题型四语篇型语法填空-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破（新高考专用）

这是一份题型四语篇型语法填空-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破（新高考专用），文件包含题型四语篇型语法填空-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破新高考专用解析版docx、题型四语篇型语法填空-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破新高考专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
Clze 1（2020全国Ⅱ）
Decrating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
Oranges: Orange trees are mre 64 decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifts and yu see them many times 65 (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
Bamb: Chinese lve their "Lucky Bamb" plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices. 66__ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 67 health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 68 (care) fr and make great presents.
Branches f Plum Blssms(梅花): The 69 (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 70 first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。
61.celebratin 考查名词。不定冠词a 后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebratin。
62.carries 考查动词时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填carries。
63.cming 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词represent,空处应用非谓语动词,且the earth和cme 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填cming。
64.than 考查固定搭配。mre than 为固定搭配,在这里表示"不仅仅",所以填than。
65.decrated 考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的Orange trees,和decrate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,所以填decrated。
66.Certainly 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。
67.with 考查介词。be assciated with...是固定搭配,表示"与……有关"。
68.t care 考查非谓语动词。此处考查"be +adj.+t d "结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
69.beautiful 考查形容词。空处和空后的lng共同修饰名词branches,所以填beautiful。
70.the 考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the,表示"第几个"。
Clze 2（2018全国Ⅱ）
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011, the cuntry 61 (grw) mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn’s rise:The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice 64 (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased 66__ (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67 (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the gvernment 68 (start) a sil-testing prgram __69 gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers — and 2011,fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while __70 (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国近年来调整农作物种植结构的情况。
【核心词汇】 accunt fr(在数量、比例上)占; 说明(原因、理由等) specific adj. 明确的, 特定的,具体的 recmmendatin n. 推荐; 推荐信; 建议 carbn dixide 二氧化碳
61.has grwn 考查动词时态。由句中的时间状语"Since 2011"可知,此处应用现在完成时。
62.the 考查冠词。此处是特指,故用定冠词the。ver the past 25 years表示"在过去的25年里"。
63.actually 考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰谓语动词is,故填actual的副词形式actually。
64.t imprve 考查非谓语动词。不定式短语t imprve water quality作目的状语。
65.than 考查介词。由空前的less可知,此处应用介词than,表示"比"。
66.pllutin 考查名词。此处应填名词pllutin(不可数名词)作宾语。
67.glbal 考查形容词。此处应填glbe的形容词形式glbal作定语。
68.started 考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。
69.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,a sil-testing prgram是先行词,指物,且定语从句中缺主语,所以应填关系代词that或which。
70.feeding 考查非谓语动词。该句的主语暗示feed的逻辑主语为China, feed与China为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词,构成"连词+分词"结构。
Clze 3（2016乙卷(全国Ι)）
Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp 61 (attract).
S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research. I 62 (allw) t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Frm tmrrw, I will be their UK ambassadr. The title will be 63 (fficial)given t me at a ceremny in Lndn. But my cnnectin with pandas ges back 64 my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reprter 66 (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild. My ambassadrial duties will include 67 (intrduce) British visitrs t the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and thers at a research centre in the misty muntains f Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-mnth-ld twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mther. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle-fed, 70 ther is with mum — she never suspects.
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的成都之旅以及与大熊猫之间的故事。
61.attractin 考查名词。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是它(成都)最具吸引力之物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词tp可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attractin,意为"吸引人的事物"。
62.was allwed 考查动词时态和语态。主语I与动词allw之间是动宾关系,且前一句中的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was allwed。
63.fficially 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填fficially。
64.t 考查介词。g back t是固定搭配,意为 "追溯到"。
65.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。
66.permitted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语the first Western TV reprter之间是动宾关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于that was permitted。
67.intrducing 考查非谓语动词。include后跟动词时要用其-ing形式作宾语,所以此空填intrducing。
【知识拓展】 下列动词后跟动词时,也应用动词-ing形式作宾语:dislike, imagine, delay, practise, finish, avid等。
68.its 考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mther可知,此空应该填形容词性物主代词its。
69.days 考查名词的数。few修饰可数名词复数,故此空应填days。 every few days意为"每隔几天"。
70.the 考查冠词。 ther...为固定搭配,意为"一个……另一个……"。
类型2 社会与历史
Clze 4（2020浙江）
Sme time after 10000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 56 , thrugh agriculture.Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
Farming prduced mre fd per persn 58 hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children. And, as mre children were brn, mre fd 59 (need).Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60 (change) lives.
By abut 6000 BC, peple 61 (discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.Later, they learned t wrk with the 62 (seasn), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time.Then, with 64 rise f science, changes began. New methds __65 (mean) that fewer peple wrked in farming.In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated.New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。
56.in 考查介词。live in是固定词组,表示"在……地方生活",故填in。
57.what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作n的宾语,由于该宾语从句中缺少主语,同时空处表示"……的事物",故填what。
58.than 考查介词。根据上文的mre fd可知,此处是结构,表示"比……多……"。
59.was needed 考查动词时态和语态。结合句意"随着更多的孩子出生,需要的粮食就更多"可知,mre fd与need构成动宾关系,且文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填was needed。
60.t change 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,"农业给了人们首次用技术的力量去改变生活的体验",故用不定式作后置定语。
61.had discvered 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By abut 6000 BC可知,句子谓语用过去完成时,故填had discvered。
62.seasns 考查名词的数。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,seasn为可数名词,故填seasns。
63.making 考查非谓语动词。结合and和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making,与planting并列作状语。
64.the 考查冠词。根据空后的rise f science可知,此处是对名词的限定性修饰,语意表示"科学的兴起",故填定冠词the,表示特指。
65.meant 考查动词时态。空处在句中作谓语,文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填meant。
Clze 5（2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)）
These days, it is nt unusual fr 10- t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders 56 (begin) cmputer classes. At the same time, cmputer games are becming increasingly ppular as majr publishing huses cntinue t develp 57 (educatin) cmputer prgrams fr children in preschl. Als, technlgical knw-hw has becme a 58 (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst 59 (prfessin).
The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes 60 aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each vlume in the set explres 61 wide range f materials, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, 62 discusses the influences they have n everyday life. Because the number f pssible tpics 63 (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and tls and explain the basic principles f technlgy. Readers 64 (encurage) t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f 65 (we) Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化,《数码世界》旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响,帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。
56.t begin 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"it is +形容词+fr sb.+ t d sth.",所以空处应该填t begin。
57.educatinal 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空后的名词短语cmputer prgrams,需要用形容词,所以空处应该填educatinal。
58.requirement 考查名词。根据空前的a和空后的fr可知,空处需要一个名词,所以填requirement。
59.prfessins 考查名词复数。prfessin表示"行业,职业",是一个可数名词,根据空前的mst可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以应该填prfessins。
60.that/which 考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语a set f vlumes,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以关系词用that/which。
61.a 考查冠词。a wide range f为固定表达,意为"广泛的,大范围的",所以空处填a。
62.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词explres, explains和discusses是并列的,所以空处应该填并列连词and。
63.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处时态应该为一般现在时;短语the number f...作主语时,谓语动词应该用单数,所以空处填is。
64.are encuraged 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知,本句需要用一般现在时;再根据句意"读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界"可知,用被动语态;所以填are encuraged。
65.ur 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词短语Further Resurces sectin,需要用形容词性物主代词,所以填ur。
Clze 6（2020浙江1月）
Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin — it is aging. The median(中位数的) age f an American in 1950 56 (be) 30 — tday it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase) t 42 by 2050. Fr Japan, the 58 (number) are mre striking — 22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050. In 2015, ne in 12 peple arund the wrld were ver 65; by 2050, it will be ne in six.
This aging f the ppulatin is driven 59 tw factrs. The first is declining birth rates, which means ld generatins are large 60 (cmpare) t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes 61 (ld) than befre. This is 62 (particular) true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger. A child brn in the US tday has 63 very realistic chance f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
Peple tend t fcus n the first factr. Hwever, greater attentin shuld 64 (place) n lngevity(长寿). It isn’t just that peple are, n average, living lnger. It’s als that they are n average healthier 65 mre prductive fr lnger. Therefre, they can wrk fr lnger, cnsume mre and in general be a bst t the ecnmy.
这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了当前世界人口老龄化的现象以及造成这一现象的两大因素。
56.was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合主语age可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,同时根据in 1950可知,此处的时态为一般过去时,所以填was。
57.t increase 考查非谓语动词。根据is expected可知,其后需要接不定式t d结构,意为"预计将……"。
58.numbers 考查名词复数。根据下文的are可知这里需要number的复数形式,故填numbers。
59.by 考查介词。空处位于表示被动的谓语后,故应填by,表示"由,被"。
60.cmpared 考查非谓语动词。结合句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词,且cmpare与其逻辑主语ld generatins是动宾关系,故填cmpared。cmpared t是固定结构,意为"与……相比"。
61.lder 考查形容词比较级。结合句意和下文的than befre可知,这里意为"比以前更加年老",故填lder。
62.particularly 考查副词。此处修饰true,故填副词形式。
63.a 考查冠词。根据下文的chance可知,这里语意表示"一个非常实际的可能性",故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。
64.be placed 考查动词语态。结合句意可知,此处attentin与place构成动宾关系。又因空前是情态动词shuld,故填be placed。
65.and 考查并列连词。结合句意可知,healthier和mre prductive构成并列关系,故填and。
类型3 工作与职业
Clze 7（2019全国Ⅱ）
A 90-year-ld has been awarded "Wman Of The Year" fr 61 (be) Britain’s ldest full-time emplyee — still wrking 40 hurs a week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, 62 she pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have 63 (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, prud Irene 64 (declare) she had n plans 65 (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said, "I dn’t see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make)ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, 67 because I want t."
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — wh wrks alngside her in the family business — said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said, "We dn’t have any idea wh put grandma frward. When we gt a call 68 (say) she was shrt-listed, we thught it was 69 jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It’s 70 (wnder)."
本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得"年度女性奖"的事迹。
61.being 考查非谓语动词。介词fr后应该用动词-ing形式,故填being。
62.which 考查关系代词。先行词是the pet shp,指物,非限制性定语从句中缺宾语,故填which。
【易错点拨】 由于先行词the pet shp是地点名词,所以有些考生会错填where。如果填where的话,where在定语从句中应该作地点状语。如"He pened a pet shp, where the neighbrs bught pets."。
63.finally 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,故填finally。
64.declared 考查动词时态。叙述过去发生的事应用一般过去时,故填declared。
65.t retire 考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语,故填t retire。
66.have made 考查动词时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语"ver the years"可知,从句时态应为现在完成时,故填have made。
67.but 考查连词。此处是""结构,表示"不是……而是……"。
68.saying 考查非谓语动词。letter与say之间是主谓关系,故此处应用现在分词作后置定语,故填saying。
69.a 考查冠词。此处表示"我们以为它是一个玩笑",表示泛指,且jke的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
70.wnderful 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,故填wnderful。
【熟词生义】 late 常见义:adj.& adv.迟,晚
本文义:adj. 已故的
Clze 8（2017丙卷(全国Ш)）
She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t the challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike her schl friends, 16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 62 mdel in New Yrk.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants 65 (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her 66 (educate).
She has turned dwn several 67 (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree 68 engineering r architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl 69 (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre."
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特,并且取得了巨大的成功,虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特,但是Sarah决心继续(接受)教育。
61.resting 考查非谓语动词。spend time ding sth. 是固定用法,故填resting。
62.a 考查冠词。mdel是可数名词,此处表示"作为一名模特",表泛指,故填不定冠词a。
63.has been tld/was tld 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是动宾关系,故应用被动语态,可以用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,填has been tld;此外,"被告知"这件事情发生在过去,故也可填was tld。
【易错点拨】 考生在考虑动词的时态时,经常会忽略语态,比如此题容易误填tld。因此,遇到考查动词的题目时,要从句意出发,考虑主语与动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。
64.wh 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,指人,且从句中缺主语,故填关系代词wh。
65.t prve 考查非谓语动词。 want t d sth.是固定用法,故填 t prve。
66.educatin 考查名词。形容词性物主代词her后应用educate的名词形式,故填educatin。
67.invitatins 考查名词复数。空前的限定词several一般修饰可数名词复数,应用invitatin的复数形式,故填invitatins。
68.in 考查介词。degree与介词in搭配,表示某专业的学位。故填in。
69.cmes 考查动词时态。全文以一般现在时为主,且句中时间状语at the mment表示"现在,此刻",故此处用一般现在时。又因为主语schl是第三人称单数,故填cmes。
【易错点拨】 如果使用一般现在时,还要注意主谓一致的问题。此题容易误填cme。
70.certainly 考查副词。本句为but连接的并列句。此处应用副词修饰第一分句,作状语,故填certainly。
类型4 饮食与健康
Clze 9（2018浙江）
Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme. Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap 58 can be t eat ut. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I 60 (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
While regularly eating ut seems t 61 (becme)cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst. The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be 62 (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. There culd be an even 63 (high) cst n yur health. Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.
If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme 65 dinner, get a few cking tips frm her. Cking fd can be fun. Yu might als begin t ntice the effects nt nly n yur health but in yur pcket.
本文讲述了越来越多的人外出就餐的现状,说明了外出就餐过多会对经济和健康产生影响,并对此给出了建议。
56.dishes 考查名词复数。dish是可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,且此处表示复数概念,故应用其复数形式dishes。
57.wh/that 考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是Many westerners,指人,且空处在从句中作主语,故填关系代词wh/that。
58.it 考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是t eat ut。
59.visiting 考查非谓语动词。remember ding sth.表示"记得做过某事",故填visiting。
【知识拓展】 非谓语动词中,现在分词所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生且现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系;过去分词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系;不定式通常表示将来和目的。
60.was shcked 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示"我感到很震惊",shck与主语I为动宾关系,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shcked。
61.have becme 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和时间状语in recent years可知,此处应用不定式的完成式,故填have becme。
62.affrdable 考查形容词。根据语境可知,一周在外就餐一两次可能负担得起,且空处在句中作表语,故填形容词affrdable。
63.higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知,此处表示"更高的代价",故要用high的比较级higher。
64.weight 考查名词。根据语境可知,此处表示"体重问题",故空处要填名词weight。
65.fr 考查介词。根据语境可知,此处应用介词fr表示"目的"。
Clze 10（2017乙卷(全国Ι)）
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 67 (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。
61.as 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处表示"作为一种对抗心脏病的方式",所以填as,意为"作为"。
62.effects 考查名词复数。此处表示"这种趋势产生了一些无心的副作用"。根据空前的"sme"及空后的"such as verweight and heart disease"可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用名词复数形式effects。
63.t prcess 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。
64.are remved 考查动词时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时,此处也应用一般现在时;从句的主语fat and salt与remve之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。所以此处填are remved。
65.a 考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配,意为"结果"。
66.wrse 考查副词比较级。副词作状语,修饰后面整句话,短语even wrse 意为"更糟糕的是",表示意义的递进。故填wrse。
67.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;主语Fast fd为单数,故填is。
68.eating 考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语,故填eating。
69.careful 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,结合语境可知,应填careful。
70.which 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指代前句的内容,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。
【能力提升】
Clze 1（2020全国Ш）
In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 62__ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld 63 (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River — perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
Filled with 64 (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67 (find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved 68 (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mther Nature.
本文讲述了一位中国古代画家找寻最伟大的艺术大师"自然母亲"的故事。
61.whse 考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句,主语an artist为先行词,后接一个定语从句,空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系,故用whse。
62.finest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知,皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。
63.be chsen 考查被动语态。这位画家确信自己会被选中。
64.curisity 考查词形转换。介词with后应使用名词。
65.When/As 考查状语从句。When/As在句中表示"当……时"。
66.pinted 考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语,故也用一般过去时。
67.t find 考查动词不定式。set ut t d sth."开始做某事"。
68.gently 考查词形转换。修饰动词mved应使用副词。
【知识拓展】 形容词变副词的常见规则:
①通常在形容词后直接加-ly。例:cheap(cheaply), bright(brightly)。
②形容词以"辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i,再加-ly。例:heavy(heavily), lucky(luckily)。
③以-e结尾的形容词变副词,通常直接加-ly(true变truly时除外);但以-le结尾的形容词变副词时,通常只需将词尾的e变为y即可。例:huge(hugely), frtunate(frtunately); simple(simply), gentle(gently), terrible(terribly)。
69.surrunding 考查非谓语动词。由语境可知,此处考查see sth. ding结构,surrunding the muntain tps作宾补。空前由and连接的the mists rising frm the river也有暗示。
70.n 考查固定搭配。n earth世上。
Clze 2（2020新高考Ι(山东)）
Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, __36 (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big 37 until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 38 (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39 pened in 1759.
The parts f a museum pen t the public 40 (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin 41 (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in histry r 43 (walk) thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights,sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical 44 (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete __45 peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
本文介绍了博物馆的相关知识以及现在社会博物馆的开办情况。
36.wealthy 考查形容词。根据设空处后面的名词peple可知,这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。
37.r 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,until it gt t big和until they died并列,同时结合语境可知,此处表示选择关系,故用连词r。
38.frmed 考查一般过去时。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,同时结合上下文可知,此处的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故填frmed。
39.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为the British Museum,故此处用关系代词which/that。
40.are called 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为复数名词The parts f a museum,设空处为谓语动词,与主语之间为被动关系,结合语境可知这里为客观事实,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
41.is 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据上下文及时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时,设空处为谓语动词,主语为nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin,是单数名词,故此处用is。
42.themselves 考查反身代词。根据语境可知,主语visitrs发出的动作imagine作用于自身,此处应用反身代词形式,故填themselves。
43.walking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的living at a different time in histry并列,故此处用walking。
44.accuracy 考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Histrical可知,此处应用名词accuracy作主语。
45.fr 考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表达的是"为人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他娱乐活动进行竞争",cmpete fr"为……竞争",故应用介词fr。
Clze 3（2019全国Ш）
On ur way t the huse, it was raining 61 hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take 62__ (get) there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dgs, seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and 65 (recmmend) wnderful places t eat, shp, and visit. Fr breakfast, we were able t eat papaya(木瓜) and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting 66 (cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many 67 (traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were __68 (huge) ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we 69 (invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, 70 (listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。
61.s 考查固定结构。此处表示"雨下得很大,我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里"。意为"如此……以至于……"。由副词hard可知,此处用s。
62.t get 考查动词不定式。此处考查"it takes sb. sme time t d sth."这一句型,表示"花某人多长时间做某事"。
63.f 考查介词。a pack f是固定用法,意为"一群……"。
64.wh 考查定语从句。先行词是their masters,指人,且关系代词在从句中作主语,故填wh。
65.recmmended 考查时态。根据句中的shared及并列连词and可知,此处应用一般过去时。
66.cmpetitin 考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知,此处应填名词单数形式,表示一场有趣的比赛。
67.traditinal 考查词形转换。修饰名词stries应用形容词。
68.hugely 考查副词。修饰形容词ppular应用副词hugely。
69.were invited 考查时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情,此处应为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。
70.listening 考查动词-ing。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,且此处不缺谓语,应用动词-ing作伴随状语。
Clze 4（2019浙江）
There are several reasns why schl unifrms are a gd idea. First f all, unifrms help the schl lk smart. The students feel that they belng t a particular grup. When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm,nbdy 56 (have) t wrry abut fashin (时尚).Everybdy wears 57 same style f clthes. Unifrms can be useful in unexpected ways. A schl in Ireland has intrduced an interesting new unifrm. On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth 58__ gives ff light in the dark. When the children are walking r 59 (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings, car drivers can __60 (easy) see them.
But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer 61 this questin is nt clear. One study in America fund that students’ grades 62 (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. But sme students didn’t want __63 (wear) the unifrm. Other American studies shwed n 64 (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
Schl unifrms are 65 (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them. Sme very gd schls dn’t have a unifrm plicy. Hwever, unifrms are still ppular.Pupils at abut 90 percent f British secndary schls wear unifrms.
本文介绍了穿校服的各种好处。
56.has/will have 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况;分析句子结构可知,主语是nbdy,所以谓语动词用has。也可理解为When引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时,故也可填will have。
57.the 考查冠词。 根据语境和same可知,此处用the表示特指,表示"同样款式的衣服"。
58.that/which 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a piece f clth,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。
59.cycling 考查动词-ing。 根据walking和r可知,此处应用动词-ing与walking并列,故填cycling。
60.easily 考查副词。 此处应用easy的副词形式来修饰动词,故填easily。
61.t 考查介词。the answer t...为固定用法,表示"……的答案",故填介词t。
62.imprved 考查动词的时态。 分析句子结构可知,此处that引导宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据主句谓语动词fund和after引导的时间状语从句中的intrduced可知,此处也应用一般过去时,故填imprved。
【易错点拨】 注意imprve表示"提高,改进",此处是主动语态,不要误填were imprved。
63.t wear 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知,此处为不定式作want的宾语,故填t wear。
64.cnnectin/cnnectins 考查名词。 根据n可知,要用名词,cnnectin"联系,关联"符合句意,且其为可数名词,n后可接名词单数或复数,故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
65.traditinal 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知,空处作are的表语,所以要用traditin的形容词形式traditinal,表示"传统的"。
Clze 5（2018全国Ш）
I’m nt sure 61 is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I’m walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at 62 tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the __63 (lud) f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid 64 (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a 66 (science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching __67 these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find 68 (they) alive. True t a grilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me n real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me 70 (stay) and watch.
本文讲述了作者在森林里偶遇大猩猩家庭的经历。
61.wh 考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓,是我还是那只不知从何处突然出现的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示"谁",故填wh。
62.the 考查冠词。 at the tp f her lungs在此处表示"大声地"。
63.ludest 考查副词最高级。根据语境和空后的f all可知,空处应用副词的最高级。
64.lking 考查非谓语动词。avid后接动词时要用其-ing形式作宾语,故空处填lking。
65.challenged 考查非谓语动词。此处表示"我迅速弯下身并低下头避免直视它,以便它不会感到受到挑战",主语he和challenge是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态。故填challenged。
66.scientist 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知,空处应填名词,由空后的定语从句可知,此处表示"科学家",故填scientist。
67.fr 考查介词。 search fr意为"寻找",为固定搭配。
68.them 考查代词。空处作find的宾语,故用代词。这里用them 指代上文的the grillas。
69.meant 考查时态。由语境可知,此处描述的动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
70.t stay 考查非谓语动词。allw sb. t d sth.为固定用法,意为"允许某人做某事",故填t stay。