saharan Africa? Oh yes, I felt this was it! They believed that we were HIV-positive and that the giraffes were right behind our huts.
My friend uttered, “No!” And then she continued：
“I also thought so at one point but after living with these guys, I got to a different conclusion altogether. These guys are not from Africa. They were not born there and may have never been there. We can’t expect them to naturally like us or bond. We are different. Skin color is the skin color.”
41．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that the author ________.
A．is an African American B．is an American African
C．was late for the party D．was crazy about parties
42．What does the author think of the breakfast?
A．Delicious. B．Just so-so.
C．A bit salty. D．A little sweet.
43．The underlined word “haughty’’ in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to“________”.
A．kind-hearted B．modest
C．fashionable D．proud
44．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．They had a good time at the party.
B．They turned down the music for me.
C．Some of them broke the tables.
D．They had a competition at the party.
45．Which statement is NOT true according to this text?
A．The author was brought up in Sub-Saharan Africa.
B．The friend had the same idea as the author before.
C．The African Americans are born in America.
D．The African Americans have nothing in common with Africans.
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．D 44．A 45．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述最近朋友邀请作者参加了当地的非洲裔美国人的一次黑人主题活动，了解到当地黑人已经完全融入了当地社会，只是肤色不同而已。
41．【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“I walked in at a time when the mini-party was at its peak.(我走进来的时候，迷你派对正值高潮)”可知，作者到的时候已经是聚会的高潮了。由此推知，作者迟到了。故选C。
42．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“My mouth watered.(我流口水了)”可推知，早餐是可口的。A. Delicious.美味的，可口的；B. Just so-so. 一般般；C. A bit salty. 有点咸；D. A little sweet.有点甜。故选A。
43．【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线所在的句子“We argued. I told her I thought African Americans were haughty. Why did they sideline us? When we met in a narrow passage and our eyes met, they quickly looked aside before we greeted. Why? Weren’t we all black?(我们吵了起来，我告诉她，我认为非裔美国人很haughty。为什么把我们排挤在一边？当我们在一条狭窄的通道里相遇时，我们的目光相遇，他们在我们打招呼之前迅速地向一边看了看，为什么？我们不都是黑人吗？)”可知，在作者看来，非洲裔美国人排斥他人，与他们相遇时，目转向他处这都是高傲的表现。由此可知，划线词意为“傲慢的”。A. kind-hearted 热心的；B. modest 谦虚的；C. fashionable 时尚的；D. proud 骄傲的。故选D。
44．【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The black American contemporary music was extremely loud. Some boys and girls were beating the tables and some guys on the stage were dancing in what looked like a kind of competition.(美国黑人的当代音乐非常响亮，一些男孩和女孩在桌子上敲打，一些男孩在舞台上跳舞，看起来像一场比赛)”可推知，他们在舞台上玩的很愉快。故选A。
45．【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Did they look down upon us because they grew up in America and we in Sub-Saharan Africa?(他们看不起我们是因为他们在美国长大，而我们在撒哈拉以南的非洲长大)”可知，非裔美国人是在美国长大的，作者是在撒哈拉以南的非洲长大的，所以A和C正确；根据最后一段第一句“I also thought so at one point but after living with these guys, I got to a different conclusion altogether.(有一次我也这么认为，但在和这些人一起生活后，我得出了完全不同的结论)”可知，这位朋友和作者以前有同样的想法。所以B正确。根据第六段“We argued. I told her I thought African Americans were haughty. Why did they sideline us? When we met in a narrow passage and our eyes met, they quickly looked aside before we greeted. Why? Weren’t we all black?(我们吵了起来，我告诉她，我认为非裔美国人很傲慢。为什么把我们排挤在一边？当我们在一条狭窄的通道里相遇时，我们的目光相遇，他们在我们打招呼之前迅速地向一边看了看，为什么？我们不都是黑人吗？)”可知，他们都是黑人，所以D不正确。故选D。
C
Some of Earth’s plants have fallen in love with metal. With roots that act practically like magnets (磁铁), these organisms—about 700 are known—flourish in metal-rich soils that make hundreds of thousands of other plant species flee or die.
Slicing open one of these trees or running the leaves of its bush cousin through a peanut press produces a blue-green “juice”. This “juice” is netually one-quarter nickel (镍), far more concentrated than the one feeding the world’s nickel smelters (熔炉).
The plants not only collect the soil’s minerals into their bodies but seem to store them to “ridiculous” levels, said Alan Baker, a visiting botany professor at the University of Melbourne who has researched the relationship between plants and their soils since the 1970s. This vegetation could be the world’s most efficient, solar-powered mineral smelters. What if, as a partial replacement to traditional, energy-intensive and environmentally costly mining and smelting, the world harvested nickel plants?
Dr. Baker and an international team of colleagues have set their sights on convincing the world the idea is more than just a fun thought experiment. On a plot of land rented from a rural village on the Malaysian side of the island of Borneo, the group has proved it at small scale. Every six to 12 months, a farmer shaves off one foot of growth from these nickel-hyper-accumulating plants and either burns or squeezes the metal out. After a short purification (提纯), farmers could hold in their hands roughly 500 pounds of nickel citrate (硝酸镍), potentially worth thousands of dollars on international markets.
Now, as the team scales up to the world’s largest trial at nearly 50 acres, their target audience is industry. In a decade, the researchers hope that a greater consumer demand for base metals and rate minerals could be filled by the same kind of farming that produces the world’s coconuts and coffee.
46．What does the underlined word “flourish” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．hide themselves
B．attract the attention of others
C．die out
D．grow well
47．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．Nickel runs along those plants’ leaves.
B．The blue-green “juice” contains a high concentration of nickel.
C．To produce nickel, those trees should be put into smelters.
D．Without peanut press, the blue-green “juice” can’t be produced.
48．What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Dr. Baker and his group have already started testing this plant in large quantities.
B．This vegetation contains a high content of nickel.
C．Farmers will cut down the plants and burn the metal out every six to 12 months.
D．Dr. Baker and his group have made a fortune from the vegetation.
49．What is the passage mainly about?
A．An introduction of metal-purification technology.
B．The use of nickel-hyper-accumulating plants.
C．The discovery of nickel-hyper-accumulating plants.
D．The farming for metals.
50．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of farming the vegetation?
A．Short-sighted. B．Wait-and-see.
C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical.
【答案】46．D 47．B 48．B 49．D 50．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了金属农业种植。
46．【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“With roots that act practically like magnets (磁铁), these organisms—about 700 are known—flourish in metal-rich soils that make hundreds of thousands of other plant species flee or die. (这些微生物(已知约有700种)的根实际上就像磁铁一样，在富含金属的土壤中flourish，导致成千上万的其他植物物种逃离或死亡)”由描述其根“就像磁铁一样”，可知这些微生物会吸收土壤中的金属并且蓬勃生长，因此划线词flourish意为“蓬勃生长”。故选D项。
47．【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“This “juice” is netually one-quarter nickel (镍), far more concentrated than the one feeding the world’s nickel smelters (熔炉). (这种“果汁”实际上是四分之一的镍，其浓度远高于供给全球镍冶炼厂的那种。)”可知，这种蓝绿色的“果汁”含有高浓度的镍。故选B项。
48．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“This vegetation could be the world’s most efficient, solar-powered mineral smelters. (这种植被可能是世界上效率最高的太阳能冶炼厂)”和第四段中“Every six to 12 months, a farmer shaves off one foot of growth from these nickel-hyper-accumulating plants and either burns or squeezes the metal out. After a short purification (提纯), farmers could hold in their hands roughly 500 pounds of nickel citrate (硝酸镍), potentially worth thousands of dollars on international markets. (每隔6到12个月，农民就会从这些镍超积累的植物上剪下一英尺的根，然后要么烧，要么榨汁把金属挤出。经过短暂的提纯，农民们手中就可以拿到大约500磅的硝酸镍，在国际市场上可能价值数千美元)”可知，这种植物含镍量很高。故选B项。
49．【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“With roots that act practically like magnets (磁铁), these organisms—about 700 are known—flourish in metal-rich soils (这些微生物(已知约有700种)的根实际上就像磁铁一样，在富含金属的土壤中蓬勃生长)”和第二段中“This “juice” is netually one-quarter nickel (镍), far more concentrated than the one feeding the world’s nickel smelters (熔炉). (这种“果汁”实际上是四分之一的镍，其浓度远高于供给全球镍冶炼厂的那种)”以及第四段中“Every six to 12 months, a farmer shaves off one foot of growth from these nickel-hyper-accumulating plants and either burns or squeezes the metal out. After a short purification (提纯), farmers could hold in their hands roughly 500 pounds of nickel citrate (硝酸镍), potentially worth thousands of dollars on international markets. (每隔6到12个月，农民就会从这些镍超积累的植物上剪下一英尺的根，然后要么烧，要么榨汁把金属挤出。经过短暂的提纯，农民们手中就可以拿到大约500磅的硝酸镍，在国际市场上可能价值数千美元)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了金属农业种植。故选D项。
50．【解析】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In a decade, the researchers hope that a greater consumer demand for base metals and rate minerals could be filled by the same kind of farming that produces the world’s coconuts and coffee. (研究人员希望，在未来十年里，消费者对基本金属和矿物的需求可以由生产世界椰子和咖啡的农业来满足)”可知，作者对种植植物的前景持乐观的态度。故选C项。
D
Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会) for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
51．The passage mainly discusses ________.
A．a new way of highway speed control
B．a new pattern for painting highways
C．a new way of training drivers
D．a new type of optical illusion
52．On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
A．they should avoid speed-related hazards
B．they are driving in the wrong lane
C．they should slow down their speed
D．they are coming near to the speed limit
53．The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.
A．can keep drivers awake
B．can cut road accidents in half
C．will look more attractive
D．will have a longer effect on drivers
54．The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B．change the road signs across the country
C．replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D．repeat the Japanese road patterns
55．What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A．They are suitable only on broad roads.
B．They are falling out of use in the United States.
C．They are ignored in a short period of time.
D．They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
【答案】51．A 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的可以控制汽车速度的马路画线方式。
51.【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段的“It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. （通过使用简单的视错觉，它使一些道路上的车祸减少了近75%。但是涂在马路上的被称为人字形的条纹，会让驾驶员认为他们比实际上开得更快，因此驾驶员会减速）”结合文章第一段主要说明错觉可以减少高速公路发生交通事故。接着以日本为例，指出高速公路上画线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而控制车速。接着文章指出美国要效仿日本，决定在公路上画人字形标志，让司机觉得车速过快，从而控制车速。最后文章指出科学家说人字形画线会减少交通事故的发生。所以可以推断出，文章主要介绍了一种新的可以控制公路速度的方式，故选A。
52.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”(但是涂在马路上的被称为人字形的条纹，会让驾驶员认为他们比实际上开得更快，因此驾驶员会减速)可知，公路上画的人字形，会使司机觉得他们开得很快，因此会降下速度，故选C。
53.【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.”(科学家们说，人字形不仅给驾驶员造成他们比实际驾驶速度更快的印象，而且使车道看起来更窄。其结果是，人字形在降低高速公路速度和交通事故数量的影响是持续长久的)可知，人字形比直线和水平的线对控住车速有更长久的影响，故选D。
54.【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success.Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. ”(现在在华盛顿特区的美国汽车协会为了交通安全正在效仿日本成功的例子。从明年开始，该基金会将在全国范围内选定的道路上绘制人字形和其他条纹图案，以测试这些图案在多大程度上减少了高速公路撞车事故)可知，在华盛顿特区的美国汽车协会打算在某些地区尝试日本的方法，故选A。
55.【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”(一些研究表明，画在马路上的直线，水平线最初可以将驾驶员的平均速度减半。然而，交通速度往往在几个月内恢复到全速，因为司机已经习惯了这些涂漆的条纹)可推断出，这些横线和水平线在几个月内就会被司机习惯，司机们便会忽视这些线，又会把速度恢复到全速，与选项C“They are ignored in a short period of time.”(它们会在很短的时间内就会被忽视)符合，故选C。
第II卷
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
A few years ago I decided to grow vegetables in the backyard. I' m an organic（有机的）gardener. I helped run the three-generation-old family vegetable and fruit farm, so I believed I knew much about gardening.
Believing a small amount of manure（粪肥）would work, I made a few phone calls and the truck was soon on its way. It was a big truck. "Excuse me but there must be a mistake. I only ordered a small amount of it, but…?" Obviously, I didn't have a choice as he put it down in my backyard.
As the manure was being put down I could hardly breathe. When the truck left, I realized that the smell was really terrible and it was drifting（飘散）. Soon, everyone nearby knew there was a terrible accident somewhere.
After days of hard work, I had tried everything I could find to deal with it, but there was still a pile（堆）left. In the middle of the night I woke with a brilliant idea. I would put a sign on the pile and see what would happen.
I laughed so hard because within hours of putting up the sign, people came from blocks away. They brought baskets, bags, and some really funny containers. I don't know how they heard so fast that I was trying to get rid of the manure. I was so absorbed（全神贯注的）in watching that I forgot to take pictures of them all. The whole pile was gone in less than an hour.
56．What did the author seem to be good at according to Paragraph 1?（no more than 8 words）
________________
57．Seeing the manure, why did the author say there must be mistake?（no more than20 words）
________________
58．What made the author hard to breathe?（no more than 10 words）
________________
59．What did the author probably write on the sign?（no more than 12 words）
________________
60．How do you like the author and why?（no more than 20 words）
________________
【答案】56．Gardening and growing vegetables and fruits
57．The author only ordered a small amount of manure but the truck brought a lot of it
58．The smell of the manure
59．Manure for free
60．The author is smart because he/she found a good way to deal with the manure without effort
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者几年前决定在后院种植蔬菜，但肥料商搞错了在作者的后院放下一大堆粪肥，难以处理，后来作者想出一个办法很快解决了这个问题。
56．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“I helped run the three-generation-old family vegetable and fruit farm, so I believed I knew much about gardening.(我帮助运营了家传三代的蔬果农场，所以我相信自己对园艺了解很多)”可知，作者应该比较擅长种植蔬果和园艺方面的事情。故回答Gardening and growing vegetables and fruits。
57．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中作者说的话“Excuse me but there must be a mistake. I only ordered a small amount of it, but…?(不好意思，不过肯定哪儿搞错了。我只订了一点点粪肥，怎么……？)”可知，作者之所以觉得搞错了，就是因为只订购了一点粪肥，而卡车却拉来很多。故回答The author only ordered a small amount of manure but the truck brought a lot of it。
58．【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“As the manure was being put down I could hardly breathe.(粪肥被倒下时我简直无法呼吸)”可知，正是粪肥的味道让作者无法呼吸。故回答The smell of the manure。
59．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They brought baskets, bags, and some really funny containers.(他们带来了篮子、袋子和一些很搞笑的容器)”和“The whole pile was gone in less than an hour.(所有的粪堆不到一个小时都没了)”可知，作者在写下告示后附近的乡亲们马上过来把粪肥带走了，应该是作者在告示上表达了粪肥免费处理之类的意思，才有这么大的吸引力。故回答Manure for free。
60．【解析】考查推理判断题。本题是开放性题目，言之有理即可。总览全文，作者被迫处理因错误而摆在自家后院的大堆粪肥，还好灵光一现想出了一个“妙招”，不费自己的力气就解决了问题，可见是个聪明的人。故回答The author is smart because he/she found a good way to deal with the manure without effort。
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是晨光中学的李津。你校于12月24日举办了一个主题为“Read the word and the world”英语读书节活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。请你给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况，内容包括：
（1）英语读书节活动内容（每人须读完一篇学校指定的英文故事，读后活动包括故事复述、读后感交流等）；
（2）对活动感受；
（3）对明年读书节的期待。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
读书节Reading Day
Dear Chris,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
【答案】Dear Chris,
On December 24th, our school organized an English Reading Day with the theme of "Read the Word and the world". Knowing that you are very interested in this activity, I am writing to tell you about the details of it.
In this activity, each student must read one English story assigned by the school, after which they should retell the story and exchange their impressions of the story after reading. The activity enriched our school life and made us realize the importance of reading books. Not only did it increase our knowledge, but it also made students fall in love with reading.
I am looking forward to next year's Reading Day.
Yours,
Li Jin