专题042021全国乙卷阅读理解B篇点对点变式训练2022年高考英语全国乙卷点对点变式训练专辑

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专题03  2021全国乙卷阅读理解B篇点对点变式训练（学生版）变式考点早知道考点一高频单词短语句型考点二段落大意题指导及11个片段考点三阅读理解B篇全文翻译考点四阅读理解B篇重点注释第一部分：高考母题再现（2021全国乙卷）When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it). How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their target users.    B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.   D. Their complex design.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.       B. Argue.   C. Remember.  D. Remark.26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.  B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.  B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.  D. It is as important as the gas light. 第二部分：高考母题点对点变式（2021全国乙卷）变式一：高频单词短语句型
1. practically adv 2. quarter n 3. survey n 4. security n 5. emergency n 6. category n 7. factor n 8. makeup n 9. household  adj 10. complex adj 11. identity n 12. necessity  n   13. delivery n 14. rely on 15. in case of emergencies 16. fall into… 17. stick with…18. now and then  19. compared to （插入语）20. have to do with 21. to be honest22. be attached to 23. fall out of use24. daily expenses
变式二：段落大意题变式精练01    Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequency—or RF—radiation is a type known as non-ionizing (非电离的). Unlike X-rays, non-ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as X-rays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.1. What is the paragraph mainly about?How phone signals are delivered. B. How cellphones produce radiation.C. Features of radiation from cellphones. D. Differences between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.变式精练02Standing in the shower waiting for the water to heat up could be a thing of the past, along with all the wasted water. Three and a half years ago, Lindy Honeychurch, a thirty-year-old Australian full-time mum living on a farm outside Launceston, didn't consider herself a very good water saver. Neither did her partner who often complained about it with good reasons. Their farm had to rely on tank water and solar power, which meant water had to be trucked in if the tank water ran out in summer.    "I looked at where I could save because I could lead an easier life without the complaint," she said. Modeling her idea on a car thermostat (恒温器), Lindy used her kids' magnetic (磁的) drawing board to design a device that diverts the cold water back down the hot water pipe. "The first aim when I started designing was to keep it really small and simple without having to use power. I wanted to keep it as something that everyone could use," said Lindy.2. What does the second paragraph mainly about?Lindy's unhappy family B. Lindy's comfortable farm lifeC. The function of Lindy's invention D. The background to Lindy's invention   变式精练03We all know that cars require fuel to run. A majority of cars on the roads run on non-renewable energy. They generally use two major energy fuels: gasoline and diesel (柴油). The fuel has to burn, giving off energy. Along the way CO2, CO, NO2 and SO2 gases are sent out. CO is dangerous, but NO2 and SO2 are equally poisonous and dangerous for humans.3. What is the paragraph mainly about?A. How vehicles pollute.     B. Major fuels for vehicles.C. Why vehicles need to be tested.   D. Poisonous gases given out by vehicles.   变式精练04Sidney talked about his first visit to the store. "I liked reading but when I came here, I loved it," he said. "I wanted everyone to be able to have that experience." Sidney and his mother decided to start a book club for African-American boys to help foster literacy and self-esteem. In September 2016, they founded "Books N Bros".    Today, the club has more than 60 members. It is designed for boys between the ages of 7 and 13. During those years, many boys lose interest in reading, often because they don't see reflections of themselves in literature. At monthly meetings, members discuss a book, eat snacks, and hear guest speakers.4. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A. The young members of the club.    B. General ideas of the club. C. Kids' love for literature.      D. Topics of monthly meetings.变式精练05There is a new kind of glasses that permits people considered legally blind (弱视) to see again. The company eSight invented them. A camera is set in the middle of the glasses; it catches video pictures of whatever is before it. The computer in the glasses immediately deals with the video and shows it on two screens in front of the users' eyes. The video is improved by the glasses' technology so that the user is able to see the picture.5. What is the paragraph mainly about?A. What video pictures the glasses provide.   B. How the electronic glasses work. C. How far a person with the glasses can see.  D. What role the computer plays in the glasses.变式精练06Instead of experiencing the effects of smoking 40 cigarettes a day from kerosene lamps, Rants thinks his solar lamps could be the answer for third-world countries. The Economist agrees, calling solar lights "the next big innovation for the world's poor". Nokero's solar lamps are higher in quality and less expensive than a lot of solar technology, making them a practical option for many people in third-world countries.6. What is the paragraph mainly about?A. An innovation of the world.    B. Advantages of the solar lights.C. Solution to world's poverty problems.  D. Heavy pollution caused by kerosene lamps.    变式精练07Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland—in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The republic of Ireland—in the south, is an independent country.​    In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. 7. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How the Irish fought against the English. B. How Ireland gained independence.C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D. How two "Irelands" came into being.变式精练08My family and I have visited our friend, Dennis, in Chicago several times in summer, but we never visited him in winter. It's December now, and here we are in Chicago. We have been here for two weeks. It's much colder in Chicago than in New Orleans at this time of year.    This winter has been very cold. It has snowed a lot and people have had trouble with their cars. Last night, it snowed again. Now there is 60 cm of snow on the ground. This has been fun for me but Dennis didn't have fun this morning when his car got stuck in the snow. In fact, since morning many people have gotten stuck in the snow. Schools have closed because students can't get to school. Many people have stayed inside.8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Why it is so cold in winter in Chicago. B. This winter brought lots of fun to Dennis.C. What winter activities are popular in Chicago. D. This winter caused many problems for people in Chicago.变式精练09About twenty years ago I had the pleasure of teaching a girl named Audrey. She was extremely talented in art. Just before her high school graduation, Audrey gave me a wonderful painting beneath which Audrey had written these words, "The deep love from Mother, through me, touches another."    I had the piece of art framed (做框) and hung in my office. With many moves, I lost the painting. Last year, after about eight years of not knowing where it was, I received a phone from a former colleague who said she had the picture Audrey had painted for me 18 years earlier.       I was struck that the precious gift came back. I knew Audrey very well. When she was four years old Audrey had a serious disease. What's worse, her father left the house. It was her mother who brought her up with much trouble. She survived the disease but was disabled.9. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The author's feeling.    B. Audrey's family. C. Audrey's experience.    D. The author's experience.变式精练10How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.    Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said "Yes!" but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.10. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush. 变式精练11Palm trees vary greatly in size. You can buy small ones for the house, or grow them larger for planting in the garden. The price varies greatly and is based entirely on the height of the palm tree. Some palms at the garden centre are small, only 30—40 centimetres in height, but nothing under one metre is ever sold. This is because smaller palms are not yet established (生了根的).  "Once a palm reaches about 100 centimetres, it will be well established and will be able to survive the move from the garden centre to someone's home or garden," says Ali Al Hamsa. "A tree which is not established may suffer during transportation from the garden centre environment, which it is used to, to its new home, whether indoors or in the garden. People who buy palm trees—in fact, any plant from a garden centre—are often totally unaware of how a plant can suffer when it's moved."11. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Who likes to buy palm trees. B. How to transport palm trees.C. Why small palm trees are not sold. D. What kind of palm tree is popular.变式精练12Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats， four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.     B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.  C. The designers of the Transition.13. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causes traffic jams.             B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.              D. It bums too much fuel.14. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. Cautious               B. Favorable.  C. Ambiguous.        D. Disapproving.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto Show          B. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming True        D. Flying Car Closer to Reality变式三：全文翻译当几乎每个人都有手机的时候，为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然在为固定电话付费呢？现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。不过，一项调查显示，55%的澳大利亚人在家里有固定电话，只有略高于四分之一（29%）的人只依赖智能手机。在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认这并不是真的必要，他们把它当作一种安全保障--19%的人说他们从不使用它，还有13%的人保留它以防紧急情况。我认为我家属于那一类。超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择坚持使用家庭电话。年龄自然是一个因素——只有58%的Y一代（80后）仍然时不时地使用固定电话，相比之下，婴儿潮一代（50后）中有84%的人可能已经有了50年相同的家庭号码。年龄不是唯一的因素；我想这也和你家的构成有关。像我和妻子这样的年轻家庭的X一代人（70后），仍然可以发现拥有一部家庭电话比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。即使如此，老实说，唯一给家座机打电话的人是婴儿潮时期出生的父母们，以至于我们在接电话前会玩一个游戏，猜猜是谁打来的电话（使用来电显示会让游戏失去乐趣）。你和你的座机有多依恋？他们要走煤气路灯和早上送牛奶的路还要多久？变式四：重点注释1. Generation Y（Y一代）Generation Y（Y一代）指20世纪80年代后至本世纪初出生的人，人数大于7600万。Y一代生长于消费社会，物质生活条件普遍提高，受到的家庭教育也相对更为科学民主。在成长过程中，他们见证了电脑和互联网的迅速普及，社会在科学技术、知识经济、流行文化等方面更加繁荣。因此，Y一代形成了与前几代人截然不同的价值观和生活态度，更加有主见，也更自信乐观。2. Baby Boomers（婴儿潮）Baby Boomers（婴儿潮）是指大批出生于二战后1946年到1964年期间的婴儿。“4664”3. Generation X（X一代）Generation X（X一代）指出生于20世纪60年代中期至70年代末的一代人。这一代人在20世纪80年代的经济衰退中长大，又经历了21世纪初的互联网泡沫破灭，就在他们成家立业之际，又要面对全球金融危机和经济下滑，步入中年的X一代前有婴儿潮挡道，后有Y一代的强势冲击，在就业市场“腹背受敌”，优势全无，处境尴尬，不少X一代因此满腹牢骚，焦躁不安，对未来感到无所适从。4. security blanket拥有即能使人有安全感的东西。