专题08 阅读CD篇+七选五+完形填空（全国卷）-冲刺2022高考英语名校最新模拟试题组合练习

冲刺2022高考英语名校最新模拟试题限时组合练习

专题08 阅读CD篇+七选五+完形填空

（时间：45分钟 满分：56分）

第一节 （共13小题；每小题2分，满分26分）

（2022·广东梅州·二模）Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors (处理器)—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.

In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented Microfactory technology. “The small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission journeys between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract (提取) elements and produce new products,” says Sahajwalla.

Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.

Professor Veena Sahajwalla’s programs help to develop innovation and promote cooperation with industry, ensuring that sustainable materials and processes become commercially practical solutions for dealing with waste.

1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce a new type of trash processor.

B．To introduce the process of recycling waste.

C．To prove the seriousness of the trash problem.

D．To show the current situation of trash recycling.

2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The founding of waste microfactories.

B．The influences of waste microfactories.

C．The advantages of waste microfactories.

D．The shocking scale of waste microfactories.

3．What does “re-form” in Paragraph 3 refer to according to Sahajwalla?

A．Extracting materials from the waste.

B．Generating new materials with waste.

C．Updating the whole recycling process.

D．Transforming waste into similar products.

4．Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A fiction novel. B．A business report.

C．A science magazine. D．A chemical textbook.

（2022·北京西城·一模）The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name.

“Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research.

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop.

“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.”

The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level.

With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots.

“The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.”

The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said.

5．According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______.

A．its function B．its reliability C．its appearance D．its material

6．What can we learn about xenobots from the passage?

A．Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.

B．Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.

C．AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.

D．The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s.

7．What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots?

A．Disapproving. B．Optimistic. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective.

8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Where does the unnatural replication process lead?

B．Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence?

C．The uncertain role of robot reproduction

D．Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce

二、七选五

（2022·广东梅州·二模）What’s really green?

Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. ____9____

Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.

Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.

However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. ____10____ In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.

____11____

It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. ____12____ It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away-even taking into account its transport.

It’s better to take a shower than a bath.

____13____ If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you’ll use as much water as in a bath-about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.

Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.

A．So say no to plastic bags.

B．Here are some common ones.

C．Unfortunately, it is not that simple.

D．Eating local food is good for the environment.

E．The process also produces more greenhouse gases.

F．It’s time that we took measures to protect our environment.

G．It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.

第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

（2022·甘肃兰州·一模）It's the stuff of travel nightmares (噩梦).Taking something precious on your trip, keeping it close to hand so you don't risk___14___.it in checked baggage - and then realizing you don't have it when you get home.

For Rachel DeGolia, the nightmare of losing something on a___15___came true.In September, her___16___collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.

It was, says DeGolia, “tragic (悲惨的)”But that tragedy turned to___17___- when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___18___ DeGolia with her letters.

DeGolia says, in summer 2021, she received a collection of family letters sent by her cousin.She decided to take them with her to her daughter's wedding party as she thought it would be the perfect occasion to share the letters with her brother.Her brother was very___19___and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home, making

sure to keep it with him in the cabin - but then ___20___it in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.

After the passengers got off the plane, crew (乘务员)___21___the cargo during their post-flight checks, realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.The letters___22___in Sarah Haffner's hands.Haffner, a Baggage Service Office supervisor (主管) for Southwest at Midway, checked the letters___23___and realized it was very precious item that needed to find its___24___.

Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly_ ___25___.Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then ___26___ the name to a passenger booking.If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue, because they have a database of___27___ going back a couple of years.But the___28___ was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.

Haffner and her colleagues tried their best.After three weeks of___29___, they finally found some___30___of a Rachel DeGolia from Ohio on the Internet, “I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her,”Haffner says.Then she managed to track down a ___31___ number.

“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call,”says DeGolia.She was___32___ to tears, calling Haffner“A wonderful young woman for ___33___her family legacy (遗产).

14．A．finding B．losing C．solving D．keeping

15．A．flight B．bus C．train D．boat

16．A．unbelievable B．impossible C．unacceptable D．irreplaceable

17．A．sorrow B．anxiety C．relief D．effort

18．A．helped B．reunited C．favored D．impressed

19．A．bored B．excited C．confused D．disappointed

20．A．put B．hid C．left D．threw

21．A．received B．missed C．delivered D．found

22．A．ended up B．came out C．passed on D．took over

23．A．secretly B．carefully C．carelessly D．differently

24．A．way B．value C．owner D．price

25．A．simple B．useful C．unusual D．slow

26．A．add B．apply C．match D．introduce

27．A．agents B．crew C．parcels D．passengers

28．A．cause B．excuse C．process D．problem

29．A．preparing B．searching C．waiting D．thinking

30．A．rewards B．meanings C．clues D．puzzles

31．A．cabin B．baggage C．phone D．room

32．A．annoyed B．worried C．scared D．moved

33．A．saving B．creating C．proving D．sharing

参考答案：

1．A

2．C

3．B

4．C

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。

1．

推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理器——有些只有500平方英尺——容纳了一系列回收垃圾并利用热技术将其转化为新材料的机器。新的“一体式”方法可能会让我们目前的回收流程相形见绌。)”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A。

2．

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems.(2018年，她启动了第一个微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区能够在解决当地废物问题的同时开发商业机会。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选C。

3．

词句猜测题。根据上文“Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different.(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来推进这一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用废物产生新材料”。故选B。

4．

推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories.(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。)”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C。

5．A

6．C

7．B

8．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。

5．

细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,(大多数人认为机器人是由金属制成的，但问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的，而在于它能做什么，也就是代表人类独立行动。)”可知，根据Josh Bongard的说法，机器人应该根据它的功能来定义。故选A。

6．

细节理解题。根据第六段“With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication.(在人工智能的帮助下，研究人员测试了数十亿个体型，以使异种机器人在这种类型的复制上更有效。)”可知，人工智能使异种机器人更有效地复制成为可能。故选C。

7．

推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to soh l problems(如果我们利用细胞的这种可塑性和能力来解决问题，就有可能实现很多事情。)”可推断，作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。故选B。

8．

主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals.(创造出第一批活体机器人的美国科学家表示，这种被称为“异种机器人”的生命形式现在可以繁殖了，而且是以一种在动植物中未见过的方式。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。所以“Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce(事实还是幻想?机器人可以复制)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。

9．B

10．E

11．D

12．C

13．G

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕什么是真正的绿色环保这个话题展开，讲述了一些常见的环保误区，揭示了这些常识下真正的环保意义所在。

9．

分析语境可知，设空句起到承起下文的作用。结合后文“Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.(纸质购物袋比塑料购物袋好。)”，“It’s better to take a shower than a bath.(淋浴比盆浴好。)”提到的是一些环保常识误区，因此选项B“Here are some common ones.(这里有一些常见的。)”在句意上总结了下文内容，起到承起下文的作用，“some common ones”与后文提及到例子相呼应，符合分析。故选B项。

10．

根据前文“However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.(然而，制作一个纸袋要消耗4倍于塑料袋的能量和3倍于塑料袋的水。)”提及制作纸质购物袋的过程消耗能源大，是纸质购物袋的不环保之处，因此可推知，设空句应继续讲述其不环保之处。选项E“The process also produces more greenhouse gases.(这一过程还会产生更多的温室气体。)”提到了另一个不环保之处“温室气体”，“The process”与前文提及的过程相呼应，“also”与前文形成并列关系，符合语境和语意分析。故选E项。

11．

设空句为该部分标题句，后文对其起到解释说明的作用，因此根据后文“It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.(这似乎是常识：吃当地食物应该对环境更好，因为它不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中冷藏。)”可推知，该部分的误区常识为“吃当地食物是环保的”。选项D“Eating local food is good for the environment.(吃当地食物对环境有好处。)”符合分析。故选D项。

12．

分析语境可知，前文“It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.(这似乎是常识：吃当地食物应该对环境更好，因为它不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中冷藏。)”提到了吃当地的食物对环境更好的原因在于不需要长途运输和冷藏，而后文“It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是食品的生产，而不是运输。)”提到了其环保本质在于食品的生产而不是运输，因此设空句作为中间句，应是一个转折句，以起到承前启后的作用。选项C“Unfortunately, it is not that simple.(不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单。)”为否定句式，可作为转折句，用在文中使得前后衔接紧密，符合句意和语境分析。故选C项。

13．

分析后文“If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you’ll use as much water as in a bath-about 50 litres of water.(如果你花在淋浴上的时间超过八分钟，你将使用与盆浴一样多的水，大约50升水。)”讲到淋浴时间超过八分钟所用的水与洗澡一样多，用举例的方式讲述了淋浴环保的关键在于时间问题。而设空句作为该段首句，应是论点句，即，提及“淋浴环保的关键在于时间问题”。选项G“It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.(这取决于你淋浴的时间和浴缸的大小。)”在句意上符合分析，主语“It”指代该部分标题“It’s better to take a shower than a bath.(淋浴比盆浴好。)”，前后衔接紧密。故选G项。

14．B

15．A

16．D

17．C

18．B

19．B

20．C

21．D

22．A

23．B

24．C

25．A

26．C

27．D

28．D

29．B

30．C

31．C

32．D

33．A

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Rachel DeGolia将珍贵的家书落在飞机上，经过三周的辛苦寻找，最终找回了家书。

14．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它放在手边，这样你就不会有在托运行李中丢失的风险。A. finding发现；B. losing失去；C. solving解决；D. keeping保持。根据“keeping it close to hand”（把它放在手边）可知，这样就不会弄丢了，故选B。

15．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：对蕾切尔•德戈利亚来说，在飞机上丢东西的噩梦变成了现实。A. flight航班；B. bus公交；C. train火车；D. boat船。根据“collection of family letters from the 1940s to 1970s was left on a plane as it pulled into Chicago Midway Airport.”（把20世纪40年代到70年代那些家信留在了飞机上）可知，她乘坐的是飞机，故选A。

16．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月，一架飞机在芝加哥中途机场降落时，她把20世纪40年代到70年代那些无可替代的家信留在了飞机上。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unacceptable无法接受的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据下文“and decided to take the precious cargo (货物) home”（决定把珍贵的货物带回家）可知，这里指珍贵的无可替代的家书，故选D。

17．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那场悲剧变成了宽慰。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C. relief宽慰；D. effort努力。根据“after a three-week search, one airline representative___5__ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的搜寻，一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件团聚）可知，家书失而复得，故此处指如释重负，感到宽慰。故选C。

18．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名航空公司代表用让德戈利亚与她的信件重聚。A. helped帮助；B. reunited重聚；C. favored支持；D. impressed印象。根据第六段中“Normally, the procedure for reuniting items with their owners is fairly”可知，航空公司找到了家书并物归原主了，失主与信件重聚。故选B。

19．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥非常兴奋，决定把这宝贵的货物带回家。A. bored厌倦的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据“and decided to take the precious cargo home”（决定把这宝贵的货物带回家）可知，她哥哥很兴奋，故选B。

20．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当他下飞机回芝加哥的时候，却把它落在了机舱里。A. put放置；B. hid隐藏；C. left离开，落下；D. threw抛弃。根据“in the cabin when he got off his flight home to Chicago.”并联系上文内容可知，下飞机时将信件落在了飞机上，故选C。

21．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客下飞机后，机组人员在飞行后检查中发现了这些货物。A. received收到；B. missed错过；C. delivered递送；D. found发现。根据“realized the letters were precious, and handed the cargo over to a gate agent.”（意识到这些信件很珍贵，就把货物交给了登机口的工作人员）可知，机组人员发现了这些信件，故选D。

22．

考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些信件最终落入了Sarah Haffner的手中。A. ended up最后来到；结束；B. came out出版；C. passed on通过；D. took over接管。根据“when, after a three-week search, one airline representative___5_ _ DeGolia with her letters.”（经过三周的寻找之后，一名航空公司代表归还了她的信件）可知，这些信件最终到了Sarah Haffner的手中，故选A。

23．

考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. secretly秘密地；B. carefully认真地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. differently不同地。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，他经过了仔细地检查后得出了结论，故选B。

24．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈弗纳是中途机场西南航空公司行李服务办公室的主管，他仔细检查了这些信件，意识到这是非常珍贵的东西，需要找到失主。A. way方式；B. value价值；C. owner主人；D. price价格。根据“realized it was very precious item”（意识到这是非常珍贵的东西）可知，珍贵的东西需要物归原主，故选C。

25．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，将物品归还给物主的过程是相当简单的。A. simple简单的；B. useful有用的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. slow缓慢的。根据“Agents like Haffner look for any identification on the item, and then _ _13___ the name to a passenger booking.”（像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配）可知，归还的过程很简单，故选A。

26．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：像Haffner这样的代理人寻找物品上的任何身份证明，然后将名字与乘客预订匹配。A. add增加；B. apply申请；C. match匹配；D. introduce介绍。根据前文“ look for any identification on the item”和下文“the name to a passenger booking”并联系语境是寻找失主可知，此处指的是与乘客名字相匹配，故选C。

27．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这个人坐过中转航班，那不是问题，因为他们有一个几年前乘客的数据库。A. agents代理人；B. crew船员；C. parcels包裹；D. passengers旅客。根据“If the person has been on a connecting flight, that's not an issue”（如果这个人已经坐过中转航班，那不是问题）可知，航空公司有旅客的数据库，故选D。

28．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班。A. cause原因；B. excuse借口；C. process步骤；D. problem问题。根据“was that the only identifying name in the whole batch of letters was Rachel DeGolia - and she hadn't been on the fight.”（在整批信件中，唯一可以辨认的名字是瑞秋•德戈利亚——而她没有乘坐过航班）可知，此处指的是归还过程中唯一的问题，故选D。

29．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. preparing准备；B. searching寻找；C. waiting等待；D. thinking思考。根据“After three weeks of”（经过三周）和下文的“they finally found”可知，经过了三周的搜索，故选B。

30．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过三周的搜寻，他们终于在网上找到了来自俄亥俄州的瑞秋•德戈利亚的一些线索。A. rewards奖励；B. meanings含义；C. clues线索；D. puzzles谜。根据“they finally found some”和“I was like, what are the chances -it's got to be her”可知，他们找到了一些线索，故选C。

31．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她设法找到了一个电话号码。A. cabin木屋；B. baggage行李；C. phone电话；D. room房间。根据“At 9 p.m.one night I got this call”（一天晚上9点，我接到一个电话）可知，航空公司找到了电话号码并联系了她，故选C。

32．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她被感动得热泪盈眶。A. annoyed生气的；B. worried担忧的；C. scared恐惧的；D. moved感动的。根据“calling Haffner A wonderful young woman for ___20___her family legacy (遗产).”（称Haffner是拯救家族财产了不起的女人）可知，她很感动，故选D。

33．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个了不起的年轻女人拯救了她的家族遗产。A. saving挽救；B. creating创造；C. proving证明；D. sharing分享。根据“her family legacy”（她的家族遗产）可知，信件失而复得的过程即被挽救的过程，故选A。