专题 11 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列十一）

这是一份专题 11 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列十一），共7页。

文章2：高中生疫情期间自立自强
文章3：昆曲表演艺术家王芳
文章4：汤加火山爆发
（一）
全球首个可繁殖机器人问世！
数十亿年来，生物体为了延续生命，已经进化出多种繁衍方式。近日，美国的科学家们利用非洲爪蟾的胚胎干细胞，创造了有史以来第一个可自我繁殖的活体机器人。该机器人未来或可为外伤、先天缺陷、癌症、衰老等提供更直接、更个性化的药物治疗。
阅读短文并回答问题
T persist, life must reprduce. Scientists at the University f Vermnt, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute fr Bilgically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discvered an entirely new frm f bilgical reprductin and applied their discvery t create the first-ever, self-replicating（自我复制的）living rbts.
Named Xenbts after the African clawed frg frm which scientists take their stem cells, the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide — small enugh t travel inside human bdies. They can walk and swim, survive fr weeks withut fd, and wrk tgether in grups. They even have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced int ne rbt, it healed by itself and kept mving.
The Xenbts culd ptentially be used tward a hst f tasks. Xenbts culd be used t clean up radiactive waste and cllect micrplastics in the ceans. Sme Xenbts had hles in their center, which culd ptentially be used t transprt drugs r medicines. Traditinal rbts “degrade（降解）ver time and can prduce harmful eclgical and health side effects,” researchers said in the study, which was published in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences. As bilgical machines, Xenbts are mre envirnmentally friendly and safer fr human health. Aside frm these immediate practical tasks, Xenbts culd als help researchers t learn mre abut cell bilgy — pening the drs t future advancement in human health and lngevity.
While the prspect f self-replicating bitechnlgy culd spark cncern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely cntained in a lab and easily destryed, as they are bidegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are pssible if we take advantage f this kind f plasticity（可塑性）and ability f cells t slve prblems,” said Jshua Bngard, ne f the lead researchers at the University f Vermnt.
1. Which f the fllwing best explains “regenerative” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Fighting disease.
B. Replacing ld cells.
C. Self-cleaning regularly.
D. Recvering and grwing again.
2. What can we learn abut Xenbts frm paragraph 3?
A. They can be widely applied t curing diseases.
B. They can serve well the research n human health.
C. They are specially designed t cllect radiactive waste.
D. They are harmless t the envirnment by degrading plastics.
3. What is Bngard’s attitude twards the self-replicating bitechnlgy?
A. Dubtful.
B. Psitive.
C. Indifferent.
D. Ambiguus.
4. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. The inventin f the first self-reprductin rbts.
B. An applicatin f a machine in medicine.
C. The trend f develping bitechnlgy.
D. An experiment n African clawed frgs.
【参考答案】：DBBA
【单词】
1. persist v. 维持；继续存在
2. lngevity n. 长寿
3. spark v. 引发
4. bidegradable adj. 可生物降解的
【短语】
1. stem cells 干细胞
2. slice int 切成……
3. a hst f 许多
4. radiactive waste 放射性废弃物
5. aside frm 除……以外
【长难句】
While the prspect f self-replicating bitechnlgy culd spark cncern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely cntained in a lab and easily destryed, as they are bidegradable and regulated by experts.
分析：“While the prspect…culd spark cncern”为让步状语从句；“that the living machines…and regulated by experts”为宾语从句，其中，“as they are…by experts”为原因状语从句。
译文：虽然自我复制生物技术的前景可能会引发人们担忧，但研究人员表示，这些活体机器完全被控制在实验室中，很容易被摧毁，因为它们是可生物降解的，并且由专家进行监管。
【知识拓展】
cell bilgy
细胞生物学，是研究和揭示细胞基本生命活动规律的科学，它从显微、亚显微与分子水平上研究细胞结构与功能，例如细胞增殖、分化、代谢、运动、衰老、死亡，以及细胞信号转导，细胞基因表达与调控，细胞起源与进化等重大生命过程。
（二）
高中生疫情期间自立自强
新冠疫情不仅对人们的身心健康造成了威胁，同时对世界经济也造成了重创。作为社会中的一部分，许多家庭正在遭受疫情带来的各种冲击，艰难度日。美国的一位高中生在面临疫情带来的种种困扰时，没有气馁，而是用自己的力量支撑自己的家庭，同时回馈社会。
阅读短文并回答问题
Maria and her parents mved t the US frm Brazil ne year befre the pandemic（流行病）. Better educatin pprtunities lay ahead, and they were excited t get Maria int an American high schl t prepare fr cllege.
Each parent gt a jb, and Maria started studying. She als signed up fr a service club because she wanted t meet peple, practice her English and be a part f the cmmunity. “I lve t serve,” Maria says. “I think it is my thank-yu fr the pprtunities I have.”
She wrked at the lcal fd bank with ther kids f her age, rganizing bags fr families wh were having a hard time making ends meet. But when the pandemic hit, she fund herself at the fd bank fr anther reasn: t bring hme grceries t her parents. “We were all shcked when my mther lst her jb. My friends at the fd bank gt me thrugh it,” Maria said.
Luckily, her father kept his jb. And with classes mving nline, Maria was able t secure a full-time jb and d her class wrk at night. Three f her curses were cllege prep classes that demanded a lt f wrk. During her senir year, Maria wrked 40-hur weeks and studied even mre. Yet, in her spare time, she packed fd bags fr thers befre taking hers hme.
Just befre graduatin, Maria came int the fd bank. One f the vlunteers started getting a bag ready fr her. “I dn’t need ne tday,” Maria said. “My mther gt a jb. I’m here t help.”
Maria supprted her family fr eight mnths. She graduated n time and gt schlarship ffers frm three different clleges. She mved t part-time wrk and has cmpleted her first semester f cllege.
1. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. When Maria decided t g t the US.B. Hw Maria managed t get a jb.
C. Why Maria jined the service club.D. What Maria did t help her family.
2. What allwed Maria t wrk full time during the pandemic?
A. Leaving the fd bank.B. The help frm her friends.
C. Taking curses nline.D. The supprt frm her parents.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Maria’s great effrts paid ff.
B. Maria des very well in cllege.
C. Maria likes ding part-time jbs.
D. Maria’s family gave her lts f help.
4. What gd qualities des Maria have?
A. Lyal and reliable.B. Diligent and dedicated.
C. Ambitius and creative.D. Just and knwledgeable.
【参考答案】：CCAB
【单词】
semester n. 学期
【短语】
sign up 报名参加
make ends meet 收支相抵
（三）
昆曲表演艺术家王芳
王芳，两度摘得中国戏剧梅花奖，还获得了文华表演奖，是当代昆曲艺术的代表性人物。在数十年的坚持与守望中，她见证了昆曲这一现存的中国最古老的剧种之一的艺术的衰微、复苏与再度繁荣。让我们一起来看看这位艺术家的故事吧！
阅读短文并回答问题
Wang Fang, a Suzhu native, has given her heart and sul t Kunqu Opera. Wang, wh has twice wn the Plum Perfrmance Award — China’s tp award fr theater and pera perfrmances — started t learn the traditinal art frm in 1977.
Brn with a meldic vice, Wang lved t sing and dance when she was little. She perfrmed frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhu Kunqu Opera Trupe（剧团）when she was in middle schl. Hwever, her parents refused the trupe’s invitatin, insisting that she shuld cncentrate n her studies and nt drp ut f schl. After members f the trupe visited the parents repeatedly and shwed great sincerity, Wang’s parents finally agreed.
Learning the traditinal art frm was never easy. She started t learn hw t prnunce wrds, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artists rles at first, she had t spend extra time practicing kung fu mvements. Years later, Wang used the wrd “unimaginable” t describe hw hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She was saked in sweat when practicing mvements in summer, while in winter she ften had chilblains（冻疮）n her hands when training in shabby classrms with brken windws. “But I was yung and determined at the time. N matter hw difficult, I always gt up early the next mrning t practice,” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did nt lve Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s, when she watched the shw Peny Pavilin perfrmed by Zhang Jiqing, a master f the art frm, it clicked. “I was shcked,” Wang says. “Her every mvement was full f elegance and delicacy. Each f her lines and sngs was perfect. I was verwhelmed（难以禁受）by the beauty f Kunqu fr the first time in my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Nw, Wang has herself becme a master f Kunqu. Her perfrmances have impressed generatins f audiences and helped t prmte the art frm amng yung peple.
1. Why did Wang’s parents turn dwn the trupe’s invitatin at first?
A. They didn’t think Wang had artistic talent.
B. They saw n future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C. They didn’t want Wang t ignre her studies.
D. They regarded members f the trupe as insincere.
2. What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. Wang has made great effrts t learn Kunqu well.
B. Artists shuld be given mre attentin and care.
C. Traditinal culture needs t be further prmted.
D. Wang has played a key rle in the develpment f Kunqu.
3. What changed Wang’s attitude twards Kunqu Opera?
A. Winning the Plum Perfrmance Award.
B. Jining the Suzhu Kunqu Opera Trupe.
C. Watching Zhang’s masterly perfrmance.
D. Being greatly admired by the audiences.
4. What des Wang’s stry shw us?
A. It is never t late t learn.B. Rme was nt built in a day.
C. Ding is better than saying.D. Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.
【参考答案】：CACB
【单词】
1. recruit v. 吸收（新成员）
2. sak v. 浸泡；浸湿；浸透；湿透
【短语】
1. cncentrate n 集中时间做某事
2. drp ut f schl 退学
3. martial artist 武术家
【知识拓展】
1. Kunqu Opera
昆曲，原名“昆山腔”，是中国古老的戏曲声腔、剧种，现又被称为“昆剧”。昆曲是汉族传统戏曲中最古老的剧种之一，被称为百花园中的一朵“兰花”。昆曲发源于14世纪中国的苏州昆山，后经魏良辅等人的改良而走向全国，自明代中叶以来独领中国剧坛近300年。昆曲在2001年被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作”。
2. Plum Perfrmance Award
中国戏剧奖·梅花表演奖是中国戏剧表演艺术最高奖，每两年一评，旨在表彰在表演艺术上取得突出成就的中青年戏剧演员。
3. Peny Pavilin
《牡丹亭》是明代剧作家汤显祖的代表作，描写了杜丽娘与柳梦梅的爱情故事，体现了青年男女对自由爱情生活的追求。《牡丹亭》几乎成为昆曲之代名词——昆腔巍然曲宗，牡丹艳冠群芳，不到园林，怎知春色如许？
（四）
汤加火山爆发
南太平洋岛国汤加于1月14日、15日连续两天发生剧烈火山喷发。火山喷出的气体、烟雾和灰烬像核爆蘑菇云一样从蓝色的太平洋海域升起，直冲天际。由于互联网和通讯网络全部中断，汤加长时间处于“失联”状态，目前无法报告详细的伤亡人数。
阅读短文并回答问题
The Pacific island f Tnga was struck by huge vlcanic explsin n January 15, 2022, which was fllwed by a tsunami（海啸）that flded the regins f the capital, Nuku’alfa. Witnesses reprted ash was falling ver the capital, and scial media images shwed water flding int a church and many residences. Lcal residents had t flee t higher grund when the tsunami warning was issued.
The capital f Tnga is arund 65 kilmetres nrth f the vlcan. The vlcan’s plumes f gas, smke, and ash stretched 20 kilmetres int the sky, accrding t Tnga Gelgical Services. Accrding t authrities in Suva, the eight-minute eruptin was s pwerful that it culd be heard as “lud thunder sunds” mre than 500 miles away. Strm surges have been predicted in New Zealand, which is mre than 2300 kilmetres away frm Tnga.
Internet and phne lines went dwn after the vilent vlcanic eruptin, leaving the 105,000 residents n the islands almst uncntactable. All cmmunicatin t the utside wrld in Tnga is affected due t damage t the undersea cable（电缆）. Digicel, a Jamaican phne cmpany that partly wns the Tnga Cable System, said that it might take 24 hurs t restre the imprtant cmmunicatins link befre it culd prvide an update n wrk. The cmpany said it was wrking urgently with lcal authrities t “reslve the damage”, adding that its dmestic（国内的）mbile phne twers were perating acrss the main island f Tngatapu.
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said that the New Zealand gvernment has made an initial sum f 340,000 dllars available t prvide assistance t Tnga. An Australian Air Frce P8 Pseidn aircraft als reached Tnga n January 17. Meanwhile, Chinese Freign Ministry spkespersn said that China is clsely watching the vlcanic eruptins and the disasters including tsunami and vlcanic ash in Tnga, and stands ready t prvide every pssible supprt and assistance at Tnga’s request.
1. What was the impact f the tsunami?
A. An active undersea vlcan erupted.
B. Many peple were injured in the disaster.
C. Lcal residents were frced t mve away.
D. The capital f Tnga was cmpletely flded.
2. What are the figures in paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The reasn fr the vlcanic explsin.
B. The enrmus lsses caused by the disaster.
C. The serius air pllutin due t vlcanic ash.
D. The widespread effect f the vlcanic eruptin.
3. What made Tnga lse cntact with the utside wrld?
A. The undersea cable was destryed.
B. Large phne cmpanies were clsed.
C. Mbile phne twers were brken dwn.
D. The vlcanic ash interrupted the cmmunicatins.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Different cuntries’ supprt fr Tnga.
B. The way f predicting a natural disaster.
C. The difficulty f pst-disaster recnstructin.
D. Vlcanic eruptins’ influence n glbal climate.
【参考答案】：CDAA
【单词】
plume n. 飘升之物
【短语】
1. vlcanic explsin 火山爆发
2. strm surges 风暴潮
3. cmmunicatins link 通讯链路
4. vlcanic ash 火山灰
5. stand ready t… 随时准备做……
【长难句】
Digicel, a Jamaican phne cmpany that part wns the Tnga Cable System, said that it might take 24 hurs t restre the imprtant cmmunicatins link befre it culd prvide an update n wrk.
分析：“Digicel”为句子主语，“a Jamaican phne cmpany that part wns the Tnga Cable System”作“Digicel”的同位语，其中，“that part wns the Tnga Cable System”为定语从句，修饰先行词“phne cmpany”；“that it might take 24 hurs…imprtant cmmunicatins link”为宾语从句，其中，“befre it culd prvide an update n wrk”为时间状语从句。
译文：Digicel是一家牙买加电话公司，拥有汤加有线系统部分所有权。该公司表示，24小时恢复重要的通讯线路后才可以提供最新工作进展。
【知识拓展】
undersea cable
海底电缆是用绝缘材料包裹的电缆，铺设在海底，用于电信传输。海底电缆分海底通信电缆和海底电力电缆。现代的海底电缆都是使用光纤作为材料，传输电话和互联网信号。