专题16 新高考英语概要写作专用03-说明文类-2022年新高考英语新题型研读写作三合一及专项训练

这是一份专题16 新高考英语概要写作专用03-说明文类-2022年新高考英语新题型研读写作三合一及专项训练，共16页。

说明文的概要一般有以下三种形式 ：
(1) 描写某事物的性质功能。即“对象+性质功能+利弊”：
(In the passage) the writer intrduces… t us, especially its…., frm which we knw…
The article cmpares the disadvantages/ benefits f A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact(影响)f sth. On the psitive side…, but it may als….
(2) 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：
The passage tells us… the authr tells us hw t .., including……
(3) 介绍某现象及其原因、结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：
The authr talks abut… is caused by…. As a result (cnsequently),….
This article pints ut the cmmn phenmenn ----(主题), which….(补充解释).
The study reveals(揭露) that…
The purpse f the reprt is t shw that…
在概要写作前，我们要通读短文，确定其内容是属于那种类型，然后选择确当的模板。注意：不要关注一些次要的细节却遗漏重要的要点，尽量少使用原文语句，多用自己的概括性的语言;3到5个句子即可。

Passage 01
介绍哈根达斯
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Haagen-Dazs (哈根达斯雪糕) frm Eurpe started in 1989 and is 5-10 times mre expensive than regular ice cream. There is n real advantage. Hwever, it adpted a unique marketing strategy, and quickly ccupied the market as a tp ice cream brand.
Haagen-Dazs did nt set up shps in rdinary supermarkets r grcery stres. Haggen-Dazs leisure fashin shps are lcated in busy sectins f malls. The layut is carefully planned t create an elegant atmsphere, and smetimes, a flagship (旗舰) stre will cst several millin dllars.
Cmpared t ther ice cream brands, Haagen-Dazs cnsumers are tightly gruped. It is understd that Haagen-Dazs seldm des televisin advertising. The majrity f ads have the highly visual impact f the print medium. In particular many advertisements lk fr thse pyramid tip cnsumers. Mrever, as lng as the cnsumer wh spends 500 Yuan t fill in a small frm can becme their members, these members will be regularly sent advertisements by direct mail. Praise f custmers is a pwerful weapn fr Haagen Dazs.
There is always much creative ingenuity (独出心裁) in Haagen-Dazs advertising, s it is remembered by the public. Initial advertisements such as: ''Delicius Haagen-Dazs, like 24K gld, Kbe beef frm Japan, riginal palm il, mushrm truffles and Chinese ceramics…'' and ''Lve her, let her eat Haagen-Dazs. '' attracted numerus Haagen-Dazs lvers wh became regulars.
Tday, Haggen Dazs has abut 700 stres in 55 cuntries with annual sales f mre than 1 billin US dllars. Haagen-Dazs has becme the wrld’s mst ppular ice cream brand. In the United States, its market share is 6.1%, 1% in France, 4.6% in Japan, 4% in Singapre, and 5% in Hng Kng.
Determined t win the majrity f wealthy custmers, they cmbined psitining in the marketplace with dedicated brand gals. This is the real secret f success.
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核心内容

习作范文一：
(总介绍)Despite the high price, Haagen-Dazs wn wrldwide reputatin with its special marketing strategy. (要点1)Nt nly did it lie in the mdern malls with elegant envirnment and flagship stres, (要点2)but it als publicized its brand with print medium and the praise f custmers rather than televisin advertising. (要点3)What’s mre, the advertising with unique creativity wrked well t attract new custmers and then turned them int regulars. (总结)Hence, the ice cream’s success relied n its unique market methds. (76词)

习作范文二：
Haagen-Dazs has becme the mst ppular ice cream fr its distinctive marketing strategy. (要点1)One reasn is that its shps are ften situated in busy malls. (要点2)Anther factr lies in its print advertisements with an excellent visual effect especially targeting cnsumers with great purchasing pwer. (要点3)Besides, the creativity in the advertisements als creates an impressive image. (要点4)In a wrd, adpting a unique marketing strategy has cntributed t the brand's wrldwide ppularity. (要点5)

Passage 02
蜜蜂家族生存习性
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer. They bring sme f its nectar (花蜜) back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.
In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks. They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey. In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh. The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees. The streys the queen can’t enter are where the stre rms are. There are rms fr pllen, nectar and ryal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms. They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.
The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne. Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar. He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen-carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt. What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats. If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes n anther queen. If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
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核心内容

习作范文一：
（总）Bees are dd animals with unique methds f cmmunicatin. (要点1)The wrker bees pick up nectar and pllen, make hney and stre it. (要点2)The queen lives at the bttm f the five-strey huse and lay eggs, (要点3)but she always drive the drne ut t avid them frm eating the fd. (要点4)Yung bees are in charge f attending t the newbrn bees, and their fate depend n what they eat.(68词)

习作范文二：
Bees are weird animals and have a unique way t cmmunicate with ne anther. (要点1) Wrker bees wrk tirelessly t stre fd. (要点2) Unlike wrker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bttm strey f the five-strey huse. (要点3) She even deserts the drne after she finishes using him. (要点4) Same as wrker bees, yung bees need t wrk t care fr newbrn bees, but they can nly leave their futures t what they eat. (要点5)

Passage 03
人们普遍感到很大的工作压力
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Are yu stressed at wrk? A recent study fund that ne third f wrkers describe their jbs as highly stressful; and 75% believe that wrk is mre stressful nw than it was 20 years ag. Wrk- related stress can lead t headaches, depressin, memry lss, a lack f cncentratin, stmach prblems and an inability t sleep. But what causes it?
Lts f things, apparently. Fr example, smene wh finds their jb t difficult may becme stressed, especially if they dn’t get any help. Similarly, smene wh wrks t hard fr t many hurs can becme stressed. Finding a jb bring can als cause stress, as can wrking in an unfriendly envirnment d. But everyne is different. S, while ne persn many find wrking 60 hurs a week very stressful, anther may find it challenging and enjyable.
S, what can managers d t prevent stress? Once again, lts f things. They can make sure that the demands f the jb and the skills f the wrkers are matched, that the wrker is prvided with the resurces he r she needs t d the jb, that prblems are discussed, that emplyees are given timetables that allw them t rganize their life utside wrk, and that everyne is given clearly defined rles and respnsibilities. Als, that emplyees are ffered rewards fr gd wrk, and that there are pprtunities fr career develpment.
Mre imprtantly, what can yu d t reduce stress? Lts, t! Fr a start, yu can talk abut it. If yu’ve gt a prblem, find smene t discuss it with. Get mving —ensure yu’re getting lts f exercise. Make sensible fd chices and eat fd that’s gd fr yu. Get lts f sleep. When yu lack sleep, yur ability t handle stress is cmprmised. Ensure that jbs are evaluated carefully befre agreeing t take them n. Develp the capacity t meet challenges with humr. Laughter is a great stress buster. Give yurself mre time! If yu are always running late, set yur clcks fast s yu get things dne in time. Yu have t d it all yurself.
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核心内容

习作范文一：
A survey shws many peple are burdened with wrk-related stress which takes a heavy t n peple’s health. (要点 1) The reasns ranging frm envirnment, jb cntents t wrking hurs differ frm persn t persn. (要点 2) Managers can ease the stress with varius ways such as giving a praise after their gd jb. (要点 3) It is the same with emplyees wh can speak the stress ut, eat healthy fd, and have a gd sleep, and s n.(72词)

习作范文二：
A recent study shws that many peple are stressed at wrk, which is harmful t peple’s health. (要点 1) Peple may cnsider it stressful when finding their jbs difficult r being bred at wrk.(要点 2) Hwever, manager scan help prevent stress by giving emplyees suitable arrangement, sufficient assistance, as well as encuragement.(要点 3) Besides, emplyees can help themselves by means f talking, ding exercise, sleeping, laughing and s n.(要点 4)(63词)

Passage 04
摆脱害羞
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Shyness is partly a result f genes a persn has inherited (经遗传得到)．It’s als influenced by behavirs they’ve learned, the ways peple have reacted t their shyness, and life experiences they’ve had. The examples ther peple set can als play a rle in whether a persn learns t be shy r nt. If the parents f a shy child are verly cautius r verprtective, it can teach the child t back away frm situatins that might be uncmfrtable r unfamiliar.
Many peple want t reduce their shyness. But peple wh are naturally shy als have gifts that they might nt appreciate in themselves. Fr example, because shy peple may prefer listening t talking, they smetimes becme really gd listeners. Peple wh are shy might als becme sensitive t ther peple’s feelings and emtins. Because f their sensitivity and listening skills，many peple with a shy persnality are especially caring tward thers，and interested in hw thers feel. Peple ften cnsider them the finest friends.
Overcming shyness takes practice. Peple wh are shy tend t give themselves fewer chances t practice scial behavirs. It’s n wnder that peple wh shy away frm scializing dn’t feel as scially cnfident as peple wh are utging—they have less practice！The mre yu practice scial behavirs，the easier they get，and the mre natural they feel fr yu.
Take slw, steady steps frward. Ging slw is OK. But be sure t g frward. Stepping back frm any situatins that might trigger yu t feel shy can reinfrce shyness and keep it at a level that’s hard t get past. Build cnfidence by taking ne small frward step at a time. Als, it’s OK t feel awkward. Everyne des smetimes. Peple wh are shy are ften afraid t feel awkward r uncmfrtable. But dn’t let that keep yu frm ding what yu want. Yu might feel awkward asking yur friends fr help. That’s perfectly natural. Whether yur friend says “yes” r “n” is ut f yur cntrl. But nt asking at all means yu’ll never get the help. S g fr it anyway!
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核心内容

习作范文一：
The reasn f shyness is a cmbinatin f genes inheritance and scial behavirs like life experiences. (要点1)Thugh eager t reduce shyness, peple with the ability f listening and caring are likely t be best friends t thers. (要点2)Obviusly, slw as it is, scial cmmunicatin t imprve cnfidence can reduce shyness. (要点3)S just practice it and dn’t let any embarrassment blck yu. ( 61词)

习作范文二：
Shyness has smething t d with genes, behavirs and the ways peple deal with it and s n.(要点1) Sme peple seek t get rid f it, while in fact it can als mtivate such gifts as gd listening and understanding in peple.(要点2)Hwever, vercming shyness takes time and much practice.(要点3)S take slw, steady steps frward and build cnfidence step by step.(要点4)（57词）

Passage 05
太空垃圾
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many peple knw that trash (垃圾) is a big prblem n planet Earth. What many peple dn’t knw is that trash has becme a prblem in uter space t. Years f space explratin have left tns f “space junk” in rbit arund the planet. Accrding t BBC News, there are mre than 22,000 pieces f junk in space arund the earth. And these are just the items that we can see frm the surface f the earth by telescpes. There are als millins f smaller pieces f junk that we can’t see.
Objects, like bits f ld space rckets r satellites, mve arund the planet at very high speeds, s fast that even a very small piece can break imprtant satellites r becme dangerus t peple, particularly astrnauts. If the tiniest piece f junk crashed int a spacecraft, it culd damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an bject mves, the greater the impact if the bject cllides (相撞) with smething else.
T help reduce additinal space junk, cuntries arund the wrld have agreed t limit the time their space tls stay in rbit t 25 years. Each tl must be built t fall safely int the earth’s atmsphere, r the mass f gases that surrund the earth. In the upper parts f the atmsphere, it will burn up. Many scientists are als putting frward different ways t clean up space junk. In England a metal tl is being tested that can be fired int space trash, catch the trash, and then pull the trash int the earth’s atmsphere where it wuld burn up. The Germans have been planning a space prject with rbts that wuld cllect pieces f space trash and bring them back t Earth s that they can be safely destryed.
The prblem f space junk is very challenging, and it’s quite urgent as well. One reasn why it’s urgent is that cuntries are sending mre and mre bjects int space. Many f these bjects are tls that help peple use their cell phnes r cmputers. The time t act is nw; as we g farther in time we will need t remve mre and mre fragments (碎片).
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核心内容

习作范文一：
Like the earth, the uter space is full f garbage and small pieces that we dn’t knw. （要点1）Small pieces f junk bring ut great dangers such as hitting a spacecraft and destrying the vehicle.（要点2）Different cuntries attach significance t the space trash srting, fr instance, England’s metal tl and Germans’ space prject. （要点3）Challenging as it is, space cleaning is very urgent due t an increasing number f peple explring with mre junk.(72 词)

习作范文二：
It is unknwn t many peple that there is a lt f trash in uter space. (要点1) Small pieces f trash can cause severe damage. (要点2) T slve the prblem, many effrts have been made t reduce additinal space junk. (要点3) The prblem is s urgent that we need t take actin right nw. (要点4)（51词）结构
要点梳理
第1段（总）
总体概述：因为独特的市场策略哈根达斯成为最受欢迎的冰激凌
关键词：mre expensive ；unique marketing strategy； a tp ice cream
造句：Despite the high price, Haagen-Dazs wn a great ppularity with its special marketing strategy.
第2段（分）
原因之一：它的商店都开在繁忙的商场
关键词：busy sectins f malls.；elegant atmsphere;; flagship (旗舰) stre
造句：Its lcatin lay in the mdern malls with elegant envirnment and flagship stres.
第3段（分）
原因之二：它的广告极具视觉效应可以吸引顾客购买
关键词：televisin advertising；print medium；Praise f custmers
造句：Rather than using televisin advertising, Haagen-Dazs gained its reputatin with print medium and the praise f custmers.
第4段（分）
原因之三：具有创造力的广告令人印象深刻
关键词：creative ingenuity; attracted numerus
造句：Advertising with unique creativity wrked well t attract new custmers and then turned them int regulars.
第5-6段（总）
总结：独特的市场策略是这个品牌受到全世界欢迎的原因
关键词：cmbined psitining in the marketplace with dedicated brand gals
造句：With psitining in the marketplace and dedicated brand gals, Haagen-Dazs became famus all ver the wrld.
结构
要点梳理
第1段（总）
总体概述：蜜蜂采蜜交流的特殊方式
关键词：creatures ；wn way f telling； d a little dance；pllen；make hney
造句：Bees are dd animals with their unique methds f cmmunicatin.
第2段（分）
介绍工蜂的职能
关键词：cllect nectar and pllen nectar, pllen, hney, stre
造句：The wrker bees pick up nectar and pllen, make hney and stre it.
第3段（分）
介绍蜂王的住所
关键词：wn huses；rund tps; five streys high
造句：The queen lives at the bttm f the five-strey huse.
第4段（分）
介绍雄蜂
关键词：lay eggs；d nt have pllen-carrying things
造句：After laying eggs, the queen always drive the drne ut t avid them frm eating the fd.
第5段（分）
原因之三：介绍幼蜂的职责及命运
关键词：nurse the newbrn bees；depends n what it eats
造句：Yung bees are in charge f attending t the newbrn bees, and their fate depend n what they eat.
结构
要点梳理
第1段（总）
总体概述：目前人们普遍感到很大的工作压力压力对健康非常不利
关键词：recent study ; Wrk- related stresscan ；headaches, depressin, memry lss, a lack f cncentratin,stmach prblems and an inability t sleep
造句: A survey shws many peple are burdened with wrk-related stress which takes a heavy t n peple’s health.
第2段（分）
列举了导致压力的主要原因
关键词：difficult；t many hurs; a jb bring; unfriendly envirnment; everyne is different
造句：The reasns ranging frm envirnment, jb cntents t wrking hurs differ frm persn t persn.
第3段（分）
提出从公司经理的角度如何减轻员工的压力
关键词：managers ; prevent stress；demands；skills; resurces; rewards
造句：Managers can ease the stress with varius ways such as giving a praise after their gd jb.
第4段（分）
进一步描述了自我减缓压力的方法
关键词：talk abut; getting lts f exercise; eat fd; lts f sleep; meet challenges with humr
造句：Emplyees can speak the stress ut, eat healthy fd, and have a gd sleep, and s n.
结构
要点梳理
第1段（总）
总体概述：害羞的部分原因在于遗传，同时也受许多外部因素的影响。
关键词：genes apersn has inherited ；behavirs they’ve learned； life experiences
造句：The reasn f shyness is a cmbinatin f genes inheritance and scial behavirs like life experiences.
第2段（分）
许多人想要克服害羞，但是那些天生就害羞的人却有自己都未必知道的天赋--善于倾听。
关键词：sensitivity and listening skills; finest friends
造句：Thugh eager t reduce shyness, peple with the ability f listening and caring are likely t be best friends t thers.
第3段（分）
克服害羞需要实践。
关键词：Overcming shyness ; scial behavirs
造句：Scial cmmunicatin t imprve cnfidence can reduce shyness.
第4段（分）
要慢慢地并稳步前进，碰到让自己害羞的情况便畏缩不前更会加剧害羞。要通过每次进步一点点来培养自信心。
关键词：slw, steady steps frward; cnfidence; feel awkward
造句：Just step frward and dn’t let any embarrassing situatin blck yu.
结构
要点梳理
第1段（总）
总体概述：地球和太空充满着看见和看不见的垃圾
关键词：trash is a big prblem n planet Earth；uter space；uter space
造句：Like the earth, the uter space is full f explratin garbage and small pieces that we culdn’t see.
第2段（分）
小的垃圾有很多危害
关键词：high speeds；break imprtant satellites ；dangerus ; damage the vehicle
造句：Small pieces f junk bring ut great risks such as hurting the spaceman and destrying the vehicle.
第3段（分）
各国采取了多种措施来清理太空垃圾
关键词：reduce additinal space junk；limit the time；different ways；metal tl；space prject
造句：Different cuntries attach significance t the space trash srting, fr instance, England’s metal tl and Germans’ space prject.
第4段（分）
清理太空垃圾充满挑战，也是刻不容缓的
关键词：challenging; urgent; bjects int space
造句：Challenging as it is, space cleaning is very urgent due t an increasing number f peple explring with mre junk.