专题13 多样性文化-备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019）

这是一份专题13 多样性文化-备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019），共19页。

专题13 多样性文化



Part 1 语法填空
（一）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Singapore’s tradition of eating out in places called hawker(小商贩) centers is now 1． (recognize) by the United Nations for its cultural 2． (important).
A hawker is a person 3． sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell 4． (they) goods are very popular. On Wednesday, the United Nations’ cultural agency, UNESCO, added the city’s “hawker culture,” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Singapore 5． (seek) to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago.
Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide 6． report every six years to UNESCO. The report must show efforts the city-state has made 7． (save) and support its hawker culture. “These centers serve8． ‘community dining rooms’ where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said.
However, Singapore’s hawker culture does face difficulties. The average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less9． (interest) in working in small restaurants.
The COVID-19 health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors from 10． (eat) out. During the first few months of 2020, restrictions on movement and social distancing also stopped locals.
（二）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Six “sacrificial pits” ( 祭祀坑),11． ( date) back to 3,200 to 4, 000 years, were discovered in the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Sichuan province, on March 17, 2021. The biggest pit among the six 12． ( be) 19 square meters, and the smallest is 3.5 square meters. Some unearthed artifacts reflect previous findings in 1986 like bronze masks and jades, but shapes of some large-size bronze objects have never been seen.
The Sanxingdui Ruins site, 13． ( consider) as one of the most important archaeological sites along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, covers an area of 12 square kilometers 14． its core zone of an ancient city covering 3.6 square kilometers. It was first found in 1929. However, large- scale excavation (挖掘) on the site only began in 1986, when two pits, widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies, 15． ( discover) accidentally. The new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986, 16． the similar shapes and findings in the eight pits 17． ( basic) make sure their function should be sacrificial pits.
According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, studies of the Sanxingdui Ruins site will become an 18． ( importance) project in a program Archaeology China, 19． tries to explain the origins of Chinese civilization and how diverse 20． ( culture) communicate and come together.
（三）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the very beginning of human race, diverse civilizations 21．(feature) different layers and distinctiveness have been formed on the 22．(base) of villages, regions, clans, religious communities, and so forth. On the one hand, each culture is 23． system that fits into its environment, a crystal of people’s experiences in life for thousands of years, and a human heritage of 24．(history) and artistic values. Therefore, it has always maintained its unique form of civilization. On the other hand, various forms of communications and exchanges 25．(perform) between different civilizations through daily association and economic activities 26． some ties. And with the 27．(form) of a world capitalist market, the local and national self-sufficiency and door-closed policy have be en replaced with the intercourses and mutual dependence in all aspects between each nation. The spiritual products of each nation have some common wealth, which makes national unilateralism and limitedness 28．(increase) impossible. As the development of world history shows, it is the opposition and 29．(unite) as well as integration and exchanges between different civilizations 30． have enabled the development of civilizations and the progress of society.


Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme “Top Gear” discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said: “That's quite a strange combination. It's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”.
This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions (断言).We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being 'generally rather casual' and more outwardly friendly than many European counties'. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they do not need a personal relationship in order to do business. Once you hear advice like this,it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson's joke, but not baring an eyelid (眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two?
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean? Stereotype are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist's experience.
If however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings in this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful. but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics,they can avoid causing offence (冒犯) in those cultures.
However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
31．When he said, “it's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”，Jeremy Clarkson really meant________.
A．the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B．the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C．the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D．the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won't
32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It's typical of the Swiss to be punctual.
B．The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
C．The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
D．The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
33．Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because________.
A．they don't want to offend other people
B．generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C．cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D．they think different cultural characteristics are useful
34．The main purpose of this passage is to________.
A．illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B．show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C．tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D．discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
（二）
We know that China is the largest and fastest-growing consumer market in the world. What is less well understood are the forces that shape consumerism in the world’s most populous country. In my view, there are some social and cultural aspects at play that drive consumer spending.
Consumerism is related to freedom. To have a choice means to have consumer choice. You are what you consume. Consumption is an expression of self. It allows you to explore the world through its products, to experiment with lifestyle choices, and to do so safely and anonymously（匿名）. You might never get to France, but you can try French wine. California might be far, but you can go to Shanghai Disneyland. Indeed, the enthusiasm for choice is reflected in the enthusiasm Chinese consumers have for online shopping.
Consumerism is a statement of success. American economist Thorstein Veblen popularized the concept of “conspicuous consumption”. When consumption is no longer driven only by need, it becomes a way of making a statement that you have disposable（可自由支配的）income and you can ---at least in certain respects---enjoy life on your terms. Simple pleasures---a pair of shoes, a smartphone, designer clothing --- become statements of personal identity.
The collective experience is focused. We like participating in group events. FOMO, the Fear of Missing Out, goes beyond cultures. But I suspect this trend is stronger in China than in the West because Confucian culture does not celebrate outsiders as the West’s culture does. Social media reinforce（强化）this collective pattern so that shopping and dining are shared experiences. Opinions are crowd-sourced. And the merchants reinforce this pattern by supporting holiday sales, group buying, and other promotions.
Successful brands in China are able to handle most or all of the above considerations. The consumer must not only be delighted with your product. The journey of the consumer must also respect these socio-cultural aspects.
35．What’s mainly talked about in the passage?
A．Chinese are growing wealthier.
B．China’s fast-growing market economy.
C．Chinese socio-cultural influences on consumerism.
D．Chinese consumers’ preference for quality rather than quantity.
36．What does Paragraph 2 focus on ?
A．Shopping online is a new experience.
B．Consumption can be a reflection of freedom.
C．Foreign products can be purchased in China.
D．Shopping around the world is a favorable choice.
37．What do the underlined words “conspicuous consumption” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．The ability to cover one’s real need in daily life.
B．Spending money in order to keep up with others.
C．The purchase of expensive items to display status.
D．Buying plenty of goods and delivering them to others.
38．Why does the author suspect FOMO is stronger in China?
A．Social media play a bigger role in their lives.
B．Following the trend is what people like better.
C．Chinese people have less contact with the strangers.
D．Confucian culture is less likely to appreciate outsiders.
（三）
Everyone has a phone in their pocket nowadays, but how often do we really use them for their original purpose—to make a call? Telephone culture is disappearing. What brought us to this moment, and what are its effects?
“No one picks up the phone anymore,” wrote Alex C．Madrigal on The Atlantic. “The reflex (习惯性动作) of answering—20th-century telephonic culture—is gone.”
The shift is of course due in large part to more communication options: Texting with photos, videos, emojis, reaction gifs, links and even voice messages can be a more attractive option.
Texting is light and fun, not nearly as demanding of your attention as a phone call. It can also be done with multiple people at the same time. Social media, email and video calls have also eaten away at traditional phone calls.
In recent years, another reason has caused people to ignore phone calls completely: robocalls. Robocalls are automate (自动化的) messages from organizations verifying (核实) your phone number or telemarketers trying to sell something. Americans received 22.8 billion robocalls halfway through 2020, equaling an annual rate of 45.6 billion, slightly below 2018 numbers, according to YouMail, a robocall protection service and blocking app.
As telephone culture disappears, what is the loss of a singular family phone doing to the family unit? Early landline phones unified family members, whereas mobile phones isolate (隔离) them.
“The shared family phone served as an anchor (精神支柱) for home,” said Luke Fernandez, a Weber State University computer-science professor and co-author of Bored, Lonely, Angry, Stupid: Feelings About Technology, From the Telegraph to Twitter. “With smart phones, we have gained mobility and privacy. But the value of the home has been reduced, as has its ability to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps connect families more closely, ”Fernandez said.
Of course, as technology progresses, lives always change for better or for worse. With the loss of telephone culture, families will need to find other ways to unite.
39．What has caused the traditional telephone to lose its appeal according to the text?
A．People’s wide range of communication choices.
B．People’s growing need for privacy
C．People’s addiction to social media
D．People’s preference for robocalls
40．What can we infer from Fernandez’s remark?
A．The value of home depends on how phones are used.
B．The use of mobile phone has affected family connections.
C．Smart phones make families closer.
D．Smart phones help people monitor family behavior.
41．What does the article mainly talk about?
A．The relation between phone use and family connections
B．The development of communication tools.
C．The past and future of telephone
D．The downfall of traditional telephone culture.


Part 3 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Caneze and her parents moved to the United Sates when she was only two years old and they haven't visited their motherland for ten years. Last month, Caneze's grandfather came to see them, and the family threw a big party. But Caneze didn't spend much time with him that day. He didn't speak English,so how could she have any sort of conversation with him? Caneze spent most of that day in the study room,texting her best friend, Maya, and watching her cousins play video games. There was a huge art competition coming up at school,and Caneze and Maya were planning to compete.
“I wish you'd spent time with your grandfather instead of your phone, Caneze,” Mom said one day on the way home.
“But I don't even know him,” Caneze said, “and he doesn't speak any English. How could I talk to him?”
“And you don't speak any Ukrainian(乌克兰语), Caneze, but he'd love to get to know you. I think you may find that you two have a lot in common. ”
Two weeks later, Caneze came home from school in the afternoon to find her grandfather sitting at the kitchen table chatting with Mom happily. On the table sat some books. The old man smiled warmly at Caneze, and she smiled back as she sat down at the table. As Grandpa and Mom spoke in Ukrainian, Caneze let her mind wander. As the art competition was around the corner,
Maya and she had to be quick for their project. Suddenly, an idea for a picture came to her, so she fetched her sketchbook. Sitting at the table, she sketched while the adults talked. Then Caneze heard Mom say, “I have to run out for a few minutes. You can stay here with Grandpa. ”
Caneze suddenly felt unsure and shy, what would the two of them talk about? “This is going to be awkward,” she thought as her mind was racing for an idea for this embarrassed moment. She gave Grandpa a polite smile and then returned to the lines and shapes she had drawn on the page.
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly she sensed Grandpa was watching her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“This is beautiful - I didn't know you were an artist,”Caneze said.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
Part 1 语法填空
（一）
1．recognized
2．importance
3．who/that
4．their
5．sought
6．a
7．to save
8．as
9．interested
10．eating
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在新加坡，在小贩中心就餐是一项传统，现在因其文化重要性被联合国认可。在得到认可后，新加坡每六年向联合国教科文组织提交一份报告，显示其为保护和支持其小贩文化所做的努力。然而，新加坡的小贩文化确实面临困难。一方面由于年轻人对在餐馆工作不感兴趣，另一方面，新冠疫情阻止了人们外出就餐。
1．
考查被动语态。句意：新加坡在被称为小贩中心的地方吃饭的传统现在因其文化重要性而被联合国认可。分析可知，所填动词应是与空前“is”构成被动语态结构作为句子谓语，所填动词应是过去分词形式。“be recognized by…”，意为“被……承认；被……认可”。故填recognized。
2．
考查名词。句意：新加坡在被称为小贩中心的地方吃饭的传统现在因其文化重要性而被联合国认可。分析可知，空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，“important”，形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词形式为“importance(重要性)”，抽象概念不可数。故填importance。
3．
考查定语从句引导词。句意：小贩是指在街上叫卖食物或商品并通过向行人吆喝来宣传的商贩。分析可知，“____3____ sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street”为修饰之前名词“a person”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
4．
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：小贩出售商品的露天用餐区非常受欢迎。分析可知，空后“goods”为名词，意为“商品；货物”，因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作其定语。故填their。
5．
考查动词时态。句意：大约两年前，新加坡曾争取将小贩文化加入该名单。分析可知，所填动词应是句子谓语动词，结合后文时间状语“about two years ago”可知应是一般过去时。故填sought。
6．
考查不定冠词。句意：因为新加坡现在已经得到承认，所以必须每六年向联合国教科文组织提交一份报告。分析可知，空后“report”意为“报告”，可数名词，此处泛指一份报告，应用不定冠词作其限定词，又report是辅音音素开头。故填a。
7．
考查动词不定式。句意：这份报告必须显示新加坡为保护和支持其小贩文化所做的努力。分析可知，先行词为“efforts”，在其定语从句“the city-state has made ____7 ____ (save) and support its hawker culture”中已有谓语“has made”，所填动词应是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to save。
8．
考查介词和固定短语。句意：“这些中心作为‘社区餐厅’，来自不同背景的人们聚集在一起，分享早餐、午餐和晚餐的用餐体验，”联合国教科文组织说。serve as sth，为固定短语，意为“充当……；起……的作用”。故填as。
9．
考查形容词。句意：他们对在小餐馆工作不太感兴趣。分析可知，空前“are”为系动词，所填空应是形容词。“interest”，动词，“使感兴趣”，其形容词形式为“interesting(有趣的)”和“interested(感兴趣的)”，结合主语“They”指代人可知，应是“-ed”结尾的形容词。故填interested。
10．
考查动名词。句意：新冠肺炎的健康危机也损害了销售，阻止了外国游客外出就餐。“prevent sb. from doing”，固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中doing为动名词作宾语。故填eating。


（二）
11．dating
12．is
13．considered
14．with / including
15．were discovered
16．and
17．basically
18．important
19．which
20．cultures
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章对三星堆遗址的构成、重要性和对三星堆遗址的研究进行了介绍。
11．
考查现在分词。句意：2021年3月17日，四川广汉三星堆遗址发现了6个“祭祀坑”，其历史可以追溯到3200年到4000年之间。动词date意为“始于（某一历史时期）”，和主语Six “sacrificial pits”构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填dating。
12．
考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：6个坑中最大的19平方米，最小的3.5平方米。主语“The biggest pit”为第三人称单数，根据“the smallest is 3.5 square meters”可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
13．
考查过去分词。句意：三星堆遗址被认为是长江上游最重要的考古遗址之一，占地面积12平方公里，其核心区是一个占地3.6平方公里的古城。动词consider意为“认为”，和主语“The Sanxingdui Ruins site”构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填considered。
14．
考查介词。句意：三星堆遗址被认为是长江上游最重要的考古遗址之一，占地面积12平方公里，其核心区是一个占地3.6平方公里的古城。此处是指三星堆遗址有或包含一个占地3.6平方公里的古城，可用介词with表示“有”，或用介词including表示“包括”。故填with / including。
15．
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：然而，对该遗址的大规模挖掘直到1986年才开始，当时偶然发现了两个被广泛认为是祭祀仪式的坑。根据“large- scale excavation (挖掘) on the site only began in 1986”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词discover意为“发现”，和主语two pits构成被动关系，主语two pits为复数。故填were discovered。
16．
考查连词。句意：这些新发现将有助于更好地理解1986年许多无法解释的发现，8个坑的相似形状和发现基本上确定了它们的功能应该是祭祀坑。前文“The new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986”和后文“the similar shapes and findings in the eight pits...make sure their function should be sacrificial pits”构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。
17．
考查副词。句意：这些新发现将有助于更好地理解1986年许多无法解释的发现，8个坑的相似形状和发现基本上确定了它们的功能应该是祭祀坑。修饰动词make应用副词。故填basically。
18．
考查形容词。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。修饰名词project应用形容词。故填important。
19．
考查定语从句。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为project，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
20．
考查名词复数。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。名词culture意为“多种文化”，为可数名词，在diverse后应用复数形式。故填cultures。


（三）
21．have featured
22．basis
23．a
24．historical
25．have been performed
26．through
27．formation
28．increasingly
29．unity
30．that
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的特征，但同时也在不断的交流，正是这种对立与统一才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。
21．
考查动词时态。句意：从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的层次，在村庄、地区、宗族、宗教团体等基础上形成了鲜明的特征。分析句子结构可知，动词feature在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语Since the very beginning of human race可知，这里指从人类诞生开始，文明就“已经呈现”不同层次，所以用现在完成时，and连接的并列句子中的谓语 have been formed也给出了提示。故填 have featured。
22．
考查名词。句意：从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的层次，在村庄、地区、宗族、宗教团体等基础上形成了鲜明的特征。由空格前的“on the”可以判断本空填名词形式。base的名词形式是basis，“on the basis of在……基础上”。故填basis。
23．
考查冠词。句意：一方面，每一种文化都是与环境相适应的系统，是人们几千年生活经验的结晶，是人类历史和艺术价值的遗产。system是可数名词单数，不能单独用来做表语，前面需要有限定词，根据语境，每一种文化都是“一个”系统，表示泛指，故填a。
24．
考查形容词。一方面，每一种文化都是与环境相适应的系统，是人们几千年生活经验的结晶，是人类历史和艺术价值的遗产。and是并列连词，连接空格和artistic，修饰名词values，所以判断空格处填形容词。故填historical。
25．
考查动词。句意:另一方面，不同文明之间，各种形式的交流通过日常交往和经济活动被表现。“perform表演；做；执行 ”。根据语境，动作已经完成且用被动语态，同时，and连接并列句，句子谓语have been replaced也给出提示，所以使用完成时的被动时，主语是forms。故填have been performed。
26．
考查介词。句意:另一方面，各种形式的交流通过日常交往和经济活动被表现。本空没有提示，后面接并列的名词，所以考虑填介词。根据语境，这种交流是“通过” 日常交往和经济活动进行。故填through。
27．
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界资本主义市场的形成，国家和地方的自给自足和闭关自守的政策已被各民族之间各方面的交流和相互依赖所取代。由前面的冠词the和后面接of可知，空格处应该填名词。form作“形成”意思时，名词形式是“formation”。故填formation。
28．
考查副词动词。句意：每个民族的精神产品都有一些共同的财富，这使得民族的单边主义和有限性日益成为可能。possible是形容词，根据句子结构，空格修饰possible，所以应该填副词。故填increasingly。
29．
考查名词。句意：世界历史的发展表明，正是这种对立与统一以及不同文明之间的融合与交流才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个名词，所以空格处应填名词。unite的名词是unity。故填unity。
30．
考查强调句。句意：世界历史的发展表明，正是这种对立与统一以及不同文明之间的融合与交流才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。本句是强调句，被强调部分是“the opposition and 　　　　9　　　　（unite）as well as integration and exchanges between different civilizations”，所以空格处填that。
【点睛】
语法填空题是在理解语篇的基础上完成语法题，所以解题时不可脱离语篇。要通读全文， 把握大意。此时，可将有提示词的题作为突破点，这样就可以了解语篇的内容及要点。然后，结合语境，试填其它空格。最后，再通读全文，检查并确定答案。
Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
31．C
32．A
33．A
34．D
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，社会应予以保护。
31．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Immediately, he said: “That's quite a strange combination. It's like, this must be done absolutely perfectly... tomorrow”. (他马上说：“这是一个相当奇怪的组合。这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天”)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. (这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“If however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. (然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以看作是一种文化特征)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征。故选A。
33．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence (冒犯) in those cultures. (政治家们必须时刻注意不同国家的文化特征。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免在这些文化中造成冒犯)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。
34．
推理判断题。根据文章尤其是最后三段内容，特别是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups? (所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。
（二）
35．C
36．B
37．C
38．D
【分析】
本文是议论文，主要讲述了中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。
35．
主旨大意题。第一段提出“there are some social and cultural aspects at play that drive consumer spending.”一些社会和文化因素在推动消费者消费。第二段提出“Consumerism is related to freedom. ”消费和自由相关。第三段说“Consumerism is a statement of success.”消费主义是成功的象征。第四段说“The collective experience is focused. ”消费是集体经验的体现。最后一段说“Successful brands in China are able to handle most or all of the above considerations. ”在中国成功的品牌能够处理以上大部分或全部的考虑。可知文章主要讲述了，在中国，哪几个社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出，即中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。故选C项。
36．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Consumption is an expression of self. It allows you to explore the world through its products, to experiment with lifestyle choices, and to do so safely and anonymously”消费是一种自我的表达。它让你可以通过它的产品来探索世界，体验生活方式的选择，而且是安全和匿名的。可知，第二段强调消费与自由的关系，消费是自我的表现，通过消费，人们能够得到自由，所以本段主要讲消费可以是自由的反映，故选B项。
37．
词义猜测题。根据划线部分后文“When consumption is no longer driven only by need, it becomes a way of making a statement that you have disposable（可自由支配的）income and you can ---at least in certain respects---enjoy life on your terms. Simple pleasures---a pair of shoes, a smartphone, designer clothing --- become statements of personal identity.”当消费不再仅仅由需求驱动时，它就变成了一种声明，表明你有可支配收入，你可以—至少在某些方面—按自己的方式享受生活。一双鞋、一部智能手机、一件设计师设计的服装，这些简单的快乐成为了个人身份的证明。可知，消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时，消费就成了一种成功的象征，因此conspicuous consumption指的是购买昂贵物品以获得个人身份，故选C项。
38．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We like participating in group events. FOMO, the Fear of Missing Out, goes beyond cultures. But I suspect this trend is stronger in China than in the West because Confucian culture does not celebrate outsiders as the West’s culture does.”我们喜欢参加集体活动。“错失恐惧症”指的是害怕错过，它超越了文化层面。但我怀疑这种趋势在中国比在西方更强烈，因为儒家文化不像西方文化那样赞美外来者。可知FOMO这种趋势在中国很强烈，是因为儒家文化不太可能欣赏外来者，故选D项。
（三）
39．A
40．B
41．D
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了传统电话文化消失的原因和这一现象带来的影响。
39．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The reflex (习惯性动作) of answering—20th-century telephonic culture—is gone.(接电话的习惯性动作——21世界电话文化——消失了)”和第三段“The shift is of course due in large part to more communication options: Texting with photos, videos, emojis, reaction gifs, links and even voice messages can be a more attractive option.(当然，这种转变在很大程度上是由于更多的交流选择：用照片、视频、表情符号、反应动图、链接甚至语音信息发短信都是更有吸引力的选择)”可知，正是许多新的交流方式出现，让传统电话失去了吸引力。故选A项。
40．
细节理解题。根据第七段Fernandez的评论“With smart phones, we have gained mobility and privacy. But the value of the home has been reduced, as has its ability to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps connect families more closely, (智能手机让我们获得了移动性和隐私性。但家的价值降低了，因为引导、监管家庭行为的能力和让家庭更可能紧密地联系在一起的能力降低了)”可知，Fernandez认为智能手机或者移动电话会降低家庭成员间的联系。故选B项。
41．
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Telephone culture is disappearing. What brought us to this moment, and what are its effects? (电话文化正在消失。是什么把我们带到了这一刻?它带来了什么影响?)”可知，文章介绍了传统电话文化消失的原因和影响，D项“The downfall of traditional telephone culture.(传统电话文化的衰落)”是最佳大意。故选D项。

Part 3 读后续写
Suddenly she sensed Grandpa was watching her. Pointing at the page, Caneze said, “This is a sketchbook. ” The old man nodded with happiness. Then she stood up, walked away and came back minutes later carrying a laptop. He typed as Caneze sketched. After a few minutes, Grandpa tapped Caneze on the shoulder and pointed to the laptop screen. Caneze moved her chair closer to his so that she could see better. The open page was an online picture from whose name Caneze could tell that it was just Grandpa's.
“This is beautiful—I didn't know you were an artist,” Caneze said. On hearing this, Grandpa's face broadened into a big smile. Swiftly, Caneze showed her grandfather some of her own work. He smiled, giving her a thumb-up. Later, when Mom returned, neither Caneze nor Grandpa seemed to notice. They were occupied in drawing together. “Apparently, Caneze finally found a common language between her and grandfather, which boosted their mutual understanding.” Mom thought, with a sweet smile brightening（across）her face. It is drawing/art that is/becomes a common language between people.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Caneze小时候和父母一起移民到美国，住在乌克兰的爷爷来看望他们，由于语言不通，爷孙俩无法交流。妈妈让Caneze和爷爷多交流，但Caneze将心思都放在了即将到来的艺术节比赛上。在一次不经意间交流中，Caneze发现爷爷是一位艺术家，并给爷爷展示了自己的绘画作品，Caneze终于在她和爷爷之间在艺术上找到了共同的语言。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，她感觉到爷爷在看着她。”可知，第一段可描写Caneze和爷爷开始有了相互的交流。
②由第二段首句内容““这太美了——我不知道你是个艺术家，”Caneze说。”可知，第二段Caneze和爷爷在艺术上找到了共同语言，两人相处很融洽。
2.续写线索：被爷爷盯着看——爷爷拿电脑——发现爷爷是艺术家——给爷爷看自己的作品——一起画画——有了共同语言
3.词汇激活行为类
①感觉到：feel/sense
②走开：walk away/go away
③画：draw/paint/picture
情绪类
①微笑：smile/beam
②幸福：happiness/welfare
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Pointing at the page, Caneze said, “This is a sketchbook. ”（运用了现在分词短语作句子状语）
[高分句型2] Apparently, Caneze finally found a common language between her and grandfather, which boosted their mutual understanding”.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3] It is drawing/art that is/becomes a common language between people.（运用了强调句型it + be +被强调部分+that从句）