专题08 备战2022高考英语阅读题型专项精讲精练之主旨题

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（一）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
1. What can be a suitable title fr the para?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t Children D. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据选段中的“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Prject Wild Thing，一部记录了Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)诞生的电影，Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature t Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
（二）
Dawn Lggins f Lawndale, N.C．is n her way t Harvard, ne f the eight wrld­famus universities in the eastern US.Nbdy encuraged her t study r paid fr her special classes.This girl created her wn future.
The teen was abandned by her family last summer, when her parents and tw sisters mved t Tennessee.She fund herself hmeless and had t spend the night n friend’s sfas.
The schl bus driver learned abut Dawn’s situatin and invited Dawn t mve in with her family. Sn, Dawn had a jb at Burns High Schl.She wrked frm 6 a. m.t 7：40 a. m.befre the first schl bell rang.She swept flrs and picked up trash again in the afternns, befre diving int her studies in the evenings.
Dawn’s hard wrk paid ff.She finished schl with a 3.9 GPA and scred 2, 110 n the SAT.
“There were times when I felt like it wuld be easiest if I gave up, ”the 18­year­ld said. “But it was never in me t give up, because I realized that I was never ging t be successful unless I gt an educatin.”
Even befre Dawn’s family left her, she led a difficult life.Her family was pr and cups f ndles were ften the nly fd. Dawn “studied by candlelight” because her parents culdn’t affrd t pay the electricity bill(电费).
Dawn has nw recnnected with her family.They are prud f her accmplishments(成就)and are attending her high schl graduatin.
1．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Anther Harvard girl B．A girl in candlelight
C．Frm hmeless t Harvard D．The rle f Tiger Mms
【解析】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Dawn Lggins f Lawndale, N.C. is n her way t Harvard, ne f the eight wrld­famus universities in the eastern US. Nbdy encuraged her t study r paid fr her special classes. This girl created her wn future(Dawn Lggins正在去哈佛的路上，哈佛是美国东部八所世界著名大学之一。没人鼓励她学习或支付她的特殊课程的费用。这个女孩创造了自己的未来)”可知，Dawn家里很穷甚至她被家人遗弃，没有人鼓励她学习和给她支付学费，但是Dawn依然通过自己的努力，考上了哈佛大学。因此推断，这篇文章最好的标题是C项“Frm hmeless t Harvard(从无家可归到哈佛)”点明了文章中心。故选C项。

一、主旨题概念及特点
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(tpic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。主题句一般具有三个特点：
1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
二、主旨题的设问形式
1．The subject f the paragraph(passage)is______.
2．The paragraph(passage)deals with______.
3．What tpic iS treated in this paragraph(passage)?
4. The main idea f the paragraph(passage)is
5. Frm the paragraph(passage)we knw that
6. The paragraph (passage)culd be entitled
7. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the paragraph(passage)?
8. What is the authr's main purpse?
三、主旨题解题步骤及方法
(一)常规方法
文章的处理：
扫读各段的TS,寻找中心词。
TS:段落主旨句( Tpic Sentence )的简称，处在每一段的首句、尾句或转折词之后。
中心词:在各段首尾或转折词后频繁重复的部分。
选项的处理：
主旨题的正确选项需符合以下三个条件，即“三出现原则。
1.中心词必须出现。
2.细节或例子内容不出现。
3.无关内容和推理内容不出现。
(二)终极方法
去同存异，比较剩余不同的内容。

例题1：“The Great Gd Place” is a shrt stry by American nvelist Henry James, first published in 1900. Its theme is that peple need a place where they can escape the grind f daily life. This is an idea that Hward Schultz, wh turned the Starbucks cffee chain int an internatinal giant, used in his business strategy.
Within 20 years, Schultz had taken cffee culture frm the streets f Eurpe t almst every city in develped cuntries. Tday, millins f peple a week visit Starbucks lcatins in cuntries glbally. Clearly, these custmers are happy with the "great gd place".
1.What is the main idea f the para?
A．The Starbucks cffee chain riginated in Seattle.
B．Street cafes in Italy usually have far mre custmers than cafes in America.
C．Starbucks are what American nvelist Henry James described “great gd places”。
D．Schultz successfully transfrmed Starbucks int an internatinal giant.
解析：主旨大意题。根据选段中“This is an idea that Hward Schultz, wh turned the Starbucks cffee chain int an internatinal giant, used in his business strategy.(这是把星巴克咖啡连锁店打造成国际巨头的Hward Schultz在他的商业战略中运用的理念)”结合文章整体叙写了Hward Schultz是如何将星巴克咖啡连锁店打造成一家商业巨头的过程。可知，这篇文章的主旨是Schultz成功地将星巴克转变为一个国际巨头公司。故选D。
例题2：I accidentally heard a father and daughter in their last mments tgether at an airprt. They had annunced her plane's departure Standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, "I lve yu. I wish yu enugh." She said," Daddy, ur life tgether has been mre than enugh. Yur lve is all I ever needed. I wish yu enugh, t, Daddy." They kissed gd-bye and she left.
"I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive…I wish yu enugh 'Hells' t get yu thrugh the final 'Gd-bye…
2．What shuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．I Have Challenges AheadB．A Sad Jurney
C．I Wish Yu EnughD．A Sad Father
解析：主旨大意题。根据选段“I accidentally heard a father and daughter in their last mments tgether at an airprt. They had annunced her plane's departure Standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, "I lve yu. I wish yu enugh." She said," Daddy, ur life tgether has been mre than enugh. Yur lve is all I ever needed. I wish yu enugh, t, Daddy." They kissed gd-bye and she left. ”（ 我无意中听到一对父女在机场的最后时刻的对话。他们已经说了她的飞机要起飞了。他站在门口对女儿说：“我爱你。我希望你能知足常乐。”她说：“爸爸，我们在一起生活已经有足够多的时间了。你的爱是我所需要的一切。我也希望你能知足常乐，尽享人生，爸爸。”他们吻别，她离开了。）由此引出文章的主题，要在能够在一起的时候珍惜彼此的时间，并表达爱意，不留下遗憾，所以C选项“I Wish Yu Enugh”符合主题，适合做标题，故选C。
例题3：Once upn a time, the clrs f the wrld quarreled withut stp.
Green said: "Clearly I am the mst imprtant. I am the sign f life and f hpe. I was chsen fr grass, trees and leaves. Withut me, all animals wuld die."
Yellw smiled quietly: "Yu are s serius. I bring laughter, pleasure, and warmth int the wrld. The sun is yellw, the mn is yellw, the stars are yellw. Withut me there wuld be n fun."
Orange started next t blw herself: "I am the clr f health and strength. I may be scarce（稀有的）, but I am precius fr I serve the needs f human life. I carry the mst imprtant vitamins."
Red culd stand it n lnger, shuting ut: "I am the ruler f all f yu. I am bld-life's bld! I am the clr f danger and f bravery. Withut me, the earth wuld be as empty as the mn."
Indig（靛蓝色）spke mre quietly but with just as much determinatin: "Think f me. I am the clr f silence. Yu hardly ntice me, but withut me yu all becme superficial. Yu need me fr balance and inner peace."
…
The clrs went n basting, each cnvinced f his r her wn advantages. Their quarreling became luder and luder.
Suddenly there was a surprising flash f bright lightning and thunder rlled and bmed. Rain started t pur dwn cruelly. The clrs cruched dwn（蹲下）in fear, drawing clse t ne anther fr cmfrt.
In the midst f the lud nises, rain began t speak: "Yu flish clrs, fighting amngst yurselves, each trying t cntrl the rest. Dn't yu knw that yu were each made fr a special purpse, unique and different? Jin hands with ne anther and cme t me." Ding as they were tld, the clrs united and jined hands. The rain cntinued: "Frm nw n, when it rains, each f yu will stretch acrss the sky in a great bw f clr as a reminder that yu can all live in peace. The Rainbw is a sign f hpe fr tmrrw." And s, whenever a gd rain washes the wrld, and a Rainbw appears in the sky, let us remember t appreciate ne anther.
3．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The advantage f clrsB．The symbl f clrs
C．The clr f friendshipD．The types f rainbw
解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述了一则寓言故事，一开始，世界的颜色争吵不休，认为自己是最好的颜色，但在雨的帮助下，它们相互欣赏，团结在一起、携起手来，由敌对关系变成了朋友，友好地在一起成了雨后美丽的彩虹，告诉我们一个道理：要友好相处、记住彼此欣赏，C项“友谊的颜色”为短文的最佳标题。故选C项。
例题4：Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
4：What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The change f native students. B．The imprtance f learning English.
C．The imprvement f native educatin. D．Samuel's wrk fr the native kids.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第选段中“Samuel bnded with his native students and accepted their culture, …S he set up a crwdfunding prject t create a fully equipped 21st-century English classrm with tablets and cmputers.(Samuel与他的本土学生建立了联系，接受了他们的文化……他发起了一个众筹项目，希望建立一个配备电脑、设备齐全的21世纪英语教室)”可知，该段是介绍Samuel为改善学生学习状态和学习环境所做的工作。故选D。
例题5：Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
5：Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
解析：主旨大意题。。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。

（A）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1：Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
（B）
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
1. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies.B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the studyD. An explanatin f the research methd.
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins, and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B。
（C）
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
1．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B．Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D．Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
参考解析：
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees use t cmmunicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。

（A）
Humans have little difficulty recgnizing ne anther. And we knw that n tw faces are exactly alike. Even identical twins have slightly different faces. Each human face is truly unique, and nw we've invented machines that are able t recgnize faces fr numerus purpses.
Gvernments, emplyers and security and plice services are increasingly using facial recgnitin technlgy. This allws them t quickly cnfirm an individual's identity. Systems are becming s advanced that a wanted criminal can instantly be picked ut f a crwd f thusands f peple. All that's required is an image in a database t cmpare with the image f any number f peple in a crwd. Ordinary peple, t, are using facial recgnitin t unlck their phnes, their cmputers and ther devices.
Persnal facial recgnitin prtectin has several benefits. It is instantaneus, and it relieves us f the need t memrize passwrds. Hwever, a device will require a passwrd in the rare event that it desn't, fr whatever reasn, recgnize the user's face.
There are numerus cncerns abut the use f facial recgnitin. Primarily, the cncern is that it threatens privacy. The installatin f mre and mre cameras in public and private places is nw part f everyday life. This means peple can be bserved and recgnized wherever they g. Cameras may make public spaces safer, but keeping law-abiding(守法的) citizens under cnstant watch is disturbing t many.
In the age f the crnavirus and the widespread wearing f masks, facial recgnitin systems are having sme difficulty. A mask cvers many f the facial data pints used by recgnitin sftware t cnfirm a persn's identity. In respnse, facial recgnitin systems are being trained t use less facial data. That culd affect hw dependable it is as a methd f identity detectin.
1. What's the authr's purpse f writing Paragraph 2?
A. T further explain the imprtance f facial recgnitin.
B. T describe the pwerful functins f facial recgnitin.
C. T list in detail varius advantages f facial recgnitin.
D. T state the unique advanced features f facial recgnitin.
2. Why are sme peple wrried abut the cameras?
A. The cameras may be ccasinally ut f rder.
B. T many cameras disturb peple's daily life.
C. Peple's persnal life might be expsed t thers.
D. The cameras make law-abiding citizens feel stressful.
3. In what aspect will facial recgnitin systems be imprved?
A. Getting mre accurate with less infrmatin.
B. Becming faster with mre facial data.
C. Prtecting persnal infrmatin if necessary.
D. Respnding mre quickly t unexpected events.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The wide ppularity f facial recgnitin.
B. The rapid develpment f facial recgnitin.
C. The benefits f facial recgnitin.
D. The intrductin t facial recgnitin.
参考解析
24. B 【解析】段落主旨题。根据第二段内容可知,作者首先介绍了面部识别技术在多种场景的广泛应用,之后强调了它的速度之快,效率之高,并且使用要求很低,普通人也在广泛使用这项技术,总结起来,这些都是在介绍面部识别技术强大的功能,故B项正确。
25. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Primarily,the cncern is that it threatens privacy""This means peple can be bserved and recgnized wherever they g"以及"but keeping law-abiding citizens under cnstant watch is disturbing t many"可推知,相机的安装有可能会威胁到人们的隐私,即隐私有可能会被暴露,故C项正确。
26. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A mask cvers many f the facial data pints used by recgnitin sftware t cnfirm a persn's identity. In respnse, facial recgnitin systems are being trained t use less facial data"可知,面部识别下一步的提升方向就是用更少的数据获得更精确的结果。
27. D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章前两段整体介绍了面部识别技术的概况,后三段介绍了其优缺点以及可提升的方向,即全文主要是介绍面部识别技术,故D项符合题意。
（B）
Have yu wndered hw dgs became man's best friends? On Octber 30, a study published in the nline jurnal Science revealed mre infrmatin abut the histry between dgs and humans, dating back thusands f years.
Frm previus studies, it was knwn that smetime between 15,000 t 40,000 years ag,humans first encuntered a friendly gray wlf, and that frever changed the relatinship. The dgs f tday are descendants f and were dmesticated (別养) frm gray wlves.
Greger Larsn frm the University f Oxfrd, alng with an internatinal team, examined the genmes (genetic makeup) f 27 ancient dg species frm remains dating back 800 t11,000 years ag. The team discvered that 11,000 years ag, there were five distinct species f dgs frm Nrthern Eurpe, the Near East, Siberia, New Guinea, and the Americas. It turned ut that tday's dg species can trace their ancestry(祖先) t ne f these five ancient species. Fr example, the chihuahuas are descendants f ancient dgs frm the Americas, while the huskies are descendants f the Siberian breed. The team als fund that mst f the mdern Eurpean dg breeds cme frm tw breeds - Nrthern Eurpe and the Near East. And finally, the five species trace their rigin t ne ancient species f wlf.
The scientists fund remains f dg species in Eurpe are riginally frm the Near East. This led them t cnclude that humans traveled with their dgs as they migrated frm ne area t anther. These dgs were brught as cmpanins r t act as guard dgs r hunting dgs.
Finally, with dgs and humans living tgether, the tw als develped similar characteristics such as the ability t digest high-starch diets. When tw species adapt t an envirnment in similar ways, it is knwn as "cnvergent (趋同的)evlutin".
As yu can see, this study is already changing what we knw abut ur favrite cmpanin. We cannt wait t hear what else scientists unearth!
1. Where did the huskies riginate frm?
A. Nrthern Eurpe. B. The Near East. C. Siberia.D. New Guinea.
2. Hw did the researchers find the facts abut the five distinct species f dgs?
A. By tracing the ancestry.B. By examining the genmes.
C. By bserving the remains.D. By referring t previus studies.
3. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 f the passage?
A. Humans traveled t Eurpe with their dgs' remains.
B. Dg species nce migrated frm Eurpe t the Near East.
C. Humans migrated frm the Near East t Eurpe in histry.
D. Humans nly migrated with hunting dgs frm area t area.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. Five Distinct Species f Ancient Dgs.
B. Lng Relatinship Between Dgs and Humans.
C. Cnvergent Evlutin f Dgs and Humans.
D. Hw Dgs Were Dmesticated frm Gray Wlves.
参考解析
29. C 【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的关键词huskies可定位解题信息至第三段中的“the huskies are descendants f the Siberian breed",由此可知哈士奇源于西伯利亚。
30. B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段前两句可知,研究小组通过对800到11000年前的27种古代狗的遗體进行基因检测后发现11000年前有五种不同的狗。
31. C 【解析】推理判断题。第四段第一句提到科学家发现欧洲狗类的遗骨源于中东,第二句提到他们由此断定人类带着狗在不同地区间迁徒,把这两句结合起来可以推断出人类在历史上曾经从中东迁徒到欧洲,故C项正确。
32. B 【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文,再结合第一段中的”revealed mre infrmatin abut the histry between dgs and humans",第二段中的"and that frever changed the relatinship"和最后一段的内容可概括出文章的主旨,即研究小组揭示了人与狗在进化过程中所形成的关系。
（C）
Researchers at CU Bulder have develped a wearable device that changes the human bdy int a bilgical battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enugh that yu can wear it like a ring, sprt band r any ther thing that tuches yur skin. It als taps int a persn's natural heat-emplying thermelectric generatrs t change the bdy's internal temperature int electricity. "In the future, we want t be able t pwer yur wearable electrnics withut having t include a battery," said Jianliang Xia, an assciate prfessr at CU Bulder.
The cncept may sund like smething ut f The Matrix film series, in which a race f rbts have enslaved humans t harvest their precius rganic energy. Xia and his clleagues aren't that ambitius: Their devices can generate abut 1 vlt (伏特) f energy fr every square centimeter f skin space-less vlt per area than what mst existing batteries prvide but still enugh t pwer electrnics like watches r fitness trackers.
Scientists have previusly experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xia's is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative t traditinal electrnics. "Whenever yu use a battery, yu're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need t replace it," Xia said. "The nice thing abut ur device is that yu can wear it, and it prvides yu with cnstant pwer."
Just pretend that yu're ut fr a jg. As yu exercise, yur bdy heats up, and that heat will radiate ut t the cl air arund yu. Xia's device captures that flw f energy rather than let it g t waste. "The thermelectric generatrs are in clse cntact with the human bdy, and they can use the heat that wuld nrmally be sent int the envirnment," Xia said.
1. What des Xia expect f his device at present?
A. It will be used fr medical purpses.
B. It will be made smaller and wearable.
C. It will change natural pwer int electricity.
D. It will supply cnstant pwer t wearable devices.
2. Why des the authr mentin The Matrix series in the text?
A. T give an explanatin.B. T make a cmparisn.
C. T intrduce a tpic.D. T analyze the cause.
3. What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. The strengths f Xia's device.
B. The cnvenience f using a battery.
C. The replacement f wearable devices.
D. The develpment f traditinal electrnics.
4. What d we knw abut Xia's device frm the text?
A. It perates with plenty f pwer.
B. It is designed fr practical use.
C. It benefits peple's health in a way.
D. It's based n traditinal electrnics.
参考解析
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In the future, we want t be able t pwer yur wearable electrnics withut having t include a battery(未来，我们希望能够无需电池为可穿戴电子设备供电。)”可知，Xia希望自己团队的这个发明将来能够给人们随身佩戴的各种设备提供不竭的动力，而不使用传统电池。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Xia and his clleagues aren’t that ambitius(Xia和他的同事们没有那么雄心勃勃)”可知，作者提及电影《黑客帝国》系列是为了把这项新发明同该电影里机器人对生物能源的利用目的做对比。故选B。
3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“heal itself when damaged(受损后可以自我修复)”; “fully recyclable(完全可回收)”及“prvides yu with cnstant pwer(给你源源不断的能量)”。可知，该段主要讲述Xia团队的这个发明的优点。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Xia团队的这个发明在人们快步走时就能发挥功能，提供的电力足可以媲美人们通常佩戴的手表电池，因此这是一项非常有实际利用价值的发明。故选B。目录
内容
Sectin A
高考真题练手
Sectin B
解题技巧及步骤梳理
Sectin C
例题练习及讲解
Sectin D
课堂限时训练
Sectin E
课后练习巩固