题号押题08 押全国卷61—70题 语法填空-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题（全国甲卷）

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题号押题08 解析版
押全国卷61—70题 语法填空



高考英语语法填空十二个技巧
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关。即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/ none other/ another。指示代词（it和this）it 用作引导词等。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er 和-est，或在词前加more/less 和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
技巧五：数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two 的特殊变化形式once/twice。
技巧六：词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
技巧七：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词结合看才能命中答案。
技巧八：从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要考查学生对各种从句掌握程度。
技巧九：短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
技巧十：介词、短语介词结构。
常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during 等，通常考查固定搭配。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to 等。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while 等，常用的关联短语both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also 等。
技巧十二：冠词无提示词名词之前。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断。

高考英语语法填空真题分类指导
第1组：括号内给动词填写谓语类
1. (2021•新高考全国卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2. (2020•新课标I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct) .”
3. (2020•全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
4. (2020•全国III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.
【答案与解析】
1. was。本题的关键词是副词then，暗示用一般过去时。故答案是was。
2. means; is constructed。第一空表示客观事实，应用一般现在时；第二空表示“月球是如何构造的”，既是被动行为，又是描述现状，应用一般现在时。故答案是means; is constructed。
3. be chosen。首先情态动词后接动词原形，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是be chosen。
4. pointed。本句是“A and B”型并列句，因此谓语动词应保持一致。故答案是pointed。
第2组：括号内给动词填写非谓语类
5. (2021•全国甲卷) After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
6. (2021•全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7. (2021•新高考全国卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us (astonish).
8. (2020•全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案与解析】
5. spending。介词after之后接动词应用动名词。故答案是spending。
6. to have。aim to do是固定搭配，表示“目的是做……”。故答案是to have。
7. astonished。这里是leave sb astonished表示“使某人吃惊”，形容词作宾语补足语。故答案是astonished。
8. surrounding。本句含有两个see sb doing…句型，现在分词短语作宾语补足语，强调一个正在进行的动作。故答案是surrounding。
第3组：括号内给动词转化为名词、形容词类
9. (2020·全国II卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
10.(2018·全国III卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel _________ (challenge).
【答案与解析】
9. celebration。结合语境冠词之后应用名词。故答案是celebration。
10. challenged。feel challenged是系表结构，表示“感到受到挑战”。故答案是challenged。
第4组：括号内给名词填写复数类
11. (2021•全国乙卷) ________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
12. (2021•新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
【答案与解析】
11. Activities。前一分句谓语含有range from … to…，谓语动词原形说明主语是复数形式。故答案是Activities。
12. humans。本句中humans作we的同位语，复数概念。故答案是humans。
第5组：括号内给名词填写所有格类
13. (2021•浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
【答案与解析】
13. person’s。故答案是person’s。结合语境应用名词所有格作定语，表示“个人的体重”。
第6组：括号内给名词转化为形容词、动词类
14. (2021•全国乙卷)Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
15. (2018•全国I卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案与解析】
14. financial。结合语境应用形容词作定语。故答案是financial。
15. strengthen。结合语境应用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案是strengthen。
第7组：括号内给形容词填写副词类
16.(2021•全国新高考卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17.(2021•浙江1月卷) But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _________ (sharp).
【答案与解析】
16. undoubtedly。结合语境应用副词修饰动词，undoubtedly表示“毫无疑问地”。故答案是undoubtedly。
17. sharply。结合语境修饰动词应用副词，sharply表示“显著地，明显地”。故答案是sharply。
第8组：括号内给形容词填写比较等级类
18. (2021•新高考山东卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
19. (2021•浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much __________(small) than it is today.
20. (2020•全国卷III)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案与解析】
18. hotter。这是“the +比较级…, the +比较级…”句型。故答案是hotter。
19. smaller。本句含有关键词than，因此空白处应用比较级。故答案是smaller。
20. finest。结合语境应用形容词最高级作定语。故答案是finest。
第9组：括号内给形容词转换为名词、反义词类
21. (2020•全国IIII卷) Filled with _______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
22. (2020•新高考全国卷)Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
21. curiosity。结合语境介词之后应用名词。故答案是curiosity。
22. accuracy。结合语境应用名词作主语。故答案是accuracy。
第10组：括号内给代词填写宾格、形容词物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词类
23. (2020•新高考全国卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ________ (they) living at a different time in history or living through a rainforest.
24. (2021•全国乙卷) Ecotourism has ________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
25. (2021•新高考全国卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I).
26. (2021•浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【答案与解析】
23. their。结合语境这是“形容词性物主代词+动名词”构成的动名词复合结构作imagine的宾语。故答案是their。
24. its。结合语境应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故答案是its。
25. mine。结合语境应用名词性物主代词，作介词in的宾语，相当于my memory。故答案是mine。
26. herself。结合语境应用反身代词作介词宾语。故答案是herself。
第11组：无提示词填写冠词类
27. (2021•全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all _______ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
28. (2021•全国乙卷) Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案与解析】
27. the。all the way是固定搭配，表示“一路上，一直”。故答案是the。
28. the。结合语境应用定冠词the表示特指。故答案是the。
第12组：无提示词填写介词类
29. (2021•全国甲卷) It was built originally to protect the city ________ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
30. (2020•全国III卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案与解析】
29. in。故答案是in。本句考查介词基本用法，in the Tang Dynasty表示“在唐朝事情”。
30. on。on earth是固定词组，表示“在地球上”。故答案是on。
第13组：无提示词填写代词类
31. (2018•全国I卷)If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
32. (2018•浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
【答案与解析】
31. it/running。结合语境这里表示“何不尝试一下短跑呢？” 。故答案是it/running。
32. it。本句中it用作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故答案是it。
第14组：无提示词填写并列连词类
33. (2021•全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________did the job.
34. (2020•新高考全国卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big _______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案与解析】
33. but。我的自行车破旧摇摇晃晃，但是还是能骑行。前后句逻辑上是转折关系。故答案是but。
34. or。结合语境这里表示两种情况，逻辑上是选择关系，故答案是or。
第15组：无提示词填写定语从句连接词类
35. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
36. (2019·全国II卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案与解析】
35. whose。结合语境这里应用关系代词whose作定语。故答案是whose。
36. which。结合语境应用which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当从句的宾语。故答案是which。
第16组：无提示词填写名词性从句连接词类
37. (2021•新高考全国卷) ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
38. (2019•全国I卷) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案与解析】
37. What。本句中what引导主语从句并充当从句的主语。故答案是What。
38. that。There is evidence that….表示“有……的证据”，that引导同位语从句，对evidence起解释说明作用。故答案是that。
第17组：无提示词填写状语从句连接词类
39. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) _______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
40. (2020·浙江卷) Farming produced more food per person _________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
【答案与解析】
39. When。结合语境应用when引导时间状语从句。故答案是When。
40. than。结合语境应用than引导比较状语从句。故答案是than。
第18组：无提示词综合训练类
41. (2020·全国I卷)The plum trees are ________first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
42. (2020·全国II卷)Bamboo plants are associated ________health, abundance and a happy home.
43. (2019·全国III卷) They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案与解析】
41. the。序数词前常用定冠词the。故答案是the。
42. with。be associated with是固定词组，表示“与……有关”。故答案是with。
43. who。结合语境应用关系代词who引导定语从句，并充当从句的主语。故答案是who。
第19组：有提示词综合训练类
44. (2021•天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ____________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
45. (2021•新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
46. (2021•全国乙卷) Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of ____________ (visit) the place.
47. (2021•全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _________ (day) routines.
【答案与解析】
44. are being displayed。Currently表示“当前，目前”，结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是are being displayed。
45. aching。本句中aching作定语，表示“疼痛的”。故答案是aching。
46. visiting。介词之后接动名词作宾语。故答案是visiting。
47. daily。结合语境应用形容词作短语。daily routines表示“每日常规”。故答案是daily。
第20组：综合训练类
48. (2021•新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
49. (2020•全国II卷) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.
50.(2019•全国I卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.
【答案与解析】
48. and。结合语境这里是“A and B”型并列句，逻辑上是并列关系。故答案是and。
49. to care。They are easy to care for表示“他们容易看护”，动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to care。
50. belief。不定冠词a暗示后边应用名词。故答案是belief。
Passage 1（2021•全国甲卷）
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
记叙文
人与自然
作者游览西安长城的经历和感受
7分钟
_____/10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61 (build) originally to protect the city 62 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 63 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 64 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 66 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 68 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 69 (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70 (day) routines.
【参考答案】
41. was built 42. in/during 43. to walk 44. spending 45. better 46. hired 47. but 48. the 49. watchtowers 50. daily
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
61.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
62.考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
63．考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
64.考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
65.考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
66.考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
67.考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
68.考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
69.考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
70.考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
Passage 2（2020•全国III卷）
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
记叙文
人与自然
世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲
7分钟
_____/10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist, 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61. 句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62. 句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
53. 句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64. 句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65. 句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66. 句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67. 句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68. 句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69. 句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70. 句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Passage 3（2019•全国III卷）
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
记叙文
人与自我
去夏威夷度假途经历及受到的礼遇
7分钟
_____/10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【参考答案】
61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were invited 70. listening
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。故填so。
62.考查固定搭配。本句运用了take...to do sth.，意为“花费……做某事”，故此处应填to get。
63.考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群……”。故填of。
64.考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。

Passage 1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s record-setting Shenzhou 13 missionis in the books.
After orbiting Earth for six months, 61 three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed 62 the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s 63 (long) manned spaceflight.
Shortly after landing, all three astronauts radioed that they were feeling fine after their long space mission, bringing 64 (applaud) from the China National Space Administration’s mission control center in Beijing.
Shenzhou 13 set other national marks as well. For example, the mission’s Wang Yaping became the first woman to live aboard Tianhe and the first Chinese woman ever 65 (conduct) a spacewalk.
Wang was joined on Shenzhou 13 by Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang, 66 commanded the mission. They were very busy during their six months in orbit. The astronauts — or taikonauts, as Chinese spaceflyers are called — performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different scientific experiments and delivered two live 67 (education) lectures from Tianhe.
The Shenzhou 13 crew also spent some time 68 (get) Tianhe ready for its next round of visitors, which will arrive 69 (relative) soon; the Shenzhou 14 mission 70 (expect) to launch in early June.
【参考答案】
61. the 62. from 63. longest 64. applause 65. to conduct 66. who 67. educational 68. getting 69. relatively 70. is expected
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4月16日上午，神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场预定区域成功着陆。神舟十三号三名航天员安全顺利出舱的基本情况。
61.考查冠词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。结合语境，此处特指神州十三号上的三名宇航员，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
62.考查介词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。结合句意表达“与……分离”用depart from。故填from。
63.考查形容词最高级。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。结合常识可知，神州十三号是目前中国飞行最长的载人航天器，故此处应用long的最高级修饰名词词组manned spaceflight。故填longest。
64.考查名词。句意：着陆后不久，三名宇航员都通过无线电表示他们在长期的太空任务后感觉良好，这引起了北京中国国家航天局任务控制中心的掌声。空处应用名词作bring的宾语，applause“掌声”是不可数名词。故填applause。
65.考查不定式。句意：例如，这次任务的王亚平成为第一位生活在天河号上的女性，也是第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。
66.考查定语从句。句意：神舟13号的任务中，叶光福和翟志刚也加入了王亚平的行列，翟志刚指挥这次任务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Zhai Zhigang，指人，从句缺少主语，应用who引导。故填who。
67.考查形容词。句意：他们在轨道上的六个月非常忙碌。这些宇航员——中国宇航员被称为“太空人”——进行了两次太空行走，进行了20多次不同的科学实验，并在天河进行了两次现场教育讲座。修饰名词lectures应用形容词，educational lectures“教育讲座”。故填educational。
68.考查动名词。句意：神舟13号的工作人员还花了一些时间让天河做好迎接下一轮访客的准备，这轮访客将很快抵达；根据spend+时间+(in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，空处应用get的动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。
69.考查副词。句意：神舟13号的工作人员还花了一些时间让天河做好迎接下一轮访客的准备，这轮访客将很快抵达；修饰副词soon应用副词relatively。故填relatively。
70.考查时态和语态。句意：神舟14号任务预计将于6月初发射。主语the Shenzhou 14 mission和expect之间是被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。
Passage 2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gao Tingyu thrilled the home crowd by becoming the first Chinese man to claim an Olympic gold medal in speed skating, 61 (win) the 500 meters on Saturday.
“Gao has conducted an 62 (exciting) fast and excellent performance at the Speed Skating Oval. And the March of the Volunteers will be played again inside the stadium.” said the message from the General Administration of Sport shortly 63 the competition. This was also the fourth gold medal for Team China at the Beijing Olympic Winter Games 64 the first Olympic gold in the country’s speed skating history.
In 2018, the highly potential Gao already 65 (get) a bronze medal at Pyeongchang Olympics in South Korea, as he said after the win in Pyeongchang:“ I feel like that my capacity has reached the point 66 I can compete for Olympic medals.
As long as I’m in a stable state of mind, I think for me the opponent is only 67 (I). ”
Ever since he 68 (admit) into China’s speed skating team in 2015, Gao has won championships in 69 (competition) that were held home and abroad. He has suffered from severe back injuries and had an eight-month break before competing in the China Speed Skating Championship in 2021.
Gao was also the 70 (nation) flag bearer al the opening ceremony of Beijing 2022 on February 4.
【参考答案】
61. winning 62. excitingly 63. after 64. and 65. got 66. where 67. myself 68. was admitted 69. competitions 70. national
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥运冠军高亭宇的夺冠之路。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意：周六，高亭宇在速滑500米决赛中夺冠，成为第一个获得奥运金牌的中国男子，令国内观众激动不已。表示主句带来的自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词担当结果状语。故填winning。
62.考查副词。句意：“高亭宇在椭圆形速滑赛场上的表现令人兴奋，非常出色。义勇军进行曲将在体育场内再次演奏。”中国国家体育总局在赛后发布的信息中说。fast和 excellent 是形容词，需要副词来修饰。故填excitingly。
63.考查介词。句意：“高亭宇在椭圆形速滑赛场上的表现令人兴奋，非常出色。义勇军进行曲将在体育场内再次演奏。中国国家体育总局在赛后发布的信息中说。根据意思应该是在比赛后宣布这一消息，短语shortly after在……之后不久。故填after。
64.考查连词。句意：这也是中国队在北京冬奥会上获得的第四枚金牌，也是中国速度滑冰历史上的第一枚奥运金牌。the fourth gold medal 和 the first Olympic gold 为并列关系，因此用并列连词and。故填and。
65.考查动词的时态。句意：2018年，潜力巨大的高亭宇已经在韩国平昌冬奥会上获得了一枚铜牌，他在赢得平昌冬奥会后说：“我觉得我的能力已经达到了可以争夺奥运会奖牌的地步。分析句子成分可知，此处get做的是谓语动词，又根据时间状语In 2018可知，此处要用一般过去时，注意不要受 already的影响而使用了完成时。故填got。
66.考查定语从句。句意：2018年，潜力巨大的高亭宇已经在韩国平昌冬奥会上获得了一枚铜牌，他在赢得平昌冬奥会后说：“我觉得我的能力已经达到了可以争夺奥运会奖牌的地步。句中先行词为point，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
67.考查反身代词。句意：只要心态稳定，我认为对我来说对手就是我自己。根据句意可知，对手是主语本人，需用反身代词。故填myself。
68.考查动词的时态语态。句意：自2015年进入中国速滑队以来，高亭宇在国内外的比赛中都获得了冠军。分析句子成分可知，空处为谓语动词，又根据 since 表示“自从”时，从句一般用一般过去式。主语为he，和动词之间存在被动关系，所以此处为被动语态。故填was admitted。
69.考查名词的数。句意：自2015年进入中国速滑队以来，高亭宇在国内外的比赛中都获得了冠军。根据其后的定语从句 that are held home and abroad，可知此处 competition 是复数形式，不止一场比赛。故填competitions。
70.考查形容词。句意：2月4日，高亭宇还担任了北京2022年冬奥会开幕式的旗手。flag是名词，前面需要形容词来修饰，因此用 national，national flag表示“国旗”。故填national。
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China-Laos Railway, 61 connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, 62 (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021. The 1035-kilometer-long railway is a landmark project and an important part of the Pan-Asian railway network. It will not only benefit the two peoples, but also 63 (significant) improve regional connectivity.
64 (locate) southwest of China, Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia and mainly depends on road, water and air transport for the movement of people and goods. It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country 65 a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning 66 (they) dream into reality.
The new railway will improve Laos’ transportation and promote its tourism as well as agricultural processing industries. It will also enable Lao businesses to 67 (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.
China and Laos have stood together through thick and thin and engaged in mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of equality. Besides, China and Laos were the first 68 (sign) an agreement based on the Belt and Road Initiative. The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the 69 (develop) of the China-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with 70 shared future.
【参考答案】
61. which 62. started 63. significantly 66. located 65. to 66. their 67. better68. to sign 69. development 70. a
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营，及这条铁路对两国的重要意义。
61.考查定语从句关系词。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Laos Railway，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
62.考查时态。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处缺乏谓语，时间状语为on Dec 3. 2021，谓语动词start用一般过去时。故填started。
63.考查副词。句意：它不仅将造福于两国人民，还将显著改善地区连通性。用副词significantly (显著地)作状语修饰动词improve。故填significantly。
64.考查过去分词。句意：老挝位于中国西南部，是东南亚唯一的内陆国家，主要依靠公路、水路和航空运输运送人员和货物。本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词locate用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Laos与动词locate是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Located。
65.考查固定搭配。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。固定搭配change from...to... (从……变成……)。故填to。
66.考查代词。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词dream。故填their。
67.考查副词比较级。句意：它还将使老挝企业更好地融入区域和全球供应链。此处讲新铁路带来的好处，这个好处是相对于以前情况而讲的，用副词比较级better作状语，修饰动词短语fit into。故填better。
68.考查动词不定式。句意：此外，中国和老挝是第一个基于“一带一路”倡议签署协议的国家。the +序数词+（名词）+动词不定式，sign用动词不定式做后置定语。故填to sign。
69.考查名词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。用抽象名词development做动词speed的宾语。故填development。
70.考查冠词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。此处泛指“一个共同的未来”，shared以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
Passage 1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The impact of pandemic (流行病) on life expectancy (预期寿命), one of the most widely used standards to assess population health, was assessed by a study____41____(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology. The study___42___(conduct) by the Oxford University's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic (人口的) Science.
The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 10 ended up____43____a lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015. ____44____biggest drops in life expectancy, however, were witnessed in men instead of women in most countries. American men were the worst off, with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth. Men in Lithuania faced the second____45____(large) impact on their life expectancy, with a cut of 1.7 years.
Reductions in life expectancy overall____46____(occur) in 27 of the 29 countries analyzed by the study. Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to____47____(successful) avoid drops in life expectancy, the study said. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as____48____(factor) that could help explain this.
All the countries____49____life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5、6 years_____50_____(achieve). Just a one year increase in life expectancy. The pandemic wiped out of this progress, the study said.
【41~50题答案】
41. published 42. was conducted 43. with 44. the 45. largest 46. occurred 47. successfully 48. factors 49. where 50. to achieve
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现——大流行使人的预期寿命下降。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《流行病学信息杂志》发表的一项研究评估了大流行对预期寿命的影响，预期寿命是评估人口健康最广泛使用的标准之一。句中谓语是“was assessed”，空格处是非谓语动词，study和publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词published，表被动。故填published。
【42题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：这项研究是由牛津大学Leverhulme人口科学中心进行的。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由上文“was assessed by a study___1___(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology”可知，这个研究是过去进行的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语“The study”是单数，因此空格处是was conducted。故填was conducted。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究显示，与2015年相比，来自15个国家的女性和10个国家的男性在出生时的预期寿命较低。“end up with”是固定短语，意为“以……而结束/告终”，因此空格处是介词with。故填with。
【44题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：然而，在大多数国家，预期寿命下降最大的是男性，而不是女性。“biggest”是最高级，前面用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
【45题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：立陶宛男性的预期寿命受到的影响排名第二，减少了1.7年。“the second”后跟最高级，large的最高级是largest，“the second largest”意为“第二大”，故填largest。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：该研究分析的29个国家中，有27个国家的预期寿命整体下降。通篇时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式occurred。故填occurred。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究称，只有丹麦和挪威的男性和女性以及芬兰的女性成功避免了预期寿命下降。空格处用副词修饰动词avoid，successful的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。
【48题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这些国家的非药物干预措施和强大的卫生保健系统被列为有助于解释这一现象的因素。“Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems”是复数，因此空格处用复数factors。故填factors。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：所有预期寿命下降的国家平均都花了5, 6年的时间。分析句子结构可知，“life expectancy dropped”是定语从句，先行词countries是地方，在从句中作地点状语，因此空格处用关系副词where。故填where。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：所有预期寿命下降的国家平均都花了5, 6年的时间。“it takes/took sb. some time to do”是固定短语，意为“某人花了一些时间做这件事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，空格处所在句子是此固定短语的变形，因此空格处用不定式to achieve，故填to achieve。
Passage 2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not ____41____(previous) selected, and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work, and the committee ____42____ (adjust) requirements for volunteers in ____43____(consider) of virus control and prevention.
"____44____ you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is an excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism," the committee says in the letter.
Many applicants said they ____45____ (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online. A netizen (网民) ____46____ (name) Joleen-kun said their application had been seen, which was something to be proud ____47____ as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details, thus ____48____ (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, most of ____49____ are from colleges and _____50_____(university) in Beijing and Hebei Province.
【41~50题答案】
41. previously 42. has adjusted##adjusted 43. consideration 44. Although##Though##While 45. were moved 46. named 47. of 48. sending 49. whom 0. universities
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者送去的温暖。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：近日，北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者发送感谢信，感谢他们在冬奥会筹备工作中给予的支持。动词selected前用副词修饰。故填previously。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：信中说，新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战，委员会考虑到疫情防控，调整了对志愿者的要求。根据句中的has brought并分析句意，空格处动词可为现在完成时；或陈述过去事实，也可为一般过去时。故填has adjusted/adjusted。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：：信中说，新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战，委员会考虑到疫情防控，调整了对志愿者的要求。空格前是介词in，后为介词of，固定短语in consideration of考虑到。故填consideration。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然你没有被选为北京2022年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者，但每一位申请者都是奥林匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填Although/Though/While。
【45题详解】
考查时态与语态。句意：许多申请者表示，他们被这封感人的信所感动，并在网上发布了回复。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语they与动词move之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were moved。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一位名叫Joleen-kun的网友表示，他们的申请被看到了，这是值得骄傲的事情，因为他们得到了委员会的尊重。名词A netizen与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：一位名叫Joleen-kun的网友表示，他们的申请被看到了，这是值得骄傲的事情，因为他们得到了委员会的尊重。固定短语be proud of以……为骄傲，不定式中逻辑宾语为something。故填of。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：另一位网友“西瓜里”评论说，他们的热情受到了尊重，委员会注重细节的热情也得到了尊重，所以才发了这样一封邮件。句中逻辑主语the committee与短语send之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填sending。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍，超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会志愿者，近2万人最终脱颖而出，其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。句中先行词为volunteers，在非限定性定语从句中介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
【50题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍，超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会志愿者，近2万人最终脱颖而出，其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。连词and前是名词colleges且名词university用复数形式。故填universities。
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you ever wonder who invented Legos? When you learn about the Lego story, you will be ____61____ (surprise)! Like many great inventions, the story is not just one of great idea ___62___ one of hard work and determination. The story starts off in Denmark. Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter, _____63_____ was having a hard time with business. To make matters ____64____ (bad), his wife, the mother of four kids, died. To make his kids happy and look for new ways to make money, he started to make wooden toys. His sons helped him with his business. He had expected that he toys _____65_____ (sell) well but the result was disappointing.
Ole thought his toys needed a new name, so he chose the name “Lego”, ____66____ (mean) “play well” in Danish. Soon his toys became popular. Unluckily, his workshop caught a big fire one day and burned ____67____the ground. Everything was destroyed! Ole almost gave up. But he knew his kids were relying on ____68____ (they) father for food. So he started to make plastic toys. He then got the idea ____69____ (develop) a “system” of toys that would build kids’ imagination and _____70_____ (create). He made it. He decided to stop making wooden toys and centre only on the connected plastic toys. Now kids around the world enjoy Lego toys.
【61~70题答案】
61. surprised 62. but 63. who 64. worse 65. would sell 66. meaning 67. to 68. their 69. to develop 70. creativity
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了乐高积木发明的故事。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当你了解到乐高的故事时，你会大吃一惊的！be动词后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示“惊讶的”，应用形容词surprised。故填surprised。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是一个艰苦的工作和决心的故事。not…but…为固定短语，表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Ole Kirk Christiansen是一个木匠，生意上遇到了困难。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a carpenter(木匠)，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【64题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子，四个孩子的母亲去世了。to make matters worse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”。故填worse。
65题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他原以为他的玩具会卖得很好，但结果令人失望。结合句意“他原以为他的玩具会卖得很好”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应该使用过去将来时。故填would sell。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Ole认为他的玩具需要一个新名字，所以他选择了“乐高”这个名字，在丹麦语中意思是“玩得好”。分析句子结构可知，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词“Lego”，mean(意味着)和“Lego”为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填meaning。
【67题详解】
考查介词。句意：不幸的是，有一天，他的作坊失火，被夷为平地。burn to the ground为固定短语，意为“被烧成平地”。故填to。
【68题详解】
考查代词。句意：但他知道他的孩子们要靠父亲养活。修饰名词father需用形容词性物主代词their，做定语，表示“他们的”。故填their。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，他萌生了开发一套玩具“系统”的想法，可以培养孩子们的想象力和创造力。空处修饰名词the idea(主意)作后置定语，表示“将要发生”，且idea和develop(开发)二者之间是主动关系，所以此处需用动词不定式作定语。故填to develop。
【70题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后，他萌生了开发一套玩具“系统”的想法，可以培养孩子们的想象力和创造力。空处和名词imagination(想象力)并列，需填名词creativity(创造力)作宾语，此处表抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填creativity。
Passage 4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient times, builders and ____41____ (architect) in Beijing relied on five colors to add life to their creations: red, yellow, blue, white, and gray. These colors were connected ____42____ five different elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The Chinese sage (圣贤) Laozi said that five colors make people blind, so in architectural art, it’s suggested that no more than three main colors should ____43____ (use) for a design; otherwise, it would look too busy. Then red, yellow and blue gradually ____44____ (become) the main colors in the Forbidden City.
Red, the color of fire and blood, has long been important in Chinese symbolism. Traditionally, red represents ____45____ (warm) and the highest amount of energy. The association of red with good fortune is the reason ____46____ the color red is important in weddings, New Years, and other important celebrations.
Yellow was another obvious color in old Beijing, ____47____ (stand) for the power of emperor. The Yellow Emperor is the mythological (神话的) forefather of the Chinese nation while archaeologists find the ____48____ (early) examples of Chinese civilization to the Yellow River Basin.
The color blue symbolized heaven and heavenly blessings with the best example of the rooftops of structures at the Temple of Heaven. ____49____ was discovered that blue had a unique sensitivity to light, and was the perfect color used _____50_____ (create) copies of drawings.
【41~50题答案】
41. architects 42. with##to 43. be used 44. became45. warmth 46. why 47. standing 48. earliest 49. It 50. to create
【解题导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述古代北京城的建筑师们使用的颜色。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：在古代，北京城的建筑师们依靠五种颜色为他们的创作增添生气：红色、黄色、蓝色、白色和灰色。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查可数名词复数形式，表示泛指，和前面的名词builders并列作主语。故填architects。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这些颜色和5种不同的元素有联系：金，木，水，火，土。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语be connected with/to，表示“和……有联系”的意思。故填with/to。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：中国圣贤老子说，五种颜色会使人盲目，所以在建筑艺术中，建议一个设计使用不超过三种主要颜色。根据句子结构可知，这里考查主语从句的谓语动词，根据句子意思可知，动词use和主语no more than three main colors是被动的关系，所以要用被动结构，空格前面有情态动词should，所以后面跟动词原形。故填be used。
【44题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：后来，红色，黄色和蓝色渐渐变成了紫禁城里的主色。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查一般过去时的谓语动词。故填became。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：从传统上看，红色代表温暖和最大能量。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词作宾语，表示“温暖”的意思，是不可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填warmth。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：红色和好运之间的联系就是为什么红色在婚礼，新年和其他重要的庆祝活动上重要的原因。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是reason，在从句中做原因状语。故填why。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：黄色是老北京另一种很明显的颜色，它代表了皇权。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查现在分词做后置定语，修饰名词color，是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填standing。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：黄帝是中华民族的神话祖先，而考古学家在黄河流域发现了最早的中国文明。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有the修饰，所以考查形容词最高级，修饰后面的名词examples。故填earliest。
【49题详解】
考查代词。句意：人们发现，蓝色对光线有着独特的敏感性，而且是制作素描复制品的最佳颜色。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查代词it做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的句子that blue had a unique sensitivity to light, and was the perfect color used ____10____ (create) copies of drawings。It is/was discovered…是固定句型，意思是“人们发现……”。故填It。
【50题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：见第9题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be used to do，表示“被用来做某事”的意思，这句话中used ____10____ (create) copies of drawings是做名词color的后置定语。故填to create。
Passage 5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Selah Schneiter, ten, has become one of the youngest people ___36___(climb) El Captain, in Yosemite National Park, in California. Selah climbed to ___37___ 3,000-foot peak with her father, Mike, and family friend Mark.
Getting to the top of El Capitan is no easy task. It is ___38___(tall), as is reported, than the tallest building in the world — Dubai’s Burj Khalifa. Though some have died ___39___ an attempt to conquer (征服) Dubai’s Burj Khalifa, many more ___40___(include) Selah’s parents have finished the journey. About 15 years ago, Selah’s father and mother ___41___(meet) on a climbing trip up the mountain.
Selah thought reaching the top was a great challenge, but the hardest part was getting down. “You’re carrying everything, and you’re ___42___(deep) tired,” she said. Since the park does not keep those kinds of ___43___(record), it’s unclear if Selah is the youngest climber who makes the trip. Selah lives in a family ___44___ everyone loves to climb. They even have a climbing wall in the garage. “I’m so ____45____(pride) of her, just to see how big her heart was and how strong she was,” her dad told reporters.
36. to climb 37. the 38. taller 39. in 40. including 41. met 42. deeply 43. records 44. where 45. Proud
【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了10岁的Selah Schneiter已经成为在加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园攀登El Capitan峰的最年轻的人之一。文章还介绍了登这座山的一些困难之处，以及她和她的家人对此的看法。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：10岁的Selah Schneiter已经成为在加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园攀登El Capitan峰的最年轻的人之一。people由最高级the younges修饰，其后要用不定式作定语。故填to climb。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：Selah和她的父亲Mike以及家人的朋友Mark一起爬上了这座3000英尺高的山峰。peak此处特指上文的“El Capitan”，故用定冠词the。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：据报道，它比世界上最高的建筑——迪拜的哈利法塔还要高。根据本句中的“than the tallest building in the world”可知，这里应用形容词tall的比较级。故填taller。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：虽然有些人在征服迪拜哈利法塔的尝试中死去，但包括Selah的父母在内的更多的人已经完成了旅程。结合句意表示“做某事的尝试”短语为in an attempt to do sth.。故填in。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：虽然有些人在征服迪拜哈利法塔的尝试中死去，但包括Selah的父母在内的更多的人已经完成了旅程。结合句意表示“包括……在内”应用介词including。故填including。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：大约15年前，Selah的父母在一次登山旅行中相遇。根据空前的“About 15 years ago”可知，空处动词表示的动作发生在过去，描述过去的事实，故用一般过去时。故填met。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：“你拿着所有的东西，而且你非常累，”她说。修饰形容词tired应用副词deeply，表示“非常”；deep作副词，意为“在深处”不符合语境。故填deeply。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：由于该公园没有保存这类记录，所以尚不清楚Selah是否是这次旅行中最年轻的登山者。record为可数名词，由those kinds of修饰，应用其复数。故填records。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Selah生活在一个人人都喜欢登山的家庭。此处为定语从句修饰先行词a family，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她的父亲在接受记者采访时说：“看到她有那么宽广的心胸和那么坚强，我为她感到骄傲。”结合句意表示“为……感到骄傲”可知短语为be proud of。故填proud。
Passage 6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite the passage of time, honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China and embodied in countless tales throughout China’s history.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, a general ____36____ (name) Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has ____37____ that whenever Ji made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it. Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good reputation, and there was a saying ____38____ (wide) spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold.
In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious ____39____ (metal), such as gold, silver and copper, so ____40____ (carry)a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. So a story ____41____ (tell) about the start of the Chinese banking industry.
A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty, Li Daquan, was visited by a friend who came up ____42____ a novel idea. His friend proposed that a draft be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was no mere promise, ____43____ a declaration that the same amount of currency had been deposited and could be withdrawn elsewhere.
Li readily agreed and ____44____ (keep) his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers. He later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang, ____45____ later had 35 branches across the country.
36. accompanying 37. to eat 38. was introduced 39. effective 40. Although##Though## While 41. Its 42. necessarily 43. the 44. aspects 45. without
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的中医的历史以及治疗特点。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从古至今，中医一直出现在许多中国故事中，以其神奇的草药力量伴随着中国人口的增长。分析句子结构可知accompany在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语traditional Chinese medicine构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填accompanying。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国古代神话故事中，据说神农吃了数百种植物，并利用自己的身体来研究其药用特性。此处为短语be said to do sth.表示“据说……”。故填to eat。
【38题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：早在西医传入中国之前的几千年，中医就在预防和治疗疾病方面发挥了独特的作用。从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为，谓语用单数。故填was introduced。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它已被证明对改善人类健康是有效的。作表语，表示“有效的”应用形容词effective。故填effective。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然西医专注于某一特定部位或其功能，但中医将人体系统视为一个整体。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although、though或while，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意：其治疗方法是通过控制患者内脏器官的功能来保持阴阳平衡。修饰后文名词treatment应用形容词性物主代词its，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Its。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，发现病人不一定要生病才能去看中医也就不足为奇了。修饰动词need应用副词necessarily，作状语。故填necessarily。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：除了拯救生命和滋养身体，传统中医的魔力存在于中国人生活的各个方面。此处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：除了拯救生命和滋养身体，传统中医的魔力存在于中国人生活的各个方面。aspect为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数形式。故填aspects。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：它存在于我们赖以生存的食物中，存在于我们每天穿的衣服中。结合句意表示“赖以生存”短语为cannot live without。故填without。
Passage 7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite the passage of time, honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China and embodied in countless tales throughout China’s history.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, a general ____36____ (name) Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has ____37____ that whenever Ji made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it. Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good reputation, and there was a saying ____38____ (wide) spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold.
In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious ____39____ (metal), such as gold, silver and copper, so ____40____ (carry)a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. So a story ____41____ (tell) about the start of the Chinese banking industry.
A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty, Li Daquan, was visited by a friend who came up ____42____ a novel idea. His friend proposed that a draft be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was no mere promise, ____43____ a declaration that the same amount of currency had been deposited and could be withdrawn elsewhere.
Li readily agreed and ____44____ (keep) his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers. He later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang, ____45____ later had 35 branches across the country.
36. named 37. it 38. widely 39. metals 40. carrying 41. tells 42. with 43. but 44. kept 45. which
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述西汉初期的故事来说明“银行”的起源。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：西汉初期，有个将军叫季布，他为人勇敢诚实。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词was known for being，name应用非谓语动词形式，且与主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，此处是“被叫做，被命名”。故填named。
【37题详解】
考查形式宾语。句意：传说，每当他许下诺言，就会不遗余力地去实现它。分析句子可知，空处为句子的宾语，结合句意可知，宾语为that引导的从句所呈现的这件事，所以此处应用it作形式宾语，代替后移由that引导的从句，即真正宾语，故填it。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种诚实的美德为他赢得了良好的声誉，有一句谚语广为流传:“与其得到几百盎司的黄金，不如得到季布的承诺。”由句意可知，此处修饰动词spread，应用副词修饰动词，故填widely。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。根据句意提到“金、银、铜等金属”可知，名词metal应用复数，故填metals。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。
【41题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：有一个故事讲述了中国银行业的起源。空处为句子的谓语动词，由句意和语境可知，讲述故事的起源，时态用一般现在时，主语a story为单数，谓语动词用三单形式，故填tells。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：清朝时期，一位成功的商人李大泉的朋友来拜访他，他的朋友想出了一个新奇的主意。根据句意可知，此处表示“想出”，短语come up with表示“想出”，是固定搭配，故填with。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：这张汇票不仅仅是一种承诺，而是一种声明：同样数额的货币已经存入，并且可以在其他地方提取。根据句意和no可知，空处应填入连词but，“否定+but”表示“不是……而是……”，故填but。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：李欣然同意并遵守了他的诺言。分析句子，根据句意和agreed and可知，此处为并列谓语，动词用过去式，与agreed并列。故填kept。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：后来，他建立了中国第一家汇票银行——日升昌银行(Rishengchang)，该银行后来在全国拥有35家分行。分析句子结合句意可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词“日升昌银行(Rishengchang)”，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词代替先行词引导从句，作从句的主语。故填which。
Passage 8
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A note written to a radio station is getting worldwide attention.
The radio station has ____56____ annual tradition where listeners send in “wish letters,” and the hosts select a ____57____ (hand) of wishes. They’ve been fulfilling Christmas dreams for more than 20 years, ____58____ they had never received a letter quite like this.
Last week, the hosts of the radio station invited listener David Schmitz ____59____ their annual Christmas show, but the station didn’t tell Schmitz ____60____ had sent in the wish for his family.
They read this letter to him on the air: “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I ____61____ (lose) my battle to cancer.”
The letter was dated August 3, 2011. Brenda Schmitz passed away less than two months ____62____ she wrote it. But Brenda Schmitz had given this note to a friend, with instructions on when to mail ____63____.
Brenda Schmitz had three ____64____ (wish) for the family she left behind, their four sons, as well as the new family David Schmitz was starting.
A number of local businesses volunteered to make her wish _____65_____ (come) true.
56. an 57. handful 58. but 59. to 60. who 61. will have lost 62. after 63. it 64. wishes 65. come
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主人公David Schmitz在圣诞期间，才通过电台收听了已逝妻子在弥留之际写给他的许愿信，并祝愿他和四个孩子及他的新家庭生活幸福。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这家广播电台每年都有听众发送“许愿信”的传统。空格后的形容词annual意为“每年的，一年一次的”，其首字母发元音音素；tradition意为“传统”，是可数名词单数形式， 因此，不定冠词 an 修饰annual tradition。故填an。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：主持人会挑选一些愿望。a handful of是固定搭配，意为“一些，一把，少量”，故填handful。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：20多年来，他们一直都在贯彻实现这些圣诞梦想，但从来没有收到过这样的信。通过下文可知，电台收到的这封信很特殊，在此之前，电台从来没有收到过类似的祝愿信，因此本句中是一个转折关系，连词but表转折。故填but。
【59题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：上周，电台的主持人邀请了听众David Schmitz参加他们一年一度的圣诞节目。固定搭配invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人去某地”，句中缺少介词to，故填to。
【60题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但电台没有告诉David Schmitz，是谁给他的家人寄来的愿望。分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句的谓语动词是had sent，从句空格处应该填从句的主语。连接代词who在宾语从句中，可以充当主语，指代人，在本句中，who指代寄贺卡的人。故填who。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意：当你收到这封信时，我已经输给了癌症。将来完成时是用于表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。分析语境可知，Brenda Schmitz在弥留之际，写下了这封信，她当时知道自己时日不多，将来会败给癌症，因此用将来完成时will have lost表示将来她会完成“败给癌症”这个动作。故填will have lost。
【62题详解】
考查after引导的时间状语从句。句意：Brenda Schmitz在写了这封信后，不到两个月就去世了。分析句子可知，这是一个时间状语从句，after引导的时间状语从句意为“……以后”，故填after。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：但Brenda Schmitz把这封信给了一个朋友，并说明了何时邮寄它。分析句意可知，空格部分与前面提到的this note是同一个事物，故用代词it指代，故填。
【64题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：Brenda Schmitz给他抛下的家庭、他们的四个儿子，以及David Schmitz即将开始的新家庭三个愿望。wish作为名词时，意为“愿望”，是可数名词。本句中空格前面有数词three，因此应该用wish的复数形式wishes。故填wishes。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：当地一些企业志愿使她的愿望实现。动词短语make something done表被动，意为“使…..被做”，come的过去分词是come，make her wish come ture意为“使她的愿望被实现”，过去分词短语come ture做make的宾语补足语，故填come。
Passage 9
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools ____36____(lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE). At least one football class ____37____(require) each week in these schools so that they can encourage their students to____38____(active) participate in football training and matches.
China aims to have 50,000 schools specializing in youth football by the end of 2025, said Wang Dengfeng, an official with the MOE, ____39____ (add) that to realize this goal, the ministry will take various measures that include building school football fields, training football coaches and providing extra funding and policy support. ____40____those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in____41____effort to promote the sport among young people. And outstanding or____42____(gift) players will also have the chance to join inter-school teams for regional____43____ (compete) and even national summer camps.
In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers, 8,000 of____44____have obtained coaching certificates. Moreover, the country ____45____ (step) up its efforts in promoting football in schools since it set up a seven-department joint task force, including the education, sport and finance authorities as well as the Chinese Football Association.
36. to lead 37. is required 38. actively 39. adding 40. Besides 41. an 42. gifted 43. competitions 44. whom 45. has stepped##has been stepping
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出教育部已经在全国范围内命名24126所中小学为足球特色学校。我国发展青年足球事业的力度正在逐步加强。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据教育部统计，为了引导青年足球的发展，中国已经在全国范围内命名24126所中小学为足球特色学校。分析句子可知，句中的谓语是has named，且无连词故此处应填非谓语动词。根据句意，此处应填不定式做目的状语。故填to lead。
【37题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这些学校每周至少要求一节足球课，以鼓励他们的学生积极参加足球训练和比赛。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语one football class之间是被动关系，根据时间状语each week可知句子的时态为一般现在时，故设空处为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is required。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：这些学校每周至少要求一节足球课，以鼓励他们的学生积极参加足球训练和比赛。设空处修饰空后的动词participate，应用副词actively作状语。故填actively。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：教育部的官员王登峰说，到2050年，中国打算开办50000所青年足球特色学校，并补充说，为了实现这一目标，教育部将采取多种措施，其中包括建造校内足球场、足球训练教练以及提供额外的资金和政策扶持。句中said是谓语动词，且无连词所以此处需填非谓语动词。因为主语Wang Dengfeng与add是主动关系，故填现在分词表主动作状语。故填adding。
40题详解】
考查介词。句意：为了努力在年轻人中推广这一运动，除了校内的这些措施外，还要建立47个足球训练营。分析句意可知，前后两句是递进关系，此处使用介词besides，表示“除了……之外（还有）”，首字母大写。故填Besides。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：为了努力在年轻人中推广这一运动，除了校内的这些措施外，还要建立47个足球训练营。分析句子结构可知，固定短语in an effort to do表示“努力做某事”。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：优秀或有天赋的球员也有机会加入校际球队参加地区比赛，甚至全国夏令营。设空处在句中应用形容词gifted作定语修饰后面的名词players，故填gifted。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：优秀或有天赋的球员也将有机会参加校队进入地区比赛，甚至是国家夏令营。and是并列连词，并列的成分词性和词形需一致。故设空处应与复数名词camps的词形词性一致，故填复数名词competitions。故填competitions。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在过去的4年里，各地教育局已经培养了40000名足球老师，其中8000名老师已经获得教练资格。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句。此处需填定语从句关系词，代指先行词40,000 football teachers，指人，该空做介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：此外，自成立了包括教育、体育和财政部门以及中国足协在内的七个部门联合工作组以来，中国已逐步在学校推广足球。根据since可知，此处可表过去的动作或状态持续到现在，时态可用现在完成时；此处也可表示从过去一直到现在一直在做的事，故时态也可为现在完成进行时，因为主语是单数名词the country，所以用has。故填has stepped/has been stepping。
Passage 10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Winter Olympic Games are not just an opportunity for athletes to win medals and honour for their countries. Every four years, ____36____ Games also offer audiences a chance to get to know more about winter sports from around the world. The Winter Olympics may not have the large crowds and huge stars of ____37____(it) summer sibling (兄弟), but they share the same Olympic spirit.
One of the ____38____(popular) sports of the Winter Olympic Games is skiing. Skiers compete in the downhill and slalom (回转赛), and in the short and long cross-country ski races. Skiing was ____39____(original) a sport played only in cold northern countries, but now athletes from all over the world compete in this sport, even those from countries ____40____ any snow!
Skaters compete with each other in speed races or in figure-skating (花样滑冰) events. The figure-skaters are generally considered ____41____(be) the stars of the Winter Olympic Games. These ice princes and princesses are so graceful that it’s easy to forget that they are actually highly skilled ____42____(athlete).
The skeleton ____43____(name) after the shape of the metal sleds used in the 1890s, when the sport first started. It is a downhill sled race, usually on ice. This sport looks a little like the luge (无舵雪橇), ____44____ a person sits on the back of the sled with his or her feet forward, but the skeleton is a lot more exciting and dangerous than that. In the skeleton, a person lies on his or her stomach on the sled, with his or her head _____45_____(point) downhill!
36. the 37. its 38. most popular 39. originally 40. without 41. to be 42. athletes 43. is named 44. where 45. pointing
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍3个冬奥会的比赛项目。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：每四年，冬季奥运会就会让观众有机会认识世界各地的冬季运动。分析句子结构可知，Games是指冬奥会，所以前面要用定冠词修饰，表示特指。故填the。
【37题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：冬季奥运会可能没有它的夏季兄弟——夏季奥运会——那样拥挤的人群和大明星，但它们有着相同的奥林匹克精神。分析句子结构可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词短语summer sibling，意思是“它的”。故填its。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：冬奥会最受欢迎的运动之一就是滑冰。分析句子结构可知，前面有定冠词the，这里用形容词最高级，表示“最受欢迎的”意思。固定搭配one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的之一”的意思。故填most popular。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：滑雪最初是一项只在寒冷的北方国家进行的运动，但现在，来自世界各地的运动员都参加这项运动，甚至是一些运动员来自没有任何雪的国家。分析句子结构可知，这里需要副词作状语修饰系动词was，表示“最初地”的意思。故填originally。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：滑雪最初是一项只在寒冷的北方国家进行的运动，但现在，来自世界各地的运动员都参加这项运动，甚至是一些运动员来自没有任何雪的国家。分析句子结构可知，这里需要介词without，表示“没有”的意思。故填without。
【41题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：花样滑冰运动员通常被认为是冬季奥运会的明星。分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定搭配be consider to be…，表示“被认为是……”的意思。故填to be。
42题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这些冰王子和公主们是如此的优雅，以至于人们很容易忘记他们其实是技艺高超的运动员。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是they，指代上文的These ice princes and princesses，所以是指复数意义，名词athlete要用复数形式。故填athletes。
【43题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：钢架雪车（骨架雪车）的名字来源于19世纪90年代这项运动刚开始时使用的金属雪橇的形状。分析句子结构可知，这里考查句子的谓语动词，这句话是描述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语The skeleton和谓语动词name是被动的关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动结构，主语是单数形式，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填is named。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这项运动看起来有点像无舵雪橇，它是一个人坐在雪橇的后面，双脚向前的运动模式，但是钢架雪车比那更刺激和危险。分析句子结构可知，a person sits on the back of the sled with his or her feet forward是定语从句，先行词是the luge，在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在钢架雪车运动中，一个人趴在雪橇上，头朝下！分析句子结构可知，动作point是被修饰的词his or her head主动发出的动作，而且是和谓语lies同时发生的动作，所以用现在分词一般式，做with复合结构中的宾补成分。故填pointing。
Passage 11
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many music lovers have an opinion on what was the best year for music. Some people say it was 1824 ____41____ Beethoven’s Sym phony No. 9 was performed first. Other people say it was 1969 due ____42____ the hit songs by The Beatles and Elvis Presley. Last month, a survey ____43____ (conduct) by a Uk radio station and found the best year for music was 1991. This is because of the ____44____ (prefer) for bands like Red Hot Chili Peppers, Stone Roses and Nirvana. The reason for 1991 ____45____ (be) the survey’s best year for music could be the average age of the ____46____ (listen) of the station. The music lovers have great memories of 1991, many of ____47____ were teenagers at that time.
Psychologists believe people tend to stick to the songs they ____48____ (hear) when they were teenagers. They would become peaceful and ____49____ (energy) listening to these songs. These songs naturally become _____50_____ (root) in our important memories.
41. when 42. to 43. was conducted 44. preference 45. being 46. listeners 47. whom 48. heard 49. energetic 50. rooted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国一家广播电台进行的一项调查发现音乐最好的年份是1991年，并分析了原因。
41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有人说是1824年，那时贝多芬的第九交响曲第一次演奏。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词1824并在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
【42题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：还有人说那是1969年，因为披头士和猫王的歌曲很热。due to由于、因为，符合题意，故填to。
【43题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：上个月，英国一家广播电台进行了一项调查，发现音乐最好的年份是1991年。a survey与conduct之间是被动关系，再结合时间状语Last month可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was conducted。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是因为红辣椒、石玫瑰和涅槃等乐队更受欢迎。此处缺少名词作介词短语because of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填preference。
【45题详解】
考查动名词的复合结构。句意：1991年是调查中音乐表现最好的一年，原因可能是该电台听众的平均年龄。分析可知，此处为“名词+动名词”的复合结构作宾语，故填being。
【46题详解】
考查名词的数。句意同上，根据句意可知此处表示“听众”，且为复数概念，故填listeners。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些音乐爱好者对1991年有着美好的回忆，他们中的许多人当时都是青少年。关系词指代先行词music lovers并在非限定性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
【48题详解】
考查时态。句意：心理学家认为，人们倾向于坚持他们在青少年时期听过的歌曲。根据“when they were teenagers”可知用一般过去时，故填heard。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：听这些歌曲，他们会变得平静而充满活力。此处与前面的peaceful并列用形容词作表语，故填energetic。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些歌曲自然而然地扎根于我们的重要记忆中。此处缺少形容词作表语，形容词rooted，生根的，符合题意，故填rooted。
Passage 12
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How Much Is an Olympic Gold Medal Worth?
If the International Olympic Committee still gave solid gold medals to first place finishers, medals would be pretty ____41____ (value). But after the 1912 Games, they made the switch to silver medals coated in gold.
The gold medals for the Tokyo Olympics, ____42____ (create) by the Japanese designer Junichi Kawanishi, consist of about 6 grams of gold atop about 550 grams of pure silver. ____43____ gold and silver rates, like stock prices, fluctuate(波动) pretty ____44____ (frequent), the value of the medal isn’t exactly static(不变的). But in general, it’s hovering(徘徊) somewhere above $800. A silver medal, which ____45____ (make) up of 550 grams of pure silver, comes in at $462; and bronze medals, mostly copper and a little zinc, are worth just a few bucks.
But Olympic gold medals have value beyond the sum of their parts, and plenty of ____46____ (athlete) have hocked(典当) them for much more than $800 or so. Mark Wells, ____47____ member of the “Miracle on Ice” US hockey team of 1980, ____48____ (sell) his to a private collector, ____49____ auctioned (拍卖) it off for nearly $311,000 in 2010. Wells’s teammate, Mark Pavelich, made $262,900 off his own medal four years later.
Others end up in the auction circuit long after the original ____50____ (own) are gone. In 2013, for example, one of Jesse Owens’s gold medals from the 1936 Berlin Olympics sold for about $1.47 million.
【41~50题答案】
41. valuable 42. created 43. Because##As##Since 44. frequently 45. is made 46. athletes 47. a 48. sold 49. who 50. owners
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章以一枚奥运金牌值多少钱开始，列举了奥运奖牌的含金量，以及以前的几例奥运奖牌的拍卖的情况。。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果国际奥委会仍然给排名第一的选手颁发坚实的金牌，奖牌将是非常宝贵的。此句是主系表结构，此空中形容词做表语描述主语。故填valuable。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。东京奥运会的金牌由日本设计师Junichi Kawanishi创造，由大约550克纯银和6克黄金组成。分析句子结构，主语是The gold medals for the Tokyo Olympics，谓语是consist of。create 在此处做定语修饰主语，二者构成被动关系。故填created。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为黄金和白银的利率，就像股票价格一样，波动相当频繁，所以奖牌的价值并不是一成不变的。前后两个句子，缺连接词，根据句意，此处填表示因果关系的连词。故填Because/As/Since。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。结合语境，此句中副词修饰前面的动词fluctuate。故填frequently。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：一枚由550克纯银制成的银牌售价为462美元。分析整个句子，主语为A silver medal，谓语为comes，此空是定语从句，修饰主语，引导词指代先行词，做主语，根据句意“构成”为be made up of 。又因此句是讲客观事实，故用一般现在时，又因主语是第三人称单数。故填is made。
【46题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：但是奥运会金牌的价值远远超过了其各部分的总和，很多运动员都典当了他们的金牌超过800美元。此空前面的plenty of 修饰不可数名词和可数名词复数，athlete是可数名词，需要变成复数。故填athletes。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：Mark Wells，1980年“冰上奇迹”美国曲棍球队的成员，将他的作品卖给了一位私人收藏家，这个收藏家在2010年把它拍卖了将近$311,000。此空后面的member为可数名词单数，此空填a 修饰它，构成主语的同位语，含义为Mark Wells，一名…的成员。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查动词时态。句意同上。分析句子，主语是Mark Wells，此空是谓语动词，结合语境以及后面的“in 2010”可知时态为一般过去时，并且结合句意动词和主语构成主动关系。故填sold。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句引导词。句意同7题。分析句子可知，此句主语是Mark Wells，谓语是sold，此空为定语从句引导词，修饰前面的a private collector，引导词指人做主语，又是非限制性定语从句。故填who。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：在最初的所有者消失很久之后，其他人最终进入了拍卖圈。分析句子after连接连个句子此空为从句主语，owner名词做主语。另外结合句意，“最初的所有者”为泛指，owner为可数名词，需要变成复数。故填owners。
Passage 13
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of computer engineers, all of ____41____ were highly established in their careers, got together to visit their old university professor. Conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and life.
Offering his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and returned with ____42____large pot of coffee and a ____43____ (various) of cups, some ordinary-looking, some expensive, some fine. He told his students to help ____44____ (them) to hot coffee. When all the students had a cup of coffee in their hands, the professor said: “If you have noticed, all the nice-looking expensive cups ____45____ (take) up, leaving only the plain and cheap looking ones. ____46____ it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. ____47____ you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went for the best cups and ____48____ (bad) still, you were eyeing each other's cups.”
“Now if life is coffee, then the jobs, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools ____49____ (hold) and contain life, but the quality of life doesn't change. Sometimes, by ____50____ (concentrate) only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee in it. " So never let the cups drive you, enjoy the coffee instead.
41. whom 42. a 43. variety 44. themselves 45. were taken##have been taken 46. While##Although##Though 47. What 48. worse 49. to hold 50. concentrating
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。通过老教授请同学们喝咖啡的故事，说明人生道理：我们不能过度关注工作，钱财或职位，而要关注生活本身。
【41题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：一群计算机工程师聚在一起看望他们的大学教授，他们的职业生涯都很成功。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，从句缺少of的介词宾语，先行词是engineers。故填whom。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：教授给客人端上咖啡，走进厨房，拿着一大壶咖啡和各种各样的杯子回来，有些看起来普通，有些昂贵，有些精致。句中“large pot of coffee”一大壶咖啡，pot是可数名词单数，前面需加冠词，large首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：教授给客人端上咖啡，走进厨房，拿着一大壶咖啡和各种各样的杯子回来，有些看起来普通，有些昂贵，有些精致。固定短语a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
【44题详解】
考查代词句意：他告诉学生们自取热咖啡。根据句意，学生们自己给自己倒咖啡，“help oneself”指自用，自取所需。故填themselves。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：如果你们注意到了，所有好看的昂贵杯子都被拿走了，只剩下那些看起来朴素的，便宜的杯子。分析句子可知，“拿走杯子”可以指是过去发生的事。也可以指过去发生的动作，导致现在只剩下便宜的，不好看的杯子，故可用一般过去时或现在完成时；主语是复数“cups”与谓语take up为被动关系，故填were taken或have been taken。
【46题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然你只想要最好的东西是正常的，但这就是你问题和压力的来源。分析句子可知，本句是让步状语从句，空处应填“尽管，虽然”。故填Though，Although或While。
【47题详解】考查连接词。句意：你真正想要的是咖啡，而不是杯子，但你有意识地选择最好的杯子，更糟糕的是，你还盯着对方的杯子。本句为主语从句，句中缺少wanted的动词宾语，故填What。
【48题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：你真正想要的是咖啡，而不是杯子，但你有意识地选择最好的杯子，更糟糕的是，你盯着对方的杯子。根据句意可知，你们不应该选择最好的杯子，更糟糕的是，你盯着对方的杯子，因此填bad的比较级。故填worse。
【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们只是维持和容纳生活的工具，但生活质量不会改变。本句中hold与tools是主谓关系，因此用不定式作定语，“tools to hold and contain life”意为“维持和容纳生活的工具”。故填to hold。
【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，我们只专注于杯子，却无法享受其中的咖啡。句中concentrate是动词，做介词by的宾语，应填doing形式。故填concentrating。
Passage 14
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lichun, or the Start of Spring, is the first of the 24 solar terms of the Chinese traditional lunar calendar. This year, it 61 (fall) on Feb. 4th, the same day as the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. The opening ceremony began 62 the countdown of the 24 solar terms. The first program featured dancers holding green props (道具), 63 formed a picture of green grass. It 64 (vivid) presented not only the spring, but also vitality. The program was followed by spring-themed fireworks show, 65 (symbolize) the seeds of spring spreading all over the earth.
In 66 Chinese language, the character “Li” means “start”, while the season of spring 67 (comsiler) as the beginning of a year. How important is Lichun for the Chinese people? An old Chinese saying gives the answer: “Spring is the golden time of a year, so is morning of a day.”
Many of the 68 (celebration) have been maintained for Lichun, and taking a bile of the Spring is one of them. The spring pancake, with a thin wrap and various kinds of vegetables as stuffing (馅), is a 69 (represent) food of the spring. Along with a cup of “Chuncha” (the spring tea), people fully emerge 70 (they) into the pleasant smell of the season.
61. fell 62. with 63. which 64. vividly 65. symbolizing 66. the 67. is considered 68. celebrations 69. representative 70. themselves
文章讲述中国的二十四节气中的第一个节气“立春”。
61.【答案】fell
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据上下文语境和本句中的this year, Feb. 4th 可知，本句应该为一般过去时态。
62.【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：开幕式以24节气倒计时开始。begin with 意为“以…开始”。
63.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中需要关系代词作主语，指代green props。
64.【答案】vividly
【解析】考查副词。vivid为形容词，句中需要副词修饰动词presented。
65.【答案】symbolizing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中symbolize部分做定语,修饰spring-themed fireworks show, symbolize与 show 为主动关系，故用现在分词。
66.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。the Chinese language 专门指汉语这门语言，为特征，故用the。
67.【答案】is considered
【解析】考查谓语动词时态语态。本句表示汉语中的一个实际现象故用一般现在时态；根据句意可知，春天这个季节“被看作是…”，故用被动语态。
68.【答案】celebrations
【解析】考查名词复数。根据many of the 和 have 可知，用名词复数。
69.【答案】representative
【解析】考查词性转换。句子需要名词的修饰语，故用形容词形式。representative为形容词,“具有代表性的”。
70.【答案】themselves
【解析】考查代词。该词在句中做emerge的宾语,此处用反身代词指代主语，使主语把emerge这个动作反射到自己身上。句意：人们完全沉浸在这个季节的宜人气味中。