重难点05 完形填空之记叙文（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

这是一份重难点05 完形填空之记叙文（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用），文件包含重难点05完形填空之记叙文解析版doc、重难点05完形填空之记叙文原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
重难点05 完形填空之记叙文


【命题趋势】
记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。
仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：
　　1.首句完整，线索清楚。
　　一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。
　　2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。
　　文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。
　　3.实词为主，虚词为辅。
高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的【解析】考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
【满分技巧】
1. 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
3. 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
4. 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
5. 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。
【热点话题】
完形填空之记叙文热衷于哲理故事类，生活经历类。
【限时检测】（建议用时：每篇15分钟）
A
（2021·浙江·模拟预测）
话题：作者讲述了没有目标的自己在老师的鼓励下，爱上了写作，又重新有了目标，最后成为了一名新闻工作者。
难度：★★★
建议用时：15分
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。
It all started when I learned to read, or rather, before I learned to read.
I was two years old, and my grandma believed it was as good a 1 as any to absorb me in Russian poetry. And my first 2 sentences were recitation of Russia Poet Pushkin’s U Lukomorya Dub Zeleniy (《海湾旁有棵绿色的橡树》). She read it to me so many times that I had it 3 .
Throughout my childhood, I’d always had a lot of 4 about who I would become when I was older. I’d be an inventor, a doctor... But they 5 in middle school. I spent a few years wandering 6 through life, having no idea what I was 7 about.
Then I met Mrs Apryl, the type of person that 8 everyone the second they walked in a room. So I didn’t just want to get a good grade in her class for my own 9 , but I also wanted to make her 10 . Months went by, and I worked harder. I wrote in class and 11 essays at home on top of that. And each time, I’d bring it to her for 12 . “Veronica,” Mrs Apryl pulled me aside and 13 on the last day of school, “I told the 14 of the school newspaper you should write for them.”
And that was that. I 15 in September with a brand new mentality (心态). Not purposeless any more—I had a 16 : to be a journalist. Doing well at the school newspaper was the first 17 to get there.
Now, I’m 18 for newspapers all around the world. It’s still the bottom rung (脚蹬横木) of the ladder, and I’ve got miles left to 19 , but at least I’ve 20 somewhere.
1．A．time B．chance C．reason D．trend
2．A．consistent B．complete C．flexible D．fashionable
3．A．written B．reviewed C．memorized D．recognized
4．A．impressions B．decisions C．requirements D．ideas
5．A．stood out B．ran out C．came out D．worked out
6．A．aimlessly B．penniless C．carelessly D．hopelessly
7．A．particular B．anxious C．enthusiastic D．guilty
8．A．greeted B．invited C．encouraged D．attracted
9．A．benefit B．convenience C．safety D．use
10．A．proud B．confident C．concerned D．amused
11．A．published B．marked C．practiced D．submitted
12．A．support B．advice C．recommendation D．admiration
13．A．commented B．said C．teased D．continued
14．A．reporters B．designers C．editors D．readers
15．A．came around B．came down C．came forward D．came back
16．A．job B．task C．schedule D．goal
17．A．step B．way C．choice D．rule
18．A．applying B．writing C．advertising D．collecting
19．A．run B．build C．climb D．catch
20．A．forgotten it B．meant it C．got it D．made it
【答案】
1-5 ABCDB 6-10 ACDAA
11-15 CBBCD 16-20 DABCD
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在初中时没有目标和梦想，但由于对一名老师的喜爱，爱上了写作，并在老师的鼓励下，又重新有了目标，最后成为了一名新闻工作者。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我两岁的时候，祖母认为这是一个让我学习俄语诗歌的好时间。A. time时间；B. chance机会；C. reason原因；D. trend趋势。根据句中“I was two years old”可知，句中强调当时我两岁，由此可知，祖母认为这是一个让我学习俄语诗歌的好时间。故选A项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个完整的句子是背诵俄罗斯诗人普希金的《海湾旁有棵绿色的橡树》。A. consistent连续的；B. complete完整的；C. flexible灵活的；D. fashionable时髦的。根据句中“first”和下文“She read it to me so many times”可知，我刚学习俄语诗歌，祖母给我读了很多遍这首诗，由此可知，这应该是我第一次背诵出这首诗中完整的句子。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给我读了很多遍以至于我都记住了。A. written写；B. reviewed复习；C. memorized记住；D. recognized承认。根据句中“She read it to me so many times”和上文“recitation”可知，我能够背诵诗歌中完整的句子了，由此可知，因为祖母给我读了很多遍以至于我记住了这首诗歌。故选C项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的整个童年时期，我一直有很多关于长大后我会成为什么样的人的想法。A. impressions印象；B. decisions决定；C. requirements要求；D. ideas想法。根据下文“I’d be an inventor, a doctor...”可知，我认为我会成为一个发明家，一个医生等等，由此可知，句中指我有很多关于长大后我会成为什么样的人的想法。故选D项。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但它们在中学就没有了。A. stood out突出，引人注目；B. ran out失效，用完；C. came out出版，发行；D. worked out解出，计算出。根据句中“But”和下文“having no idea what I was _____ about”可知，我不知道自己想要做什么，由此可知，我之前的想法都没有了，失效了。故选B项。
6．考查副词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了几年时间毫无目的地在生活中游荡，不知道自己对什么充满热情。A. aimlessly毫无目的地；B. penniless身无分文的；C. carelessly粗心地；D. hopelessly绝望地。根据上文“But they _____ in middle school.”可知，初中时我也不知道自己想要做什么，由此可知，我那几年时间毫无目的地在生活中游荡。故选A项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了几年时间毫无目的地在生活中游荡，不知道自己对什么充满热情。A. particular特别的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. guilty内疚的。根据上文“But they _____ in middle school.”可知，初中时我也不知道自己想要做什么，由此可知，那时候我不知道自己对什么充满热情。故选C项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我遇到了阿普里尔夫人，她是那种一走进房间就吸引所有人的人。A. greeted打招呼；B. invited邀请；C. encouraged鼓励；D. attracted吸引。根据后文“but I also wanted to make her _____”可知，我想取得好成绩也是为了让她感到骄傲，由此可知，她是个吸引人的人，我很喜欢她。故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我不只是为了自己的利益想在她的班上取得好成绩，我还想让她感到骄傲。A. benefit利益；B. convenience方便；C. safety安全；D. use用法。根据句中“get a good grade”和生活常识可知，我想取得好成绩的一方面原因是为了自己的利益。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我不只是为了自己的利益想在她的班上取得好成绩，我还想让她感到骄傲。A. proud骄傲的；B. confident自信的；C. concerned担心的；D. amused好笑的。根据下文“And each time, I’d bring it to her for _____”可知，每次我都把自己写的文章给她看，由此可知，我希望她看到我的进步，让她感到骄傲。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除此之外，我在课堂上写作，在家里练习散文。A. published出版；B. marked做记号；C. practiced练习；D. submitted提交。根据上文“I worked harder”和句中“at home”可知，我学习很努力，由此可知，我不止在课堂上写作，还在家里练习散文。故选C项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次，我都会把写的东西带过去征求她的建议。A. support支持；B. advice建议；C. recommendation推荐；D. admiration羡慕。根据上文内容可知，阿普里尔夫人是我的老师，由此可知，我把自己写的东西给她看是为了征求她的建议。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在上学的最后一天，“维罗妮卡，”阿普里尔夫人把我拉到一边说，“我告诉校报的编辑们，你应该给他们写作。”A. commented评论；B. said说；C. teased取笑；D. continued继续。根据下文““I told the _____ of the school newspaper you should write for them.””可知，这是阿普里尔夫人对我说话的内容，由此可知，句中指阿普里尔夫人把我拉到一边说……。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上学的最后一天，“维罗妮卡，”阿普里尔夫人把我拉到一边说，“我告诉校报的编辑们，你应该给他们写作。”A. reporters记者；B. designers设计者；C. editors编辑；D. readers读者。根据句中“you should write for them.”和下文“to be a journalist”可知，我成为了一名新闻工作者，新闻工作者应该是给校报的编辑写作。故选C项。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：九月份我带着一种全新的心态回来了。A. came around拜访；B. came down下降，降落；C. came forward自告奋勇，自愿；D. came back回来。根据上文“on the last day of school”可知，阿普里尔夫人是在上学最后一天告诉我给校报写作的事，由此可知，九月开学后，我带着一种全新的心态回到学校来了。故选D项。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不再是毫无目的了——我有一个目标：成为一名新闻工作者。A. job工作；B. task任务；C. schedule日程安排；D. goal目标。根据句中“Not purposeless any more”可知，我不再是毫无目的了，由此可知，我有了一个目标，那就是成为一名新闻工作者。故选D项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在校报表现出色是实现目标的第一步。A. step步骤；B. way方法；C. choice选择；D. rule规则。根据上文“to be a journalist”可知，我的目标事成为一名新闻工作者，由此可知，在校报表现出色是实现目标的第一步。故A项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，我为世界各地的报纸写稿。A. applying申请；B. writing写作；C. advertising做广告；D. collecting收集。根据上文“I told the _____ of the school newspaper you should write for them”中的“write”可知，我之前就是为校报写作，现在我成为了一名新闻工作者，为报纸写稿。故B项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它仍然是梯子的最底层，我还有好几英里要爬，但至少我已经成功爬到了某个地方。A. run跑；B. build建造；C. climb爬；D. catch抓住。根据句中“It’s still the bottom rung of the ladder”可知，作者把实现目标比喻成爬梯子，他现在位于梯子的最底层，由此可知，为了实现目标，还有很多层要爬。故C项。
20．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：它仍然是梯子的最底层，我还有好几英里要爬，但至少我已经成功爬到了某个地方。A. forgotten it忘记它；B. meant it说话算数；C. got it明白了；D. made it成功了。作者把实现目标比喻成爬梯子，根据上文“Now, I’m _____ for newspapers all around the world.”可知，他已经开始为报纸写稿，由此可知，他在实现目标的道路上成功了一步。故D项。
B
（2021·浙江金华·一模）
话题：文章讲述了在疫情期间，2岁的Benjami和99岁高龄的Mary建立起感人的友谊的故事。
难度：★★
建议用时：15分
Mary uses a walking stick. Benjamin recently learned how to walk. Mary is 99. Benjamin is 2. The neighbors may seem like 21 friends, but during the pandemic (疫情), they formed a unique 22 at the fence between their houses in Minneapolis.
“Benjamin just turned 2 years old. We’ve been 23 with Mary long before he was born,” Benjamin’s mom, Sarah Olson said. They didn’t see Mary much, 24 last year when the COV1D-19 pandemic 25 and the family had to stay home, Mary was someone they could 26 —outside.
During the pandemic, the Olsons 27 played in their yard, and Mary would be in hers. Benjamin would 28 Mary when he saw her in the yard and they would play games. There's a 97-year 29 gap, but Benjamin doesn’t see it.
“She’s just Mary, or ‘Mimi’,” Sarah said. “We’re inside and he’ll go, ‘Mimi? Mimi?’ and we'll go outside and 30 Mary. Then Mary will call out, ‘Hey Benjamin!’ How 31 a scene it is!”
For Mary, who was completely 32 during the pandemic, a friend was just what she needed. It seems Mary has 33 a childlike spirit with Benjamin, playing with bubbles and even water guns.
More than a year after they first started 34 together, Benjamin and Mary still 35 each other's company. Benjamin and Mary's friendship has 36 so many because people like to see relationships form so 37 for young people and elderly people. “We didn't have to work on it at all; it just 38 ,” Sarah said.
“Friendship can be 39 in so many different ways. I’m really happy they’ve developed this friendship, ” she said. “It is such a rewarding 40 for both of them.”
21．A．unfaithful B．unlikely C．close D．special
22．A．bond B．habit C．belief D．impression
23．A．strangers B．friends C．neighbors D．relatives
24．A．but B．so C．because D．or
25．A．continued B．ended C．hit D．faded
26．A．visit B．see C．recognize D．invite
27．A．seldom B．often C．once D．never
28．A．talk about B．make room for C．tend to D．run over to
29．A．age B．culture C．generation D．knowledge
30．A．look into B．look through C．look after D．look for
31．A．strange B．familiar C．sweet D．awkward
32．A．different B．forgotten C．independent D．alone
33．A．rediscovered B．broken C．understood D．accepted
34．A．chatting B．playing C．working D．learning
35．A．ignore B．imagine C．miss D．enjoy
36．A．amused B．shocked C．touched D．puzzled
37．A．naturally B．quickly C．obviously D．normally
38．A．remained B．changed C．mattered D．happened
39．A．established B．spoiled C．betrayed D．improved
40．A．coincidence B．experience C．practice D．lesson
【答案】
21-25 BACAC 26-30 BBDAD
31-35 CDABD 36-40 CADAB
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在疫情期间，2岁的Benjami和99岁高龄的Mary建立起感人的友谊的故事。
21．考查形容词义辨析。句意：邻居们似乎不太可能成为朋友，但在疫情期间，在明尼阿波利斯房子间的栅栏边，他们形成了一个独特的关系。A. unfaithful不忠实的；B. unlikely不可能；C. close近的；D. special特别的。根据上文“Mary uses a walking stick. Benjamin recently learned how to walk. Mary is 99. Benjamin is 2.”中Mary和Benjamin的对比可知，他们年龄相差太大， 所以不太可能成为朋友。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。A. bond关系，联系；B. habit习惯；C. belief信念；D. impression印象。根据第七段“Benjamin and Mary's friendship has 　　so many”可知，尽管Mary和Benjamin年 龄悬殊，但他们还是成为了朋友，形成了独特的关系(bond)。故选A项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本杰明的妈妈萨拉·奥尔森说：“本杰明刚满两岁。在玛丽出生之前，我们就和她做邻居了。”。A. strangers陌生人；B. friends朋友；C. neighbors邻居；D. relatives亲戚。结合上文和句子“long before he was born”可推知，Mary和Benjamin父母在Benjamin出生之前就是邻居。故选C项。
24．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然平时很少见到玛丽，但去年因新型冠状病毒感而不得不呆在家里的时候，玛丽是在外面可以见到的人。A. but但是；B. so因此；C. because因为；D. or或者。根据上文“They didn’t see Mary much”和下文“Mary was someone they could 　　—outside.”可知，上下文有转折关系，故用连词but连接。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然平时很少见到玛丽，但去年因新型冠状病毒肆虐而不得不呆在家里的时候，玛丽是在外面可以见到的人。A. continued继续；B. ended结束；C. hit袭击，击中；D. faded消退。根据下文“the family had to stay home”可知，由于新型冠状病毒的攻击，所以他们必须呆家里。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。A. visit参观；B. see看见；C. recognize认出；D. invite邀请。根据第四段“the Olsons 　　played in their yard, and Mary would be in hers.”可知，两家人隔着围栏在自己的院子里玩耍，所以Olson一家能看到Mary。故选B项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。A. seldom很少；B. often经常；C. once曾经；D. never绝不。根据上文“the family had to stay home”可知，Olson一家不能出家门，所以自家院子是他们唯一能经常去的地方。故选B项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当本杰明看到玛丽在院子里时，他会跑到她身边，他们会一起玩游戏。A. talk about谈论；B. make room for给……腾地方；C. tend to趋向；D. run over to冲向。根据句中“they would play games”可知，Benjamin会去找Mary一起玩，run over to意为“冲向”，符合语境。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。A. age年纪；B. culture文化；C. generation 一代（人）；D. knowledge知识。根据第一段“Mary is 99. Benjamin is 2.”可知，Mary和Benjami之间有97的年龄悬殊。故选A项 。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们会出去找玛丽。A. look into调查；B. look through浏览；C. look after照顾；D. look for找寻。根据句中“we'll go outside”可知，Benjami要出去找Mary。故选D项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。A. strange陌生的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. sweet甜的；D. awkward令人尴尬的。上文描述2岁的Benjami闹着找99岁高龄的Mary和Mary呼唤着Benjami可知，这是多么感人且甜蜜的一幕。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。A. different不同的；B. forgotten被遗忘的；C. independent独立的；D. alone独自的。根据句中“a friend was just what she needed”可推知，玛丽在疫情期间独自一人，她需要朋友。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽和本杰明在一起时，似乎找回了童心，玩泡泡，甚至水枪。A. rediscovered重新发现；B. broken打碎；C. understood明白；D. accepted接受。根据“a childlike spirit with Benjamin, playing with bubbles and even water guns”可知，99高龄的Mary是 重新发现了童心。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。A. chatting讨论；B. playing玩耍；C. working工作；D. learning学习。根据上文可知，Benjami和Mary在一起就是玩耍。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。A. ignore忽视；B. imagine想象；C. miss思念；D. enjoy享受。根据句中still可知，他们仍然与一年前一样，喜欢彼此的陪伴。故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本杰明和玛丽的友谊感动了很多人，因为人们喜欢看到年轻人和老年人自然地建立友谊。A. amused (使)娱乐；B. shocked使震惊；C. touched感动；D. puzzled使困惑。根据“people like to see”可知，人们乐于见到这一种友谊，深受感动。故选C项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。A. naturally自然地；B. quickly迅速地；C. obviously明显地；D. normally自然地。根据下文“We didn't have to work on it at all”可知，Benjami的父 母并没有做什么，这种友谊是自然产生的。故选A项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们根本不需要做什么；它就发生了。A. remained保持；B. changed改变；C. mattered重要；D. happened发生。根据上文“We didn't have to work on it at all”可知，友谊自己就发生了。故选D项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：友谊可以通过许多不同的方式建立起来。我很高兴他们发展了这种友谊。A. established建立；B. spoiled破坏；C. betrayed出卖；D. improved提高。结合常识和文章讲述Benjami和Mary的友谊可知，Sarah Olson在谈论友谊建立的方式。故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。A. coincidence巧合；B. experience经历；C. practice练习；D. lesson教训。对于2岁的Benjami和99岁高龄的Mary来说，他们的友谊是对两个人都有好处的经历。故选B项。
C
（2021·河南·罗山县教学研究室一模）
话题：文章主要讲述Raegan Lawrence在新冠肺炎大流行中将卖糖果棒获得的收入为医护人员、消防员和急救人员买巧克力的故事。
难度：★★
建议用时：15分
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Raegan Lawrence is an 11-year-old student and band member at Bonaire Middle School，in central Georgia，USA．Over the past several months，she has used the grief（悲痛）and stress 41 by the COVID-19 pandemic to 42 her best and help others in the process.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been very 43 to Raegan and her family. She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the 44 . And she hasn’ t been able to visit some of her 45 such as her grandfather.
Feeling constantly sad，she 46 to find out what she could do to make things 47 . While thinking about ways she could 48 ，her band began to sell“the world’s finest chocolate bars”to raise funds.
This gave her a（n） 49 —why not buy the world’ s finest chocolate bars to 50 the world’ s finest people? In her mind，the finest people in the world are the healthcare workers，firemen，and first responders who have 51 themselves during this pandemic to helping others while putting themselves in 52 .
And so she did! While Reagan is typically a 53 person，this did not stop her from promoting sales of her candy bars and then using the money 54 to buy bars for First Responders. She also 55 to take all the money she had in savings from Christmas，her birthday and other gifts to buy chocolate bars for the world’ s finest people.
In all，Raegan 56 over 400 bars. The first responders that received them were 57 not just for the world’ s finest chocolate，but the 58 and caring actions of one of the world’ s finest 11-year-old girls !
Raegan Lawrence’ s story has 59 many others to help those in need during this 60 moment.
41．A．released B．caused C．damaged D．controlled
42．A．get over B．catch up C．look for D．bring out
43．A．typical B．strange C．cruel D．normal
44．A．virus B．worm C．public D．hospital
45．A．relatives B．classmates C．friends D．doctors
46．A．hesitated B．agreed C．struggled D．preferred
47．A．heavier B．higher C．clearer D．better
48．A．help B．stay C．share D．show
49．A．privilege B．excuse C．idea D．advantage
50．A．evaluate B．reward C．respect D．protect
51．A．devoted B．limited C．abandoned D．attached
52．A．silence B．stress C．comfort D．danger
53．A．stubborn B．brave C．shy D．patient
54．A．obtained B．borrowed C．found D．changed
55．A．afforded B．decided C．refused D．expected
56．A．tried out B．stored up C．broke off D．gave away
57．A．fit B．grateful C．responsible D．famous
58．A．humorous B．generous C．traditional D．honest
59．A．invited B．persuaded C．inspired D．required
60．A．interesting B．fruitful C．pleasant D．challenging

【答案】
41-45 BDCAA 46-50 CDACB
51-55 ADCAB 56-60 DBBCD
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个十一岁的学生 Raegan Lawrence在新冠肺炎大流行中将卖糖果棒获得的收入为医护人员、消防员和急救人员这些她认为世界上最好的人买巧克力的故事。
41．考查动词词义辨析。A. released释放;B. caused导致;C.damaged伤害;D. controlled控制。通过上文“the grief and stress”以及下文“by the COVID-19 pandemic”可推知,Raegan Lawrence应该是利用了新冠肺炎疫情大流行导致的悲痛和压力, caused by意为：由……导致。故选B。
42．考查动词短语词义辨析。 A. get over克服；B. catch up赶上；C. look for寻找；D. bring out出版，生产，使显现。通过上文“the grief and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic”（新冠肺炎疫情带来的悲伤和压力）以及下文"her best and help others"（她的最佳水平和帮助其他人）可推知,此处指新冠肺炎带来的悲痛和压力激发了 Raegan Lawrence的最佳水平去帮助别人。故选D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。A typical典型的;B. strange奇怪的;C.crue残酷的;D.normal正常的。通过下文“She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather”（她失去了两位姑姑和曾祖父）可推知,新冠肺炎疫情的大流行对于 Raegan和她的家人来说非常残酷。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。A.virus病毒;B.worm蠕虫;C. public民众;D.hospital医院。通过上文“caused by the COVID-19 pandemic”（被新冠疫情引起的）以及“lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the”（失去了两位姑姑和曾祖父给……）可推知,设空处应该说明了是新冠肺炎病毒导致了Raegan的姑姑和曾祖父去世。故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。通过下文“such as her grandfather”（比如她的祖父）可推知,此处指Raegan她还没能去探望她的一些亲戚。故选A。
46．考查动词词义辨析。A.hesitated犹豫;B.agreed同意;C. struggled努力;D. preferred更喜欢。通过上文“Feeling constantly sad”（ 不断地感到悲伤）以“to find out what she could do to make things”（想知道她能做些什么来使事情）可推知, Raegan感到悲伤,努力想做些力所能及的事情。故选C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。通过上文“struggled to find out what she could do to make things”（努力地想知道她能做些什么来使事情）以及下文她所做的事情可推知, Raegan想努力做些什么来使事情变得更好。故选D。
48．考查动词词义辨析。通过上文“struggled to find out what she could do to make things better”（努力想知道自己能做些什么来使事情变得更好）可推知, Raegan在想办法帮忙。故选A。
49．考查名词词义辨析。通过下文“why not buy the world's' finest chocolate bars”（为什么不买世界上最好的巧克力棒）可推知, Raegan有了一个主意。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。A.evaluate估计;B.reward回报;C. respect尊重;D.protect保护。通过下文“to buy bars for first responders”以及下文“the finest people in the world are the healthcare workers, firemen, and first responders”（为急救人员购买巧克力）可推知, Reagan想要买世界上最好的巧克力来回报她所认为的世界上最好的人。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。A.devoted奉献;B.limited限制;C.abandoned遗弃;D.attached依附于。通过下 “themselves during this pandemic to helping others while putting themselves”（他们自己在疫情期间帮助被人，当把他们自己至于……）可推知,此处指医护人员、消防员和急救人员在疫情大流行期间奉献自己,帮助他人。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。A. silence沉默;B.stress压力;C. comfort舒适;D.danger危险。通过上文“have devoted themselves during this pandemic to helping others”（在疫情大流行期间奉献帮助他人）可推知,医护人员、消防员和急救人员在疫情大流行的情况下舍身救人,是将自己置入了危险中。故选D。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。通过下文“this did not stop her from promoting sales of her candy bars”（这并没有阻止她推销她的糖果棒）可推知,Reagan虽然害羞,但并未停止卖糖果棒。故选C。
54．考查动词词义辨析。A.obtained获得;B.borrowed;C. found发现,找到;D. changed改变。通过上文“using the money”（用钱）以及下文“to buy bars for first responders”（为急救人员购买巧克力棒）可推知, Reagan使用努力所获得的钱为急救人员购买巧克力棒。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。通过下文“to take all the money”（用所有的钱）以及下文“buy chocolate bars for the world's finest people”（为世界上最优秀的人买巧克力）可推知, Reagan决定使用攒下的钱为世界上最优秀的人买巧克力。故选B。
56．考查动词短语词义辨析。A.tried out试验;B. stored up储存;C.broke off中断;D. gave away赠送。通过下文“The first responders that received them”（收到它们的第一批响应者）可推知Reagan将巧克力棒赠送给了急救人员们。故选D。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。通过下文“not just for the world's finest chocolate”（ 不仅仅是为了世界上最好的巧克力）以及“caring actions”（爱心行动）可推知,收到 ReaganReagan送的巧克力棒的医护人员对于十分感激。故选B。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。A.humorous幽默的;B. generous慷慨;C. traditional传统的;D.honesti诚实的。通过下文caring actions（爱心行动）可推知,医护人员们对于 Reagan的慷慨行为以及爱心行动十分感激。故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。A.invited邀请;B. persuaded说服;C.inspired激励;D.required需要。通过上文“Raegan Lawrence''s story”（Reagan的故事）以及下文“many others to help those in need”（许多其他人去帮助那些需要帮助的人）可推知, Raegan Lawrence的故事激励了许多人帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选C。
60．考查形容词词义辨析。通读全文,再通过上文“help those in need during this”可知,现在是在新冠肺炎疫情大流行的时刻,即一个具有挑战性的时刻。故选D。
D
（2021·云南·曲靖一中一模）
话题：主要讲述了作者第一次志愿在美国退休人员协会体验团做阅读辅导老师的个人经历。
难度：★★★
建议用时：15分
第一节 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I opened the big steel door to the school’s front office. My hands were a bit sweaty; my heart was 61 fast in my chest, and my throat and tongue felt chalky and dry. It was the first day of school. No, not for me as a student, 62 rather, for me as a first-time reading tutor volunteering with AARP’s Experience Corps program.
The program, now in its 11th year in the Tempe Elementary School District and 3rd year in the Phoenix district, helps first through third graders 63 their reading fluency and accuracy.
Each day, they would come in with bright, 64 eyes and an enthusiasm that was infectious. I couldn’t help but smile when I met with each student. Experience Corps developed a research-based, statistically proven reading improvement program which consists 65 fun reading “games” that we’d play with each child designed to “put miles on the tongue.” They didn’t even 66 that they were actually learning and improving their reading—we were having too much 67 !
Throughout the year, as we read and advanced to 68 level books, I got to know each student on a more personal basis. Their frankness as children was refreshing and something I looked forward to. They 69 ceased to surprise me with their conversation and questions.
“Ms. R,” (as they called 70 ), “I read my book to my dog, Sunny, and she really liked it, too.”
Great! That’s the idea—keep on reading to others at home to increase accuracy and 71 .
“Ms. R, my mom has a baby in her belly. I’m going to be a big sister and will read to him when he comes out.”
That one made me feel all warm and fuzzy, and I told the student that she would be the best big sister 72 .
“Ms. R, why do you have gray hair?”
Gotta love the frankness of kids, don’t you? I just smiled and told them it was better to have gray hair than 73 hair! We all laughed at that.
I had no 74 experience, but I found out that you don’t need any. All you need is a willingness to give of yourself and a desire to work one-on-one with these children who so desperately want to please you.
At the end of the school year, when it came time to say goodbye to my kids, one little boy had tears 75 up in his eyes. That got my eyes glistening and gave me a lump in my throat as well. 76 a different—and wonderful—physical and emotional reaction compared to the first day I 77 through those school doors.
78 I do it all over again? Yes. I plan to volunteer for the upcoming 2017-18 school year. I would 79 others to consider volunteering through Experience Corps or other programs that are 80 in their local school district. I guarantee you: it’s the best “warm and fuzzy” feeling in the world.
61．A．beating B．hitting C．striking D．freezing
62．A．and B．so C．yet D．but
63．A．reduce B．improve C．extend D．expand
64．A．pleased B．disappointed C．excited D．anxious
65．A．in B．of C．on D．off
66．A．notice B．recognize C．realize D．appreciate
67．A．worry B．anxiety C．excitement D．fun
68．A．higher B．tougher C．lower D．easier
69．A．even B．still C．never D．seldom
70．A．him B．her C．them D．me
71．A．familiarity B．fluency C．loudness D．softness
72．A．yet B．still C．even D．ever
73．A．no B．much C．little D．some
74．A．learning B．teaching C．working D．travelling
75．A．running B．spilling C．rolling D．welling
76．A．How B．What C．So D．When
77．A．jumped B．raced C．walked D．flew
78．A．Would B．Should C．Could D．Might
79．A．advise B．suggest C．encourage D．inspire
80．A．accessible B．available C．affordable D．unbelievable
【答案】
61-65 ADBCB 66-70 CDACD
71-75 BDABD 76-80 BCACB
【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者第一次志愿在美国退休人员协会体验团做阅读辅导老师的个人经历。
61．考查动词词义辨析。A. beating打；B. hitting击中；C. striking撞击；D. freezing结冰。根据上文“My hands were a bit sweaty; my heart was”可知此处描述因为紧张，心跳的很快，应用动词beat。故选A。
62．考查连词词义辨析。A. and并且；B. so所以；C. yet然而；D. but但是。根据上文“not for me as a student”可知表示“不是……而是……”短语为not…but…。故选D。
63．考查动词词义辨析。A. reduce减少；B. improve改善；C. extend延伸；D. expand扩大。根据后文“their reading fluency and accuracy”可知，提高学生阅读的流畅与准确性，故选B。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天，他们都带着明亮、热切的眼睛和具有感染力的热情来上课。A. pleased高兴的；B. disappointed失望的；C. excited激动的，热切的；D. anxious焦虑的。结合后文“eyes and an enthusiasm that was infectious”可知学生带着明亮、热切的眼睛和具有感染力的热情来上课。故选C。
65．考查介词词义辨析。句意：Experience Corps开发了一个以研究为基础、经过统计验证的阅读改善项目，其中包括有趣的阅读“游戏”，我们会和每个孩子一起玩，旨在“让舌头长出几英里”。A. in在……里面；B. of属于；C. on在上面；D. off脱离。根据上文“improvement program which consists”可知表示“包括”短语为consist of。故选B。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句根据后文“that they were actually learning and improving their reading”指没有意识到实际上在学习和提高阅读能力。故选C。
67．考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“we’d play with each child”可知作者通过游戏和学生们学习，所以此处指他们玩得开心。故选D。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“as we read and advanced to”可知阅读更高水平的书籍。故选A。
69．考查副词词义辨析。根据后文“ceased to surprise me with their conversation and questions”可知，表示否定从未停止，应用never。故选C。
70．考查代词词义辨析。说的是指“我”应用代词me。故选D。
71．考查名词词义辨析。A. familiarity熟悉；B. fluency流利；C. loudness响度；D. softness温柔。呼应上文“heir reading fluency and accuracy”指提高准确性和流畅性。故选B。
72．考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“she would be the best big sister”可知此处修饰最高级应用ever。故选D。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是微笑着告诉他们，有白头发总比没有头发好！A. no没有；B. much许多；C. little一点；D. some一些。结合上文“it was better to have gray hair than”可知，灰白头发比没有头发好，故选A。
74．考查动词词义辨析。A. learning学习；B. teaching教学；C. working工作；D. travelling旅行。结合上文作者教学生学习，可知此处指作者说自己没有教学经验，故选B。
75．考查动词词义辨析。A. running奔跑；B. spilling溢出；C. rolling滚动；D. welling涌出。根据上文tears可知此处指眼泪涌出应用well up。故选D。
76．考查连词词义辨析。此处感叹名词reaction，应用what。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和我第一天走进学校大门的时候相比，身体和情感上的反应是多么不同，多么美妙。A. jumped跳跃；B. raced比赛；C. walked走路；D. flew飞。根据后文“through those school doors”可知指作者初次走进校门，应用walked。故选C。
78．考查情态动词辨析。句意：我会再来一次吗？A. Would将会；B. Should应该；C. Could能够；D. Might可能。此处表示意愿应用would。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“others to consider volunteering”可知，表示鼓励他人来参与志愿者工作，侧重增强勇气或给予希望，应用encourage；而inspire侧重启迪之意，故选C。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。A. accessible可到达的；B. available可获得的；C. affordable便宜的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。结合上文“consider volunteering through Experience Corps or other programs that are”表示提供给志愿者的机会，故选B。
E
（2021·浙江·镇海中学模拟预测）
话题：文章讲述了安德里亚・莱辛无意中发现一笔巨款，以及她如何处理这笔钱财的故事。
难度：★★★
建议用时：15分
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Andrea Lessing, who is an employee at Goodwill located in Norman, Oklahoma made a very surprising 81 at work. As she was checking out the box of clothing donations, she touched something other than sweaters. It 82 she had found stacks of money among the clothes.
While Lessing said that people do 83 money with their old clothes, this time, she had found a 84 that amounted to $42, 000. The Goodwill employee added that she was shocked by the finding and decided to inform her boss. 85 that, the employee used the documentation of the donation to find the 86 of the money and return it.
Apparent the decision to return the money was a(n) 87 for Lessing. Though she admitted that it was only human 88 for her to think about the opportunities the money would present to her, she ultimately 89 to be a good role model for her daughter, who is just six years old. Because Lessing was teaching her daughter the 90 of kindness and honesty, she said that people could not afford not to 91 what they teach their children to do themselves.
The Goodwill employee was also 92 for her selflessness as the man, who had carelessly left such a big fortune in his clothing， kindly gave Lessing $1，000 as a gesture of 93 . Initially, Lessing was very surprised to receive the money because she did not 94 it. She also said that she didn't want to be on the news or to become 95 to people from different states and countries. Her single 96 was to do the right thing. It seems Lessing is also a big believer in karma (善有善报) because she said that 97 a good deed may not come back immediately, it 98 does.
When she was asked what she would 99 with the money, Lessing said she was planning on taking care of some bills and 100 her daughter to something really nice.
81．A．offer B．discovery C．change D．comment
82．A．worked out B．made out C．turned out D．found out
83．A．borrow B．leave C．raise D．make
84．A．rate B．tax C．sum D．budget
85．A．Well before B．Right through C．Exactly around D．Shortly after
86．A．loser B．owner C．dealer D．author
87．A．no-brainer B．go-getter C．eye-opener D．team-player
88．A．error B．responsibility C．evolution D．nature
89．A．chose B．paid C．meant D．pretended
90．A．story B．gift C．range D．value
91．A．practice B．measure C．face D．hold
92．A．blessed B．remembered C．charged D．rewarded
93．A．goodwill B．support C．gratitude D．sympathy
94．A．expect B．make C．like D．buy
95．A．drawn B．known C．available D．acceptable
96．A．ambition B．contribution C．motivation D．limitation
97．A．while B．since C．unless D．before
98．A．rarely B．eventually C．simply D．casually
99．A．take B．send. C．do D．express
100．A．delivering B．driving C．pushing D．treating

【答案】
81-85 BCBCD
86-90 BADAD
91-95 ADCAB
96-100 CABCD
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安德里亚・莱辛无意中发现一笔巨款，以及她如何处理这笔钱财的故事。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安德里亚·莱辛是位于俄克拉荷马州诺曼市的Goodwill公司的一名员工，她在工作中有一个非常令人惊讶的发现。A. offer建议；B. discovery发现；C. change改变；D. comment评论。根据“It ________ she had found stacks of mopey among the clothes.”可知是发现了一笔钱。故选B。
82．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：原来她在衣服里发现了一叠叠的钱。A. worked out算出；B. made out辨认出，看出；C. turned out结果是；D. found out发现，猜着。it turned out…结果证明是……。根据“As she was checking out the box of clothing donations, she touched something other than sweaters.”可知，这里为莱辛在衣服里所发现的结果。故选C。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱辛说人们的确会在旧衣服里放钱。A. borrow借；B. leave留下；C. raise养育；D. make做。结合倒数第二段第一句“The Goodwill employee was also _________ for her selflessness as the man, who had carelessly left such a big fortune in his clothing，”为提示，可知在衣服里放钱。故选B。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管莱辛说人们会在旧衣服放钱，但这次，她发现总数高达42000美元。A. rate评估，评价；B. tax税；C. sum总计；D. budget预算。根据“amounted to $42，000.”可知，高达42000美元，表示总数用sum。故选C。
85．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在那之后不久，这名员工利用捐赠的文件找到了钱的主人并归还了它。A. Well before之前；B. Right through直接穿过；C. Exactly around就在附近；D. Shortly after……之后；立即。根据“the employee used the documentation of the donation to find the ________ of the money and return it.”可知，在发现钱之后，员工莱辛依据捐赠的文件把钱还给失主，故选D。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后不久，这名员工利用捐赠的的文件找到了钱的主人并归还了它。A. loser失败者；B. owner所有者；C. dealer交易商；D. author作者。根据“and return it.”可知，这里是找到钱的主人。故选B。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，对莱辛来说，把钱还回去的决定是不需要思考的。A.no- brainer无需用脑的事，容易的决定；B. go-getter实干家；C. eye-opener使人大开眼界的经历(或事情等)；D. team- player团体行动。根据“Because Lessing was teaching her daughter the _________ of kindness and honesty, she said that people could not afford not to __________ what they teach their children to do themselves.”可知莱辛没有犹豫，要还给失主，no- brainer不过脑子的事，即很简单，还钱的决定对莱辛来说很容易。故选A。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她承认，考虑钱会给她带来的机会只是人类的天性。A. error错误；B. responsibility责任；C. evolution进化；D. nature天性。human nature人的天性。这里指认为这钱是给她带来机会，这是人性本能的思考。故选D。
89．考查动词词义辨析。A. chose选择；B. paid付； C meant打算；D. pretended装作。根据“to be a good role model for her daughter, who is just six years old.”可知，最终莱辛选择为女儿当一个榜样。故选A。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为莱辛教她的女儿善良和诚实的价值。A. story故事；B. gift礼物； C range范围；D. value价值。结合下文的“kindness and honesty”，可推测是善良和诚实的价值。故选D。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为莱辛教她的女儿善良和诚实的价值，她说，人们不能不实践他们教自己的孩子去做的事情。A. practices实践；B. measure测量；C. face面对；D. hold握住。结合常识，教完之后得要实践。故选A。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好心的员工也因为她的无私得到了奖励。A. blessed保佑；B. remembered记得；C. charged控告；D. rewarded奖励。结合下文的 “for her selflessness ”可知，是因为员工莱辛善心得到奖励。故选D。
93．考查名词词义辨析。A. goodwill好心；B. support支持；C. gratitude感激之情；D. sympathy同情。根据“kindly gave Lessing $1，000”可知，给了莱辛1000美元，表示感激。故选C。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱辛收到这笔钱很吃惊，因为她根本没预料过这个。A. expect期待；B. make做；C. like喜欢；D. buy买。根据“Lessing was very surprised to receive the money”可知，莱辛根本预料过会收到钱。故选A。
95．考查动词词义辨析。A. drawn描绘；B. known知道；C. available可获得的；D. acceptable认同的。be known to为某人所熟知。根据上文“She also said that she didn't want to be on the news”可知，莱辛已经出名了，但她不想上新闻，也不想别人知道她。故选B。
96．考查名词词义辨析。根据“do the right thing.”可知，这是莱辛的一种动机。故选C。
97．考查连词词义辨析。句意：看起来莱辛也相信善有善报，她说，尽管好的行为可能不会立即有反馈，但最终一定会有的。 A. while尽管；B. since自从；C. unless除非；D. before在之前。根据“it _____18_____ does.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系。故选A。
98．考查副词词义辨析。根据“It seems Lessing is also a big believer in karma (善有善报)”可知，好的行为最终一定有好的结果。故选B。
99．考查动词词义辨析。do with处理。根据“Lessing said she was planning on taking care of some bills and __________ her daughter to something really nice.”可知，莱辛说计划做的事情，表明在问她如何处理这笔钱。故选C。
100．考查动词词义辨析。A. delivering传送；B. driving驾驶；C. pushing推动；D. treating以……态度对待。treat sb. to sth.请某人吃。根据“her daughter to something really nice.”可知，莱辛会用这笔钱带女儿吃些好吃的。故选D。