玩转高考题—2021高考英语浙江卷C篇阅读二次开发

2021高考全国浙江卷C篇阅读二次开发

真题试做

If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study

Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.

The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."

"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.

At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.

1. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.

A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces

C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other

2. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?

A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.

B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.

C. Pictures used in the two stages were different

D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.

3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. A suggestion for future studies.          B. A possible reason for the study findings.

C. A major limitation of the study          D. An explanation of the research method.

一：重点词汇

语法填空

1．If you ever get the          （impress） that your dog can "tell" whether you look content         annoyed, you may be onto something.

2．Dogs may indeed be able            （distinguish）between happy and angry human faces, according to           new study

3．The researchers then          （test） the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by            （show）them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training.

4． With our study, we think we can now           （confident）conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human           （face）expressions," Muller told Live Science.

5． .....and this exposure has provided them         many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.

长难句解析

①　To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.

翻译：                                                                        

分析：                                                                        

②　 The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training.

翻译：                                                                        

分析：                                                                        

③　 The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.

翻译：                                                                        

分析：                                                                        

④　Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."

翻译：                                                                        

分析：                                                                        

                                                                                四：相同话题训练

Passage A

As I wash dishes at the kitchen sink, my husband, Scott, paces behind me, annoyed. “Have you seen my keys？” he asks. In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband. But that only made him angrier. Now, I focus on the wet dish in my hands. I don’t turn around. I don’t say a word. I’m using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.

For a book I was writing about animal trainers’ school, I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard. Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband. The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I don’t. After all, you don’t get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by talking. The same goes for the American husband.

I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket. If he threw in two, I’d kiss him. I was using what trainers call “approximations”， rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour. With Scott the husband, I began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, or was on time for anything.

I followed the students to Sea World San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (L. R. S．). When a dolphin does something wrong, the trainer doesn’t respond in any way. The idea is that any response, positive or negative, fuels a behaviour. If a behaviour causes no response, it typically dies away. It was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing. It took a lot of discipline to keep my calm, but results were immediate. I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.

1. What can we learn about the writer from the first paragraph?

A. She treats her husband like animals.

B. She often quarrels with her husband.

C. She behaves differently to her husband.

D. She’s determined to learn from the dolphin.

2. How did the writer get the idea of treating her husband?

A. By rewarding her husband.

B. By writing a book on animals.

C. By watching professional training.

D. By focusing on washing the dishes.

3. What will happen if the trainer doesn’t respond to the dolphin’s mistake?

A. It will feel embarrassed.

B. It will forget the mistake.

C. It will remember its mistake.

D. It will repeat the wrong action.

4. What is the tone of the text?

A. Humorous. 　　　　B. Serious.

C. Aggressive.         D. Doubtful.

Passage B

On December 26,2004,hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park’s beaches.But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something.But what?

What the keepers did not know was that a 30-foot wall of water was headed straight toward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake more than 1,000 miles away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the coast,it caused severe damage.Many people died.The elephants,however,were not swept away by the water.They stood safely on the hill.

Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do.People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,people said they saw tigers,monkeys,and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia,there were few animal deaths.

It’s unlikely that an animal’s so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future.Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,for example,may have picked up vibrations (震动) from within the Earth,a sign that danger was coming.Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.

A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behavior in people’s pets,hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behavior scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo,says,“It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters.It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing.Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?

1.What happened to the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park on December 26,2004?

A.They died in the natural disaster.

B.They were disturbed by the tourists.

C.They moved from the hill to the seaside.

D.They behaved strangely before the tsunami.

2.How did the author present animals’ sixth sense in Paragraph 3?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.By giving examples.

B.By making comparisons.

C.By showing research findings.

D.By telling an interesting story.

3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A.The advantages of being sensitive.

B.The influences of the natural disaster.

C.How animals predict a natural disaster.

D.How elephants make use of their sixth sense.

4.What is Haynes’ attitude towards a warning system?

A.Delighted.   B.Doubtful.     C.Hopeful.   D.Disappointed.