专题16 有成就之人 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019）

这是一份专题16 有成就之人 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019），共18页。

专题16 有成就之人

Part 1 语法填空
（一）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A heartwarming letter written by Yuan Longping has caught international attention as the world is mourning（哀悼）over his passing away. In 2010, at the age of 80, Yuan wrote the letter 1． memory of his late mother, Hua Jing. In the letter, 2． (name) “The Rice is Ripe, Mom”, Yuan looked back to the old days with his mother in Anjiang town in central China's Hunan province, 3． his mother was buried in 1989.
“Mom, the rice is ripe. Can you smell it? It seems as if your laugh is still ringing in Anjiang. I can still see my son holding 4． (you) hands to help you walk through the rice field.” he wrote.
Born in a 5． (wealth) family in Yangzhou, eastern China's Jiangsu province, Hua was well educated and open minded. She taught Yuan English and the 6． (thought) of Nietzsche（尼采）when he was very young. Having never worked in the fields, Hua moved to Anjiang town to support her 7． (son) research.
“Mom, the rice is ripe and I come back to Anjiang 8． (see) you. Every time when I 9． (be) able to deliver a speech to the audience from around the world or take a prize in my study, I always thought of you. You made me who I am. People say I've changed the word with o tiny rice seed, but I know you had planted the seed in me when I was sill 10． little boy, mom.”
（二）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the 11． (discover) of artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. It is believed that it saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Born in Ningbo, China in 1930, Tu Youyou is a 12． (commit) and patient scientist. In 1967, some scientists were chosen to form a team 13． the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, one of 14． was Tu Youyou. To find a new treatment, Tu and her team looked through many ancient Chinese medical texts and evaluated 280,000 plants before 15． (obtain) the pure substance artemisinin. Inspired by a text from the fourth century, Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves and used the liquid by boiling fresh wormwood, 16．they didn't work. Tu Youyou realized that the high temperature might have destroyed 17．(it) medical properties. She tried using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. After failing more than 190 times, the team 18．（final) succeeded in finding a substance that worked. After the drug showed promising results, Tu and her team members insisted that the drug should 19．（test) on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
Awarded the Nobel Prize, Tu said, the honor was not just hers but the team's and all the people of her country's. This success is indeed 20． honor for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine.
（三）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In April, Zhejiang’s elementary schools made the set of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) textbooks available to the public, which were 21． first of their kind in China, making the province a pioneer in teaching the subject to 22． (pupil) in the country. With 36 lessons for fifth-grade students so far, the textbooks include fundamental knowledge of TCM.
TCM, which has made great contributions to the prosperity of China, 23． (be) an integral part of Chinese culture. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, long history and remarkable effects, has been used 24． (treat) cancer and other serious diseases. It is widely used in China and is becoming 25． (increasing) popular and recognized worldwide. Today 26． of TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China.
TCM has achieved a new level in the prevention and treatment of common diseases. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, TCM 27． (play) a vital role. Zhong Nanshan, 28． has been devoting his life to medicine, said that TCM 29． (combine) with western medicine made great contributions to the cure for COVID-19. According to the statistics, the rate of recovery was up to 90%. 30．, it’s thought that the spring of TCM is not far away.


Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
31．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists?
A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent,
C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science
32．What’s the purpose of the intervention?
A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
33．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent
34．What can we learn from the research?
A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D．Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
（二）
Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
"How surprising do you think it is that you're the third woman to win this prize?"
"Well, that is surprising, isn't it? I think that's the story of Maria that people want to talk about — that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized?"
Physics still has one of the largest gender (性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year's winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
35．Which of the following best explains the underlined word "groundbreaking" in Paragraph 2?
A．Active. B．Amazing.
C．Creative. D．Interesting.
36．What do we know about Professor Strickland's achievement?
A．She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.
B．She supported equality between man and women.
C．She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.
D．She invented a way of using lasers as cutting tools.
37．When did the second woman winning the Nobel Prize in Physics win the honor?
A．In 1903. B．In 1958.
C．In 1963. D．In 1985.
38．What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4?
A．Women's achievements in physics are as great as men's.
B．Women's achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C．Maria's discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D．Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research.
（三）
I started out in life with few advantages. I didn't graduate from high school. I worked at menial (不体面的) jobs. I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.
And then I began asking, "Why are some people more successful than others?" This question changed my life.
Over the years, I have read thousands of books and articles on the subjects of success and achievement(成就). It seems that the reasons have been discussed and written about for more than two thousand years, in every possible way. One quality that most philosophers, teachers and experts agree on is the importance of self-discipline (自律). As Al Tomsik summarized it years ago, "Success is tons of discipline."
Some years ago, I attended a conference in Washington. It was the lunch break and I was eating at a nearby food fair. The area was crowded and I sat down at the last open table by myself, even though it was a table for four. A few minutes later, an older gentleman and a younger woman who was his assistant came along carrying trays of food, obviously looking for a place to sit. With plenty of room at my table, I immediately invited the older gentleman to join me. He was hesitant (犹豫), but I insisted. Finally, thanking me as he sat down, we began to chat over lunch.
It turned out that his name was Kop Kopmeyer. As it happened, I immediately knew who he was. He was a legend in the field of success and achievement. Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study. I had read all four books from cover to cover, more than once.
After we had chatted for a while, I asked him the question that many people in this situation would ask, "Of all the one thousand success principles that you have discovered, which do you think is the most important?”
He smiled at me, as if he had been asked this question many times, and replied, without hesitating, "The most important success principle of all was stated by Thomas Huxley many years ago. He said, 'Do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you feel like it or not.'"
He went on to say, "There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and experience, but without self-discipline, none of them work."
39．Why did the writer ask the question in Paragraph 2 ?
A．Because he wasn't satisfied with himself.
B．Because he was a person of self-discipline.
C．Because he dislike those successful people.
D．Because he wanted to share his idea on success.
40．What made the writer invite the older gentleman to join him ?
A．His great kindness. B．The gentleman's fame.
C．His eagerness for success. D．The gentleman's habit.
41．What are the four large books about ?
A．Personal changes B．The secret of success
C．Sayings of wisdom D．The gentleman's manners.
42．What's the best title for the text ?
A．The Magic of Reading B．An Unexpected Conversation
C．A Question that Changed My Life D．The Power of Self-discipline
Part 3 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Years ago, in a small fishing village in Holland, a young boy taught the world about the rewards of unselfish service．
Because the entire village lived on fishing, a volunteer rescue team was needed in case of emergency. One night, the winds screaming, a fishing boat was turned over by a strong storm at sea．The crew(全体船 员) in trouble sent out the S.O.S signals．The captain of the rescue rowboat team sounded the alarm(警报) and the villagers gathered in the town square overlooking the sea．When the team got on their rescue boat and fought their way through the wild waves, the villagers waited nervously on the beach, holding lamps(灯) to light the way back．
An hour later, the rescue boat reappeared through the fog( 雾 ) and the cheering villagers ran to greet them．Falling exhausted(精疲力竭的) on the sand, the volunteers reported that the rescue boat could not hold any more passengers and they had to leave one man behind ．Even one more passenger would have surely overturned the rescue boat and all the people on board would have been lost．
Anxiously, the captain called for another volunteer team to look for the survivor ．Sixteen-year-old Hans stepped forward ． His mother held his arm, crying, “please don't go ． Your father died in a shipwreck(船只失事)10 years ago and your elder brother, Paul, has been lost at sea for three weeks．Hans, you are all I have left．”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hans replied, “Mother, I have to go．
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After what seemed a century, the rescue boat finally broke through the thick fog, with Hans standing in the bow(船头), waving to the waiting crowds.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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参考答案
Part 1 语法填空
（一）
1．in
2．named
3．where
4．your
5．wealthy
6．thoughts
7．son’s
8．to see
9．was
10．a
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了袁隆平写给母亲的信，信中表明了他的母亲对他的影响，以及他表达了对母亲的思念之情。
1．
考查介词。句意：在2010年，80岁的袁隆平写下一封信来纪念他的母亲，华静。in memory of为固定搭配，表示“纪念”，故填in。
2．
考查过去分词。句意：在这封叫做“妈妈，稻子熟了”的信中，袁回想起在中国湖南省中部的安江镇和母亲在一起的日子，他的母亲于1989年埋葬在安江镇。分析句子结构可知，空处做非谓语动词用来修饰前面的letter，做定语，letter和name是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填named。
3．
考查定语从句关系副词。句意：在这封叫做“妈妈，稻子熟了”的信中，袁回想起在中国湖南省中部的安江镇和母亲在一起的日子，他的母亲于1989年埋葬在安江镇。分析句子结构可知，“________ his mother was buried in 1989.”是定语从句，先行词是Anjiang town，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词，故填where。
4．
考查物主代词。句意：他写到，“我仍然记得我的儿子牵着你的手来帮你走过稻田”。根据后面的hands可知，空处填形容词性物主代词，用来修饰hands，故填your。
5．
考查形容词。句意：华静出生在中国江苏省东部的扬州一个富有的家庭，她受到很好的教育并且思想开放。根据后面的family可知，空处用形容词来修饰名词family，故填wealthy。
6．
考查名词单复数。句意：她在袁很小的时候，教袁英语和尼采的思想。根据句意可知，空处应用名词形式做teach的宾语，thought表示“思想”是可数名词，应用复数形式，故填thoughts。
7．
考查名词所有格。句意：华静从没下过田，她搬到安江镇来支持她的儿子的研究。根据句意可知，空处表示“儿子的”，应用名词所有格，故填son’s。
8．
考查非谓语动词。句意：妈妈，大米熟了，我回安江来看你了。根据句意可知，空处是非谓语动词，表示目的，应用动词不定式形式，故填to see。
9．
考查系动词和时态。句意：每回当我能对世界各地的观众发表演讲时或者在我的研究中获奖时，我总会想起你。根据句意和主句“I always thought of you”可知，句子表达的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填was。
10．
考查冠词。句意：人们说我用小小的大米种子改变了世界，但是我知道当我很小时你就在我内心种下了这颗种子，妈妈。根据下文“little boy,”可知，此处表示泛指，且little不是以元音音素开头的单词，应用a，故填a。
（二）
11．discovery
12．committed
13．with
14．whom
15．obtaining
16．but
17．its
18．finally
19．be tested
20．an
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国女科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事。
【详解】
1.考查名词。句意：中国女性科学家屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖，是由于她发现了抗疟新药青蒿素，这种药已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分。根据前面的定冠词the可知，空处是名词，做介词for的宾语，且此处表示特指发现抗疟新药青蒿素，应用单数，故填discovery。

2.考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦于1930出生在中国宁波。她是一个坚定地和有耐心的科学家。根据句意可知，空处是形容词做定语，表示“坚定的”，修饰名词scientist(科学家)，故填committed。
3.考查介词。句意：在1967年，一些科学家被选中组成一个团队，目的是发现一种新的治疗疟疾的方法，其中一个科学家就是屠呦呦。根据句意可知，with the objective of是固定搭配，表示“目的是......”，故填with。
4.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在1967年，一些科学家被选中组成一个团队，目的是发现一种新的治疗疟疾的方法，其中一个科学家就是屠呦呦。分析句子结构可知，“one of__________was Tu Youyou.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是scientists(科学家)，指人，且空处是做介词of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who，故填whom。
5.考查动名词。句意：为了找到一种新的治疗方法，屠呦呦和她的团队浏览了许多中国古代医学文献，在获得纯青蒿素之前评估了280000颗植物。空处是做介词before(在......之前)的宾语，介词后面的动词应用动名词形式，所以obtain(得到；获得)应用动名词形式做宾语，故填obtaining。
6.考查连词。句意：屠呦呦的团队受到四世纪的一个文献的启发，测试了一堆干艾草叶子，使用煮沸的新鲜艾草液体，但是这些东西没有效果。根据句意可知，前后两句是折关系，应用连词but(但是)，故填but。
7.考查代词。句意：屠呦呦意识到高温或许能摧毁药性。由后面的名词properties(特性)可知，空处用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，修饰properties，故填its。
8.考查副词。句意：在失败了190次后，这个团队最终成功发现有效果的一种物质。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词形式，finally表示“最终”，故填finally。
9.考查被动语态。句意：在这个药显示出有希望的结果后，屠呦呦和她的团队坚持让药物在他们自己身上测试，以确保药是安全的。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，test(测试)和drug(药)是被动关系，且情态动词should后面应用动词原形，故填be tested。
10.考查冠词。句意：这次成功确实是中国科学研究何中医的一项荣誉。根据句意可知，honour(荣誉)是可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且honour的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。
（三）
21．the
22．pupils
23．is
24．to treat
25．increasingly
26．both
27．has played
28．who
29．combined
30．Therefore/So
【分析】
本文是新闻报道。今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生中医的先驱。文章介绍了中医的作用和重要贡献。
21．
考查冠词。句意：今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生这一学科的先驱。序数词first前用定冠词限定，故填the。
22．
考查名词复数。句意：今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生这一学科的先驱。根据句意可知，此处指浙江省的所有小学生，pupil是可数名词，用复数形式，故填pupils。
23．
考查主谓一致。句意：中医药为中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了巨大贡献，是中华文化的重要组成部分。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时。句中主语TCM是单数，故填is。
24．
考查不定式。句意：中医以其独特的诊断方法、悠久的历史和显著的疗效，被用于治疗癌症和其他重大疾病。“被用于做某事”是be used to do，故填to treat。
25．
考查副词。句意：它在中国被广泛使用，并在世界范围内越来越受欢迎和认可。修饰形容词popular用副词，故填increasingly。
26．
考查代词。句意：今天，中医和西医在中国的医疗卫生服务中并举。此处指TCM 和western medicine两者，“两者都”是both，故填both。
27．
考查动词时态。句意：新冠肺炎大流行以来，中医药发挥了重要作用。时间状语Since the COVID-19 pandemic和现在完成时连用，主语TCM是单数，故填has played。
28．
考查定语从句。句意：钟南山毕生从事医学研究，他说，中西医结合为新型冠状病毒肺炎的治疗做出了巨大贡献。句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是Zhong Nanshan，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。
29．
考查过去分词。句意：钟南山毕生从事医学研究，他说，中西医结合为新型冠状病毒肺炎的治疗做出了巨大贡献。宾语从句中已有谓语动词made，此处用非谓语动词。从句主语TCM和动词combine是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填combined。
30．
考查副词。句意：因此，人们认为中医的春天已经不远了。上句介绍中医在治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎中起的重要作用，与下句是因果关系，故填Therefore/So。
Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
31．C
32．D
33．D
34．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即，了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。
31．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C项。
32．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D项。
33．
词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“显著的；明星的”含义，与选项D“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选D项。
34．
推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。
（二）
35．C
36．D
37．B
38．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
【详解】
1.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics.”（她和其他获奖者因诺贝尔委员会所称的激光物理学的突破性发明而获奖。）可知，能获得诺贝尔奖一定是创造性的发明。A. Active积极的；B. Amazing令人惊奇的；C. Creative具有创造力的；D. Interesting有趣的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.”（斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法。）可知，她发明了一种利用激光作为精确切割工具的方法。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Professor Strickland is one of the recipients(接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time.”（斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，当时她的博士导师杰拉德·穆鲁(Gerard Mourou)也在该奖之列。)可知，斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；第四段中“that why should it take 60 years?”（那为什么要花60年?）和最后一段中“The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre.”（上一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是出生于德国的玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶尔(Maria Goeppert-Mayer)，她因发现原子核而获奖。在此之前，玛丽居里(Marie Curie)和丈夫皮埃尔(Pierre)共同获得1903年诺贝尔和平奖。）由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.”（物理学仍然是科学界性别差距最大的领域之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，这一领域的高级男女研究人员人数相等将需要两个多世纪。）可知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
（三）
39．A
40．A
41．B
42．D
【分析】
本文为一篇记叙文，通过描写作者与一位年长绅士的对话，表达了作者认为自律对于成功有着非常关键的作用的观点。
【详解】
1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I started out in life with few advantages. I didn't graduate from high school. I worked at menial jobs. I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.”（我刚开始的时候没什么优势。 我高中没毕业。 我做着卑微的工作。 我受的教育有限，技能有限，前途有限。）及第二段关键句“And then I began asking, "Why are some people more successful than others?"”（然后我开始问:“为什么有些人比其他人更成功?” ）可知，作者询问问题是因为他对自己不满意。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“With plenty of room at my table, I immediately invited the older gentleman to join me. ”（由于我的餐桌上有足够的空间，我立即邀请了那位年长的绅士和我一起用餐。）可知，作者邀请年长的绅士加入自己是因为他看见绅士在寻找位置，好心邀请他就座。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段关键句“Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study. ”（科普·科梅耶写了四本书，每本都包含250条成功原则，这些原则是他从50多年的研究和研究中获得的。）可知，四本书是关于成功的秘诀的。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段关键句“One quality that most philosophers, teachers and experts agree on is the importance of self-discipline.”（大多数哲学家、教师和专家都认同的一个品质是自律的重要性。）及最后一段关键句“He went on to say, "There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and experience, but without self-discipline, none of them work."”（他接着说:“我在阅读和经验中发现了其他999条成功原则，但如果没有自律，它们都不起作用。”）可知，本文通过作者的切身经历，告诉我们自律对于成功的重要性。因此， “The Power of Self-discipline”（自律的力量）符合本文主题。故选D项。

Part 3读后续写
Hans replied, “Mother, I have to go．What if everyone said he can't go, let someone else do it? Mother, this time I have to do my duty．When the call for service comes , we all need to take our turn and do our part．”Although his mother still hoped her son could change his mind, Hans kissed his mother, joined the team and disappeared into the night．
After what seemed a century, the rescue boat finally broke through the thick fog , with Hans standing up in the bow(船头), waving to the waiting crowds．On seeing the boat, the crowd, who had been waiting with anxiety, now burst into cheers. All the people went up to welcome the rescue team. Cupping his hands, the captain called, “did you find the lost man?” Hardly able to control himself, Hans excitedly cried back, “Yes, we found him. Tell my mother it's my elder brother, Paul!”
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个小男孩向世界宣讲了无私服务的回报的故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“汉斯回答说:“妈妈，我得走了”可知，第一段可描写小男孩坚持自己去。
②由第二段首句内容“似乎过了一个世纪，救援船终于冲破了浓雾，汉斯站在船头，向等待的人群挥手致意。”可知，第二段可描写救援船回归，找到了失踪的人--保罗。
2.续写线索：海难—— 小男孩自告奋勇—— 等待—— 回归
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.加入：join/take part in/participate in
②.欢呼：cheer/burst into cheers
情绪类
①. 焦虑：with anxiety/anxious/nervous
②.兴奋：excitedly/with excitement
【点睛】
[高分句型1]On seeing the boat, the crowd, who had been waiting with anxiety, now burst into cheers.（who 引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]Cupping his hands, the captain called, “did you find the lost man?”（非谓语动词作状语）