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说明文阅读理解专项练习--2022年初中英语中考备考三轮冲刺
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这是一份说明文阅读理解专项练习--2022年初中英语中考备考三轮冲刺，共19页。
说明文阅读理解专项练习
Do you know the two lovely mascots? You may know the five “Fuwa” dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17 of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV. Now, let’s see who they are.
Look at the panda! It looks like an astronaut. It wears an ice shell and looks fat, so we call it “Bing Dwen Dwen”. White is the colour of ice and snow. “Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
Do you think the red mascot looks like a lantern? The lantern’s name is “Shuey Rhon Rhon”. When the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year. “Shuey Rhon Rhon”can give players hope and help them do well in the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games.
Many people in different countries like the two mascots very much, and they show their love for them on the Internet.
1．What does the underlined word “mascot” mean in the passage?
A．A song of the Olympic Games. B．A sport of the Olympic Games.
C．A symbol of the Olympic Games. D．A sign of the Olympic Games.
2．________ is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A． “Fuwa” dolls B．Bing Dwen Dwen
C．An astronaut D．Shuey Rhon Rhon
3．Why do people make or buy red lanterns when the Chinese New Year comes?
A．Because it is easy to make red lanterns.
B．Because “Shuey Rhon Rhon” is a mascot.
C．Because people think red lanterns are very lovely.
D．Because people think red lanterns can bring good luck.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A． “Bing Dwen Dwen” can skate very well.
B． “Shuey Rhon Rhon” likes ice sports and is good at them.
C．The two lovely mascots first showed on TV on September 16.
D．Everybody likes the two mascots and shows his love on the Internet.
5．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．The sports in Olympic Games B．Two Olympic mascots come to life
C．2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games D．2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games
It’s been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effort to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.
On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible everywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.
Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.
Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.
Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Those who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldn’t get it, either.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
6．The vaccine developed by ________ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.
A．UK health department B．Sinopharm
C．Sinovac D．Pfizer
7．According to the passage, ________ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.
A．50 B．247 C．285 D．582
8．In paragraph 4, the underlined word ‘‘rumors” probably means ________.
A．谎言 B．谣言 C．建议 D．骗局
9．The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to ________.
A．build mass immunity B．share the vaccines
C．develop vaccines quickly D．get everyone vaccinated
10．In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in the underlined sentence refers to ________.
A．children B．companies C．vaccines D．experts
Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year—on—year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
11．People take less cash with them because _________.
A．cash isn’t useful any more B．it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C．many stores refuse cash D．online pay is used in all stores and hotels
12．By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．ordering something to eat B．chatting with friends
C．playing games D．cooking something delicious
13．What does the underlined word “dull” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.
14．According to the passage, we know that _________.
A．The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B．the speed of mobile network slowed down
C．Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D．the using of mobile phones was cancelled
15．Which one is true according to the passage?
A．People can’t live without mobile phones.
B．The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C．The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D．China’s 5G network has already been in service.
A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.
“Zero waste” was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different kinds of ways to save the environment, such as stopping the use of one-off objects; giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.
A zero-waste life follows the 6R rule—Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend Joe have lived in Beijing for many years. Over August-October when Chen followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend both produced only two cans of rubbish. Now the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmental logos. The store also has second-hand books and CDs to make the best of the used things.
“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.
16．Bea Johnson suggests that people should ________.
A．try to create no rubbish
B．throw away unwanted things
C．use the one-off objects all the time
17．What does the underlined word “donating” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Giving back. B．Giving out. C．Giving away.
18．We can see from the passage that Chen Yuan ________.
A．is interested in the 6R rule
B．offers plastic bags in her store
C．likes listening to CDs very much
19．What Chen Yuan says in the last paragraph probably means that ________.
A．her friends like her lifestyle
B．the zero-waste lifestyle is not hard to live
C．lots of people have lived the zero-waste lifestyle
20．The passage is most probably from ________.
A．an ad B．a newspaper C．a story book
Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.
As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It’s not easy to turn a seed (种子) into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.
Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973, Yuan Longping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid (杂交) rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.
When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources (资源) for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.
Please value what you’re eating.
21．The poem tells us not to ________.
A．throw food B．waste food C．pollute food D．hate food
22．Students from Huzhou ________ on the farm.
A．sold seeds B．grew vegetables
C．understood each other D．experienced farming
23．Chinese people ________ in the 1960s.
A．had a hard life B．died from illnesses
C．had much food D．ate a new kind of rice
24．Saving food is ________ for the environment.
A．good B．bad C．safe D．meaningless
25．The main idea of this passage is ________.
A．how we should save food
B．why we should value food
C．where we can experience farming
D．how we should protect the environment
No one knows who invented the button (扣子). It might have appeared as early as 2,000 BC．When it first started, it was just something beautiful sewn (缝上) onto your clothes. What is more important than the button is the buttonhole (扣眼). About 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful.
Before buttons, clothes were bigger—they had no fixed shapes. Because of the buttonhole, the fashion moved closers to the body when we discovered uses for the button. It was the very way to make clothes fit well for the body. People feel safer like it’s never going to open.
The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and they are close to each other, while coat buttons are larger and farther apart. For example, the standard buttons of men’s shirts are 10.16 mm and of suit jackets are 20.32 mm.
In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are mostly made of plastic but also may be made of metal or wood. Buttons can also be used on wallet bags. They can be shown as examples of works of art.
A button can be used for a long time. It’s one of the most lasting designs in history, because it really works to make people feel safer. Zippers easily break and are hard to fix. However, if a button breaks, you just need to sew another on. And you can sew more buttons if needed.
The pattern of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages. It’s not only one of the most useful inventions, but it plays an important role in the development of clothes. Up to now, we can still see its influence on the clothes design. If you’re wearing the clothes with buttons, take a look at the position of buttons on it. If you’re a man, the buttons would likely be on the right side, but for a woman, the buttons are usually found on the left.
26．Buttons were suddenly useful ________.
A．after about 3, 000 BC B．before buttonholes appeared
C．after buttonholes were invented D．when buttons appeared in 2,000 BC
27．According to Paragraphs 2&3, which of the following is true?
A．Shirt buttons are bigger than coats’. B．Coat buttons are close to each other.
C．Coat buttons fit well for the body. D．Suit jacket buttons are bigger than shirts’.
28．In Paragraph 4, different materials of buttons are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A．metal B．glass C．wood D．plastic
29．According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．The influence of buttons never disappears. B．Buttons are not so easy to fix as zippers.
C．People see buttonholes as works of art. D．Buttons make clothes out of date.
30．In which part of a website would you most probably read the text?
A．Life. B．Travel. C．Environment. D．Energy.
Computers, smartphones, and other machines are the perfect servants. They always do what they are “told”. We usually “tell” them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do?
This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Star Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands (命令). The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts’ spaceship.
On the other hand, real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software (软件). They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms and playing music and so on.
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we’re on the go. When you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.
Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to “listen” to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.
31．According to Paragraph 1, how do we usually control machines in daily life?
A．By using body language.
B．By talking to them.
C．By using a mouse or keyboard.
32．When was voice recognition first shown in films and TV shows?
A．In the 1980s. B．In the 1970s. C．In the 1960s.
33．How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car?
A．It helps you to focus on what you are doing.
B．It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.
C．It can control your car for a short while.
34．In the last paragraph, what can we infer about the speech recognition software?
A．It can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into Chinese.
B．It can turn text into spoken words for the blind.
C．It can help you do anything that you want to do.
35．Where do you probably read the passage?
A．In a movie ad.
B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sports magazine.
For almost 100 years, the Winter Olympics has been a celebration of snow and ice sports around the world. It is a special event that only happens once every four years.
Although the Winter Olympics started with just five sports across nine disciplines (项目) in France in 1924, it has grown to include seven sports across 15 different disciplines and has been hosted in 12 countries across three continents (大陆). In 2022, for the first time ever in the Games’ history, Beijing will become the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
China has come a long way and achieved many goals since it took part in the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1980. In this short period of time, China’s players have won medals in six of the event’s sports. Short track speed skating (短道速滑) has been an area of expertise (专长) for China.
China’s love for winter sports has been growing. The Ministry of Education has set a goal of building 5,000 special schools by 2025 to improve winter sports education.
The government has also been encouraging primary and middle schools to add winter sports to their subjects. Many provinces and cities have already acted on this suggestion. Classes will be set up in schools in northern China to improve interest in winter sports. In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks (溜冰场) and winter sports clubs.
Beijing has already set a good example. It is reported that nearly 840,000 students in the city have begun taking winter sports lessons, including skating and skiing lessons.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
36．In 2022, Beijing will host the ________Winter Olympics .
A．1st B．9th C．10th D．24th
37．In the second paragraph, what does “ it ”refer to “________” ?
A．Winter Olympics B．sports C．disciplines D．France
38．What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “ act on ”?
A．对……起作用 B．实施 C．作用于 D．立即行动
39．In southern China, how do school develop winter sports?
A．Build classes in schools. B．Take winter sports lessons in schools.
C．Work with society groups. D．Take part in the Winter Olympics.
40．What can we learn from the text?
A．More and more Chinese people like winter sports.
B．There is more than one city to host the Summer and Winter Olympics.
C．China only took part in the Winter Olympics nine times.
D．The government encourages all schools to add winter sports to their subjects.
Duan Jiayang, a 12-year-old student of a primary school in Yinchuan, Ningxia, learns the skills required to take care of vegetable fields.
“I learned how to place the mulch film（地膜）,” he says, “It’s not easy.”
In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results, but vocational（职业的）skills have little been cared.
“Some parents do everything for their children,” says Yan Mei, an official with the primary school, adding that many students are short of the basic skills needed in their daily lives. For example, Yan says, some parents would do the school’s general cleaning instead of their children.
Since March last year, the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills.
Following these policies, the primary school launched an “agricultural（农业的）class base” on one of its schoolyards. Students plant fruit and vegetables on an area of land about 4,000㎡ in size.
In the days coming up to the May Day holiday, students of various grades at the school worked together in the fields, says school principal Yang Bo. They planted watermelon, carrot and corn. May Day, also known as Labor Day, is celebrated on May 1st in China.
The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.
41．What does Duan Jiayang think of this activity?
A．Boring. B．Easy. C．Difficult. D．Interesting.
42．What do many parents care most in the passage?
A．Children’s life skills. B．Children’s high marks.
C．Teachers’ skills course. D．Teachers’ teaching level.
43．Which of the following crops is not mentioned according to the passage?
A．Corn. B．Watermelon. C．Carrot. D．Cabbage.
44．What can students learn from the agricultural class?
A．Students will understand the importance of labor.
B．Students can realize the difficulties their parents went through.
C．Students can learn the basic life skills.
D．All of the above.
45．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Youths Get a Lesson in Life through Skills Course
B．Duan Jiayang, a Hard-working Student
C．Schools Follow the Governments’ Policies
D．Parents Hope for Children’s Good Results in School
Parents are often surprised at their children’s ability to use technology. A five-year-old child may easily find and use apps on a smart phone. A ten-year-old child can move up through the levels of a video game easily. Their parents may think their children were born geniuses （天 才）！
Natural geniuses, however, are not common. But your parents are right if they think you are smarter than them. Most children are born smarter than their parents. This has been proved（证明）on IQ tests around the world recently. These tests have shown that over the last 100 years, each new generation （一代人）has become smarter than the older ones. In other words, you are smarter than your parents and your parents are smarter than your grandparents.
This increase in intelligence is called the “Flynn Effect（效应）”. It was named after James Flynn. Flynn is a university professor （教授）in New Zealand. He first noticed this in 1980. According to his research, with each new generation, average （平均的）IQ scores would increase by twenty percent.
But why are people getting smarter? Flynn and many other researchers believe this has something to do with technology. New technologies have further developed our brains. They have made us think better. So we may be better at completing the missing parts of a puzzle than our parents.
But being smart doesn’t make you wise. Wisdom （智慧）comes with age and experience. A high score on a computer game will not help you solve the everyday problems of life. For that, a smart kid will turn to the wisdom of his parents and grandparents.
46．How do parents often feel about their children’s ability to use technology?
A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Nervous. D．Embarrassed.
47．What has been proved on IQ tests around the world these days?
A．Children easily use apps on smart phones.
B．Most children play video games better than their parents.
C．Children are born with a high IQ.
D．Most children are born smarter than their parents.
48．What caused the “Flynn Effect” according to the passage?
A．Better education. B．New technologies.
C．A better environment. D．New experiences.
49．The underlined word “puzzle” in the passage means ___________ in Chinese.
A．拼图 B．困境 C．迷惑 D．阻碍
50．The following facts are the “Flynn Effect” EXCEPT __________.
A．A child may easily find apps on a smart phone
B．A child may be good at completing the missing parts of a puzzle
C．A high score on a video game won’t help solve the problems in life
D．A ten-year-old child can move up through the levels of a video game easily
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．A
5．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物：冰墩墩和雪容融。
1．
词义猜测题。根据文中第一段“ You may know the five “Fuwa” dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17 of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV.”可知你可能知道2008北京奥运会的五个福娃。今年9月17日，这两个可爱的吉祥物首次在电视上亮相。表明他们是奥运会的象征，根据后文描述这两个吉祥物的象征意义。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据文中第二段“ “Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.”可知冰墩墩是2022年北京冬奥会吉祥物。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据文中第三段“Wen the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year.”可知人们在中国新年到来时制作或购买红灯笼。因红色是希望和好运的颜色，所以人们认为他们的梦想将会在新的一年实现。可见人们是认为红灯笼能带来好运。故选D。
4．
细节理解题。根据文中第二段““Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them.”可知Bing Dwen Dwen十分喜欢冰上运动，而且擅长冰上运动，可知冰墩墩很会滑冰，故选项A正确，故选A。
5．
最佳标题题。本文讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物：冰墩墩和雪容融。根据本文主要内容可知本文最佳标题是“两个奥运吉祥物惟妙惟肖”；故选B。
6．D
7．C
8．B
9．A
10．C
【解析】
本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。
6．
细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。
8．
词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。
9．
细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。
10．
词义猜测题。根据“Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。
11．B
12．D
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】
本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。
11．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便（比使用现金方便）。故选B。
12．
推理判断题。根据原文第三段第二句“You can shop…finger taps.”可知， 你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。由此判断通过使用手机，你可以做很多事情除了烹饪美味的东西。故选D。
13．
词义猜测题。根据第三段内容“You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps”可知，有了手机可以做很多事情。由此推测没有了手机，人们的生活不可能是“有趣的，“令人惊奇的”，“刺激的”，只能是“无聊的”，符合语境。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据第五段内容“At the two sessions…long distance calls would be cancelled.”可知，在两会上，李克强总理指出，2017年移动的速度网络将会提高，成本将会大大降低。国内漫游费和长途电话费将被取消。由此说明，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s”可知，在2020年，中国的5G网络投入使用。它帮助中国的移动通信反超国际社会。由此推断选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。”正确。故选D。
16．A
17．C
18．A
19．B
20．B
【解析】
文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”。
16．
细节理解题。根据“Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish”可知， Bea Johnson是倡导人们尽量不要制造垃圾，故选A。
17．
词义猜测题。根据“giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.”可知，把一些不要的东西给别人或者捐给红十字会，所以单词“donating”指的是“捐赠”，与C选项意思相近，故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea.”可知，陈元对6R规则感兴趣，故选A。
19．
句意猜测题。根据“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.”可知，陈元说这话的意思是零浪费的生活方式并不难，就在我们身边，故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”，结合选项可知，应该是从报纸上来的，故选B。
21．B
22．D
23．A
24．A
25．B
【解析】
文章通过诗句“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”来呼吁人们节约粮食，不要浪费食物。
21．
细节理解题。根据“Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.”可知，诗句告诉我们不要浪费粮食，故选B。
22．
细节理解题。根据“the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming.”可知，浙江湖州第四中学举办了一场活动，在烈日下数百名学生到田间体验农耕。故选D。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger.”可知，在20世纪60年代，由于食物不多，许多人甚至死于饥饿。我们国家也面临着这样的艰难时期，故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.”可知，节约粮食对环境也有好处，故选A。
25．
主旨大意题。根据“Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.”以及“Please value what you’re eating.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要通过诗句以及以前的生活状况，告诉我们为什么要节约粮食，故选B。
26．C
27．D
28．B
29．A
30．A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述纽扣的发明、用途、尺寸、材质以及对服装发展的影响。
26．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“About 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful”可知，在扣眼发明之后，纽扣突然变得有用了。故选C。
27．
细节理解题。根据第三段“the standard buttons of men’s shirts are 10.16 mm and of suit jackets are 20.32 mm”可知，男士衬衫的标准纽扣要比西装夹克的纽扣小。故选D。
28．
细节理解题。根据“buttons are mostly made of plastic but also may be made of metal or wood”可知，扣子的材料中不包含玻璃。故选B。
29．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Up to now, we can still see its influence on the clothes design”可知，现在我们依然能看到纽扣对服装设计的影响，纽扣的影响从未消失，故选A。
30．
推理判断题。纵观全文，讲解的是纽扣的发明以及纽扣普通使用对于服装的影响，而纽扣和服装都是生活的必须品，所以在网站的生活部分能看到此文。故选A。
31．C
32．C
33．A
34．A
35．B
【解析】
文章主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处。
31．
细节理解题。根据“We usually ‘tell’ them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard.”可知我们通常通过使用鼠标或键盘来控制机器。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition, has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s.”可知语音识别在20世纪60年代第一次出现在电影和电视节目中。故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“When you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.”可知在开车时，语音识别帮助你专注于你正在做的事情，保证你的安全。故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据“Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.”可知语音识别软件能听英语并翻译成汉语。故选A。
35．
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处，可能在科学杂志中读到。故选B。
36．D
37．A
38．B
39．C
40．A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述北京将主办第24届冬奥会，并介绍了冬奥会的起源和发展。讲述中国人对于冬季项目的热爱以及政府鼓励学校增加冬季项目到学习课程中去。
36．
推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a special event that only happens once every four years”可知冬奥会每四年一次；根据第二段“Although the Winter Olympics started with just five sports across nine disciplines in France in 1924”可知冬奥会开始于1924年，因此2022年北京冬奥会是第24届。故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据前文“the Winter Olympics started with just five sports ”冬奥会最早只有五个运动项目，以及本句“has grown to include seven sports across ”可知冬奥会增长到7个运动项目。“it”指的是冬奥会“the Winter Olympics”。故选A。
38．
词语猜测题。根据前文“The government has also been encouraging primary and middle schools to add winter sports to their subjects”政府鼓励把冬季运动项目添加到学生课程当中，以及后文“Classes will be set up in schools in northern China to improve interest in winter sports. In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks and winter sports clubs”介绍中国北方学校课程的建立以及南方学校与社会组织的合作，可知许多省份已经实施了政府的提议。“act on”表达“实施”。故选B。
39．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks and winter sports clubs”南方学校与溜冰场和冬季运动俱乐部进行合作，可知它们开发冬季运动项目是通过与社会组织合作的形式进行的。故选C。
40．
推理判断题。根据第四段“China’s love for winter sports has been growing”可知，中国对冬季运动的热爱一直在增长。A选项“越来越多的中国人喜欢冬季运动”表述准确。故选A。
41．C
42．B
43．D
44．D
45．A
【解析】
政府已经出台了很多政策，要求大学、中学和小学更加注重教授学生实用技能。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性。
41．
细节理解题。根据“It’s not easy.”可知，段佳阳认为这不容易，即很难，故选C。
42．
细节理解题。根据“In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results”可知，在中国，许多父母非常重视孩子的好成绩，故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“They planted watermelon, carrot and corn.”可知，他们种了西瓜、胡萝卜和玉米，没有提到卷心菜。故选D。
44．
细节理解题。根据“the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills”和“The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.”可知，学生们可以从农业课中学习基本的生活技能、理解劳动的重要性以及意识到他们的父母所经历的困难。故选D。
45．
最佳标题题。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性，选项A“年轻人通过技能课程获得一节生活课”符合主题，故选A。
46．A
47．D
48．B
49．A
50．C
【解析】
本文主要通过智力检测向我们展示了什么是“弗林效应”，以及人类越来越聪明的原因。
46．
细节理解题。根据“Parents are often surprised at their children’s ability to use technology”可知，父母经常对孩子使用科技的能力感到惊讶，故选A。
47．
细节理解题。根据“Most children are born smarter than their parents. This has been proved（证明）on IQ tests around the world recently”可知，证明了大多数孩子天生就比他们的父母聪明，故选D。
48．
细节理解题。根据“Flynn and many other researchers believe this has something to do with technology”可知，是新科技导致了“弗林效应”，故选B。
49．
词义猜测题。根据“So we may be better at completing the missing parts of a puzzle than our parents”可知，我们可能比我们的父母更擅长完成拼图中缺失的部分，所以puzzle表示“拼图”，故选A。
50．
细节理解题。根据“This increase in intelligence is called the “Flynn Effect（效应）””可知，弗林效应说的是人类变得越来越聪明，ABD三个都是人类聪明的具体例子，而C不是，故选C。
说明文阅读理解专项练习
Do you know the two lovely mascots? You may know the five “Fuwa” dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17 of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV. Now, let’s see who they are.
Look at the panda! It looks like an astronaut. It wears an ice shell and looks fat, so we call it “Bing Dwen Dwen”. White is the colour of ice and snow. “Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
Do you think the red mascot looks like a lantern? The lantern’s name is “Shuey Rhon Rhon”. When the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year. “Shuey Rhon Rhon”can give players hope and help them do well in the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games.
Many people in different countries like the two mascots very much, and they show their love for them on the Internet.
1．What does the underlined word “mascot” mean in the passage?
A．A song of the Olympic Games. B．A sport of the Olympic Games.
C．A symbol of the Olympic Games. D．A sign of the Olympic Games.
2．________ is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A． “Fuwa” dolls B．Bing Dwen Dwen
C．An astronaut D．Shuey Rhon Rhon
3．Why do people make or buy red lanterns when the Chinese New Year comes?
A．Because it is easy to make red lanterns.
B．Because “Shuey Rhon Rhon” is a mascot.
C．Because people think red lanterns are very lovely.
D．Because people think red lanterns can bring good luck.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A． “Bing Dwen Dwen” can skate very well.
B． “Shuey Rhon Rhon” likes ice sports and is good at them.
C．The two lovely mascots first showed on TV on September 16.
D．Everybody likes the two mascots and shows his love on the Internet.
5．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．The sports in Olympic Games B．Two Olympic mascots come to life
C．2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games D．2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games
It’s been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effort to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.
On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible everywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.
Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.
Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.
Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Those who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldn’t get it, either.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
6．The vaccine developed by ________ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.
A．UK health department B．Sinopharm
C．Sinovac D．Pfizer
7．According to the passage, ________ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.
A．50 B．247 C．285 D．582
8．In paragraph 4, the underlined word ‘‘rumors” probably means ________.
A．谎言 B．谣言 C．建议 D．骗局
9．The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to ________.
A．build mass immunity B．share the vaccines
C．develop vaccines quickly D．get everyone vaccinated
10．In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in the underlined sentence refers to ________.
A．children B．companies C．vaccines D．experts
Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year—on—year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
11．People take less cash with them because _________.
A．cash isn’t useful any more B．it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C．many stores refuse cash D．online pay is used in all stores and hotels
12．By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．ordering something to eat B．chatting with friends
C．playing games D．cooking something delicious
13．What does the underlined word “dull” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.
14．According to the passage, we know that _________.
A．The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B．the speed of mobile network slowed down
C．Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D．the using of mobile phones was cancelled
15．Which one is true according to the passage?
A．People can’t live without mobile phones.
B．The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C．The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D．China’s 5G network has already been in service.
A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.
“Zero waste” was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different kinds of ways to save the environment, such as stopping the use of one-off objects; giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.
A zero-waste life follows the 6R rule—Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend Joe have lived in Beijing for many years. Over August-October when Chen followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend both produced only two cans of rubbish. Now the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmental logos. The store also has second-hand books and CDs to make the best of the used things.
“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.
16．Bea Johnson suggests that people should ________.
A．try to create no rubbish
B．throw away unwanted things
C．use the one-off objects all the time
17．What does the underlined word “donating” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Giving back. B．Giving out. C．Giving away.
18．We can see from the passage that Chen Yuan ________.
A．is interested in the 6R rule
B．offers plastic bags in her store
C．likes listening to CDs very much
19．What Chen Yuan says in the last paragraph probably means that ________.
A．her friends like her lifestyle
B．the zero-waste lifestyle is not hard to live
C．lots of people have lived the zero-waste lifestyle
20．The passage is most probably from ________.
A．an ad B．a newspaper C．a story book
Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.
As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It’s not easy to turn a seed (种子) into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.
Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973, Yuan Longping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid (杂交) rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.
When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources (资源) for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.
Please value what you’re eating.
21．The poem tells us not to ________.
A．throw food B．waste food C．pollute food D．hate food
22．Students from Huzhou ________ on the farm.
A．sold seeds B．grew vegetables
C．understood each other D．experienced farming
23．Chinese people ________ in the 1960s.
A．had a hard life B．died from illnesses
C．had much food D．ate a new kind of rice
24．Saving food is ________ for the environment.
A．good B．bad C．safe D．meaningless
25．The main idea of this passage is ________.
A．how we should save food
B．why we should value food
C．where we can experience farming
D．how we should protect the environment
No one knows who invented the button (扣子). It might have appeared as early as 2,000 BC．When it first started, it was just something beautiful sewn (缝上) onto your clothes. What is more important than the button is the buttonhole (扣眼). About 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful.
Before buttons, clothes were bigger—they had no fixed shapes. Because of the buttonhole, the fashion moved closers to the body when we discovered uses for the button. It was the very way to make clothes fit well for the body. People feel safer like it’s never going to open.
The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and they are close to each other, while coat buttons are larger and farther apart. For example, the standard buttons of men’s shirts are 10.16 mm and of suit jackets are 20.32 mm.
In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are mostly made of plastic but also may be made of metal or wood. Buttons can also be used on wallet bags. They can be shown as examples of works of art.
A button can be used for a long time. It’s one of the most lasting designs in history, because it really works to make people feel safer. Zippers easily break and are hard to fix. However, if a button breaks, you just need to sew another on. And you can sew more buttons if needed.
The pattern of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages. It’s not only one of the most useful inventions, but it plays an important role in the development of clothes. Up to now, we can still see its influence on the clothes design. If you’re wearing the clothes with buttons, take a look at the position of buttons on it. If you’re a man, the buttons would likely be on the right side, but for a woman, the buttons are usually found on the left.
26．Buttons were suddenly useful ________.
A．after about 3, 000 BC B．before buttonholes appeared
C．after buttonholes were invented D．when buttons appeared in 2,000 BC
27．According to Paragraphs 2&3, which of the following is true?
A．Shirt buttons are bigger than coats’. B．Coat buttons are close to each other.
C．Coat buttons fit well for the body. D．Suit jacket buttons are bigger than shirts’.
28．In Paragraph 4, different materials of buttons are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A．metal B．glass C．wood D．plastic
29．According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．The influence of buttons never disappears. B．Buttons are not so easy to fix as zippers.
C．People see buttonholes as works of art. D．Buttons make clothes out of date.
30．In which part of a website would you most probably read the text?
A．Life. B．Travel. C．Environment. D．Energy.
Computers, smartphones, and other machines are the perfect servants. They always do what they are “told”. We usually “tell” them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do?
This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Star Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands (命令). The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts’ spaceship.
On the other hand, real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software (软件). They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms and playing music and so on.
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we’re on the go. When you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.
Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to “listen” to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.
31．According to Paragraph 1, how do we usually control machines in daily life?
A．By using body language.
B．By talking to them.
C．By using a mouse or keyboard.
32．When was voice recognition first shown in films and TV shows?
A．In the 1980s. B．In the 1970s. C．In the 1960s.
33．How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car?
A．It helps you to focus on what you are doing.
B．It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.
C．It can control your car for a short while.
34．In the last paragraph, what can we infer about the speech recognition software?
A．It can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into Chinese.
B．It can turn text into spoken words for the blind.
C．It can help you do anything that you want to do.
35．Where do you probably read the passage?
A．In a movie ad.
B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sports magazine.
For almost 100 years, the Winter Olympics has been a celebration of snow and ice sports around the world. It is a special event that only happens once every four years.
Although the Winter Olympics started with just five sports across nine disciplines (项目) in France in 1924, it has grown to include seven sports across 15 different disciplines and has been hosted in 12 countries across three continents (大陆). In 2022, for the first time ever in the Games’ history, Beijing will become the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
China has come a long way and achieved many goals since it took part in the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1980. In this short period of time, China’s players have won medals in six of the event’s sports. Short track speed skating (短道速滑) has been an area of expertise (专长) for China.
China’s love for winter sports has been growing. The Ministry of Education has set a goal of building 5,000 special schools by 2025 to improve winter sports education.
The government has also been encouraging primary and middle schools to add winter sports to their subjects. Many provinces and cities have already acted on this suggestion. Classes will be set up in schools in northern China to improve interest in winter sports. In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks (溜冰场) and winter sports clubs.
Beijing has already set a good example. It is reported that nearly 840,000 students in the city have begun taking winter sports lessons, including skating and skiing lessons.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
36．In 2022, Beijing will host the ________Winter Olympics .
A．1st B．9th C．10th D．24th
37．In the second paragraph, what does “ it ”refer to “________” ?
A．Winter Olympics B．sports C．disciplines D．France
38．What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “ act on ”?
A．对……起作用 B．实施 C．作用于 D．立即行动
39．In southern China, how do school develop winter sports?
A．Build classes in schools. B．Take winter sports lessons in schools.
C．Work with society groups. D．Take part in the Winter Olympics.
40．What can we learn from the text?
A．More and more Chinese people like winter sports.
B．There is more than one city to host the Summer and Winter Olympics.
C．China only took part in the Winter Olympics nine times.
D．The government encourages all schools to add winter sports to their subjects.
Duan Jiayang, a 12-year-old student of a primary school in Yinchuan, Ningxia, learns the skills required to take care of vegetable fields.
“I learned how to place the mulch film（地膜）,” he says, “It’s not easy.”
In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results, but vocational（职业的）skills have little been cared.
“Some parents do everything for their children,” says Yan Mei, an official with the primary school, adding that many students are short of the basic skills needed in their daily lives. For example, Yan says, some parents would do the school’s general cleaning instead of their children.
Since March last year, the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills.
Following these policies, the primary school launched an “agricultural（农业的）class base” on one of its schoolyards. Students plant fruit and vegetables on an area of land about 4,000㎡ in size.
In the days coming up to the May Day holiday, students of various grades at the school worked together in the fields, says school principal Yang Bo. They planted watermelon, carrot and corn. May Day, also known as Labor Day, is celebrated on May 1st in China.
The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.
41．What does Duan Jiayang think of this activity?
A．Boring. B．Easy. C．Difficult. D．Interesting.
42．What do many parents care most in the passage?
A．Children’s life skills. B．Children’s high marks.
C．Teachers’ skills course. D．Teachers’ teaching level.
43．Which of the following crops is not mentioned according to the passage?
A．Corn. B．Watermelon. C．Carrot. D．Cabbage.
44．What can students learn from the agricultural class?
A．Students will understand the importance of labor.
B．Students can realize the difficulties their parents went through.
C．Students can learn the basic life skills.
D．All of the above.
45．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Youths Get a Lesson in Life through Skills Course
B．Duan Jiayang, a Hard-working Student
C．Schools Follow the Governments’ Policies
D．Parents Hope for Children’s Good Results in School
Parents are often surprised at their children’s ability to use technology. A five-year-old child may easily find and use apps on a smart phone. A ten-year-old child can move up through the levels of a video game easily. Their parents may think their children were born geniuses （天 才）！
Natural geniuses, however, are not common. But your parents are right if they think you are smarter than them. Most children are born smarter than their parents. This has been proved（证明）on IQ tests around the world recently. These tests have shown that over the last 100 years, each new generation （一代人）has become smarter than the older ones. In other words, you are smarter than your parents and your parents are smarter than your grandparents.
This increase in intelligence is called the “Flynn Effect（效应）”. It was named after James Flynn. Flynn is a university professor （教授）in New Zealand. He first noticed this in 1980. According to his research, with each new generation, average （平均的）IQ scores would increase by twenty percent.
But why are people getting smarter? Flynn and many other researchers believe this has something to do with technology. New technologies have further developed our brains. They have made us think better. So we may be better at completing the missing parts of a puzzle than our parents.
But being smart doesn’t make you wise. Wisdom （智慧）comes with age and experience. A high score on a computer game will not help you solve the everyday problems of life. For that, a smart kid will turn to the wisdom of his parents and grandparents.
46．How do parents often feel about their children’s ability to use technology?
A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Nervous. D．Embarrassed.
47．What has been proved on IQ tests around the world these days?
A．Children easily use apps on smart phones.
B．Most children play video games better than their parents.
C．Children are born with a high IQ.
D．Most children are born smarter than their parents.
48．What caused the “Flynn Effect” according to the passage?
A．Better education. B．New technologies.
C．A better environment. D．New experiences.
49．The underlined word “puzzle” in the passage means ___________ in Chinese.
A．拼图 B．困境 C．迷惑 D．阻碍
50．The following facts are the “Flynn Effect” EXCEPT __________.
A．A child may easily find apps on a smart phone
B．A child may be good at completing the missing parts of a puzzle
C．A high score on a video game won’t help solve the problems in life
D．A ten-year-old child can move up through the levels of a video game easily
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．A
5．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物：冰墩墩和雪容融。
1．
词义猜测题。根据文中第一段“ You may know the five “Fuwa” dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17 of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV.”可知你可能知道2008北京奥运会的五个福娃。今年9月17日，这两个可爱的吉祥物首次在电视上亮相。表明他们是奥运会的象征，根据后文描述这两个吉祥物的象征意义。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据文中第二段“ “Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.”可知冰墩墩是2022年北京冬奥会吉祥物。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据文中第三段“Wen the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year.”可知人们在中国新年到来时制作或购买红灯笼。因红色是希望和好运的颜色，所以人们认为他们的梦想将会在新的一年实现。可见人们是认为红灯笼能带来好运。故选D。
4．
细节理解题。根据文中第二段““Bing Dwen Dwen” likes ice sports very much and is good at them.”可知Bing Dwen Dwen十分喜欢冰上运动，而且擅长冰上运动，可知冰墩墩很会滑冰，故选项A正确，故选A。
5．
最佳标题题。本文讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物：冰墩墩和雪容融。根据本文主要内容可知本文最佳标题是“两个奥运吉祥物惟妙惟肖”；故选B。
6．D
7．C
8．B
9．A
10．C
【解析】
本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。
6．
细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。
8．
词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。
9．
细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。
10．
词义猜测题。根据“Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。
11．B
12．D
13．C
14．A
15．D
【解析】
本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。
11．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便（比使用现金方便）。故选B。
12．
推理判断题。根据原文第三段第二句“You can shop…finger taps.”可知， 你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。由此判断通过使用手机，你可以做很多事情除了烹饪美味的东西。故选D。
13．
词义猜测题。根据第三段内容“You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps”可知，有了手机可以做很多事情。由此推测没有了手机，人们的生活不可能是“有趣的，“令人惊奇的”，“刺激的”，只能是“无聊的”，符合语境。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据第五段内容“At the two sessions…long distance calls would be cancelled.”可知，在两会上，李克强总理指出，2017年移动的速度网络将会提高，成本将会大大降低。国内漫游费和长途电话费将被取消。由此说明，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s”可知，在2020年，中国的5G网络投入使用。它帮助中国的移动通信反超国际社会。由此推断选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。”正确。故选D。
16．A
17．C
18．A
19．B
20．B
【解析】
文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”。
16．
细节理解题。根据“Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish”可知， Bea Johnson是倡导人们尽量不要制造垃圾，故选A。
17．
词义猜测题。根据“giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.”可知，把一些不要的东西给别人或者捐给红十字会，所以单词“donating”指的是“捐赠”，与C选项意思相近，故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea.”可知，陈元对6R规则感兴趣，故选A。
19．
句意猜测题。根据“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.”可知，陈元说这话的意思是零浪费的生活方式并不难，就在我们身边，故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”，结合选项可知，应该是从报纸上来的，故选B。
21．B
22．D
23．A
24．A
25．B
【解析】
文章通过诗句“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”来呼吁人们节约粮食，不要浪费食物。
21．
细节理解题。根据“Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.”可知，诗句告诉我们不要浪费粮食，故选B。
22．
细节理解题。根据“the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming.”可知，浙江湖州第四中学举办了一场活动，在烈日下数百名学生到田间体验农耕。故选D。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger.”可知，在20世纪60年代，由于食物不多，许多人甚至死于饥饿。我们国家也面临着这样的艰难时期，故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.”可知，节约粮食对环境也有好处，故选A。
25．
主旨大意题。根据“Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.”以及“Please value what you’re eating.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要通过诗句以及以前的生活状况，告诉我们为什么要节约粮食，故选B。
26．C
27．D
28．B
29．A
30．A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述纽扣的发明、用途、尺寸、材质以及对服装发展的影响。
26．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“About 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful”可知，在扣眼发明之后，纽扣突然变得有用了。故选C。
27．
细节理解题。根据第三段“the standard buttons of men’s shirts are 10.16 mm and of suit jackets are 20.32 mm”可知，男士衬衫的标准纽扣要比西装夹克的纽扣小。故选D。
28．
细节理解题。根据“buttons are mostly made of plastic but also may be made of metal or wood”可知，扣子的材料中不包含玻璃。故选B。
29．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Up to now, we can still see its influence on the clothes design”可知，现在我们依然能看到纽扣对服装设计的影响，纽扣的影响从未消失，故选A。
30．
推理判断题。纵观全文，讲解的是纽扣的发明以及纽扣普通使用对于服装的影响，而纽扣和服装都是生活的必须品，所以在网站的生活部分能看到此文。故选A。
31．C
32．C
33．A
34．A
35．B
【解析】
文章主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处。
31．
细节理解题。根据“We usually ‘tell’ them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard.”可知我们通常通过使用鼠标或键盘来控制机器。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition, has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s.”可知语音识别在20世纪60年代第一次出现在电影和电视节目中。故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“When you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.”可知在开车时，语音识别帮助你专注于你正在做的事情，保证你的安全。故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据“Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.”可知语音识别软件能听英语并翻译成汉语。故选A。
35．
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处，可能在科学杂志中读到。故选B。
36．D
37．A
38．B
39．C
40．A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述北京将主办第24届冬奥会，并介绍了冬奥会的起源和发展。讲述中国人对于冬季项目的热爱以及政府鼓励学校增加冬季项目到学习课程中去。
36．
推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a special event that only happens once every four years”可知冬奥会每四年一次；根据第二段“Although the Winter Olympics started with just five sports across nine disciplines in France in 1924”可知冬奥会开始于1924年，因此2022年北京冬奥会是第24届。故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据前文“the Winter Olympics started with just five sports ”冬奥会最早只有五个运动项目，以及本句“has grown to include seven sports across ”可知冬奥会增长到7个运动项目。“it”指的是冬奥会“the Winter Olympics”。故选A。
38．
词语猜测题。根据前文“The government has also been encouraging primary and middle schools to add winter sports to their subjects”政府鼓励把冬季运动项目添加到学生课程当中，以及后文“Classes will be set up in schools in northern China to improve interest in winter sports. In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks and winter sports clubs”介绍中国北方学校课程的建立以及南方学校与社会组织的合作，可知许多省份已经实施了政府的提议。“act on”表达“实施”。故选B。
39．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks and winter sports clubs”南方学校与溜冰场和冬季运动俱乐部进行合作，可知它们开发冬季运动项目是通过与社会组织合作的形式进行的。故选C。
40．
推理判断题。根据第四段“China’s love for winter sports has been growing”可知，中国对冬季运动的热爱一直在增长。A选项“越来越多的中国人喜欢冬季运动”表述准确。故选A。
41．C
42．B
43．D
44．D
45．A
【解析】
政府已经出台了很多政策，要求大学、中学和小学更加注重教授学生实用技能。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性。
41．
细节理解题。根据“It’s not easy.”可知，段佳阳认为这不容易，即很难，故选C。
42．
细节理解题。根据“In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results”可知，在中国，许多父母非常重视孩子的好成绩，故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“They planted watermelon, carrot and corn.”可知，他们种了西瓜、胡萝卜和玉米，没有提到卷心菜。故选D。
44．
细节理解题。根据“the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills”和“The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.”可知，学生们可以从农业课中学习基本的生活技能、理解劳动的重要性以及意识到他们的父母所经历的困难。故选D。
45．
最佳标题题。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性，选项A“年轻人通过技能课程获得一节生活课”符合主题，故选A。
46．A
47．D
48．B
49．A
50．C
【解析】
本文主要通过智力检测向我们展示了什么是“弗林效应”，以及人类越来越聪明的原因。
46．
细节理解题。根据“Parents are often surprised at their children’s ability to use technology”可知，父母经常对孩子使用科技的能力感到惊讶，故选A。
47．
细节理解题。根据“Most children are born smarter than their parents. This has been proved（证明）on IQ tests around the world recently”可知，证明了大多数孩子天生就比他们的父母聪明，故选D。
48．
细节理解题。根据“Flynn and many other researchers believe this has something to do with technology”可知，是新科技导致了“弗林效应”，故选B。
49．
词义猜测题。根据“So we may be better at completing the missing parts of a puzzle than our parents”可知，我们可能比我们的父母更擅长完成拼图中缺失的部分，所以puzzle表示“拼图”，故选A。
50．
细节理解题。根据“This increase in intelligence is called the “Flynn Effect（效应）””可知，弗林效应说的是人类变得越来越聪明，ABD三个都是人类聪明的具体例子，而C不是，故选C。
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