主题09 文化与习俗-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

主题09 文化与习俗

【主题词汇记忆】

　【高频单词】

·识记 1·

1. adventure 　　　 n. 冒险, 奇遇

2. ancestor    n. 祖先

3. ancient    adj. 古代的

4. anniversary   n. 周年纪念日

5. awkward    adj. 令人尴尬的, 使人难堪的

6. belief     n. 信条, 信念

believe     v. 相信, 认为

7. bless    v. 保佑; 祈福

8. casual     adj. 漫不经心的, 不经意的, 非正式的

9. cause     n. 原因, 起因

     vt. 促使, 引起, 使发生

10. caution    n. 谨慎, 小心, 警告

cautious     adj. 小心的, 谨慎的

·识记 2·

1. ceremony    n. 典礼, 仪式, 礼节

2. chief    adj. 主要的

3. civilized    adj. 文明的

4. concern    v. &n. 涉及, 关心

5. cooperation   n. 合作

6. cultural    adj. 文化的

7. custom    n. 习惯, 习俗, 风俗

8. decorate    v. 装饰, 装潢, 修饰

9. expand    v. 扩展

10. familiar    adj. 熟悉的

·识记 3·

1. fascinating    adj. 魅力无穷的

2. imagination   n. 想象(力)

3. immigrant    n. 移民

4. inform    vt. 告诉; 通知

information    n. 信息

5. marriage    n. 结婚, 婚姻

married        adj. 已婚的

marry     v. (使)成婚, 结婚

6. monument       n. 纪念碑, 纪念馆

7. moral       adj. 道德的

8. nationality       n. 国籍

9. occasion   n. 时刻; 场合

10. particular       adj. 特殊的, 特别的

·识记 4·

1. pray   v. 祈祷

2. public   adj. 公共的, 公众的

3. race    n. 种族

4. relevant   adj. 紧密相关的, 有意义的

5. religion   n. 宗教

6. remind   vt. 提醒, 使记起

7. remove   v. 移开, 拿走, 脱掉(衣服等)

8. restrict   v. 限制

restriction   n. 限制, 约束

9. result    n. 结果, 效果

10. ridiculous  adj. 可笑的; 荒唐的

·识记 5·

1. phenomenon  n. 现象

2. sacred   adj. 神圣的, 上帝的

3. sacrifice   n. &v. 牺牲; 供奉

4. separate   v. 使分开, 使分离

    adj. 单独的, 分开的

separately   adv. 单独地, 各自地

separation   n. 分离, 隔离

5. silence   n. 安静, 沉默

silent    adj. 无声的, 沉默的

6. strange   adj. 奇怪的, 奇特的, 陌生的

stranger    n. 陌生人, 异乡人

7. symbol   n. 象征

8. temple   n. 庙宇; 寺庙

9. tradition   n. 传统, 风俗

traditional   adj. 传统的, 习俗的

10. typical   adj. 典型的, 有代表性的, 特有的

【高频短语】

·识记 1·

1. add to　　　　　　　　　     增添

2. attend a ceremony    出席仪式

3. come into being     形成; 产生; 出现

4. culture shock      文化冲击

5. crowd into      涌入

6. cooperate with sb.     与某人合作

7. dress up      穿上盛装; 乔装打扮

8. date back to/date from       追溯到

9. follow a custom     遵循习俗

10. get together     聚集

·识记 2·

1. in memory of    为了纪念

2. in honour of     为了纪念; 为向……表示敬意

3. look forward to    盼望

4. mix sth. with sth.    将……与……混合

5. make it a rule to do sth.  使做某事成为规定

6. on special occasions  在特殊的场合

7. originate from    起源于……

8. pass down from generation to generation

       一代一代传下来

9. refer to      涉及

10. the majority of    大多数

【佳句品读】

1. With these books, I hope that all of you can know more about Chinese history and culture.

通过这些书籍, 我希望你们能更多地了解中国的历史和文化。

2. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.

中秋节在中国农历八月十五日。

 3.  In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.

除了这些传统的活动外, 我们还有很多的选择, 比如旅游、拜访亲戚或朋友。

4. At midnight, they set off fireworks to welcome the new year. 在午夜, 他们放烟花来迎接新年。

 5. Festivals make us reunite, making all in high spirits. 节日让我们团聚在一起, 使大家兴高采烈。

6. It’s believed that the moon is a symbol of reunion, luck and fortune.

人们认为月亮是团圆、运气和财富的象征。

7. In addition, not only should we spend some time with our family during festivals but it is these festivals that remind us to spend more time with our family.

另外, 我们不仅应当在节日期间花时间和家人在一起, 而且这些节日也提醒我们要多陪伴家人。

8. Personally, the Western festivals are romantic and exciting.

我个人认为, 西方的节日是浪漫的和刺激的。

9. On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have big meals.

在除夕, 家庭成员聚在一起吃大餐。

10. As Teachers’ Day is approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

随着教师节的临近, 今年为了换一种方式来庆祝这个重要的日子, 我们班决定举办一场晚会。

11. Culture plays an important part in language learning. 文化在语言学习中扮演重要角色。

12. It is high time for us to treasure and protect cultural relics.

到我们珍惜和保护文化遗产的时候了。

13. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. 在我看来, 必须采取一些措施有效地保护传统文化。

14. The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

龙舟节, 也叫端午节, 在农历五月初五庆祝。

15. At that time, children are the happiest because they can get many red packets from their parents, grandparents and so on.

那时候, 孩子是最高兴的, 因为他们可以从父母、祖父母等长辈那里拿到很多红包。

16. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the Lantern Displays would last three days.

在七世纪唐代初期, 花灯展会一直持续三天。

17. The Chinese Spring Festival has a long history, which is nearly 4, 000 years old.

中国的春节历史悠久, 有接近4 000年的历史了。

18. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on the Double Ninth Festival.

在重阳节晚辈会带老人到郊外或送给老人礼物。

19. As far as I am concerned, celebrating Western festivals is a good way to learn about Western culture, which helps to promote the understanding and communication between Chinese and people of Western countries.

在我看来, 庆祝西方节日是了解西方文化的好途径, 有助于促进中西方国家人们之间的理解与交流。

20. However, we should make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional festivals. 然而, 我们应该努力保护和丰富我们自己的传统节日。

【题型突破专练】

一、阅读理解

1

In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It’s a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, special candles and lamps.

In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, success, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colourful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine Jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheap items such as clothes or household goods.

The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides opportunity to get rid of bad luck from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called Rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.

The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessing of the goddess. As the sun sets, people light up their homes with small lamps and enioy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.

The fourth day of the festival is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.

And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Dooi. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.

For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get an entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country’s favorite celebrations.

1. From the beginning of this passage, we know________.

A. the celebration of Diwali lasts a week 

B. Diwali starts from Monday and ends on Friday

C. Diwali is celebrated for five days 

D. the festival is held on weekend

2. People celebrate the first day of Diwali for________.

A. good fortune B. colourful lanterns

C. expensive jewelry D. traditional designs

3. The probable purpose of creating Rangoli on the floor is________.

A. to produce an opportunity in business B. to help drive away something unpleasant

C. to design traditional patterns D. to make colored powder or sand

4. What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival?

A. Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.

B. Be busy decorating his home during the day.

C. Light his home with small lamps.

D. Get together with his brothers and sisters.

5. Which of the following may NOT be a reason for childrens love of Diwali?

A. Having a week off. B. Getting Christmas gifts.

C. Enjoying amazing food. D. Setting off fireworks.

2

In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and “bindi” is the one that is most commonly known.Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.

The position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot means piety（虔诚）and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer’s thou ghts.

Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife’s eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.

6. Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead?

A. To stress their family background.

B. To indicate their social rank.

C. To show their religious belief.

D. To display their financial status.

7. What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition?

A. To help the other eyes see better.

B. To look to the distance.

C. To see the outside world.

D. To pay respect to God.

8. Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?

A. The word “bindi”means “red” in some Hindi dialects.

B. Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife.

C. The red dot represented the blood of God.

D. Red stood for a wife’s love for her husband.

9. Which of the following statements is true about bindis today?

A. Bindis are now used to make people look better.

B. Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.

C. Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore.

D. More men than women wear bindis in India.

3

Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. Her hometown Zaidai Village in Guizhou, southwestern China, is home to the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group.

The Grand Song of Dong dates from more than 2,500 years ago. The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment. Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.”

Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. As a Dong saying goes, “Rice feeds the body and songs enrich the soul”. The Dong people sing right from their childhood. While not singing, they all work in their rice field.

Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas. “The songs are our means of passing on wisdom, knowledge and life experiences to others. I will not exist in this world 100 years later, but Grand songs will. I’m honored to do this job, ” Guanmei said.

Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years. Now she has more than 300 students. Guanmei is pleased to see the village children come to her house willingly when they have free time.

“Nowadays, more and more young people leave the village and settle in cities. Decades later, the Dong children out of the village might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. It’s our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei.

10. What makes the Grand Song of Dong known as “the sound of Nature”?

A. The outstanding conductor.

B. The special musical instrument.

C. The attractive natural environment.

D. The inspiration from nature.

11. What can we know about the Dong ethnic culture?

A. The Dong singers are professionals.

B. The Dong culture before 1958 has been largely lost.

C. Singing is of vital importance to the Dong people.

D. They have a written language with a history of over 2,500 years.

12. How does Guanmei feel about the future of Grand songs?

A. Concerned. B. Sympathetic.

C. Optimistic. D. Satisfied.

13. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

A. To call on young people to return to the Dong village.

B. To guide the Dong children to learn the Grand Song of Dong.

C. To show a woman’s efforts to keep the Dong culture alive.

D. To instruct people to appreciate the Grand Song of Dong.

4

The shadow play is a typical traditional entertainment that has survived and thrived over the centuries. It is taken as an earliest ancestor of modern cinema.

Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wu of Han was very depressed about the death of his favorite concubine (妃子). To help him get over his sadness, a minister made a puppet out of cotton and silk in the likeness of the concubine and projected its shadow on a curtain for the emperor to see. The show brought the emperor some comfort. He somehow believed the shadow was his lover's spirit. This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play.

One mouth tells stories of thousands of years; a pair of hands operate millions of soldiers. This is how the shadow puppeteer works. Nicknamed “the business of the five”， a shadow play group is made up of five people. One operates the puppets, one plays a suona and a yueqin, one plays the banhu, one is in charge of percussion (打击乐器) instruments, and one sings.

During performances, “actors” are held close to a white curtain with their colored shadows cast on it by a strong light from behind. The operator plays five puppets at the same time, each of which has three threads. Ten fingers handle fifteen threads. Moved by guiding sticks, the puppets play roles with musical accompaniment. The popularity of the shadow play in some way lies in the equipment being light and easy to carry, the small number of people needed for a performance, and the flexible requirements for performance places. The plays can be quite dramatic and, when it comes to myths or kung fu stories, the “actors” may be made to ride on clouds or perform unusual feats, to the great enjoyment of the audience, especially children.

The design of the figures follows traditional moral evaluation. The audience can tell a figure's character by seeing his mask. Like the masks in Beijing opera, a red mask represents loyalty and bravery, a black mask, integrity (正直) and selflessness, and a white one, wickedness and betrayal.

Nowadays, the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism.

14. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. A love story of Emperor Wu of Han.

B. How to please an emperor.

C. The origin of the shadow play.

D. How to make a cotton puppet.

15. According to the author, the audience may take great pleasure ________.

A. when roles are played without music

B. because the equipment is light to carry

C. when the puppets give lively performances

D. because the number of the operators is small

16. What is the best title for the text?

A. The Rapid Development of Beijing Opera

B. Shadow Puppetry: A Traditional Art

C. The Business of the Five: A Shadow Play Group

D. Traditional Characters and Masks in Beijing Opera

17. What is the author's attitude towards the future of the shadow play?

A. Negative. B. Doubtful.

C. Positive. D. Unconcerned.

二、完形填空

Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal town. The little    18   houses face the sea. The sunlight warms their beauty. But, look carefully and you’ll see many things that seem   19   ...but they’re not.

This fishing village is full of trompe l’oeil — an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be. While some flowers die, others live for years. Why? Because they’re    20    on the building!

Trompe l’oeil has been around for centuries.    21   , Camogli’s fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs, so that they could see their homes    22    from the water. Then,in the 1700s, it became a way to make small, simple buildings look    23    and high-valued.

And today? There are still many trompe l’oeil houses in villages like Camogli, but only a few artists are    24    to paint them. Carlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it.

His    25    are often people who want to improve their home’s    26   . But for Carlo trompe l’oeil’s purpose is to bring something    27    to a new place, such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.

Carlos painting style    28    the past. He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand. He does so for one reason: to protect the trompe l’oeil    29   . He also believes this art should be    30    everywhere.

Fortunately, in Camogli, local art and culture are still    31   . But remember, don’t always    32    your eyes!

18. A. colored B. crowded C. damp D. wooden

19. A. fancy B. novel C. real D. valuable

20. A. carved B. pressed C. painted D. planted

21. A. Creatively B. Mistakenly C. Frequently D. Originally

22. A. closely B. easily C. happily D. hopefully

23. A. comfortable B. complicated C. grand D. harmonious

24. A. allowed B. available C. responsible D. introduced

25. A. designers B. followers C. customers D. partners

26. A. appearance B. capacity C. convenience D. privacy

27. A. civilized B. faraway C. natural D. unexpected

28. A. comes from B. brings about C. goes against D. leaves out

29. A. artists B. buildings C. paints D. traditions

30. A. accepted B. discussed C. learned D. seen

31. A. changing B. alive C. diverse D. unique

32. A. believe B. block C. widen D. cheat

三、语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

The lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male and a female, are 33.  (common) seen in front of the gates of traditional buildings. The lion 34.  (regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power. The stone lions are also used to indicate the 35.  (rank) of officials. It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted 36.  the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty with 37. introduction of Buddhism into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion, 38.  can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a holy animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of 39.  (brave), power and good luck.It was also popular 40.  (decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason. The 41.  (well) known of these is the Lugouqiao (also as Marco Polo Bridge), 42.  (build) from 1189 to 1192. A famous proverb says, “The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountable.”

四、应用文写作

　　假定你是李华, 你的美国朋友Chris目前在杭州学习汉语, 他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座, 请给他写一封电子邮件, 邀请他来参加。内容包括:

1. 讲座内容: 中国茶文化的历史和传播;

2. 讲座后有交流和品茶活动。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

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