专题14 自然灾害—备战2022高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）

专题14 自然灾害—备战2022高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（学生版）

一：话题词汇过关

1.               n.环境;情况

2.               n.旱灾;干旱

3.                n.地震

4.               n.洪水;泛滥

5.               vt.预报;预告

6.               vt.毁灭;使破产

               v.摧毁;毁灭

7.               adj.严重的;严厉的

8.                adj.暴风雨的

9.               n.雷

10.               dj.未开发的;荒凉的;野生的;野的

11.               adj.恰当的;合适的

               adv.适当地

12.               vt.使震惊

                adj.震惊的

               adj.令人震惊的

13.               adj.短的;矮的

               n.缺少;不足

14.         v.嗅;闻;发出气味　n.气味

              adj.有臭味的;发臭的

15.               vt.围绕;包围

               adj.周围的

               n.环境

16.               v.幸存;幸免;

               n.幸存;存活

17.                n.平衡

               adj.平衡的;均衡的

18.               n.危险

               adj.危险的

19.               vi.消失

                n.消失

20.                vt.使危险

               adj.濒危的

21.               vi.存在

              n.存在;生存;存在物

22.                n.自然;性质;种类

                adj.自然的

23.               n.生物;动物

24.           v.减少;下降;衰退;谢绝

25.               n.灾难;祸患

26.              adj.灭绝的

27.              adj.猛烈的

28.              v.抱怨;埋怨

29.              n.温室

30.               n.栖息地

31.              n.飓风

32.              n.山体滑坡

33.              vi.融化

34.              n.彩虹

35.              n.沙尘暴

36.              adj.恐怖的;吓人的

37.              adj.受潮水影响的;有涨落的

38.              adj.热带的

39.              n.海啸

40              n.台风

41.              adv.蓄意地;审慎地

42.              adj.满是灰尘的

43.              n.恐慌;惊慌

44.              adj.强有力的

45.              n.野生动物

46.               v.(使)恶化

47.              adj.暴力的

              n.暴力行为

48.               n.消耗(量);消费(量);挥霍

49.               n.牺牲品

50.              v.受苦;受难

二：话题短语表达过关

1.                                  与自然和谐共处

2.                                  保持自然平衡

3.                                  正在下降

4.                                  重建某人的家园

5.                                  失去我们的家园

6.                                  搭建;提供住宿

7.                                  突然遭遇(风暴等)

8.                                  每况愈下

9.                                  恢复正常

10.                                  共同努力

                                  认真考虑这件事

11.                                  扑灭(火)

12.                                  对……造成损害

13.                                  前来救某人

14.                                  被困在废墟中

15.                                  陷入困境

16.                                  呼吁人们捐赠

17.                                  造成巨大损害/经济损失

18.                                  自然资源

19.                                  防汛抗旱

20.                                  旱涝并进

21.                                  电力中断

22.                                  受灾地区

23.                                  非法捕猎

24                                  鲸鱼数量急剧减少

25.                                  冲走房屋、道路和桥梁

三：话题句型练笔

1.                                                                           

国家公园有大量的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。

2.                                                                          最近几年自然灾害频发,例如地震、飓风、洪水等,它们严重地危害了人们的生命安全。

3.                                                                          

所有动植物都是重要的,因为每一个物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成,而且对维持生命起着重要的作用。

4.                                                                          

这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。

5.                                                                          

曾经有过一段时期,他们的生活非常艰难。

四：话题阅读训练

（A）

On December 26,2004,hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park’s beaches.But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something.But what?

What the keepers did not know was that a 30-foot wall of water was headed straight toward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake more than 1,000 miles away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the coast,it caused severe damage.Many people died.The elephants,however,were not swept away by the water.They stood safely on the hill.

Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do.People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,people said they saw tigers,monkeys,and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia,there were few animal deaths.

It’s unlikely that an animal’s so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future.Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,for example,may have picked up vibrations (震动) from within the Earth,a sign that danger was coming.Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.

A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behavior in people’s pets,hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behavior scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo,says,“It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters.It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing.Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?

1.What happened to the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park on December 26,2004?

A.They died in the natural disaster.

B.They were disturbed by the tourists.

C.They moved from the hill to the seaside.

D.They behaved strangely before the tsunami.

2.How did the author present animals’ sixth sense in Paragraph 3?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.By giving examples.

B.By making comparisons.

C.By showing research findings.

D.By telling an interesting story.

3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A.The advantages of being sensitive.

B.The influences of the natural disaster.

C.How animals predict a natural disaster.

D.How elephants make use of their sixth sense.

4.What is Haynes’ attitude towards a warning system?

A.Delighted.   B.Doubtful.     C.Hopeful.   D.Disappointed.

（B）

 When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种). It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.

Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

5.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

A.To promote guilt-free fur.

B.To expand the fashion market.

C.To introduce a new brand.

D.To celebrate a winter holiday.

6.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

B.Nutria are an endangered species.

C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.

D.Nutria are illegally hunted.

7.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Boomed.　　               B.Became mature.　　

C.Remained stable.　　        D.Crashed.

8.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

A.It's formal.　　             B.It's risky.

C.It's harmful.　　            D.It's traditional.

五：话题写作训练

（A）

假如你是校报英语栏目的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：

1．时间及地点；

2．讲座内容及主讲人；

3．参加者；

4．收获感想。

                                                                           （B）

假定你是李华,请你根据以下提示向国际野生动物组织写一封投诉信,反映非法捕猎海洋生物的现象。

1.非法捕猎越来越严重;

2.由于在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的对象,五年来它的数目在急剧减少;

3.我们曾经毁掉森林,带来了干旱和洪水;如果不能阻止非法捕猎海洋生物,我们将失去家园。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。