专题16 七选五之议论文类讲义 (应试技巧+思维导图+高考真题+最新模拟)--2022年高考英语第二轮复习七选五狂练

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专题16 七选五之议论文类讲义 (应试技巧+思维导图+高考真题+最新模拟)
--2022年高考英语第二轮复习七选五狂练 解析版
【高考考情】
高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
从近五年七选五全国卷来看，说明文为主，议论文不是常考类型，但也不能忽略。
【文本结构】
阅读理解“七选五”议论文，通常采用三段式文章（three⁃paragraph essay）。第一段导入将要讨论的话题；第二段是文章的主体——正文，作者对某个问题展开具体的论述。该部分可由一段、两段、三段或多段组成，对问题的不同方面展开论述。最后一段是对前文的总结或结论。英语中三段式文章的篇章结构如下图所示：

【解题关键】
记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、经过和结果；然后阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指代、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。
【六大方略】
方略一 | 略读文章抓大意
以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
方略二 | 重点阅读上下句
因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。
方略三 | 看看结构变轻松
在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。
方略四 | 词语复现显神功
作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。
方略五 | 代词逻辑亦管用
我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如：
方略六 | 篇章需要基本功
有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如：

【十大技巧】
技巧一 | 从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二 | 从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however然而等。
技巧三 | 从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四 | 从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的), furthermore而且，此外等。
技巧五 | 从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：firstly第一, 首先secondly第二, thirdly第三in the first place第一，首先for one thing首先等。
技巧六 | 从词汇线索上判断——代词指代
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七 | 从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八 | 从词汇线索上判断——同畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题
技巧九 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【思维导图】


























































【小题狂练一】高考真题示范--议论文类七选五真题
【2019全国II卷】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36. G。考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37. B。考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38. A。考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39. E。考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
40. C。考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。

【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
2 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】1-5 BDCGA
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文，论述积极思考对人产生的各种益处，是应对苦难时期和提高个人生活质量的有效工具。
1. B。设空处前一句对自我对话进行了解释，空后一意为“同时，积极思考能有助于阻止消极的自我对话并开始形成对于问题的积极看法”;结合上下文语境及B项中的 Negative self-talk与空后一句中的 negative self-talks相呼应可知，B项符合语境，故选B项。
2. D。设空处位于段首，属于段落主旨向。通读全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了积极思考的人和悲观主义者各自的特征，介绍了积极思考的益处。结合选项内容可知，D项正好谈到了积极思考对身心具有许多益处，适合作本段主向，故选D项。
3. C。设空处位于段中，分析设空处前后句句可知，设空处为细节支撑句。空前讲到积极思考的作用，空后举例继续说明其作用，根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处与空前一句所表达的意思应该是一致的，且选项C中的＂It”起到了提示作用，指代前面提到的 Positive thinking”，故选C项。
4. G。设空处前一句讲到，相反，悲观主义者往往把问题看作额外压力的来源。分析各选项特点，F项和G项都出现了代词 “They”，刚好与上文的 “Pessimists”对应。再比较二者意可知，G项符合语境，故选G项。
5. A。设空处前一句讲到，积极思考与无知的乐观没有关系，这是对积极思考作进一步的解释及总结。根据上下文语境并结合各选项意思可知，A项符合语境，且A项中的 “It doesn’t”与上文中的“It doesn’t”遥相呼应，故选A。

【2019年北京卷】Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
2 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
5 An A-team may require a balance — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】1-5 BEGDF
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
1. B。上文说大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人。下文说公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项（运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。）切题，故选B。
2. E。下文说他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项（最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。）切题，故选E。
3. G。上文说为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场精彩的表现要求队员们行动相互协调的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项（这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。）切题，故选G。
4. D。上文说一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现，该空承接上文，D选项（球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则）切题，故选D。
5. F。下文说一支一流球队可能需要达到一种平衡，不仅仅有最好的球员，也有一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F选项（建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。）切题，故选F。

【2016北京卷】 The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
5 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】FCAEG
【解析】本文为议论文，文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。
6.考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F项（然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的考量标准来权衡风险和收益。）符含语境，故选F。
7.考查上下文串联。前面提到hunting, fighting or exploring（捕猎、战斗和探索），C项中的those是对这些活动的指代，故选C。
8.考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。
9.考查上下文串联。E项中的when与前句“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的teenage years对应，故选E。
10.考查上下文串联。根据“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，故选G。


【小题狂练二】各地最新七选五模拟试题之议论文专练
【聊城一模】You know that overnight success usually takes at least 10 years? One man said, “My overnight success was the longest night of my life, I spent many days and nights just getting there.” 1 Many people are waiting for their ship to come in---when they’ve not even sent it out of the harbor(海港). You see, winners simply do what losers don’t want to do. 2 Success is mostly just hanging on after others have let go! So the most important trip you’ll make is when you go the extra mile.
Many people who have failed do not know how close they are to success when they give up. 3 One guy said, “The secret to success is to start from doing and to keep on doing.” So don’t give up because your trying times are hard.
4 If we keep doing, we can gain almost anything we want. The American President Calvin Coolidge said, “Nothing can bring success like persistence(坚持). Talent can’t, for there are many talented people who are not successful. 5 Only persistence and determination can give you the power to succeed.” You see, you can succeed just like anyone else, just keep wanting it enough and to keep working for it enough. So why not decide it today to start going the extra mile on the road to your success?
A. They don’t actually fail; they just give up too easily.
B. They made all the efforts without any results.
C. Remember, “Rome was not built in a day.”
D. Education can’t, for the world is full of educated losers.
E. And they keep doing it till they get the success they want.
F. Never forget, it is persistence that matters.
G. Give it all you’ve got and you can never fail.
【答案】1. C 2. E 3. A 4. F 5. D
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是成功不是一朝一夕的事，坚持是实现成功的关键要素。
1. C。根据空前的You know that overnight success usually takes at least 10 years? 你知道一夜成名通常需要至少10年的时间吗?可知此处想要表达的是成功不是一朝一夕的事，故C项（记住，“罗马不是一天建成的。”）符合本段主题，故选C。
2. E。根据空前的You see, winners simply do what losers don’t want to do. 你看，胜利者只是做失败者不想做的事。可知C选项中的they指代前文的winners，且和前文是并列关系，且句意（他们一直这样做，直到他们得到他们想要的成功）联系上下文，故选E。
3. A。根据空前的Many people who have failed do not know how close they are to success when they give up. 许多失败的人不知道当他们放弃的时候离成功有多近。可知A选项中的they指代前文的many people，且语意（他们实际上没有失败;他们太容易放弃了）承接上文，故选A。
4. F。根据文章结构可知，空处填段落的主旨句，根据空后的If we keep doing, we can gain almost anything we want…. Talent can’t, for there are many talented people who are not successful.可知坚持能带来我们想要的一切，天赋不能决定成功，因为有很多有天赋的人并不成功。故F选项（永远不要忘记，坚持才是最重要的）可概括本段内容，且选项中的persistence和下文相呼应，故选F。
5. D。根据空前的Talent can’t, for there are many talented people who are not successful.可知从句子结构上和D项构成排比句，且D选项语意（教育不能，因为世界上到处都是受过教育的失败者）和本段主旨相关，故选D。

【宜春期终】 How to Give Feedback(反馈) That People Will Listen to
If we want to grow as people, we can’t just rely on our own evaluation of how we’re doing. 1 Receiving feedback from others can help us see the bigger picture and show us a path forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you approach this?
2 If you wait until the matter fades from the person’s mind, they might no understand what you’re trying to tell them. Feedback should be clear and well timed, or it’s likely to be ignored.
When you’re giving feedback, it’s important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they’re doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal amount to positive feedback to balance out anything negative. 3
All good feedback shares a few key elements. First, it should help accomplish a specific goal. It’s less useful to tell your friend that their dish tastes “interesting”' than it is to suggest adding a little salt to improve the flavor.
Feedback should also look toward the future. 4 Tell your friend they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big biology exam they failed.
Finally, don’t assume your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. Consider other points of view and keep your ego(自我)under control. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. 5
A. Use actual facts to support the point you are making.
B. We also need to know what other people think about our performance.
C. Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”
D. Don’t take it personally -- it can only help you give better advice next time.
E. The point of giving feedback is to motivate the other person to perform better.
F. You can’t change what’s already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again.
G. If you spot a situation in which sonic feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can.
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．C 4．F 5．D
【解题导语】本文是议论文。文章先说明反馈的重要性，接下来对于反馈所注意的问题进行说明，同时教会人们如何使反馈行之有效。
1．B。上文“If we want to grow as people, we can’t just rely on our own evaluation of how we’re doing.”(如果我们想要成长，我们不能只依赖于自己对自己做得如何的评价，)也就是说，我们也要注意别人的评价。下文“Receiving feedback from others can help us see the bigger picture and show us a path forward to success.” (接受他人的反馈可以帮助我们看得更清楚，为我们指明通往成功的道路。)所以可知，空格处应该是指接受别人的评价。B项“We also need to know what other people think about our performance.”我们还需要知道其他人对我们表现的看法。承上启下，故选B。
2．G。上文“However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you approach this?” (然而，总得有人给出反馈，有时候，这个人就是你。你应该怎么做呢?)可以推知，空处应该是讲如果反馈的人是你，你的正确做法。下文“If you wait until the matter fades from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them.” (如果你等到这件事从人们的脑海中消失，他们可能不明白你想告诉他们什么。)可以推知，空格处应是建议人们及时的对别人进行反馈，而G项“If you spot a situation in which sonic feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can.” (如果你发现声反馈很有帮助，请尽快反馈。)故选G。
3．C。上文“When you’re giving feedback, it’s important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they’re doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal amount to positive feedback to balance out anything negative.” （当你给予反馈时，你要记住，没有人喜欢别人说他们做得不好。确保你给予的积极反馈与消极反馈持平。）说明我们在进行消极反馈时，也要给予一定的积极反馈。而C项Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”（俗话说得好，一勺糖能把药吞下去。）也就是说，给予消极反馈时，再给一定的积极反馈会使人更好地接受。与上文意思保持一致，故选C。
4．F。上文“Feedback should also look toward the future.” (反馈也应该面向未来。说明反馈也要能解决未来发生的事。)下文“Tell your friend they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big biology exam they failed.” (告诉你的朋友，他们应该在课堂上多记笔记，而不是谈论他们应该如何努力学习，以应付生物课考试的失败。)说明不能仅仅只注意到眼前的事情，要有长远解决事情的能力。而F项“You can’t change what’s already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again.” (你无法改变已经发生的事情，但你可以阻止它再次发生。)表达不要只看如今改变不了的事情，要着眼于未来。与上下文保持一致。故选F。
5．D。上文“Finally, don’t assume your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. Consider other points of view and keep your ego under control. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback.” （最后，不要认为你的建议是解决问题的唯一正确方法。考虑其他的观点,保持你的自我控制。你甚至可能得到一些关于你的反馈的反馈。）可以推知，下文应该是表达对于反馈的态度。D项“Don’t take it personally -- it can only help you give better advice next time.” （别往心里去，这只会帮助你下次给出更好的建议。）意思是说，不要对于反馈的反馈太在意，要正视反馈的反馈的作用。承接上文内容，故选D。

【长春一模】Self-esteem means you mostly feel good about yourself. It gives you the courage to try new things or make new friends. With self-esteem, you believe in yourself. You know that good things can happen when you try, Self-esteem helps you when things don’t go your way. It helps you accept mistakes. 1
Make a list of the stuff you’re good at. Can you draw or sing? Are you a good reader? Are you good at a sport? Do you tell a good joke? If you’re having trouble with your list, ask a parent or friend to help you with it.
2 Think of ways you can do some of the things you’re good at every day. You can draw pictures, sing songs and play basketballs etc., which make you have a sense of achievement.
Turn “I can’t” into “I can!” Does the little voice in your head tell you “I’m not good at this” or “I can’t do it”? Or “It’s too hard for me”? That’s you thinking badly of yourself. 3 Think, “I can give it a try,” “I can handle this.” Think, “I’ll give it my best.” Think, “I’ll ask someone to help me do this.”
Try your best. You can feel good about yourself when you give something a good try. 4
Try again. If you miss the soccer goal or lose a library book, you don’t get too mad at yourself. You find a way to do better.
Do something meaningful. Do nice things for parents. Help with meals, clean up, or feed the pet. 5 You get to see that what you do means a lot.
Spend time with people who love you. Do things you enjoy with your parent or family. It helps you know yourself better. And that builds self-esteem.
A. Practice the things you do well.
B. Why not decide to change your mind?
C. Here are some steps beneficial to you.
D. When it happens, you will lack self-esteem.
E. When you try hard, your self-esteem will grow.
F. Doing worthwhile things, you feel good about yourself.
G.T here are other approaches to helping develop your self-esteem.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. F
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了拥有自尊的好处以及如何建立自尊。
1. C。根据下文每一段的第一句话，可知接下来讲了“一些对你有益的步骤”，C选项切题，故选C。
2. A。下文Think of ways you can do some of the things you’re good at every day. You can draw pictures, sing songs and play basketballs etc., which make you have a sense of achievement.说想办法每天做一些你擅长的事情。你可以画画，唱歌，打篮球等，这让你有成就感。由此可知，这一段主要讲了练习你擅长的事情。A选项切题，故选A。
3. B。上文That’s you thinking badly of yourself. 说你把自己想得太糟糕了。下文 Think, “I can give it a try,” “I can handle this.” Think, “I’ll give it my best.” Think, “I’ll ask someone to help me do this.”说想想：“我可以试一试”，“我可以应付得来”。你可以这样想：“我会尽力的。”你可以这样想：“我要找人帮我做这件事。”该空承上启下，B选项“为什么不改变想法呢?”切题，故选B。
4. E。上文You can feel good about yourself when you give something a good try.说当你尝试某件事时，你会自我感觉良好。该空承接上文，E选项“当你努力时，你的自尊会增长”切题，故选E。
5. F。上文Help with meals, clean up, or feed the pet. 说帮忙做饭、打扫卫生或喂宠物。下文 You get to see that what you do means a lot.说你会发现你所做的事情意义重大。该空承上启下，F选项“做有意义的事情，你会自我感觉良好”切题，故选F。

【聊城一模】Are people less or more happy when they get older? A study in 2018 found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after age 50. In fact, it found that by the age of 85, people are happier with their life than they were at 18.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. 1
Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70’s. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70’s and 80’s.  The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. 2
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
3 One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
4 In another study, people in their 80’s reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep. The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems. 5 But except for that, people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.
A. So why will happiness increase with age?
B. Researchers surveyed more than 150,000 American adults.
C. At that time, the people were between the ages of 18 and 85.
D. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50’s.
E. Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.
F. The survey did find an increase during middle age, especially in women.
G. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
1. D 2. G 3. A 4. E 5. F
1. D。设空处位于第二段最后一句,设空前一句 His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. 说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现.所以 36 空仍为压力水平的研究的成果.从下列七个选项中,只有 D 选项说的是压力水平,而且是结论.故答案为 D。
2. G。设空处位于第三段最后一句,此句前一句The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older.说的是随着年龄变老,男人和女人有相似的情绪的模式.所以后一句仍然是说基于男女对比的研究发现.故为 G。
3. A。设空处位于第五段第一句,而且为总领句.根据后面One theory is that, as people get older, they become more than thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. 的总结,说的是人老了之后变得对他们所拥有的事务更加感激,而且能更好地控制情绪等.所以,第一句为什么幸福感会随着年龄增长.正确答案为 A。
4. E。设空处位于第六段第一句,根据后面的句子In another study, people in their 80's reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep.得知,到了人们 80 岁的时候,有最少的睡眠质问题,是随着变老的又一个好处.故答案为 E。
5. F。设空处位于倒数第二句话.前一句 The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.是说,随着年龄额增加,睡眠问题应该增加.而空后有转折词"but"为转折,得知其前一句顺承关系.说的是睡眠问题的增加,故为 F。

【深圳一模】Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people—especially children—not to ask too many questions. 1 In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveries, bring excitement into our lives, and open up new possibilities. 2 For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil(线圈) and a magnet(磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. At first, it wasn’t clear what use this would have, but it actually made electricity available for use in technology, and so changed the world.
3 On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore. While it may be possible for a curious teenager to take a toaster apart and get some sense of how it works, how much do you understand about what happens when you type a website address into a browser? Where does your grasp of technology end and the magic begin for you?
In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. 4 Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. 5 Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
A. It is still not known why learning gives us such pleasure.
B. We are always encouraged to challenge our pre-existing beliefs.
C. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective.
D. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with.
E. However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology.
F. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits.
G. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas.
1. C 2. F 3. E 4. D 5. G
1. C。上文提示“也许你听过‘好奇害死猫’这句老话。这句话经常用来警告人们——尤其是孩子们——不要问太多问题。”再根据下文提示“事实上，研究表明，在决定学生在学校表现如何方面，好奇心和智力同样重要。”承接上下文，C项Yet, it's widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective.(然而，人们普遍认为好奇心确实能让学习更有效。)切题。
2. F。上文提示“好奇心还能引导我们做出意想不到的发现，给我们的生活带来兴奋，并打开新的可能性。”承接上文，F项In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits.(在科学上，以好奇心为基础的研究可以带来意想不到的重要好处。)切题。
3. E。下文提示“在某种程度上，这是因为技术已经变得如此先进，以至于我们中的许多人无法再深入思考事物究竞是如何工作的。”承接下文，E项 However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology.(然而，好奇心目前面临的最大威胁来自科技。)切题。此处关键词是 technology。
4. D。上文提示“我们盯着屏禅看得越多，我们与他人直接交流就越少，再根据下文提示“然后我们觉得我们对一个人已经足够了解，不需要和他们进一步接触。”承接上下文，D项All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with. (我们常常接受社交媒体为我们提 供的人物形象。)切题。
5. G。上文提示“随着我们越来越多地通过社交媒体获取新闻.算法会找出我们喜欢什么，然后把更多的相似信息推送给我们。”再根据下文提示“因此，在21世纪培养好奇心的真正关键，或许是减少对我们这个时代技术工具的依赖。”承接上下文，G项 That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas.(这意味着我们最终会陷入自己的小泡泡里，不再有新的想法。)切题。

【厦门一模】 Experienced-Based E​education
Everyone is familiar with traditional education. You sit in a class and a teacher teaches. This is an important part of development. But at some point, every individual has to take charge of their own education. To do this, one must look at the root of learning. 1 .
Basically, unfamiliar experiences usually add more value than experiences that are familiar.
2 . And we are in a better state to learn something new. Honestly, someone who never experiences the same thing twice will never have a chance to benefit from anything learned. However, new experiences are generally what make people interesting and push them to grow.
High school is a new experience. College is a new experience. However, at some point traditional education becomes repetitive. It is not that you won’t learn anything else, but that the environment is so familiar. 3 .
To solve this, an individual needs to introduce new experiences into their life. You may spend a summer in a different part of the country or learn a new language through trial and error. You can also go to a drive-in movie (or some other entertainment event that is new to you). 4 .
These types of experiences often result in very little “book knowledge”. Instead, they will often provide you with a better understanding of yourself as you experience your reaction to different situations. 5 . It can be invaluable for you to work effectively with others. Becoming a well ⁃ rounded human isn’t something that happens by accident. You can spend your entire lifetime developing your potential.
A. Has education changed so much in the last decade?
B. They will also provide you with a better understanding of others.
C. Those new experiences may not lead to great personal development.
D. These are all things that can stretch and expand your experience in life.
E. This is because unfamiliar experiences require much more of our attention.
F. As a result, you can easily become less aware of your experience and not learn as much.
G. What makes some experiences add great value to our lives while other experiences do not?
1. G 2. E 3. F 4. D 5. B
1. G。句意:是什么使某些经历为我们的生活增添了巨大价值,而其他经历却没有?根据下文Basically, unfamiliar experiences usually add more value than experiences that are familiar.可知, 基本上,不熟悉的经验通常会比熟悉的经验增加更多的价值。故选G。
2. E。句意:因为不熟悉的经历需要我们更多的关注.根据下文And we are in a better state to learn something new. Honestly, someone who never experiences the same thing twice will never have a chance to benefit from anything learned.可知,我们处于更好的状态来学习新知识.老实说,一个从没有经历过两次相同事情的人永远不会有机会从学到的东西中受益。故选E。
3. F。句意:结果,您很容易变得对自己的经验的了解不足,而学不到的东西太多.根据上文However, at some point traditional education becomes repetitive. It is not that you won't learn anything else, but that the environment is so familiar.可知,我们处于更好的状态来学习新知识.老实说,一个从没有经历过两次相同事情的人永远不会有机会从学到的东西中受益。故选F。
4. D。句意:这些都是可以延伸和扩展您的生活经验的事物.根据上文 You may spend a summer in a different part of the country or learn a new language through trial and error. You can also go to a drive-in movie(or some other entertainment event that is new to you).可知,您可能会在该国的其他地区度过一个夏天,或者通过反复试验来学习一种新的语言.您也可以去看电影(或不熟悉的其他娱乐活动).故选D。
5. B。句意:他们还将使您对他人有更好的了解.根据上文Instead, they will often provide you with a better understanding of yourself as you experience your reaction to different situations.可知,相反,当您体验对不同情况的反应时,它们通常会使您对自己有更好的了解。故选B。

【太原一模】You have probably heard the saying, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” Lemons are considered not tasty while lemonade is considered sweet. 1
But when something bad happens, it’s common for most people to complain about life, “ Why me?” That’s like getting a bag of lemons and thinking, “Lemons taste bad! I just want chocolate!” 2 But what if you did something with them? What if you made lemonade? Isn’t it possible to do something similar in a bad situation?
3 Let’s say you’re about to go to the movies, but you discover you have a flat tire(瘪了的轮胎）. You consider this a terrible thing. After all, you’re really looking forward to spending some time with your favorite film stars. Now you’re very worried, hating the tire, the car, and your life. But what if you called AAA(美国汽车协会） to get your tire fixed or caught up on things that you’d been meaning to do? 4 A bad experience can be turned into something good. Almost everything can work itself out into something better. You can’t change what has happened, right? So make the best of it. 5 The easy thing to do is to be disappointed about what has happened and not consider what it could be turned into.
Next time when some bad things happen, stop and think, “How can I turn this around? How can I make it a positive experience?”
A. Here’s an example.
B. I’m not saying it will be easy.
C. The answer to the problem is unique.
D. If you smile to life, it will smile back to you.
E. If you don’t do anything with the lemons, they will go bad.
F. The saying tells you to make the best of a bad situation.
G. What if you did some reading, or had coffee with a friend instead.
【答案】31. F 32. E 33. A 34. G 35. B
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了一次糟糕的经历可以变成一件好事。几乎每件事都可以自己变得更好。因此当一些不好的事情发生时，停下来想想，“我怎么才能扭转这种局面?”我怎样才能让它成为一种积极的体验呢?”
1. F。根据上文You have probably heard the saying, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” Lemons are considered not tasty while lemonade is considered sweet.（你可能听过这样一句话:“当生活给你柠檬时，做柠檬汁。”柠檬被认为不好吃，而柠檬汁被认为是甜的。）可知这句话告诉你要在最坏的情况下也要做最好的打算。故选F。
2. E。根据下文But what if you did something with them? What if you made lemonade?（但如果你对它们做了什么呢?如果你做柠檬水呢?）可推测上文意思为：如果你不处理柠檬，它们就会变坏。故选E。
3. A。根据下文Let’s say you’re about to go to the movies, but you discover you have a flat tire.（假设你要去看电影，但是你发现你的车胎瘪了。）可知是在举例，且Let’s say“比方说”对应A选项中example。故选A。
4. G。根据下文A bad experience can be turned into something good.（一次糟糕的经历可以变成一件好事。）可知表示采取某些行动将上文中糟糕的经历变成一件好的事情。故G选项：如果你读点书，或者和朋友一起喝杯咖啡，会怎么样?符合语境。故选G。
5. B。根据下文The easy thing to do is to be disappointed about what has happened and not consider what it could be turned into.（容易做的事情是对已经发生的事情感到失望，而不考虑它会变成什么。）中easy可对应到B选项：I’m not saying it will be easy.（我不是说这很容易。）符合语境。故选B。

【东城期终】Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech. 1 Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.
Actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of speaking in public, but even powerful speakers like Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D．Roosevelt were nervous before speaking. 2 Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and on occasion forget what they have planned to say. 3 And they still go on to deliver a strong speech. The secret is not to get rid of all of your feelings but to learn to channel and control your nervousness.
Very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the speech. 4 Why? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline (肾上腺素) flowing-and that brings you to speaking readiness.
Many speakers worry that others will notice how nervous they are-and that makes them even more self-conscious and nervous. A young woman reported that she broke out at home before each speech. She was amazed when other students said to her, “You seem so calm when you speak.” 5 Once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of anxiety.
The more experience you get in speaking, the better you become at coping with nervousness. As time goes on, you will come to find that having a group of people listening to you alone is a very satisfying experience.
A. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
B. In fact, it would be harmful if you were not nervous.
C. Try getting feedback from your listeners after a speech.
D. The difference in nervousness among people is a matter of degree.
E. Yet you must learn to cope with nervousness because speaking is important.
F. Others, however, may get butterflies in their stomachs and feel weak in the knees.
G. Perhaps the most important time for coping with nervousness is shortly before the speech.
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．C
【解题导语】本文是议论文。文章通过举例说明了如何应付对于演讲的紧张情绪，以及适度紧张对演讲的益处。
1．E。上文“Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech.”说明大多数人都认为一想到要演讲就感到极度紧张，空格处承上启下，下文“Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.(通过演讲，我们获得了与他人分享我们所想的东西的力量)”说明了演讲的重要性。由此可知，E项“但是你必须学会应付紧张，因为演讲很重要。”承上启下，符合文意。且E项中的“nervousness”与上文一致，“speaking”与下文一致。故选E。
2．D。下文“Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat.(有些人会发抖，出汗，呼吸急促，心跳加快)”介绍了一部分人紧张时的表现。段末“And they still go on to deliver a strong speech.(而且他们还会继续发表强有力的演讲)”又介绍了另一类人紧张时候的表现，这说明人与人之间的紧张程度是不同的。D项“人与人之间紧张表现的不同是一个程度的问题。”符合文意。故选D。
3．F。上文“Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and on occasion forget what they have planned to say.(有些人会发抖，出汗，呼吸急促，心跳加快。当他们讲完演讲时，他们可能会全神贯注于自己，以至于与听众失去联系，时不时地跳来跳去，有时会忘记他们计划要说的话)”说明了一类人紧张的表现。下文“And they still go on to deliver a strong speech.(而且他们还会继续发表强有力的演讲)”说明设空处介绍了另一类人在应对紧张时的表现。F项“然而，另一些人可能会感到胃里七上八下，膝盖发软。”承上启下，符合文意。故选F。
4．B。下文“Why? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline flowing — and that brings you to speaking readiness.(为什么？因为你必须比平时更兴奋一点才能做到最好。一点点紧张会让肾上腺素分泌，这会让你准备好说话)”说明了适度紧张的必要性。又通过文中的“Why?”得知下文是为了解释设空处提出的论点，B项“事实上，如果你不紧张的话是有害的。”符合文意。故选B。
5．C。上文“She was amazed when other students said to her, “You seem so calm when you speak.”(当其他学生对她说：“你讲话的时候看起来很平静”时，她很惊讶)”说明学生的反馈与她的心理预期不同，空格处承上启下，下文“Once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of anxiety.(一旦你成功了意识到你的听众并没有像你想象的那样感觉到你的紧张，你将消除一个不必要的焦虑来源)”说明了演讲后获得反馈的重要性。C项“试着在演讲后从听众那里得到反馈。”符合本段观点。故选C。

【漳州二模】People say water can improve health and memory. But now some experts say that to think drinking water equals health is taking things too far and that hvdration (水合作用）is about the balance between electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and the water in your body.
Then. how much water do you need to drink? Many say you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. Not so, some experts say. ___31___ A 200-pound person who hikes 10 miles in the heat needs more water than a 120-pound office manager in a temperature-controlled building.
___32___ Someone with a heart condition or kidney stones has one level of need. A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药）may need a different amount of water.You may need to change the amount you are drinking if you lave been ill with vomiting or diarrhea.
Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.___33___One popular idea is that caffeine or alcohol will make your body lose much water. But one study showed the effect is not significant.You also get water from what you eat. Fruits, vegetables, and soups all add to the intake of water. Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough. You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.___34___
Electrolytes are essential minerals. ___35___ Some sports drinks ads say you need to add electrolytes to stay healthy. But some experts say that your body produces electrolytes. You may need more water if you exercise a lot during the heat of the day. Otherwise, most people get enough electrolytes from food.
A．Just drink then you are thirsty.
B．They are vital to many functions in the body
C．It gives you more energy and makes you look good.
D．Instead, your body and the activities you attend matter.
E．It is also necessary to set a timetable about when to drink water.
F．The amount of water you need in a day also depends on your health.
G．But when it comes to hydration, any drink can add water to your system.
【答案】31．D 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．B
【解题导语】本文为议论文，首先提出两个关于水的不同观点：饮水能改善健康状况与记忆；饮水并不等同于健康，水合作用是体内电解质与水的平衡。然后从四方面对后者展开论证。
31．D。根据空前“how much water do you need to drink?”引出本段话题：你需要喝多少水。然后提出许多人对此的看法，并被专家否定了。后面对比不同人的需水量，说明了体重及其进行的活动不同，需水量不同，故选D。
32．F。从空后“heart condition”“ kidney stones”(肾结石)“ A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药)”“ vomiting or diarrhea”(呕吐或腹泻)可看出，该段主要在说需水量与个人身体健康状况有关，此空为该段的主旨句，故选F。
33．G。根据空后“You also get water from what you eat.”该句表明人们可以从吃的事物中获取水，其中“also”，说明前面已经提出了一个人体中水的来源，G项“any drink can add water to your system.”符合要求，且与第一句“Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.”连贯，“any drink”与“sugary sodas or fruit juices”对应，故选G。
34．A。根据空前“Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough.”(你的身体会告诉你体内的水是否充足。)“You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.”(你不必思考这个问题也不必增加喝水量。)你口渴的时候就是身体在给你信号，所以你在这个时候喝水就可以了，不必专门去考虑体内的水是否充足，A项符合，故选A。
35．B。根据空后“add electrolytes to stay healthy”表明电解质有利健康，说明电解质在人体内有重要作用，B项符合，“They”对应“Electrolytes”，“vital”对应“essential”，故选B。