Day 22 科学技术 -备战2022高考英语一轮话题复习基础练

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1.severe adj.严重的
2.death n.死亡
3.utbreak n.爆发
4.frustrated adj.沮丧的
5.prevent v.防止;预防
6.treat v.款待;治疗
7.attend v.照顾
8.spread v.蔓延;传播开来
9.desire n.& v.渴望
10.thery n.理论
11.cause n.起因
12.cnsequently n.结果;因此
13.investigate n.& v.调查
14.discurage v.打击;使泄气
15.affect v.影响;侵袭
16.develp v.发展;形成
17.cancer n.癌症
18.disease n.疾病
19.verweight adj.超重的
20.harm n.伤害
21.suffer v.遭受痛苦
22.symptm n.症状
23.cure v.治愈
24.recver v.康复1.heart attack心脏病
2.the mst feared diseases最可怕的疾病
3.die frm 死于
4.be determined t 决心
5.find ut 了解;查明
6.have a great impact n有很大的影响
7.study disease研究疾病
8.scientific spirit科学精神
9.switch ne’s majr改变某人的专业
10.rcket technlgy火箭技术
11.space explratin centres空间探索中心
12.missile prgramme导弹方案
13.side effect副作用
14.in lw spirits情绪低落
15.mental and physical health身心健康
16.health care养生保健
17.have an peratin做手术
18.get ver克服
19.care fr关心;照顾
20.advanced technlgy先进技术
21.make a breakthrugh取得突破
1：单句语法填空
1.We are faced with tw apparently (cntradict) statements.
2.The vaccine was used t prtect the whle ppulatin against (infect).
3.The authrities n lnger subscribe the view that disabled peple are unsuitable as teachers.
4.I think Tm,rather than yu is (blame) fr the matter.
5.Pilcher (suspect) f giving away gvernment secrets t the enemy.
6.Mst custmers were satisfied with the way their cmplaints (handle).
7.Despite the (intervene) f the internatinal cmmunity,the tw cuntries were unable t settle their differences.
8. (decrease)the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the envirnment,mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials.
9.Thanks the Silence Machine,a British inventin,yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents.
10.The health security systems f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable (transfrm).
参考答案：
1.cntradictry 2.infectin 3.t 4.t blame 5.was suspected
6.were handled 7.interventin 8.T decrease 9.t 10.transfrmatin
2：篇章语法填空
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared 1. (disease) in the wrld until Jhn Snw shwed hw it culd be vercme.Chlera,as 2. deadly disease f its day,threatened rdinary peple.N ne knew its cause r its cure.Every time chlera brke ut,large numbers f 3. (frighten) peple died.Jhn Snw was determined 4. (slve) this prblem.He knew nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 5. (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected.Jhn Snw 6. (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854 anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn.Jhn Snw decided t investigate.He marked the places n a map,7. gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease.He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street.Sme husehlds had n deaths because these peple drank free beer.It seemed that the water pump was 8. (blame).He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led 9. the disease.Finally “King Chlera” 10. (defeat).Thanks t Jhn Snw,we nw knw hw t prevent chlera.
参考答案：
1.diseases 2.a 3.frightened 4.t slve 5.pssibly 6.subscribed
7.which 8.t blame 9.t 10.was defeated
A
City Transfrmer, a fur-year-ld cmpany based utside Tel Aviv, Israel, is ready t shake up the aut industry with their inventin.
S what is it that they’ve created? A car that actually flds while yu’re driving. It’s a neat trick, sure. Perhaps smething yu’d see in a superher mvie. But it actually serves a practical purpse. With mre peple chsing t live in urban envirnments, space can be tight. Picture yurself pulling up t a tiny parking space that’s nly big enugh fr a mtrcycle. N prblem. Hit the buttn, and yur car shrinks t fit int the space.
The car, which is available fr pre-rder nw, is a case study in clean design. It cntains nly 1，000 parts, cmpared t the industry standard f abut 20，000 in a regular car. It’s all electric, and desn’t run n gas, causing n pllutin. It’s autnmus-ready, which means that ne day it will be able t drive itself.
City Transfrmer is cnsidering a cmpany f fldable cars psitined all acrss the glbe. Peple wh wn membership f the car rental cmpany can rent ne f the cars wherever they are. What’s mre, when yu get int any f the cars, it will instantly recgnize yu and adjust the seats, temperature and music t yur favrite settings.
Asaf Frmza, the cmpany’s funder, believes it’s at the right place, at the right time. “It’s very imprtant fr us t be in Israel, because we have mre than 400 cmpanies here just fr the autmtive departments，” he explained. “And we can take sme f their prven technlgies and adpt them t ur car.”
“T bring smething like that as a slutin (解决方案) fr cities when s many peple arund the wrld are stuck in traffic jams, this is ging t be smething that I think can really change the experience f drivers，” said prject manager Itamar Meridr.
1. What is the advantage f the car?
A. It uses less gas.
B. It is easier t cntrl.
C. It takes up less space.
D. It has a higher speed.
2. What can the car d when a persn sits in it?
A. Drive itself.
B. Obey any rder.
C. Take his r her temperature.
D. Prvide persnalized services.
3. Why des Asaf Frmza say the car is at the right place?
A. Israel is a large market fr cars.
B. The car cmpany pays n tax in Israel.
C. The new technlgies are available in Israel.
D. The rad cnditins in Israel are nice fr cars.
4. Hw des Itamar Meridr feel abut the future f the car?
A. Uncertain. B. Hpeful.
C. Cncerned. D. Dubtful.
参考答案：
1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这款汽车在行驶过程中以及在停车场都可以折叠，这样就会占用更少的空间。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句What’s mre, when yu... t yur favrite settings.可知，当租车公司的会员驾驶汽车时，汽车会识别他们的身份，根据他们的喜好自动为他们调节座位、温度以及播放他们喜欢的音乐。
3. C 推理判断题。根据第五段末句可知，在以色列有很多汽车公司，City Transfrmer可以将其他公司已经验证过的科技应用到汽车。
4. B 推理判断题。根据文章末段内容可知， Itamar Meridr认为这款汽车适应现代社会的需求，未来应该是有希望的。
B
Scientists tday are making greater effrt t study cean currents(洋流). Mst d it using satellites and ther high-tech equipment. Hwever, cean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer des it in a special way — by studying mvements f randm flating garbage. A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type f research in the early 1990s when he heard abut hundreds f athletic shes washed up n the shres f the nrthwest cast f the United States. There were s many shes that peple were setting up swap_meets t try and match left and right shes t sell r wear.
Ebbesmeyer fund ut in his researches that the shes — abut 60，000 in ttal — fell int the cean in a shipping accident. He phned the she cmpany and asked if they wanted the shes back. As expected, the cmpany tld him that they didn’t. Ebbesmeyer realized this culd be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shes went int the water and tracked where they landed, he culd learn a lt abut the patterns f cean currents.
The Pacific Nrthwest is ne f the wrld’s best areas fr beachcmbing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents jin here, and as a result, there is a grup f serius beachcmbers in the area. Ebbesmeyer gt t knw a lt f them and asked fr their help in cllecting infrmatin abut where the shes landed. In a year he cllected reliable infrmatin n 1，600 shes. With this data, he and a clleague were able t test and imprve a cmputer prgram designed t mdel cean currents, and publish the findings f their study.
As the result f his wrk, Ebbesmeyer has becme knwn as the scientist t call with questins abut any unusual bjects fund flating in the cean. He has even started an assciatin f beachcmbers and cean experts, with 500 subscribers frm West Africa t New Zealand. They have recrded all lst bjects ranging frm ptates t glf glves.
1. What des the underlined phrase “swap meets” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Fitting rms. B. Trading fairs.
C. Business talks. D. Grup meetings.
2. Why did Ebbesmeyer phne the she cmpany?
A. T find ut what caused the shipping accident.
B. T find ut when and where the shes went missing.
C. T find ut whether it was all right t use their shes.
D. T find ut hw much they lst in the shipping accident.
3. Hw did Ebbesmeyer prve his assumptin?
A. By cllecting infrmatin frm beachcmbers.
B. By studying the shes fund by beachcmbers.
C. By searching the web fr cean currents mdels.
D. By researching cean currents data in the library.
4. What is the purpse f the authr’s writing this passage?
A. T call peple’s attentin t cean pllutin.
B. T warn peple f shipping safety in the cean.
C. T explain a unique way f studying cean currents.
D. T give tips n hw t search fr lst bjects n the beach.
参考答案：
1. B 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句画线词后的内容t try and match left and right shes t sell r wear可知，鞋子非常多，以至于人们建立了一个能把鞋子配对并且出售的展销会。fitting rms意为“试衣间”；trading fairs意为“展销会，集市”；business talks 意为“商业谈判”；grup meetings意为“小组会议”。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，柯蒂斯·埃贝斯迈尔给鞋业公司打电话询问他们是否要回收事故中丢失的鞋子。在得知公司不准备回收之后，他就可以利用这些鞋子研究洋流了。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句 is a grup f serius beachcmbers... Ebbesmeyer gt t knw a lt f them and asked fr their help in cllecting infrmatin...可知，埃贝斯迈尔让海滩流浪者帮忙，搜集海里漂浮鞋子的流向信息。
4. C 主旨大意题。文章第一段是主题段，提出了一种新型的研究洋流的方法。然后对这种方法进行具体介绍。故本文作者的写作意图就是介绍一种研究洋流的新方法。
A
请根据下面提示,写一篇短文介绍霍金。词数80左右。
1.斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。(gifted)
2.当他指出霍伊尔教授的错误并证明大爆炸理论是正确的时,他就出名了。(well-knwn,big bang thery)
3.后来他得了一种病,不能动弹,他的世界成了一个抽象的思想世界。(cme dwn with,abstract)
4.然而,智慧、勇敢和决心使他成为天才,同时也是与疾病抗争的战士。(genius,fight against)
参考答案
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and gifted scientists in physics.He became well-knwn when he pinted ut the prfessr Hyle’s mistake and prved the big bang thery was true.Later he came dwn with a disease,unable t mve and his wrld became ne f abstract thught.Hwever,intelligence,bravery and determinatin made him a genius as well as a sldier fighting against his disease.
B
人工智能与5G时代已悄然来临，随着科技越来越与人类生活相结合，随处可见的人工智能，让生活越来越便利的同时也带来许多的困惑，按要求完成一篇作文。
内容包括：
1. 描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况
2. 分析这种现象产生的原因
3. 陈述利弊以及表明个人态度
参考答案
As we all knw , the time f 5G technlgy is cming , it is called the furth industrial revlutin , future f cmputer science lies in the artificial intelligence，it is the research and artificial simulatin f human thught and eventually be able t make a human like t think the same machine , fr human services and t help peple slve prblems.
After all, peple thught it was unique, there are feelings, there are a variety f character, this will be very difficult t achieve in the machine.In fact, t d the same as the human thinking machine, the nly ne f the artificial intelligence, is by n means all. Thrugh the study f artificial intelligence, it can reslve all kinds f scientific prblems, prmte the develpment f ther science will have a great impact n all peple's lives .
I believe that the science f artificial intelligence is waiting fr humanity t explre it step by step .