专题06 阅读理解CD篇+七选五+语法填空-冲刺2022高考英语名校最新模拟试题组合练习

冲刺2022高考英语名校最新模拟试题限时组合练习

专题06 阅读理解CD篇+七选五+语法填空

（时间：35分钟 满分：41分）

第一节 （共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分）

A

（2022·山东日照·一模）Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”. More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.

For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response. In other words, it appears that plants can “hear” themselves being chewed on.

Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond to pressure found within their cell membranes. Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell, which can change the behavior of the proteins; however, additional study will be required to confirm or deny this theory.

Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.

“We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture,” said study author Heidi Appel.

The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are. For instance, some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air. Plants can respond to light (think about sunflowers) and temperature. Some can even respond to touch, such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草), which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.

1．Why did researchers carry out the study?

A．To find out if plants can react to sounds.

B．To learn how plants recognize dangers.

C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves.

D．To see how plants improve immune systems.

2．What’s the potential use of researchers’ discovery?

A．To remove insects. B．To protect crops.

C．To treat plant diseases. D．To produce chemicals.

3．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．There are more plants than we know.

B．Plants are more active than we think.

C．Plants fit in well with their environments.

D．Lots of secrets about plants remain unclear.

4．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Can plants “talk” with each other?

B．How do plants make use of sounds?

C．Can plants “hear” themselves being eaten?

D．How do plants defend themselves against attacks?

B

（2022·山东潍坊·一模）Being taken off the endangered species list doesn't guarantee a carefree future for whales. Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales off North America's West Coast has dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016. Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska. The National Marine Fisheries Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event”. UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off” occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.

The Arctic has historically low levels of sea ice in recent years, upending the delicate ecosystem that sustains gray whales. Like other migrators, they don't feed on their winter breeding (繁殖) grounds or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year. Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition, which suggested they were not finding enough food during the summer.

This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago, when another UME resulted in a significant drop in the gray whale population. Although the cause was ultimately undetermined, it's thought that the population reached “carrying capacity”—it grew too large for the environment to support it. Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.

Gray whales, hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century, were one of the first to be protected from hunting. The Eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the Endangered Species List; the Western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered. This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future. New threats arise, climate change upends habitats, and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.

5．What does the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Increased. B．Bounced.

C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.

6．What will gray whales usually do in winter?

A．Consume few calories. B．Travel south to breed.

C．March back to Alaska. D．Seek food in the Arctic.

7．What might be the main cause of the current UME?

A．Serious illnesses. B．Sea pollution.

C．Environmental changes. D．Limited carrying capacity.

8．What's the author's attitude to the “delisting”?

A．Favorable. B．Concerned.

C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

（2021·四川·石室中学模拟预测）As adolescents, having a great impact on the world may seem like an impossible task. Changing the world does not only mean finding a cure for cancer, or finding the origin of human beings, but also recycling some things as well. ___9___

Recycle.

According to a report, 63 million newspapers go out to customers every day and of those 44 million are thrown away. Recycling the Sunday newspapers alone we could save half a million trees a week.

The age of technology constantly creates new phones, iPads, or new computers. Many people will stand in line for hours to get their hands on the new technology, but about 75% of the old devices sit in the back of a drawer collecting dust. ___10___

Go vegetarian one day a week.

 ___11___ The environmental Defense concludes that if the entire population omitted one meal of chicken, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated would be the same amount as more than half a million cars are taken off the US roads.

Ditch (丢弃) bottled water.

Most people drink bottled water because of the common conception that bottled water is healthier than regular tap water. ___12___ All that is done extra is water going through a filter (过滤器). Companies do not need to list where they get the water from, how they purify the water, or what chemicals their plastic water bottles contain. As a result, 90% of the plastic bottles do not get recycled. ___13___

A．Let's take action right now.

B．Having more vegetables is beneficial to our health.

C．The following are some astonishing facts about that.

D．Actually, 25% of bottled water comes from regular tap water.

E．It contributes to 1.5 million tons of plastic ending up in landfills.

F．By taking them to the local stores that collect them they go to people in need.

G．What follows are three simple ways adolescents can go green and change the world.

第三节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

（2022·湖南岳阳·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

Participating in the random culture is no longer simply a hobby, ____14____ a form of data labour. From celebrity ranking lists based on followers and engagement, to singing TV contests ____15____ (allow)the public to cast votes, fans have become active ____16____ (participate)in feeding the idol worship machine like never before. But in many instanced, their behaviour has turned toxic. From stalking ____17____ cyber-bullying and spreading rumors, organized fan groups have increasingly taken ____18____ (they) “love” to crazy extreme.

“The chaos in celebrity fan clubs shows that bad fan culture has reached ____19____ critical moment that must be corrected,” the country's top disciplinary body said on a post.

There needs to be a limitation of irrational star-chasing. If celebrities are expected to be models, then it is natural that online fan groups need to be regulated too ____20____ (promote)a healthy internet culture overall.

Already, all the major social media platforms ____21____ (respond) to the government's call, removing celebrity ranking lists and shutting select fan accounts. Competitive idol reality TV shows, many of ____22____ rely on fan participation, were also banned. It is an attempt to protect young people from being _____23_____ (negative) impacted.

参考答案：

1．A

2．B

3．B

4．C

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。

1．

细节理解题。根据第一段中“More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。

2．

细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。

3．

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。

4．

主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。

5．D

6．B

7．C

8．B

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是被从濒危物种名单上除名并不能保证鲸鱼的未来无忧无虑。最近的研究估计，自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一。

5．

词句猜测题。根据下文“Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska.(从2019年开始，从墨西哥到阿拉斯加，人们在海滩上和海上发现了数量惊人的死灰鲸。)”可知，划线词所说的是“自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一”，因此划线词的意思是“减少”，即Dropped，故选D。

6．

推理判断题。根据第二段的“Like other migrators, they don't feed on their winter breeding (繁殖) grounds or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year.(和其他迁徙者一样，它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙路线中进食，必须在夏季增加体重，以维持一年余下的时间。)”及“Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition(使用空中摄影的观察人员注意到，这些鲸鱼看起来更瘦了，抵达墨西哥时身体状况很差)”可推断出，灰鲸在冬天通常会南下到墨西哥繁殖，即Travel south to breed，故选B。

7．

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.(虽然这种观点也被认为是导致这种灭绝的原因，但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化。)”可知，当前UME的主要原因是环境的变化。故选C。

8．

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future.(这次灭绝提醒人们，“除名”并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。)”可知，作者对“除名”的态度是担忧的，即Concerned，故选B。

9．G

10．F

11．C

12．D

13．E

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三条环保小贴士，旨在告诉青少年们也可从通过做一些小事来改变世界。

9．

根据上文“Changing the world does not only mean finding a cure for cancer, or finding the origin of human beings, but also recycling some things as well.(改变世界不仅仅意味着找到治愈癌症的方法，或者找到人类的起源，还意味着回收一些东西)”和下文段落小标题介绍的三种青少年也可以改变世界的环保小贴士可知，空处承上启下，说明要介绍青少年可以改变世界的方法。G项：What follows are three simple ways adolescents can go green and change the world. (以下是青少年可以绿色生活并改变世界的三个简单方法) 符合语境。故选G。

10．

根据段落小标题“recycle(回收利用)”和上文“but about 75% of the old devices sit in the back of a drawer collecting dust(但是75%的旧设备都躺在抽屉里吸灰尘)”可知，本句应提倡回收利用。F项：By taking them to the local stores that collect them they go to people in need.（通过把它们带到当地的商店，这些商店将它们收集起来，送到需要帮助的人那里。）符合语境。故选F。

11．

根据下文“The environmental Defense concludes that if the entire population omitted one meal of chicken, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated would be the same amount as more than half a million cars are taken off the US roads.(环境保护协会的结论是，如果整个人口少吃一顿鸡肉，所积累的二氧化碳量将相当于超过50万辆汽车从美国道路上消失)”可知，这样一个小小的举动却造成如此大的改变，是令人震惊的事实。C项：The following are some astonishing facts about that. (下面是一些令人震惊的事实) 符合语境。故选C。

12．

根据上文“Most people drink bottled water because of the common conception that bottled water is healthier than regular tap water.(大多数人喝瓶装水是因为普遍认为瓶装水比普通自来水更健康)”和下文“All that is done extra is water going through a filter.(所有这些额外做的是水通过过滤器)”可知，人们喝瓶装水是因为人们认为它比自来水更加健康，但事实上25%的瓶装水来自于自来水，只是多了一个过滤的程序而已。D项：Actually, 25% of bottled water comes from regular tap water.(事实上，25%的瓶装水来自普通的自来水)符合语境。故选D。

13．

根据上文“As a result, 90% of the plastic bottles do not get recycled.(因此，90%的塑料瓶没有被回收)”可知，因为90%的塑料瓶没有得到回收利用，所以导致150万吨塑料瓶进了垃圾填埋场。E项：It contributes to 1. 5 million tons of plastic ending up in landfills. (它导致150万吨塑料最终进入垃圾填埋场)符合语境。故选E。

14．but

15．allowing

16．participants

17．to

18．their

19．a

20．to promote

21．have responded

22．which

23．negatively

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了国家最高纪委在一篇帖子中表示:“明星粉丝俱乐部的混乱表明，不良粉丝文化已经到了必须纠正的关键时刻。”呼吁大家要理性追星。

14．

考查连词。句意：参与随机文化不再仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种数据劳动。前文提到“no longer”，故此处应该是另外一种方式，上下文之间是转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。

15．

考查非谓语动词。句意：从基于粉丝和参与度的名人排名，到允许公众投票的歌唱节目比赛，粉丝们前所未有地积极参与到偶像崇拜机器中。空处修饰名词contests，需填非谓语动词作后置定语，contests和allow为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填allowing。

16．

考查名词。句意同上。空处需填名词作表语，表示“参与者”应用participant，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用可数名词复数形式。故填participants。

17．

考查介词。句意：但在许多情况下，它们的行为已经变得有害。从跟踪到网络欺凌，再到散布谣言，有组织的粉丝团体越来越多地将他们的“爱”发挥到疯狂的极致。from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。

18．

考查代词。句意同上。修饰名词love需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。

19．

考查冠词。句意：国家最高纪委在一篇帖子中表示:“明星粉丝俱乐部的混乱表明，不良粉丝文化已经到了必须纠正的关键时刻。”moment为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且critical发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。

20．

考查非谓语动词。句意：如果名人被期望成为模特，那么很自然，网络粉丝团也需要被监管，以促进整体健康的网络文化。此处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。

21．

考查动词时态。句意：目前，所有主流社交媒体平台都响应了政府的号召，删除了名人排名，并关闭了部分粉丝账户。根据事件状语“Already”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为platforms，助动词用have。故填have responded。

22．

考查定语从句。句意：许多依靠粉丝参与的竞技偶像真人秀节目也被禁止。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词shows，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。

23．

考查副词。句意：这是为了保护年轻人不受负面影响。修饰动词impacted需用副词作状语。故填negatively。