易错点04 介词 -备战2022年高考英语考试易错题

专题04       介词

易错题【01】介词短语搭配的误用

易错题【02】单个介词的误用

易错题【03】介词的缺失、多余

            01   介词短语搭配的误用

 (2021全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.

【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是介词搭配用法掌握不牢。

【问诊】various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”.

【答案】of

【叮嘱】句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。平时要多积累有介词构成的短语。

1. (2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour

away 　　　　　car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 

【解析】by car是固定表达，意为＂坐汽车＂。by后接交通工具时，表示交通工具的名词前不加冠词。

【答案】by

2. (2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; 　　　　　 the same time, they warm up again for the night. 

【解析】at the same time意为＂同时＂，为固定短语。由空前的分号可知，此处的at的首字母应用小写。

【答案】at

            02   单个介词的误用

（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living ___________ fishing industry.

A. at       B. in        C. on      D. by

【错因分析】本题学生易误选C项或D项。很多学生不仔细看题，就认为本题是考查make a living on (doing) sth. 以……为生/谋生，直接选C项；也有学生会误以为本题考查by(以……方式，借助……手段)而误选D。

【试题解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in，不用by，因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。

【正确答案】B

1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform  (perform) consistently over a large area.

【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。

【答案】of/for

2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空） —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

  —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.

A. for       B. on        C. in         D. at

【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

【答案】A

            03   介词的缺失、多余

（2017·新课标全国卷II短文改错）They have also bought for some gardening tools.

【错因分析】考生容易一看句子就觉得buy for是为某人买东西，是正确的，从而遗漏本处或将for错改成其他介词。

【试题解析】考查搭配。bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。

【正确答案】将for去掉

1.If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.

【答案】在wait后加for　

【试题解析】wait for是固定搭配，意为“等待”，由于其后有宾语your teacher，故需要加介词for。

2.We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.

【答案】 去掉 in 

【试题解析】时间名词前有next, last等修饰时，一般不再用介词，last week前面不须加介词。

题组一语法填空高考真题在线

1.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It was built originally to protect the city      2      the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.

【答案】 in

【解析】考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填 in。

2.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types      6      trips are now being classified as ecotourism.

【答案】of

【解析】考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。

3.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased      5      2.1 in women and men.

【答案】by

【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。

4.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）In 1844 they bought it    2     ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...

【答案】for

【解析】考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。

5.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help.

【答案】去掉out

【解析】考查固定搭配。turn to sb. For help表示想某人寻求帮助，故turn后面去掉out。

6.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.

【答案】a lot后加上from

【解析】考查介词。根据句子中的benefit及doing可知，考查benefit… from…的固定用法，表示 "从……中收获到……" 。故在a lot后加上from。

7.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.

【答案】将off改为on

【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。

8.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.

【答案】去掉on

【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。

9.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.

【答案】on

【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。

10.（2020·天津卷单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.

A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of

C．at the mercy of D．on the side of

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。

11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete   45   people’s spare time and money with other amusements.

【答案】for

【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。

12.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture.56．

【答案】in

【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。

13.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform  (perform) consistently over a large area.

【答案】of/for

【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。

14.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.

【答案】of

【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。

15.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.

【答案】to

【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。

16.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.

【答案】to get

【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。

17.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.

【答案】 for

【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。

18.（2017·新课标全国卷I语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） _____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

【答案】as

【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身份＂，故填as。

19.（2017·新课标全国卷II语法填空）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 　　　  　　 work.

【答案】from

【解析】考查介词。to and from来回，故填from。

20.（2017·新课标全国卷III语法填空）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree                engineering or architecture.

【答案】in

【解析】考查介词。in表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位＂get a degree in…＂。

21. (2016·新课标全国卷I语法填空)Most of us are more focused 　　　　   　our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 

【答案】on

【解析】focus on ＂关注，聚焦＂，为固定短语，因此填on。

22. (2016·新课标全国卷III语法填空)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 　　 　　　their hands. 

【答案】with　

【解析】句意：例如，在印度，大部分人传统上用手吃饭。介词with表示＂用……＂之意，表达方式。

23. (2016·四川语法填空)The mother continued to care for the young panda 　　　  　　more than two years. 

【答案】for　

【解析】＂for+一段时间＂，表示持续一段时间。

题组二介词语篇语法填空

I was in a restaurant.I noticed an elderly couple 1.________a balloon tied to their table.When I asked them what the occasion was，they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary.I was glad and sad 2．_____________　them at the same time.I was glad because they still cherished each other.I was sad because they were 3.________their own，without any children or friends.After I went back to my table I thought I should pay their bill.I tried to do it，and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4.________me.Finally，I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so.The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5.________them.All of us were nearly 6.________tears：the couple，the manager，the waitresses and me.

Two months later I got a call 7.________a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported.I wasn't expecting anything 8.________return，but I became famous 9.________that act of kindness.What would and could happen 10.________us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family，friends，neighbors and strangers?

答案：1.with　2.for　3.on　4.to　5.for　6.in　7.from 8．in　9.for　10.to