第2讲 动名词 -2022年高考英语二轮复习高频考点非谓语动词巧学巧练

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“高考英语精品课程”   非谓语动词第二讲： 动名词兴趣导入：动名词的形式是由V+-ing构成，动名词有时态和语态的变化，兼有动词和名词的特征，因而在句中可以做主语，表语，定语，动词的宾语和介词的宾语等。知识点回顾：动名词的功能：一般式，否定式，完成式，被动式主语1.Speaking English well isn’t an easy job.=It isn’t an easy job to speak English well.His swimming in the river made his mother very worried.=That he swam in the river made his mother very worried.宾语He enjoys swimming in summer.=He is fond of swimming in summer.定语There is a swimming pool in our school.(表功能，用途)表语Our plan is setting up another middle school for the children.其他形式完成式He didn’t mention having failed the exam.他没提及考试失败的事。被动式Being lost in the forest is a terrible thing.在森林里迷路是件可怕的事。否定式They are accustomed to not talking at meals. 他们习惯吃饭不说话。No smoking （is allowed here）.不准吸烟。专题精讲；考点1：动名词作主语1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good doing sth。【活学活用】1. __________（learn）is important to modern life.2. It’s no good _________(play) computer games too much.3. ________________(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.考点2：动名词作宾语（1）常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语：完成、实践、值得忙继续、习惯、别放弃考虑、建议、不禁、想喜欢、思念、介意【活学活用】4. He avoided_______(give) his any personal information.5. I appreciated_____________ (give)this opportunity.（2）接to do/doing意义不同的动词：forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。【活学活用】I think people should stop _____________(cut down) trees, or the environment will become worse.Peter is busy_______________(work) at school, but he never forgets ___________(do) exercise every day.I can't help _____________(do) housework at home because I am busy with my homework.（3）含介词to的动词短语：look forward to盼望某事；get down to着手；be used/accustomed to 习惯于；stick to坚持；pay attention to注意；devote oneself to致力于；object to反对；be opposed to反对；When it comes to 谈到……。【活学活用】9. The students are used to ____________(live) in the new school.10. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 11. She has devoted all her life to __________(teach) the disabled boy. (4)省略介词类动词短语：spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事；waste…(in) doing浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事；prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难；have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难；There is no point (in) doing做……没有用；have fun (in) doing做……开心。【活学活用】12. He is busy _________(write) his love letters.13. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV. 14. You can’t imagine what great trouble she had __________(raise) the four children. (5)动名词主动形式表示被动意义：3需要2值得want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事；be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做；deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做。【活学活用】15. After the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need___________/_______________ (repair).16. The new film you referred to this morning deserves __________(see) again. 考点3：动名词复合结构：  标准式: 名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); 形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing);   省略式: 名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); 宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing)。【活学活用】17. Do you mind Jane _______________(leave) alone at home?18. She insisted on her______________(go) with me.考点4：动名词作表语和定语要点精讲：动名词作表语时主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。a swimming pool ＝a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimmingYour task is cleaning the blackboard. = Cleaning the blackboard is your task. 考点5：动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式 内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式doingbeing donenot doing完成式having donehaving been donenot having done    【活学活用】19. They insisted on _____________(give) another chance to try.20. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.21. ---They are quiet, aren’t they? ---Yes. They are accustomed to ______________(talk) at meals. 【答案与解析】19. being given。insist on doing表示“坚持做某事”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是being given。20. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。21. not taking。be used/accustomed to习惯于；结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是not taking。  课堂总结：只能接ing的动词编辑点评：我们学习英语语法的时候一定讲到过，英语中有些动词或者短语动词，后面只能接动名词而不能接不定式。这也是考试经常会考的一个知识点。大家能记清是哪些词吗？忘了没关系，今天我们一起来做个总结。allow/permit  允许consider  考虑suggest/advice  建议finish  完成imagine  想象practise  练习understand  明白appreciate/enjoy  喜欢miss  错过，怀念prevent  阻止forbid 禁止escape  避免include  包括forgive/pardon/excuse  原谅dislike  厌恶discuss  讨论report  报道admit  承认mind  介意risk  冒险can't stand  不能忍受burst out  突然开始feel like  想要insist on  坚持delay/put off  推迟give up  放弃be busy  忙于be worth  值得1.Enjoy/like/love/be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事eg:She is fond of doing chemical experiments. 她喜欢做化学实验。2.Keep/keep on/carry on/go on doing sth. 继续做某事eg:We keep on going on and on cause this is where we both belong. 让我们一直拥有，并走下去，因为这是我们俩共同拥有的。3.Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事eg:I feel like giving up on the job. 我觉得我不能从工作中摆脱出来。4.Practice doing sth. 练习做某事eg:They practice doing so quickly and accurately. 他们学习快而准确的做。5.Give up doing sth. 放弃做某事eg:If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more, I'll give up working. 如果我老板再要我做这样的事，我就辞职不干了。6.Be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事eg:For example, the Dutch do well in disposing of wastes. 欧洲就非常善于使用再生资源，例如：荷兰的垃圾。7.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事eg:We should pay attention to our behavior in public. 在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止。8.What about/how about doing sth. ……怎么样（好吗）？eg:What about editing of the film? 这部电影的编辑怎么样呢？9.Thank you for doing sth. 为……感谢某人eg:Thank you for flying with us. 谢谢您乘坐我们的飞机。10.Mind doing sth. 介意做某事eg:Would you mind doing me a favour? 你介意帮我个忙吗？11.Be used for doing sth./be used to do sth. 被用来做某事Computers are used to do many jobs in the office.电脑在办公室被用来做很多事。12.Spend… (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事eg:How much time you spend doing daily exercise? 你每天花多少时间做运动？13.Be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事eg:He is busy with some important work. 他忙着处理一些重要的工作。14.Finish doing sth. 做完某事eg:You'd better finish doing your homework tonight. 你最好今晚完成家庭作业。15.Make a contribution to doing sth. 在……做贡献eg:We will try our best to make a contribution to lighting industry. 竭力为照明事业做出贡献！16.Prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢……胜过……eg:He prefers doing to talking. 他宁愿做，不愿说。17.Be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事eg:Life is not fair, get used to it. 生活是不公平的，但我们要适应它。18./stop/prevent sb. （from ）doing sth. 阻止某人做某事=keep sb from doing sth.eg:Unless we get more funding, we'll be prevented from finishing our experimental program. 除非我们得到更多的拨款，否则就会妨碍完成这项试验计划。介词(to)+doing巩固练习I.单句语法填空1．The police suspected Tom of________ (steal) the diamond, but they couldn't find enough evidence. 2．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to _________ (wander) in the street. 3．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）A good coach always stays calm in a game because anger can lead to ________ (make) wrong strategies. 4．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）The old lady likes being alone and doesn't enjoy ________ (disturb). 5．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）The evidence will lead to the thief ________(catch) soon. 6．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）If you do something good, you deserve ________(praise). 7．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. Without the bicycle, much of the world might stop________ (work)!8．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）The technology uses sensors and cameras to, see a clear path and avoid________ (hit) those walking toward it.9．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and put it to good use, saving dozens of old tree stumps from being removed by________ (turn) them into impressive works of art.10．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Cycling to work is a healthy alternative to________ (drive) to work.                                        非谓语动词专练用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。11. (2021全国甲) After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!12. (2021全国乙) Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of ____________ (visit) the place. 13. Don’t forget _______________(post) the letter for me when you pass by the post office.14. Attention must be paid to _______________(develop) the education in the west. 15. I feel like __________(take) a long walk. Would you like _________(go) with me?16. I’m considering _______(buy) an iPad, which is considered ___________(be) a useful tool.  17. He thinks the film is worth____________ again but I think it isn’t worthy ________________(see).18. She used to ____________(be) shy but now she is used to ___________(speak) bravely in public.19. I don’t allow ___________ (smoke) here and I don’t allow my family____________ (smoke) at all. 20. China has taken steps to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______________ (attack) in the South China Sea.   拓展练习 II.语篇填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Mochi (年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 1． (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year.Mochi is made by 2． (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 3． are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 4． (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 5． gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year.Traditionally, wooden mortars (臼) and pestles (杵) 6． (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 7． a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it8． (hard) quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or shaped into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it’s 9． (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge.Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 10． (choke) on it.